A rockfall protection structure for cave entrances

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of bridge construction equipment technology, specifically to a rockfall protection structure for tunnel entrances. It includes a fixed base for fixed connection to the foundation; a drum rotatably connected to the fixed base; a rubber buffer layer with one end connected to the drum; several connecting pieces spaced along the edge of the rubber buffer layer; a fixed anchor rod for fixed connection to the foundation; an energy-dissipating ring disposed between the rubber buffer layer and the fixed anchor rod, the ring comprising a spiral tube and a sleeve, the spiral tube being spirally wound around the perimeter, and the sleeve being fitted at the intersection of the spiral tubes; and a connecting rope, one end of which is connected to a connecting piece, and the other end of which passes through the spiral tube and connects to the fixed anchor rod. This utility model overcomes the technical problems of existing technologies where the deployment and retrieval of blasting blocks are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and easily damaged during blasting, resulting in high operating costs and slowing down foundation construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of bridge construction equipment technology, and in particular to a rockfall protection structure for tunnel entrances. Background Technology

[0002] The arch foundations of arch bridges involve various structural forms, such as monopile embedded foundations, spread foundations, and foundations combining large-section inclined and vertical pile foundations. Foundation excavation is carried out using the drill-and-blast method. During blasting excavation of monopile embedded foundations, large-section inclined and vertical pile foundations, a large amount of flyrock is generated at the opening. To prevent flyrock from damaging the construction platform at the opening and the construction equipment deployed on it, blasting blankets made of woven rubber sheets are usually used for protection at the opening. However, these methods all have the following problems: (1) The blasting cover can easily be damaged during blasting because it only consumes energy by its own deformation. This can lead to the failure of its function to protect against flying rocks, allowing flying rocks to directly impact the construction platform and the construction equipment on it, thus causing safety accidents. On the other hand, it also requires the staff to frequently replace the blasting cover, which increases the hardware cost of the blasting cover and slows down the construction progress.

[0003] (2) Before and after each blast, multiple construction workers are needed to deploy and tidy up the blasting material, which will increase the single cycle time of foundation excavation and reduce construction efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the technical problems in the prior art where the deployment and retrieval of blasting blocks are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and they are easily damaged during blasting, resulting in high usage costs and slowing down the progress of foundation construction. This utility model provides a structure for protecting against flying rocks at the entrance of a tunnel.

[0005] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a rockfall protection structure for openings, comprising a fixed base for fixed connection to a foundation; a drum rotatably connected to the fixed base; a rubber buffer layer, one end of which is connected to the drum; a plurality of connectors spaced apart along the edge of the rubber buffer layer; a fixed anchor rod for fixed connection to the foundation; an energy-dissipating ring disposed between the rubber buffer layer and the fixed anchor rod, the energy-dissipating ring comprising a spiral tube and a sleeve, the spiral tube being spirally wound around the surface, and the sleeve being fitted at the intersection of the spiral tube; and a connecting rope, one end of which is connected to a connector, and the other end of which passes through the spiral tube and is connected to the fixed anchor rod.

[0006] In this scheme, the flyrock protection structure at the opening is constructed by first fixing the fixed base to the top of the foundation and then fixing the fixed anchor rods along the edge of the foundation. The rubber buffer layer is then connected to the fixed anchor rods via connecting ropes, allowing the rubber buffer layer to cover the opening of the foundation. When flyrock is generated during blasting and impacts the rubber buffer layer, in addition to the elastic deformation of the rubber buffer layer itself, the energy-absorbing ring also deforms. This means that the rubber buffer layer and the energy-absorbing ring work together to dissipate the kinetic energy of the flyrock, dispersing it within the rubber buffer layer and the energy-absorbing ring. This significantly reduces the peak impact force on the rubber buffer layer and the energy-absorbing ring, thereby increasing their service life, reducing the replacement frequency and corresponding hardware costs, and minimizing the negative impact of replacing the rubber buffer layer and the energy-absorbing ring on foundation construction.

[0007] Meanwhile, this solution also connects the rubber buffer layer to a rotatable drum. Rotating the drum allows the rubber buffer layer to be wound onto or unloaded, enabling rapid winding and deployment of the rubber buffer layer. This helps reduce the labor costs required for winding and deploying the rubber buffer layer and further improves the efficiency of foundation construction.

