Sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device

Abstract

This application provides a sulfuric acid concentration boosting device, including a storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, a concentrator, and a downcomer. The storage tank includes a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and a dry air inlet. The liquid inlet is configured to allow dilute sulfuric acid to enter, the liquid outlet is configured to allow concentrated sulfuric acid to flow out, and the dry air inlet is configured to allow dry air to enter the storage tank at a temperature greater than 250°C. The gas-liquid separator is located above the storage tank and is configured to separate water vapor (from the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid) from the concentrated sulfuric acid. The bottom end of the concentrator is connected to the storage tank and extends into the liquid surface of the storage tank. The top end of the concentrator is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The concentrator is configured to allow a gas-liquid mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and dry air to enter the gas-liquid separator from the storage tank, while simultaneously allowing water in the dilute sulfuric acid to vaporize into water vapor. The downcomer connects the storage tank and the gas-liquid separator and is configured to allow the concentrated sulfuric acid from the gas-liquid separator to flow back to the storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of sulfuric acid concentration technology, and in particular to a sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device. Background Technology

[0002] Sulfuric acid is one of the most important basic chemical raw materials and one of the most important products in the chemical industry. It is mainly used to manufacture inorganic chemical fertilizers. Secondly, it is used as a basic chemical raw material in the smelting of non-ferrous metals, petroleum refining and petrochemicals, textile printing and dyeing, inorganic salt industry, certain inorganic and organic acids, rubber industry, paint industry, as well as defense industry, pesticides and pharmaceuticals, leather making, coking and other industrial sectors. In addition, it is also used for pickling steel.

[0003] Sulfuric acid, which is widely used, requires a sufficient concentration, so it is necessary to concentrate dilute sulfuric acid. The typical dilute sulfuric acid concentration technologies in the present technology are evaporation concentration technology and thermal cracking regeneration technology.

[0004] The principle of evaporation concentration utilizes the varying partial pressures of water (light component) and sulfuric acid (heavy component) in the gas phase of dilute sulfuric acid under different temperatures, pressures, and sulfuric acid concentrations. By heating the liquid-phase dilute sulfuric acid, the partial pressure of water in the gas phase is increased, causing water from the liquid-phase dilute sulfuric acid to enter the gas phase, thus concentrating the dilute sulfuric acid. Because sulfuric acid is highly corrosive and oxidizing, and its corrosiveness and oxidizing properties increase dramatically with changes in temperature and concentration, the materials used in sulfuric acid evaporation concentration equipment must possess strong resistance. Based on the temperature and concentration of the sulfuric acid, the following materials are selected in order of resistance: graphite, silicon carbide, and tan, with tan exhibiting the best resistance. Even so, tan cannot withstand the corrosion of sulfuric acid with a concentration greater than 80% at temperatures above 200°C. Due to this limitation, it is difficult to obtain sulfuric acid with a purity of over 96% using evaporation concentration technology. Furthermore, the production of tan is very limited, and the related equipment is extremely expensive.

[0005] The principle of thermal cracking regeneration technology is to feed dilute sulfuric acid into a high-temperature cracking furnace. After absorbing heat, the sulfuric acid is evaporated and vaporized, and finally decomposed into SO2, O2, and H2O. This SO2 is then used in a downstream sulfuric acid production unit to regenerate sulfuric acid. This technology can produce 98% pure sulfuric acid. However, because it requires the vaporization and cracking of dilute sulfuric acid and the supporting SO2 sulfuric acid production unit, thermal cracking regeneration technology has higher energy consumption and investment compared to evaporation concentration technology.

