A wind tunnel testing facility with an external rain canopy for buildings

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of wind tunnel testing technology for building canopies, specifically a wind tunnel testing mechanism for an external building canopy. It includes a base, a swing servo motor mounted on the base, a drive shaft connected to the output of the swing servo motor, a hydraulic cylinder connected to the drive shaft, a hydraulic rod at the output of the hydraulic cylinder, a connecting bracket at the top of the hydraulic rod, a roller frame on the connecting bracket, a take-up roller inside the roller frame, a test canopy mounted on the take-up roller, and an angle adjustment component. This mechanism controls the height and placement angle through the swing servo motor and hydraulic cylinder, and adjusts the take-up roller by driving a worm gear and worm wheel through the angle servo motor, thus achieving automated adjustment of the test canopy's angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wind tunnel testing technology for building canopies, specifically a wind tunnel testing mechanism for building external canopies. Background Technology

[0002] Awnings are an integral part of a building structure, located at the building's entrance to provide shade and shelter from rain for pedestrians and to prevent injury from falling objects. Before application, the wind resistance of awnings needs to be pre-tested. Since the use of awnings is affected by various factors such as application height and angle, all factors must be fully considered during wind tunnel testing.

[0003] The existing structures for testing building canopies have the problem that it is difficult to simulate the real installation environment during positioning tests, and it is difficult to make real-time, effective and accurate adjustments to the canopy's tilt angle, height and placement angle, which can easily lead to insufficient test accuracy.

[0004] To address this, this technical solution designs a wind tunnel testing mechanism for building exterior canopies. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wind tunnel testing mechanism for building exterior canopies, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A wind tunnel testing mechanism for an external building canopy is placed in the experimental section inside the wind tunnel testing chamber. One side of the experimental section is connected to a contraction section, a stabilization section, a transition section, and a mixed-flow motor in sequence, while the other side is connected to a diffuser section. The building canopy to be tested is fixed on the wind tunnel testing mechanism for the external building canopy. The mechanism adjusts the tilt angle, height, and placement angle of the canopy to conduct wind tunnel experiments in different states.

[0008] The building external canopy wind tunnel testing mechanism includes a testing mechanism base fixed in the test section area. A swing servo motor is installed on the top of the testing mechanism base. The output end of the swing servo motor is connected to a hydraulic cylinder through a drive shaft. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic rod. A triangular connecting bracket is installed on the top of the hydraulic rod. That is, with the cooperation of the swing servo motor and the hydraulic cylinder, the connecting bracket is controlled to lift and adjust the placement angle.

[0009] An L-shaped roller frame is installed on the top of the connecting bracket. A take-up roller is rotatably connected to the upper inner side of the roller frame through a roller positioning plate. A test rain canopy is wound up on the take-up roller. A rain canopy end plate is installed at the outer end of the test rain canopy. An angle adjustment component is installed at one end of the take-up roller. When adjusting the tilt angle of the test rain canopy, the tilt adjustment component synchronously controls the take-up roller to wind up and release the test rain canopy according to the degree of tilt.

[0010] Rotating rods are installed at both ends of the take-up roller. The rotating rods move through the roller positioning plate, and the top of the roller positioning plate is fixed on the roller frame. One end of the rotating rod is connected to a worm gear, and a worm is meshed on one side of the worm gear. One end of the worm is connected to an inclination servo motor fixed on the roller frame. When the inclination servo motor is started, it drives the worm to rotate, thereby controlling the worm gear to rotate continuously. Then, under the connection of the rotating rod, the take-up roller is controlled to rotate.

[0011] The tilt adjustment assembly includes an L-shaped plate fixed to the bottom of the roller positioning plate. A swing rod is rotatably connected to the horizontal end of the L-shaped plate. A swing block is installed at the end of the swing rod. The end of the swing block is connected to a shaft frame via a rotating shaft. The end of the shaft frame is fixed to the canopy end plate. The swing rod and the L-shaped plate are longitudinally swinging, and the swing block and the shaft frame are horizontally swinging. That is, when the winding roller rotates, the weight of the canopy end plate and the contraction and extension of the test canopy are used to control the swing rod to swing synchronously. During the swing, the test canopy remains taut, thereby realizing the stable and automatic adjustment of the tilt angle of the test canopy and controlling the test canopy to face the air intake side of the experimental section for wind tunnel testing.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0013] By accurately simulating the real building installation environment, we ensure that the test results are consistent with the actual working conditions.

[0014] By coordinating the work of automated components (such as servo motors and hydraulic systems), the canopy's tilt angle, height, and placement angle can be adjusted in real time, effectively, and precisely, avoiding human error and improving testing efficiency and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of a wind tunnel testing facility with an external rain canopy placed in a wind tunnel testing room.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind tunnel testing mechanism with an external canopy for buildings.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a wind tunnel testing mechanism with an external canopy for buildings, taken from a second perspective.