[0008] Preferably, a wire mesh is also provided on the side of the rubber buffer layer facing away from the fixed anchor rod.

[0009] This design incorporates an additional layer of wire mesh behind the rubber buffer layer. In the event of a rupture or failure of the rubber buffer layer, the wire mesh can serve as a backup structure, replacing the rubber buffer layer to block flying stones, thereby further enhancing the safety of this design.

[0010] Preferably, a waterproof membrane is also provided on the side of the wire mesh facing away from the rubber buffer layer.

[0011] Since the rubber buffer layer itself is not waterproof, this solution adds a waterproof layer on the back of the wire mesh as a rainproof measure.

[0012] Preferably, a hot-melt washer is fixed to the side of the rubber buffer layer facing the waterproof membrane, and the waterproof membrane and the hot-melt washer are hot-melted together.

[0013] This solution provides one method for fixing the waterproof membrane to the rubber buffer layer.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a rubber pad layer, which is used to be set on the upper surface of the construction platform, and the upper surface of the rubber pad layer is covered with a protective steel plate.

[0015] If a flying stone accidentally passes through the rubber buffer layer, it can damage the important construction platform and endanger the construction equipment on it. Therefore, this solution involves installing a protective steel plate and a rubber pad on the upper surface of the construction platform. This can transform the instantaneous rigid impact between the flying stone and the construction platform into a long-term flexible impact between the flying stone and the protective steel plate, thereby significantly reducing the damage caused by flying stones to the construction platform.

[0016] Preferably, the rubber padding layer includes several rubber tires.

[0017] This solution can reduce the manufacturing cost of the rubber pad layer.

[0018] Preferably, at least one end of the drum is also connected to a rotating handle.

[0019] This solution allows construction workers to easily rotate the drum manually.

[0020] Preferably, the connector includes a connecting plate, a connecting bolt, and a connecting ring. At least two connecting plates are located on opposite sides of the rubber buffer layer. The connecting bolt passes through the two connecting plates and the rubber buffer layer to connect the two connecting plates to each other. The connecting ring is located at the end of the connecting bolt facing the fixed anchor rod, and the corresponding end of the connecting rope passes through the connecting ring.

[0021] This solution provides one specific connector structure. By clamping the rubber buffer layer with a connecting plate, the contact area between the connector and the rubber buffer layer can be increased, thereby reducing the maximum stress at the connection between the rubber buffer layer and the connector and reducing the risk of local tearing of the rubber buffer layer at the connection between it and the connector.

[0022] The connecting ring can prevent the connecting rope from rubbing against sharp surfaces, thus ensuring the safety and reliability of the connection.

[0023] Preferably, a connecting ring is provided on the section of the fixed anchor bolt facing the rubber buffer layer, and the corresponding end of the connecting rope is threaded through the connecting ring.

[0024] This solution involves installing connecting rings on the fixed anchor bolts for threading connecting ropes, which avoids wear caused by friction between the connecting ropes and sharp surfaces, thus ensuring the safe and reliable connection of the connecting ropes.

[0025] Preferably, the connecting rope includes a steel wire rope.