[0006] The above description of "prior art" provides background information only and does not acknowledge that the above description of "prior art" discloses the subject matter of this application. It does not constitute prior art of this application, and no description of the above "prior art" should be considered part of this application. Utility Model Content

[0007] The main objective of this application is to provide a sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device that is simple in structure, safe and reliable, capable of extracting sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98%, and has low energy consumption and low cost.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] According to one aspect of this application, a sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device is provided, comprising a storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, a concentrator, and a downcomer. The storage tank includes a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and a dry air inlet. The liquid inlet is configured to allow dilute sulfuric acid to enter, the liquid outlet is configured to allow concentrated sulfuric acid to flow out, and the dry air inlet is configured to allow dry air to enter the storage tank, the temperature of which is greater than 250°C. The gas-liquid separator is disposed above the storage tank and configured to separate water vapor (from the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid) from the concentrated sulfuric acid. The bottom end of the concentrator is connected to the storage tank and extends into the liquid surface of the storage tank. The top end of the concentrator is connected to the gas-liquid separator. The concentrator is configured to allow a gas-liquid mixture of the dilute sulfuric acid and the dry air to enter the gas-liquid separator from the storage tank, while simultaneously allowing water in the dilute sulfuric acid to vaporize into water vapor. The downcomer connects the storage tank and the gas-liquid separator and is configured to allow the concentrated sulfuric acid in the gas-liquid separator to flow back to the storage tank.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the dry air is introduced into the concentrator.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device further includes a heater configured to heat the gas-liquid mixture in the concentrator.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, the shells of the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separation tank are multi-layered structures, the multi-layered structure including an innermost layer in contact with sulfuric acid, an outermost layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the outermost layer and the innermost layer.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the innermost layer is an acid-resistant heat insulation layer, the outermost layer is a metal layer, and the middle layer is a corrosion-resistant layer.

[0014] According to one embodiment of this application, the gas-liquid separation box further includes a gas outlet and a demister. The water vapor gas after the water in the dilute sulfuric acid is vaporized and the gas mixture of the dry air are discharged through the gas outlet. The demister is disposed at the gas outlet and is configured to remove acid mist from the gas mixture.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, the demister is made of acid-resistant fiber filaments with a porosity greater than 85%.

[0016] According to one embodiment of this application, the diameter of the acid-resistant fiber filament is 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm.

[0017] According to one embodiment of this application, the demister has two opposing surfaces, one surface for water vapor gas after water in the dilute sulfuric acid is vaporized to enter the demister, and the other surface for the water vapor gas to be discharged. The distance between the two opposing surfaces is defined as the height of the demister, and the height of the demister made of acid-resistant fiber is 4cm-15cm.

[0018] According to one embodiment of this application, a bubbler is provided inside the bottom end of the concentrator extending into the liquid storage tank. The bubbler is connected to the dry air inlet, and the dry air enters the concentrator through the bubbler.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this application, the distance between the top of the concentrator connected to the gas-liquid separator and the bubbler is H, and the distance between the liquid surface of the dilute sulfuric acid in the storage tank and the bubbler is h, then 0.3≤h / H≤0.8.

[0020] According to one embodiment of this application, both the concentrator and the downcomer are made of corrosion-resistant materials.

[0021] According to one embodiment of this application, the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device further includes a connecting pipe that connects the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separation tank, and is configured to maintain pressure balance between the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separation tank.

[0022] According to one embodiment of this application, the gas-liquid separator has a concentrated sulfuric acid outlet, one end of the downcomer is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the concentrated sulfuric acid outlet, and the other end extends into the liquid storage tank below the liquid surface.

[0023] According to one embodiment of this application, the liquid outlet is located above the liquid level in the storage tank.

[0024] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the advantages and positive effects of the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device proposed in this application are as follows:

[0025] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device proposed in this application includes a storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, a concentrator, and a downcomer. The storage tank and the gas-liquid separator are connected through the concentrator and the downcomer. Based on the principle of communicating vessels, and utilizing the density difference between gas, gas-liquid, and liquid, continuous circulation of sulfuric acid within the device is achieved without the need for additional pumps, thus realizing the simultaneous enhancement of mass and heat transfer.