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 1A magnified structural diagram of A in the middle.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of B in the diagram.

[0020] The components include: wind tunnel test chamber 1, mixed-flow motor 2, transition section 3, stabilization section 4, contraction section 5, experimental section 6, diffuser section 7, test mechanism base 10, test canopy 11, roller frame 12, oscillating servo motor 13, hydraulic cylinder 14, reinforcing rod 15, drive shaft 16, fixing ring 17, hydraulic rod 18, canopy end plate 19, connecting bracket 20, take-up roller 21, roller positioning plate 22, worm gear 23, worm 24, tilt servo motor 25, shaft frame 26, oscillating block 27, and oscillating rod 28. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-3A wind tunnel testing mechanism for an external building canopy is placed in the experimental section 6 inside the wind tunnel testing chamber 1. One side of the experimental section 6 is connected to a contraction section 5, a stabilization section 4, a transition section 3, and a mixed-flow motor 2 in sequence, while the other side is connected to a diffuser section 7. The building canopy to be tested is fixed on the wind tunnel testing mechanism for the external building canopy. The mechanism adjusts the tilt angle, height, and placement angle of the canopy to conduct wind tunnel experiments in different states.

[0026] The building external canopy wind tunnel testing mechanism includes a testing mechanism base 10 fixed in the experimental section 6 area. A swing servo motor 13 is installed on the top of the testing mechanism base 10. The output end of the swing servo motor 13 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 14 through a drive shaft 16. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 14 is connected to a hydraulic rod 18. A triangular connecting bracket 20 is installed on the top of the hydraulic rod 18. That is, with the cooperation of the swing servo motor 13 and the hydraulic cylinder 14, the connecting bracket 20 is controlled to lift and adjust the placement angle.

[0027] See Figure 1 , Figures 4-5 An L-shaped roller frame 12 is installed on the top of the connecting bracket 20. A take-up roller 21 is rotatably connected to the upper inner side of the roller frame 12 via a roller positioning plate 22. A test canopy 11 is wound up on the take-up roller 21. A canopy end plate 19 is provided at the outer end of the test canopy 11. An angle adjustment component is provided at one end of the take-up roller 21. When adjusting the tilt angle of the test canopy 11, the angle adjustment component synchronously controls the take-up roller 21 to wind up and release the test canopy 11 according to the degree of tilt.

[0028] The take-up roller 21 is equipped with rotating rods at both ends. The rotating rods move through the roller positioning plate 22. The top of the roller positioning plate 22 is fixed on the roller frame 12. One end of the rotating rod is connected to a worm gear 23. A worm 24 is meshed on one side of the worm gear 23. One end of the worm 24 is connected to an angle servo motor 25 fixed on the roller frame 12. When the angle servo motor 25 is started, it drives the worm 24 to rotate, thereby controlling the worm gear 23 to rotate continuously. Then, under the connection of the rotating rods, the take-up roller 21 is controlled to rotate.

[0029] The tilt adjustment assembly includes an L-shaped plate fixed to the bottom of the roller positioning plate 22. A swing rod 28 is rotatably connected to the horizontal end of the L-shaped plate. A swing block 27 is installed at the end of the swing rod 28. A shaft frame 26 is connected to the end of the swing block 27 through a rotating shaft. The end of the shaft frame 26 is fixed to the canopy end plate 19. The swing rod 28 is longitudinally swinging with the L-shaped plate, and the swing block 27 is horizontally swinging with the shaft frame 26. That is, when the take-up roller 21 rotates, the swing rod 28 is controlled to swing synchronously by the gravity of the canopy end plate 19 and the contraction and extension of the test canopy 11. During the swing, the test canopy 11 remains taut, thereby realizing the stable and automatic adjustment of the tilt angle of the test canopy 11 and controlling the test canopy 11 to face the air inlet side of the experimental section 6 for wind tunnel testing.

[0030] The rain canopy model (or real product) made at a certain scale will be installed on the wind tunnel testing facility for the rain canopy outside the building.

[0031] According to the experimental plan, the tilt angle (angle with the horizontal plane), height (simulating installation on different floors), and placement angle (wind direction angle, i.e., wind blowing from different directions) of the awning can be adjusted through this mechanism.

[0032] Then, wind tunnel test chamber 1 is activated, and the wind speed in test section 6 is adjusted to the target value. The test typically includes a series of wind speeds, from low to high, up to simulating extreme winds (such as typhoons);

[0033] Force measurement: The testing mechanism itself is usually a force balance, which can accurately measure the aerodynamic forces acting on the entire canopy model and decompose them into three components:

[0034] Resistance: The force acting parallel to the direction of the incoming flow (i.e., the force that blows the awning away).