[0026] This solution ensures the strength of the connecting rope and guarantees a reliable connection between the rubber buffer layer and the fixed anchor rod.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This invention provides a rockfall protection structure for openings. By connecting a rubber buffer layer to a rotatable drum and installing an energy-dissipating ring between the rubber buffer layer and a fixed anchor, the rubber buffer layer and the energy-dissipating ring can work together to dissipate the kinetic energy of the flying rock. This significantly reduces the peak impact force on the rubber buffer layer and the energy-dissipating ring, thereby improving their service life, reducing the replacement frequency and corresponding hardware costs, and minimizing the negative impact of replacing the rubber buffer layer and the energy-dissipating ring on foundation construction. Furthermore, this solution enables rapid packing and deployment of the rubber buffer layer, reducing the labor costs required for packing and deployment, and further improving the efficiency of foundation construction. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a side view of a rockfall protection structure for a tunnel entrance according to the present invention. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point A; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of a rockfall protection structure for a hole opening according to this utility model; icon: 1-Fixing base; 11-Expansion bolt; 2-Drum; 21-Rotating handle; 31-Rubber buffer layer; 32-Wire mesh; 33-Waterproof membrane; 41-Fixed anchor bolt; 42-Connecting rope; 43-Connecting ring; 44-Connecting clamp; 45-Connecting bolt; 51 - Spiral pipe; 52 - Sleeve; 61-Rubber padding layer; 62-Protective steel plate; 7 - Foundation; 8 - Construction platform. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of this utility model is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the utility model solution or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0031] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0033] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "several", "multiple", and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "equipped with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0035] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a rockfall protection structure for tunnel entrances includes a fixed base 1, a drum 2, a rubber buffer layer 31, a fixed anchor rod 41, an energy-dissipating ring, and a connecting rope 42. The fixed base 1 is fixedly connected to the top of the foundation 7, and the drum 2 is rotatably connected to the fixed base 1. The upper end of the rubber buffer layer 31 is connected to the drum 2, and several connecting pieces are distributed at intervals along the edge of the rubber buffer layer 31. The fixed anchor rod 41 is fixedly connected to the foundation 7. The energy-dissipating ring includes a spiral tube 51 and a sleeve 52. The spiral tube 51 is spirally wound, and the two ends of the spiral tube 51 extend in two directions from the tangent direction of the spiral structure. The sleeve 52 is fitted at the intersection of the spiral tube 51 to maintain the spiral shape of the spiral tube 51. One end of the connecting rope 42 is connected to the connecting piece, and the other end of the connecting rope 42 passes through the spiral tube 51 and is connected to the fixed anchor rod 41.

[0036] exist Figures 1 to 4 The orientation in this embodiment is also marked using a spatial rectangular coordinate system, where the Z-axis represents the height direction, that is, the up and down direction of the foundation 7; the X-axis and Y-axis represent the horizontal direction, and the Y-axis represents the left and right direction of the foundation 7 and the rubber buffer layer 31.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the mounting base 1 is fixedly connected to the foundation 7 by expansion bolts 11.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, at least one end of the reel 2 is also connected to a rotating handle 21.

[0039] In an alternative embodiment, the rubber buffer layer 31 may be an existing blasting layer, i.e., a planar structure woven from intersecting rubber strips.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, a wire mesh 32 is also provided on the side of the rubber buffer layer 31 facing away from the fixed anchor rod 41. It should be noted that the wire mesh 32 is provided on the side of the rubber buffer layer 31 facing away from the fixed anchor rod 41 only to indicate the position of the wire mesh 32. However, the wire mesh 32 can be directly connected to the rubber buffer layer 31, or it can be connected to the fixed anchor rod 41 by a connecting rope 42, just like the rubber buffer layer 31.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, a waterproof membrane 33 is also provided on the side of the wire mesh 32 facing away from the rubber buffer layer 31; the waterproof membrane 33 can be connected to either the wire mesh 32 or the rubber buffer layer 31. The waterproof membrane 33 is only used for waterproofing and does not bear any load, so when connecting the waterproof membrane 33, extra space should be reserved for the deformation of the buffer rubber layer.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, a hot melt washer is connected to the side of the buffer rubber layer facing the waterproof membrane 33 by a stud, and the waterproof membrane 33 is hot melt connected to the hot melt washer by a hot melt gun.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the fixed anchor bolts 41 may be distributed at one or more of the following locations: the top of the foundation 7, the left and right sides of the foundation 7, and the bottom of the foundation 7. It should be noted that in order to prevent the fixed seat 1 and the drum 2 from being impacted by flying stones, some additional fixed anchor bolts 41 should also be installed at the top of the foundation 7.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the fixed anchor 41 can be an existing product, such as a modified HPB300 plain round steel bar; the specific design dimensions, distribution spacing and drilling diameter of the fixed anchor 41 are determined based on the maximum stress calculated from the blasting flyrock.

[0045] In an optional implementation, the energy dissipation ring may have one or more turns.