[0026] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device proposed in this application uses high-temperature dry air (above 250°C) to be blown into the concentrator to improve heat transfer efficiency and vaporize the water in dilute sulfuric acid. A gas-liquid separator separates the water vapor from the vaporized water in the dilute sulfuric acid, thus obtaining concentrated sulfuric acid and achieving sulfuric acid concentration.

[0027] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device proposed in this application has a simple structure, is safe and reliable, can extract sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98%, and has low energy consumption and low price. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The various objectives, features, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are merely illustrative illustrations of this application and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings, the same reference numerals always denote the same or similar parts. Wherein:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device of this application.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage tank and gas-liquid separation tank of the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device of this application.

[0031] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0032] 1- Sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device;

[0033] 10-Liquid storage tank;

[0034] 20-Gas-Liquid Separator;

[0035] 30-Concentrator;

[0036] 40-Downcomer;

[0037] 50 - Heater;

[0038] 60 - Connecting tube;

[0039] 101 - Liquid Inlet;

[0040] 102 - Liquid outlet;

[0041] 103 - Dry air inlet;

[0042] 104 - Bubble maker;

[0043] 105-Inward extension tube;

[0044] 201 - Gas outlet;

[0045] 202-Demister;

[0046] 203 - Concentrated sulfuric acid outlet;

[0047] 100 - Innermost layer;

[0048] 200 - Intermediate layer;

[0049] 300 - Outermost layer. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0051] In the following description of various exemplary embodiments of this application, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, and which illustrate by way of example different exemplary structures, systems, and steps that can implement various aspects of this application. It should be understood that other specific solutions to components, structures, exemplary devices, systems, and steps may be used, and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of this application. Furthermore, while the terms “above,” “between,” “within,” etc., may be used in this specification to describe different exemplary features and elements of this application, these terms are used herein only for convenience, such as the orientation according to the examples described in the accompanying drawings. Nothing in this specification should be construed as requiring a specific three-dimensional orientation of the structure to fall within the scope of this application.

[0052] It is understood that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or components inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0053] As used herein, “about,” “approximately,” “essentially,” or “substantially” includes the value and the average value within an acceptable range of deviations from a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurement under discussion and a particular number of errors associated with the measurement (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of the value, or, for example, within ±30%, ±20%, ±15%, ±10%, ±5%. Furthermore, the use of “about,” “approximately,” “essentially,” or “substantially” herein may be chosen to select a more acceptable range of deviations or standard deviations depending on the nature of the measurement, the cutting nature, or other properties, and may not require a single standard deviation to apply to all properties.

[0054] Furthermore, relative terms such as “down” or “bottom” and “up” or “top” may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element and another, as illustrated in the figures. It should be understood that relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device beyond those shown in the figures. For example, if a device in one figure is flipped, an element described as being “down” to another element will be oriented “up” to that element. Thus, the exemplary term “down” can include both “down” and “up” orientations, depending on the specific orientation of the figure. Similarly, if a device in one figure is flipped, an element described as being “below” or “under” another element will be oriented “above” that element. Thus, the exemplary terms “above” or “below” can include both “up” and “down” orientations.

[0055] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to cross-sectional views, which are schematic diagrams of idealized embodiments. Therefore, variations in the shape of the illustrations can be expected as a result of, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Consequently, the embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the specific shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include, for example, shape deviations caused by manufacturing processes. For example, regions shown or described as flat may generally have rough and / or non-linear characteristics. Furthermore, the acute angles shown may be rounded. Therefore, the regions shown in the figures are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the precise shapes of the regions, nor are they intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of this application includes a storage tank 10, a gas-liquid separator 20, a concentrator 30, and a downcomer 40. The storage tank 10 and the gas-liquid separator 20 are connected through the concentrator 30 and the downcomer 40. Based on the principle of communicating vessels, and utilizing the density difference between gas, gas-liquid, and liquid, continuous circulation of sulfuric acid within the device is achieved without the need for additional pumps, thus realizing the simultaneous enhancement of mass transfer and heat transfer.

