A house waterproofing structure

Abstract

This utility model proposes a building waterproofing structure, including a building wall and a cast-in-place beam on top of it. At least one drainage channel is formed around the circumference of the cast-in-place beam, with at least one end of the channel connected to an external drainage pipe. Multiple roof slabs are erected above the cast-in-place beam, each slab having multiple through-holes along its length. The mating ends of adjacent roof slabs have matching notches, allowing the drainage holes of two adjacent roof slabs to connect through these notches. Seepage entering the drainage holes is guided to the drainage channel and then discharged. This building waterproofing structure, through the interconnected design of the drainage channels along the circumference of the cast-in-place beam and the drainage holes inside the roof slabs, forms a multi-layered seepage drainage path. Seepage can quickly flow into the drainage holes along the notches at the joints of the roof slabs and then be directionally discharged to the external drainage pipe through the drainage channels, significantly reducing the risk of seepage retention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building waterproofing technology, specifically to a leak-proof structure for houses. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional cast-in-place roofs are prone to leakage due to material shrinkage, thermal expansion and contraction, and limitations in construction techniques. They typically require periodic waterproofing repairs or the addition of tiled roof structures. However, the former is costly and has a short maintenance cycle (requiring renovation approximately every 3-7 years), while the latter significantly increases construction costs and the risks associated with high-altitude maintenance. In existing technologies, drainage ditches are often designed separately from the roof structure, allowing water to accumulate at joints or at the bottom of slabs, accelerating the aging of the waterproofing layer. Furthermore, the lack of directional water-guiding channels at floor slab joints makes it difficult for leaks to drain quickly, further exacerbating structural damage. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model proposes a waterproof structure for houses, which solves the problem of long-term leakage risks in the roof due to material shrinkage, thermal expansion and contraction and construction process limitations in the existing technology.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0005] A building waterproofing structure includes a building wall and a cast-in-place beam cast on top thereon, wherein at least one drainage channel is provided around the circumference of the cast-in-place beam, and at least one end of the drainage channel is connected to an external drainage pipe.

[0006] Multiple top plates are erected above the cast beam. The top plates have multiple through-holes along their length, and the mating ends of adjacent top plates are provided with matching notches, so that the through-holes of two adjacent top plates are connected through the notches; the seepage entering the through-holes is guided to the drainage channel and then discharged.

[0007] Furthermore, a spacer template is installed on the inner wall of the outer side of the diversion channel, and the spacer template extends inward and is installed on the edge of the top plate to prevent the diversion channel from being filled by pouring.

[0008] Furthermore, the cast beam is pre-embedded with vertically upward-extending reinforcing bars, and a cast-in-place roof is poured outside the reinforcing bars, outside the spacer formwork, and above the top slab.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening of the notch makes the guide hole a C-shaped groove, wherein a waterproof structure is provided in the C-shaped groove, above the top plate and on the outer wall.

[0010] Furthermore, the cross-section of the guide channel is an inverted trapezoid, and the inner wall of the guide channel is provided with a waterproof structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower edge of the top plate extends above the drainage ditch to prevent seepage from adhering to the wall.

[0012] Furthermore, a diversion plate extending into the diversion channel is provided at the lower edge of the top plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a gap is left between the splicing of two adjacent top plates to correspond to the guide hole at the notch, so that the seepage can flow into the through hole along the gap.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application are as follows:

[0015] 1. The building's waterproofing structure utilizes a multi-layered drainage path created by connecting the circumferential drainage channels in the cast-in-place beams with the internal drainage holes in the roof slab. Leakage can quickly flow into the drainage holes along the gaps at the roof slab joints and then be directed out through the drainage channels to the external drainage pipes, significantly reducing the risk of water retention. Simultaneously, the coordinated layout of the drainage channels and the roof slab avoids the recurring leakage problems caused by poorly sealed joints or a single drainage path in traditional roofs, greatly improving the durability of waterproofing.

[0016] 2. The building's waterproof structure features a matching design of drainage holes and notches, ensuring structural stability during panel splicing while actively guiding water seepage through pre-reserved gaps and through channels, reducing over-reliance on waterproof coatings. Direct connection between the drainage channels and external drainage pipes simplifies the drainage system construction, reducing construction complexity and material costs. Furthermore, the hollow structure of the roof slab also provides thermal insulation, and combined with the integrated design of the drainage system, further optimizes the roof's thermal insulation performance and overall durability on top of waterproofing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproofing structure for houses according to this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a partial sectional view of the leak-proof structure for houses according to this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another way in which the notch of this utility model is set.