[0035] Lift: A force perpendicular to the direction of the incoming flow (the force that causes the wind to lift the awning upwards or press it down).

[0036] Bending moment: The moment that causes the awning to rotate or twist.

[0037] Pressure measurement: Many small holes are pre-drilled on the surface of the canopy model, and pressure sensors are connected to measure the wind pressure distribution at various points on the surface.

[0038] Flow display: Using technologies such as smoke lines and particle image velocimetry (PIV), the flow can be visually observed as it bypasses the canopy and whether there are complex flow patterns such as separation and vortices.

[0039] The collected force and pressure data are converted into dimensionless coefficients (such as drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and pressure coefficient), which are independent of model size and wind speed, making analysis and comparison with design standards easier.

[0040] Specifically, a fixing ring 17 is fitted on the outside of the hydraulic cylinder 14. Multiple reinforcing rods 15 are installed at equal intervals in a ring at the bottom of the fixing ring 17. The bottom ends of the reinforcing rods 15 are fixed on the base 10 of the test mechanism to increase the support force on the hydraulic cylinder 14, that is, to keep the swing servo motor 13 controlling the drive shaft 16 to drive the hydraulic cylinder 14 to rotate stably.

[0041] In this embodiment of the utility model, the test mechanism base 10 is provided with multiple mounting holes, which, together with bolts and other structures, fix the test mechanism base 10 in the area of ​​the test section 6.

[0042] In one embodiment of this utility model, the operation process and principle of the mixed-flow motor 2, transition section 3, stabilization section 4, contraction section 5, experimental section 6, and diffuser section 7 are as follows:

[0043] Mixed-flow motor 2 is the power source. The motor drives the fan (usually axial or mixed-flow type) to rotate, do work on the air, and provide energy to overcome the resistance loss when the airflow flows throughout the wind tunnel and maintain airflow circulation.

[0044] The transition section 3 serves as a guide and connection: it connects the mixed-flow motor 2 and the stabilizing section 4. Its shape is specially designed to smoothly guide the rotation of the fan outlet and the uneven airflow to the stabilizing section, reducing the generation of eddies and avoiding energy loss.

[0045] The stabilizing section 4 is for rectification and flow stabilization: it acts as a "dressing table" for the airflow. It contains a honeycomb structure and a damping mesh.

[0046] A honeycomb (a dense array of hexagonal or square tubes): cuts large-scale vortices into smaller-scale vortices and directs the airflow direction parallel to the wind tunnel axis.

[0047] Damping mesh (multi-layered metal wire mesh): further attenuates small-scale turbulence, making the airflow velocity distribution more uniform across the cross section. After this section, the airflow becomes "smooth" and "clean".

[0048] The contraction section 5 is for acceleration and homogenization: it acts as the "nozzle" for the airflow. Its cross-sectional area gradually decreases along the flow direction. According to the continuity theorem (conservation of mass) and Bernoulli's principle (conservation of energy), the airflow is accelerated to the required velocity in this section. At the same time, the careful design of the contraction curve can further improve the uniformity of the airflow and reduce the turbulence, making it a key section for obtaining high-quality experimental airflow.

[0049] Experimental section 6 is the test area: it serves as the "stage" for the wind tunnel, where tests are conducted. The cross-sectional area is constant here, and the airflow velocity is stable. The model under test (building canopy) is placed here, bearing the aerodynamic loads. Experimental sections are typically transparent (e.g., acrylic panels) for easy observation and optical measurements.

[0050] The diffuser section 7 is for deceleration and energy recovery: it acts as a "speed bump" for the airflow. Its cross-sectional area gradually increases along the flow direction, reducing the airflow velocity and converting kinetic energy into pressure energy (a reverse application of Bernoulli's principle). This effectively recovers the kinetic energy of the airflow, reduces the energy consumption required for wind tunnel operation, and improves efficiency.

[0051] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: In the idle part of this device, all the above-mentioned driving components, which refer to power elements, electrical components and matching power supplies, are connected by wires. The electrical components are connected in sequence. The detailed connection method is known in the field. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process, and does not describe the electrical control. The test mechanism is placed in the test section 6 of the wind tunnel test chamber 1. The test section 6 is connected to the contraction section 5, the stabilization section 4, the transition section 3 and the mixed flow motor 2 in sequence on one side, and to the diffuser section 7 on the other side.

[0052] Start the wind tunnel test chamber 1, the mixed flow motor 2 drives the airflow, the airflow flows through the transition section 3 for guidance, the stabilization section 4 for rectification and stabilization, the contraction section 5 for acceleration and homogenization, the experimental section 6 for testing, and the diffusion section 7 for deceleration and energy recovery.