[0057] The storage tank 10 includes a liquid inlet 101, a liquid outlet 102, and a dry air inlet 103. The liquid inlet 101 is configured to allow dilute sulfuric acid to enter, the liquid outlet 102 is configured to allow concentrated sulfuric acid to flow out, and the dry air inlet 103 is configured to allow dry air to enter the storage tank 10. The temperature of the dry air is greater than 250°C, and the dry air is introduced into the concentrator 30. A gas-liquid separator 20 is located above the storage tank 10 and is configured to separate water vapor from the dilute sulfuric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.

[0058] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of this application uses high-temperature dry air (above 250°C) blown into the concentrator 30 to improve heat transfer efficiency and vaporize the water in dilute sulfuric acid. The gas-liquid separator 20 separates the water vapor from the vaporized water in the dilute sulfuric acid, thus obtaining concentrated sulfuric acid and achieving sulfuric acid concentration. The temperature of the dry air can be between 250°C and 500°C, for example, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, etc. The temperature of the further drying air is between 300°C and 400°C, for example, 300°C, 320°C, 360°C, 380°C, etc. The H₂O content of the dry air is not higher than 2 vol%, and further not higher than 1 vol%.

[0059] The bottom end of the concentrator 30 is connected to the storage tank 10 and extends into the liquid surface of the storage tank 10. The top end of the concentrator 30 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 20. The concentrator 30 is configured to allow a gas-liquid mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and dry air to enter the gas-liquid separator 20 from the storage tank 10, while simultaneously allowing water in the dilute sulfuric acid to vaporize into water vapor. The downcomer 40 connects the storage tank 10 and the gas-liquid separator 20 and is configured to allow concentrated sulfuric acid in the gas-liquid separator 20 to flow back to the storage tank 10. The top end of the concentrator 30 is inserted into the gas-liquid separator 20 and slightly protrudes from the inner bottom wall of the gas-liquid separator 20.

[0060] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of this application has a simple structure, low energy consumption, and is safe and reliable, and can extract sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98%.

[0061] In the storage tank 10, near the liquid inlet 101, dilute sulfuric acid is stored. This area also has a dry air inlet 103, through which high-temperature, dry air is introduced. The dilute sulfuric acid and dry air come into contact at the bottom of the concentrator 30. After the air enters the bottom of the concentrator 30, the resulting bubbles rise due to buoyancy and fill the entire concentrator 30, which contains a gas-liquid mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and high-temperature, dry air. Based on the principle of communicating vessels, since the density of the gas-liquid mixture is less than that of the liquid, the mixture rises in the concentrator 30 to a certain height and eventually enters the gas-liquid separator 20. At high temperature, the partial pressure of water in the gas phase increases, causing water in the dilute sulfuric acid to change from the liquid phase to the gas phase. After gas-liquid separation in the gas-liquid separator 20, the water and air that changed from the liquid phase to the gas phase in the dilute sulfuric acid are discharged from the gas outlet 201 at the top of the gas-liquid separator 20, while the concentrated sulfuric acid returns to the storage tank 10 through the downcomer 40. Due to the continuous input of high-temperature, dry air, concentrated sulfuric acid is constantly returned to the storage tank 10, causing the sulfuric acid concentration in the storage tank 10 to gradually increase. Under the influence of air, the sulfuric acid continuously circulates between the storage tank 10, the concentrator 30, and the gas-liquid separator 20, thus increasing the sulfuric acid concentration. Figure 1 The solid arrows indicate the direction of sulfuric acid flow, while the dashed arrows indicate the direction of gas flow.