[0022] In the diagram: 10 Building wall, 20 Cast-in-place beam, 21 Reinforcing steel, 30 Diversion ditch, 40 Top slab, 41 Diversion hole, 42 Notch, 43 Drainage plate, 50 Interval formwork, 60 Cast-in-place roof. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to its embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0024] Reference Figure 1-3 A building waterproofing structure includes a building wall 10 and a cast-in-place beam 20 cast on top of it. At least one drainage channel 30 is provided around the circumference of the cast-in-place beam 20, and at least one end of the drainage channel 30 is connected to an external drainage pipe. Multiple top plates 40 are erected above the cast-in-place beam 20. The top plates 40 are provided with multiple through drainage holes 41 along their length, and the mating ends of adjacent top plates 40 are respectively provided with matching notches 42, so that the drainage holes 41 of two adjacent top plates 40 are connected through the notches 42. The seepage entering the drainage holes 41 is guided to the drainage channel 30 and then discharged. The cast beam 20 includes a ring beam 201 arranged around the circumference of the building wall 10 and an intermediate beam 202 located in the middle of the roof. The ring beam 201 forms a continuous closed structure around the top of the building wall 10, which enhances the overall connection strength between the roof and the wall and prevents the deformation of the drainage ditch 30 due to uneven settlement. The intermediate beam 202 supports the top plate 40 laterally, disperses the roof load and fixes the through direction of the drainage hole 41, ensuring that the seepage flows stably along the directional flow path of the drainage hole 41 to the drainage ditch 30. The ring beam 201 and the intermediate beam 202 work together to form a composite frame for the cast beam 20. The ring beam 201 constrains the circumferential deformation of the drainage ditch 30 through a closed structure to prevent seepage from accumulating. The intermediate beam 202 aligns the drainage holes 41 of the supporting top plate 40 with the notches 42 to ensure that the drainage holes 41 form a continuous channel after the adjacent top plates 40 are spliced, so that the seepage flows into the drainage holes 41 through the notches 42. The drainage ditch 30 is connected to the external drainage pipe, and its function is to direct the discharge of the collected seepage to avoid structural erosion caused by water accumulation. The seepage that flows into the drainage holes 41 is finally discharged along the drainage ditch 30.

[0025] Furthermore, the top plate 40 is a board material that meets preset durability and hardness requirements, and its structure includes, but is not limited to, hollow, solid, or multi-layer composite types. Solid, multi-layer composite, or other boards that meet strength requirements can be used as substitutes. At the same time, the core design of the guiding holes 41, notches 42, and gap drainage functions is not limited by material type, adapting to different construction scenarios and cost requirements. Regardless of the specific structure of the top plate 40 (e.g., hollow or solid), the through-hole design of its guiding holes 41 and notches 42 forms a directional drainage path for seepage.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, in addition to being staggered vertically on both sides of the same board 40, the notches 42 can also be set on the same side of both sides of the same board 40, that is, the two notches 42 are located at the same upper or lower position on both sides of the board 40, in order to meet different needs.

[0027] In some embodiments, a spacer template 50 is erected on the outer inner wall of the diversion ditch 30. The spacer template 50 extends inward and rests on the edge of the top plate 40 to prevent the diversion ditch 30 from being filled by concrete pouring. By physically blocking pouring materials such as concrete from entering the diversion ditch 30, the drainage space of the diversion ditch 30 is prevented from being filled. At the same time, the spacer template 50 provides support and limitation for the edge of the top plate 40, ensuring that the relative position of the top plate 40 and the diversion ditch 30 is fixed, and preventing the connection path between the diversion hole 41 and the diversion ditch 30 from being interrupted due to construction deviation. During the cast-in-place construction, the spacer template 50 acts as a protective barrier for the diversion ditch 30, preventing the cast material from flowing into the diversion ditch 30 and maintaining its preset drainage cross-sectional dimensions. At the same time, the upper extension of the spacer template 50 fits against the edge of the top plate 40, which not only fixes the overlapping position of the top plate 40, but also provides an alignment benchmark for the subsequent connection between the diversion hole 41 and the diversion ditch 30, thereby ensuring that the drainage path of the seepage from the diversion hole 41 to the diversion ditch 30 is unobstructed throughout the entire process.

[0028] In some embodiments, a gap is left between the joints of two adjacent top plates 40 to correspond to the guide holes 41 at the notch 42, allowing seepage to flow into the through holes 41 along the gap. The gap provides an entry channel for seepage to directly enter the guide holes 41, ensuring that seepage quickly flows into the guide holes 41 from the joint of the plates, avoiding surface erosion caused by seepage retention.