[0053] The test canopy 11 is fixed to the mechanism. The drive shaft 16 is driven by the swing servo motor 13, which drives the hydraulic cylinder 14 and hydraulic rod 18 to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the height of the connecting bracket 20. At the same time, the swing servo motor 13 rotates the drive shaft 16 to control the placement angle of the connecting bracket 20.

[0054] The worm gear 24 is driven by the tilt servo motor 25, which meshes with the worm wheel 23 to rotate, thereby rotating the take-up roller 21 to wind up or release the test canopy 11. The canopy end plate 19 at the outer end of the test canopy 11 is connected to the swing block 27 via the shaft frame 26. The swing block 27 is connected to the swing rod 28, which is rotatably connected to the L-shaped plate at the bottom of the roller positioning plate 22. When the take-up roller 21 rotates, the swing rod 28 is controlled to swing by the winding and stretching of the test canopy 11 and the gravity of the canopy end plate 19, thereby achieving stable adjustment of the tilt angle of the test canopy 11.

[0055] After adjusting the parameters of the canopy, including tilt angle, height, and placement angle, wind tunnel tests were conducted in experimental section 6: the wind speed was adjusted from low to high until extreme winds were simulated; drag, lift, and bending moment were measured using a force balance; the wind pressure distribution on the surface of the canopy 11 was measured using a pressure sensor; and airflow was observed using smoke line or particle image velocimetry.

[0056] After data collection, it is converted into dimensionless coefficients such as drag coefficient and lift coefficient for analysis.

[0057] It should be understood that in this application, all rotating, sliding, meshing, belt-driven and other moving parts are well lubricated and not prone to slippage or wear, and each part is provided with a corresponding protective shell. However, in the accompanying drawings of this application, the connection state of each moving part is not shown. It should also be understood that all parts in this application are made of metal or plastic materials with suitable strength in the relevant field to ensure that their structural rigidity meets the actual requirements.

[0058] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An architectural awning wind tunnel test facility, characterized by, Includes a test mechanism base (10), which is fixed inside the test section (6) of the wind tunnel test chamber (1); The test mechanism base (10) is equipped with a swing servo motor (13) on top. The output end of the swing servo motor (13) is connected to a drive shaft (16). The drive shaft (16) is connected to a hydraulic cylinder (14). The output end of the hydraulic cylinder (14) is connected to a hydraulic rod (18). A triangular connecting bracket (20) is fixed on the top of the hydraulic rod (18). The top of the connecting bracket (20) is equipped with an L-shaped roller frame (12). The inner side of the roller frame (12) is rotatably connected to the take-up roller (21) through the roller positioning plate (22). The take-up roller (21) is provided with a test canopy (11). The outer end of the test canopy (11) is fixed with a canopy end plate (19). It also includes a tilt adjustment assembly, which includes a worm gear (23), a worm (24) and a tilt servo motor (25). The worm gear (23) is fixed on a rotating rod at one end of the take-up roller (21). The worm (24) meshes with the worm gear (23). One end of the worm (24) is connected to the tilt servo motor (25). The tilt servo motor (25) is fixed on the roller frame (12). The tilt adjustment assembly also includes an L-shaped plate, a swing rod (28), a swing block (27), and a shaft frame (26). The L-shaped plate is fixed to the bottom side of the roller positioning plate (22). One end of the swing rod (28) is rotatably connected to the end of the horizontal section of the L-shaped plate. The other end of the swing rod (28) is equipped with the swing block (27). The end of the swing block (27) is connected to the shaft frame (26) through a rotating shaft. The end of the shaft frame (26) is fixed to the canopy end plate (19).

2. The architectural exterior awning wind tunnel test facility of claim 1, wherein, The hydraulic cylinder (14) is fitted with a fixing ring (17) on the outside. Multiple reinforcing rods (15) are installed at equal intervals around the bottom of the fixing ring (17). The bottom ends of the reinforcing rods (15) are fixed to the base (10) of the test mechanism.

3. The architectural exterior awning wind tunnel testing mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The top of the roller positioning plate (22) is fixed on the roller frame (12), and the rotating rods at both ends of the take-up roller (21) move through the roller positioning plate (22).

4. The architectural exterior awning wind tunnel testing mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The swing rod (28) is longitudinally swinging with the L-shaped plate, and the swing block (27) is horizontally swinging with the shaft frame (26).

5. The architectural exterior awning wind tunnel testing mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The test mechanism base (10) has multiple mounting holes and is fixed to the test section (6) by bolts.

6. The architectural exterior awning wind tunnel testing mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The wind tunnel test chamber (1) includes a mixed-flow motor (2), a transition section (3), a stabilization section (4), a contraction section (5), an experimental section (6), and a diffuser section (7) connected in sequence, with the test mechanism placed in the experimental section (6).

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