[0062] In this embodiment, an inner extension pipe 105 is provided at the liquid inlet 101 to allow dilute sulfuric acid to enter the storage tank 10. The inner extension pipe 105 is inserted below the sulfuric acid surface in the storage tank 10. The liquid outlet 102 is located at the upper part of the storage tank 10; in this embodiment, the liquid outlet 102 is above the liquid surface in the storage tank 10. Concentrated sulfuric acid in the storage tank 10 is discharged from the liquid outlet 102 by overflow. The liquid outlet 102 is located near the downcomer 40, and the liquid inlet 101 is located near the concentrator 30. The distance between the end of the inner extension pipe 105 that enters the sulfuric acid surface and the bottom wall of the storage tank 10 is less than the distance between the bottom end of the concentrator 30 and the bottom wall of the storage tank 10.

[0063] In this embodiment, the concentrator 30 can be a tubular structure, and both the concentrator 30 and the downcomer 40 are made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as glass, ceramics, etc., and quartz can be further selected.

[0064] In this embodiment, the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 further includes a heater 50, configured to heat the gas-liquid mixture in the concentrator 30. The heater 50 is located outside the concentrator 30. When the gas-liquid mixture passes through the concentrator 30, it is heated and further heated by the heater 50. At high temperatures, the partial pressure of water in the gas phase increases, causing water in the dilute sulfuric acid to transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase, thereby increasing the sulfuric acid concentration. The heater 50 can be heated by flame, high-temperature flue gas, electric heating, etc. In this embodiment, electric heating is primarily used.

[0065] In this embodiment, the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 further includes a connecting pipe 60, which connects the storage tank 10 and the gas-liquid separation tank 20, and is configured to maintain pressure balance between the storage tank 10 and the gas-liquid separation tank 20. The connecting pipe 60 connects the gas phase space of the gas-liquid separation tank 20 and the upper gas phase space of the storage tank 10, and is located above the liquid outlet 102.

[0066] In this embodiment, a bubbler 104 is installed inside the bottom end of the concentrator 30, which extends into the storage tank 10. The bubbler 104 is connected to the dry air inlet 103, and dry air enters the concentrator 30 through the bubbler 104. The bubbler 104 is located below the concentrator 30 and extends into the interior of the concentrator 30, and dry air is blown out from the bubbler 104. This increases the amount of dry air entering the concentrator 30, prevents dry air from escaping, and avoids a drop in the temperature of the dry air, thereby improving the efficiency of sulfuric acid concentration.

[0067] In this embodiment, the distance between the top of the gas-liquid separator 20 connected to the concentrator 30 and the bubbler 104 is H, and the distance between the liquid surface of the dilute sulfuric acid in the storage tank 10 and the bubbler 104 is h. Therefore, 0.3 ≤ h / H ≤ 0.8. For example, it can be 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, etc. Further, 0.4 ≤ h / H ≤ 0.7 can be selected, and even further, 0.5 ≤ h / H ≤ 0.6 can be selected. The above h / H ratios ensure the liquid circulation volume, increase the input of high-temperature dry air, improve efficiency, and reduce energy consumption.

[0068] In this embodiment, the gas-liquid separator 20 further includes a gas outlet 201 and a demister 202. The mixture of water vapor from the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid and dry air is discharged through the gas outlet 201. The demister 202 is located at the gas outlet 201 and is configured to remove acid mist from the gas mixture. By incorporating the demister 202 into the gas-liquid separator 20, the acid mist content of the discharged air can be reduced to less than 5 mg / Nm³. 3 It can directly meet emission standards.

[0069] In this embodiment, the demister 202 is composed of acid-resistant fiber filaments with a porosity greater than 85%. The diameter of the acid-resistant fiber filaments is 0.03mm-0.1mm, and can be 0.05mm, 0.08mm, etc. The material of the acid-resistant fiber filaments can be polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTEF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and further selected from ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) and polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether copolymer (PFA). ETFE is used even more specifically. The porosity can be further selected from 95% to 99%, and even more specifically from 96%. The selection of the porosity ensures effective demisting without increasing pressure loss.