[0029] In some embodiments, the cast-in-place beam 20 is pre-embedded with vertically upward-extending reinforcing bars 21, and a cast-in-place roof 60 is poured outside the reinforcing bars 21, outside the spacer formwork 50, and above the top slab 40. Utilizing the continuity and integrity of the cast-in-place roof 60, the top slab 40 and the cast-in-place beam 20 are anchored into a rigid whole, enhancing the roof's earthquake and deformation resistance. Simultaneously, the cast-in-place roof 60, by covering the joint gaps of the top slab 40 and the edges of the drainage ditch 30, eliminates the risk of water seepage caused by local displacement of the slab, ensuring the long-term stability of the drainage paths of the drainage holes 41 and the drainage ditch 30. The cast-in-place roof 60 is framed by steel bars 21. After the concrete is poured, it forms a continuous structural layer covering the roof slab 40. By wrapping the edges and joints of the roof slab 40, it restrains the lateral displacement of the slab and disperses the load stress. The vertical anchorage design of the steel bars 21 and the cast-in-place beam 20 further transfers the load of the cast-in-place roof 60 to the building wall 10, avoiding the loosening or cracking of the roof slab 40 due to uneven local stress. Thus, while improving the structural stability, it maintains the directional drainage function of the guide hole 41 and the guide ditch 30.

[0030] It should be noted that the size design of the gaps allows for smooth inflow of seepage while preventing excessive filling of the drainage holes 41 with concrete during the pouring of the cast-in-place roof 60, thus ensuring the integrity of the drainage path. Even if the cast-in-place roof 60 completely fills the gaps between the roof slabs 40, micro-cracks may appear inside due to thermal expansion and contraction or stress. In this case, seepage water can penetrate along the cracks to the gap filling area of ​​the roof slab 40. Since the outer wall of the roof slab 40 and the inner wall of the drainage holes 41 at the notch 42 are equipped with waterproof structures, the seepage water cannot penetrate the roof slab 40 body. Instead, it is guided to the entrance of the drainage holes 41 through the capillary pores or cracks on the contact surface between the cast-in-place roof 60 and the roof slab 40, and then flows into the drainage holes 41 along the preset path and finally into the drainage ditch 30.

[0031] In some embodiments, the notch creates a C-shaped groove in the guide hole 41, with waterproof structures provided in the C-shaped groove, above the top plate 40, and on its outer wall. The open side of the C-shaped groove provides a clear inlet for seepage, and the arc-shaped inner wall of the groove guides the seepage water to quickly flow into the guide hole 41. Simultaneously, a waterproof coating is applied to the inner wall of the C-shaped groove, the upper surface of the top plate 40, and the outer wall, physically preventing direct contact between the seepage water and the plate itself. This prevents seepage water from penetrating into the interior or building wall 10 through capillary pores or joints on the surface of the top plate 40, ensuring that seepage water can only flow along the pre-designed guide hole 41. When seepage water penetrates through cracks or pores in the cast-in-place roof 60 to the surface of the top plate 40, the waterproof coating on the upper surface and outer wall of the top plate 40 prevents the seepage water from spreading laterally or penetrating into the plate. Instead, it enters the guide hole 41 along the open side of the C-shaped groove.

[0032] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the drainage ditch 30 is an inverted trapezoid, and the inner wall of the drainage ditch 30 is provided with a waterproof structure. The enlarged opening of the trapezoidal cross-section enhances the receiving area for seepage water discharged through the drainage hole 41, reducing the risk of water splashing or overflow. Simultaneously, the narrowing structure at the bottom of the inverted trapezoid concentrates the water flow velocity, improving the drainage efficiency of the drainage ditch 30. The inner wall of the drainage ditch 30 is coated with a waterproof coating, which functions to prevent seepage water from penetrating through the side wall of the drainage ditch 30 into the cast-in-place beam 20 or the building wall 10, avoiding concrete erosion or structural strength reduction due to long-term water accumulation. The principle is that after seepage water flows into the drainage ditch 30 from the drainage hole 41, it is guided to the bottom by the inverted trapezoidal cross-section and accelerates its flow to the external drainage pipe through the narrowing channel at the bottom. The inverted trapezoidal opening design ensures rapid reception of seepage water, while the waterproof coating on the inner wall reduces the contact time between seepage water and the ditch wall through its hydrophobic properties, preventing water stains or capillary penetration. The combination of the two optimizes the drainage capacity of the diversion ditch 30 and protects the structural integrity of the cast beam 20 through physical barriers, achieving the dual goals of long-term seepage prevention and efficient drainage.