[0046] In an optional implementation, the energy dissipation ring can be an existing product, such as the energy dissipation ring disclosed in Chinese patent CN2387166Y.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, a rubber pad 61 is also included, which is used to be installed on the upper surface of the construction platform 8, and the upper surface of the rubber pad 61 is covered with a protective steel plate 62.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the rubber pad 61 includes a plurality of rubber tires; the rubber tires may be arranged with their axes parallel to the direction of the plumb bob, i.e., laid flat on the construction platform 8.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the rubber pad 61 is greater than or equal to 30 cm.

[0050] In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the protective steel plate 62 is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the connector includes a connecting clamp 44, a connecting bolt 45, and a connecting ring 43. At least two connecting clamps 44 are located on both sides of the rubber buffer layer 31. The connecting bolt 45 passes through the two connecting clamps 44 and the rubber buffer layer 31 to connect the two connecting clamps 44 to each other. The connecting ring 43 is located at the end of the connecting bolt 45 facing the fixed anchor rod 41. The end of the connecting rope 42 near the connector is inserted into the connecting ring 43.

[0052] In an optional embodiment, the material of the connecting clamp 44 is not lower than Q235.

[0053] In an optional embodiment, the length of the connecting clamp 44 is greater than or equal to 500 mm, the width is greater than or equal to 100 mm, the thickness is greater than or equal to 80 mm, and its long side is arranged along the left and right direction of the buffer rubber layer.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, a connecting ring 43 is also provided at one end of the fixed anchor rod 41 facing the rubber buffer layer 31, and the end of the connecting rope 42 near the fixed anchor rod 41 is threaded through the connecting ring 43.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, the connecting rope 42 includes a steel wire rope.

[0056] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a cavity, characterized in that include: A fixing seat (1) is used to fix it to the foundation (7); A drum (2) is rotatably connected to the fixed base (1); A rubber buffer layer (31) is provided, one end of which is connected to the roll (2); several connectors are distributed at intervals along the edge of the rubber buffer layer (31); Fixed anchor (41), the fixed anchor (41) is used to fix the foundation (7); An energy-absorbing ring is disposed between the rubber buffer layer (31) and the fixed anchor rod (41). The energy-absorbing ring includes a spiral tube (51) and a sleeve (52). The spiral tube (51) is spirally wound around the spiral tube, and the sleeve (52) is sleeved at the intersection of the spiral tube (51). A connecting rope (42) is provided, with one end connected to the connector and the other end passing through the spiral tube (51) and connected to the fixed anchor rod (41).

2. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a cavity according to claim 1, wherein The side of the rubber buffer layer (31) facing away from the fixed anchor rod (41) is also provided with a wire mesh (32).

3. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a cavity according to claim 2, wherein The steel wire mesh (32) is also provided with a waterproof plate (33) on the side facing away from the rubber buffer layer (31).

4. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a cavity according to claim 3, wherein A hot melt gasket is fixed to the side of the rubber buffer layer (31) facing the waterproof membrane (33), and the waterproof membrane (33) is hot melt connected to the hot melt gasket.

5. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a cavity according to claim 1, wherein It also includes a rubber pad (61) for setting on the upper surface of the construction platform (8), and the upper surface of the rubber pad (61) is covered with a protective steel plate (62).

6. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a void according to claim 5, wherein The rubber pad (61) includes several rubber tires.

7. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a gorge according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein At least one end of the reel (2) is also connected to a rotating handle (21).

8. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a gorge according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The connector includes a connecting clamp (44), a connecting bolt (45), and a connecting ring (43). At least two connecting clamps (44) are located on both sides of the rubber buffer layer (31). The connecting bolt (45) passes through the two connecting clamps (44) and the rubber buffer layer (31) to connect the two connecting clamps (44) to each other. The connecting ring (43) is located at one end of the connecting bolt (45) facing the fixed anchor rod (41). The corresponding end of the connecting rope (42) is inserted into the connecting ring (43).

9. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a gorge according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein A connecting ring (43) is provided on one end of the fixed anchor rod (41) facing the rubber buffer layer (31), and the corresponding end of the connecting rope (42) is threaded through the connecting ring (43).

10. A structure for protecting against rockfall from a gorge according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The connecting rope (42) includes a steel wire rope.

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