[0070] In this embodiment, the demister 202 has two opposing surfaces. One surface allows water vapor from the vaporization of water in dilute sulfuric acid to enter the demister 202, while the other surface allows the water vapor to exit. The distance between the two opposing surfaces is defined as the height of the demister 202. Therefore, the height of the demister 202 made of acid-resistant fiber filaments is 4cm-15cm, and can be further selected as 6cm-10cm, such as 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, etc. A thickness of 4cm-15cm can ensure the demisting effect while avoiding increased pressure loss.

[0071] In this embodiment, the gas-liquid separator 20 has a concentrated sulfuric acid outlet 203. One end of the downcomer 40 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 20 through the concentrated sulfuric acid outlet 203, and the other end extends below the liquid surface in the storage tank 10. The downcomer 40 does not protrude from the inner bottom wall of the gas-liquid separator 20.

[0072] In this embodiment, see Figure 2 The storage tank 10 and the gas-liquid separator 20 have a multi-layered shell structure, which includes an innermost layer 100 that is in contact with sulfuric acid, an outermost layer 300, and an intermediate layer 200 located between the outermost layer 300 and the innermost layer 100. This multi-layered design allows the storage tank 10 and the gas-liquid separator 20 to withstand high-temperature sulfuric acid, extending the service life of the entire device.

[0073] The outermost layer 300 is a metal layer, which improves the strength and rigidity of the entire enclosure. The middle layer 200 is a corrosion-resistant layer, which can be made of fluorine materials and can be called a fluorine material lining layer, to prevent sulfuric acid from corroding the metal shell. The innermost layer 100 is an acid-resistant and heat-insulating layer, which can be made of ceramic acid-resistant bricks to prevent high-temperature damage to the fluorine material lining layer. The fluorine material lining layer can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether copolymer (PFA) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The enclosures of the liquid storage tank 10 and the gas-liquid separation tank 20 adopt a three-layer structure design of metal + fluorine material lining + acid-resistant and heat-insulating layer, which enables the entire device to withstand the corrosion of high-temperature sulfuric acid, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the device.

[0074] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of this application also has a second embodiment, which is related to the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of the second embodiment. Figures 1 to 2 Compared to the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 of the previous embodiment, it has a substantially similar structure in its basic construction. Therefore, in the following description of the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 of this second embodiment, the description will not be repeated. Figures 1 to 2 The structure has already been described in the implementation method. Additionally, regarding... Figures 1 to 2 The structures of the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 described in the embodiments are identical to those of the previous embodiment and are labeled with the same reference numerals. Therefore, in the following description of this embodiment, the structures of the same embodiment will be primarily referred to. Figures 1 to 2 The differences between the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 in this second embodiment and the previous embodiment will be explained. Specifically, the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 in this second embodiment mainly includes a first detector installed in the storage tank 10 to detect the concentration of sulfuric acid in the storage tank 10. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 also includes a controller that receives signals from the first detector and controls the opening and closing of the liquid outlet 102. The controller can also alert personnel to manually open and close the liquid outlet 102.

[0075] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of this application also has a third embodiment, which is related to the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of this third embodiment. Figures 1 to 2 Compared to the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 of the previous embodiment, it has a substantially similar structure in its basic construction. Therefore, in the following description of the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 of this third embodiment, the description will not be repeated. Figures 1 to 2 The structure has already been described in the implementation method. Additionally, regarding... Figures 1 to 2 The structures of the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 described in the embodiments are identical to those of the previous embodiment and are labeled with the same reference numerals. Therefore, in the following description of this embodiment, the structures of the same embodiment will be primarily referred to. Figures 1 to 2The differences between the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 in the third embodiment and the previous embodiment will be explained. Specifically, the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device 1 in this third embodiment mainly includes a second detector and an alarm for detecting the safety performance of the entire device. The alarm receives a signal from the second detector and performs an alarm response based on the received signal.

[0076] The above is a detailed description of several exemplary embodiments of the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 of this application. The following will provide an exemplary description of the usage process of the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 proposed in this application.