[0033] In some embodiments, the lower edge of the top plate 40 extends above the drainage ditch 30 to prevent seepage from adhering to the wall. The partial coverage of the drainage ditch 30 by the edge of the top plate 40 creates a seepage flow transition zone, preventing seepage from directly contacting the outer wall of the drainage ditch 30 or the building wall 10 after discharge from the drainage hole 41. This prevents seepage from stagnating on the ditch wall or the edge of the plate due to surface tension or gravity, i.e., "hanging on the wall." After discharge from the drainage hole 41, the seepage is guided by the extended edge of the top plate 40 and falls directly into the central area of ​​the drainage ditch 30. The spacing between the extended edge and the drainage ditch 30 allows the seepage to flow freely while physically blocking direct contact between the seepage and the ditch wall or building wall 10, preventing seepage adhesion and stagnation.

[0034] In some embodiments, a guide plate 43 extending into the drainage channel 30 is provided at the lower edge of the top plate 40. Through the physical extension structure of the guide plate 43, the seepage is directly guided from the outlet of the guide hole 41 of the top plate 40 to the bottom center area of ​​the drainage channel 30, preventing the seepage from adhering to the sidewall of the drainage channel 30 or the edge surface of the top plate 40 due to gravity or airflow disturbance. After flowing out of the guide hole 41, the seepage flows downward along the inclined or flat surface of the guide plate 43. Due to the limiting effect of the end of the guide plate 43 embedded in the drainage channel 30, the seepage is precisely guided into the bottom drainage channel of the drainage channel 30. The coverage area of ​​the guide plate 43 effectively isolates the seepage from contact with the sidewall of the drainage channel 30 and the edge of the top plate 40. Combined with the waterproof coating on the inner wall of the drainage channel 30 and the accelerated drainage characteristics of the inverted trapezoidal cross-section, it ensures that the seepage is quickly discharged after concentration, completely eliminating the risk of seepage retention or secondary infiltration.

[0035] In the embodiments, the waterproof structure includes, but is not limited to, waterproof coatings, stainless steel plates, and multiple waterproof structures shared by one another. Through diverse waterproofing methods, suitable waterproofing solutions are provided for different seepage environments (such as acid and alkali corrosion or mechanical wear). For example, the stainless steel plate directly blocks seepage from eroding the drainage channel 30 or the drainage plate 40 through its own corrosion resistance, while the waterproof coating blocks the capillary permeation path through its hydrophobic properties. Both serve the long-term integrity of the seepage drainage path.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A waterproofing structure for houses, characterized in that, Includes a building wall (10) and a cast beam (20) cast on top of it, wherein at least one drainage channel (30) is provided around the cast beam (20), and at least one end of the drainage channel (30) is connected to an external drainage pipe; Multiple top plates (40) are placed on top of the cast beam (20). The top plates (40) have multiple through-holes (41) along their length. The mating ends of adjacent top plates (40) are provided with matching notches (42), so that the through-holes (41) of two adjacent top plates (40) are connected through the notches (42). The seepage entering the through-holes (41) is guided to the drainage ditch (30) and then discharged.

2. The house waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The inner wall of the diversion ditch (30) is provided with a spacer template (50), which extends inward and is placed on the edge of the top plate (40) to prevent the diversion ditch (30) from being filled by pouring.

3. The house waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The cast beam (20) is pre-embedded with vertically upward extending steel bars (21), and a cast-in-place roof (60) is poured outside the steel bars (21), outside the spacer formwork (50) and above the top plate (40).

4. The house waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The opening of the notch makes the guide hole (41) a C-shaped groove, wherein a waterproof structure is provided in the C-shaped groove, above the top plate (40) and on the outer wall.

5. The house waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The cross-section of the guide channel (30) is an inverted trapezoid, and the inner wall of the guide channel (30) is provided with a waterproof structure.

6. The house waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The lower edge of the top plate (40) extends above the drainage ditch (30) to prevent seepage from adhering to the wall.

7. The house waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The top plate (40) is provided with a diversion plate (43) extending into the diversion channel (30) at the lower edge.

8. The house waterproofing structure according to claim 1, wherein The splicing of two adjacent top plates (40) leaves a gap to correspond to the guide hole (41) at the notch (42), so that the seepage flows into the through hole (41) along the gap.

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