[0077] Combined with appendix Figures 1 to 2 The process of using the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device 1 proposed in this application is as follows.

[0078] 90% dilute sulfuric acid at room temperature enters the storage tank 10 through the liquid inlet 101, while high-temperature dry air at 300°C with a H₂O content of 1 vol% enters the storage tank 10 through the dry air inlet 103. After the 90% sulfuric acid enters, near the bottom of the concentrator 30, the high-temperature dry air, under the action of the bubbler 104, enters the concentrator 30. Thus, the gas-liquid mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and dry air passes through the concentrator 30 and is lifted to the gas-liquid separator 20 for gas-liquid separation. The concentrated liquid sulfuric acid obtained after separation returns to the storage tank 10 through the downcomer 40. With the continuous input of high-temperature dry air, the dilute sulfuric acid continuously circulates within the device, and its concentration continuously increases.

[0079] During the circulation process, dilute sulfuric acid is continuously in contact with high-temperature dry air and is continuously heated by heater 50. The temperature of the dilute sulfuric acid can reach 260-280℃. Under the action of equilibrium partial pressure, the water in the dilute sulfuric acid enters the gas phase. Finally, 98% sulfuric acid is obtained and overflows from the liquid outlet 102. The water vapor produced by the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid rises naturally with the air. The acid mist carried by it passes through demister 202 to remove the acid mist and is discharged through gas outlet 201.

[0080] The upper gas phase space inside the liquid storage tank 10 is connected to the gas phase space of the gas-liquid separator 20 through the connecting pipe 60, so as to achieve pressure balance of the gas phase regions in the two tanks.

[0081] in Figure 1 The solid arrows indicate the direction of sulfuric acid flow, while the dashed arrows indicate the direction of gas flow.

[0082] In summary, the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device proposed in this application includes a storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, a concentrator, and a downcomer. The storage tank includes a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and a dry air inlet. The liquid inlet is configured to allow dilute sulfuric acid to enter, the liquid outlet is configured to allow concentrated sulfuric acid to flow out, and the dry air inlet is configured to allow dry air to enter the storage tank at a temperature greater than 250°C. The gas-liquid separator is located above the storage tank and is configured to separate water vapor (from the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid) from the concentrated sulfuric acid. The bottom end of the concentrator connects to the storage tank and extends into the liquid surface of the storage tank. The top end of the concentrator connects to the gas-liquid separator. The concentrator is configured to allow the gas-liquid mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and dry air to enter the gas-liquid separator from the storage tank, while simultaneously allowing water in the dilute sulfuric acid to vaporize into water vapor. The downcomer connects the storage tank and the gas-liquid separator and is configured to allow the concentrated sulfuric acid from the gas-liquid separator to flow back to the storage tank.

[0083] The sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device proposed in this application connects the storage tank and the gas-liquid separation tank via a concentrator and a downcomer. Based on the principle of communicating vessels, it utilizes the density difference between gas, gas-liquid, and liquid phases to achieve continuous circulation of sulfuric acid within the device without the need for additional pumps, thus simultaneously enhancing mass and heat transfer. High-temperature dry air (above 250°C) is blown into the concentrator to improve heat transfer efficiency and vaporize the water in the dilute sulfuric acid. The gas-liquid separation tank separates the water vapor from the dilute sulfuric acid to obtain concentrated sulfuric acid, thereby achieving sulfuric acid concentration.

[0084] It is understood that the various embodiments / implementations provided by this utility model can be combined with each other without creating contradictions, and will not be described one by one here.

[0085] In the above exemplary embodiments, the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device proposed by this invention is described using sulfuric acid as an example. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, or other changes may be made to the specific embodiments to apply the relevant designs of this invention to other types of acids, and these changes are still within the scope of the principle of the sulfuric acid concentration enhancement device proposed by this invention.

[0086] It should be noted that the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device shown in the accompanying drawings and described in this specification is merely a few examples among many sulfuric acid concentration boosting devices capable of employing the principles of this invention. It should be clearly understood that the principles of this invention are by no means limited to any detail or component of the sulfuric acid concentration boosting device shown in the accompanying drawings or described in this specification.

[0087] In the embodiments of the utility model, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "join," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "join" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0088] In the description of the utility model embodiments, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model embodiments and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model embodiments.

[0089] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. When introducing elements / components / etc. described and / or illustrated herein, the terms "a," "a," and "the above" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0090] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made to the utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus characterized by comprising: include: A liquid storage tank includes a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and a dry air inlet. The liquid inlet is configured to allow dilute sulfuric acid to enter, the liquid outlet is configured to allow concentrated sulfuric acid to flow out, and the dry air inlet is configured to allow dry air to enter the liquid storage tank. The temperature of the dry air is greater than 250°C. A gas-liquid separator is located above the liquid storage tank and is configured to separate water vapor gas produced by the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid from the concentrated sulfuric acid. A concentrator, the bottom of which is connected to the liquid storage tank and extends into the liquid surface of the liquid storage tank, and the top of which is connected to the gas-liquid separation tank, the concentrator being configured to allow the gas-liquid mixture of the dilute sulfuric acid and the dry air to enter the gas-liquid separation tank from the liquid storage tank, while simultaneously allowing the water in the dilute sulfuric acid to be vaporized into water vapor gas; A downcomer, connecting the storage tank and the gas-liquid separator, is configured to allow the concentrated sulfuric acid in the gas-liquid separator to flow back to the storage tank.

2. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized by, The dry air is introduced into the concentrator.

3. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized by, It also includes a heater configured to heat the gas-liquid mixture in the concentrator.

4. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized by, The storage tank and the gas-liquid separator have a multi-layer structure, which includes an innermost layer in contact with sulfuric acid, an outermost layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the outermost layer and the innermost layer.

5. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized by The innermost layer is an acid-resistant heat insulation layer, the outermost layer is a metal layer, and the middle layer is a corrosion-resistant layer.

6. The sulfuric acid concentration boost apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The gas-liquid separator also includes a gas outlet and a demister. The mixture of water vapor gas from the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid and the gas mixture of the dry air is discharged through the gas outlet. The demister is located at the gas outlet and is configured to remove acid mist from the gas mixture.

7. The sulfuric acid concentration boost apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The demister is made of acid-resistant fiber filaments with a porosity greater than 85%.

8. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterized by The diameter of the acid-resistant fiber filament is 0.03mm-0.1mm.

9. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus of any one of claims 7-8, wherein, The demister has two opposing surfaces. One surface allows water vapor from the vaporization of water in the dilute sulfuric acid to enter the demister, and the other surface allows the water vapor to exit. The distance between the two opposing surfaces is defined as the height of the demister. Therefore, the height of the demister made of acid-resistant fiber is 4cm-15cm.

10. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, A bubbler is installed inside the bottom end of the concentrator that extends into the liquid storage tank. The bubbler is connected to the dry air inlet, and the dry air enters the concentrator through the bubbler.

11. The sulfuric acid concentration boost apparatus of claim 10, wherein, The distance between the top of the concentrator connected to the gas-liquid separator and the bubbler is H, and the distance between the liquid surface of the dilute sulfuric acid in the storage tank and the bubbler is h. Then 0.3≤h / H≤0.

8.

12. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by Both the concentrator and the downcomer are made of corrosion-resistant materials.

13. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, wherein, It also includes a connecting pipe that connects the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separator, and is configured to maintain pressure balance between the liquid storage tank and the gas-liquid separator.

14. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The gas-liquid separator has a concentrated sulfuric acid outlet. One end of the downcomer is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the concentrated sulfuric acid outlet, and the other end extends below the liquid surface in the storage tank.

15. The sulfuric acid concentration boosting apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The liquid outlet is located above the liquid level in the storage tank.

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