A multi-functional analog-to-digital extension development module based on analog microwave sensing

Abstract

This utility model discloses a modular multi-functional expansion development module based on analog microwave sensing, belonging to the field of component expansion and application technology. It mainly includes: a microwave sensor emitting microwaves and using microwaves to detect object movement and output a low-frequency signal; a signal amplifier circuit amplifying the low-frequency signal and outputting an amplified signal; a microcontroller receiving the amplified signal and outputting an execution pulse of preset duration after receiving the amplified signal; and a signal output connector, including a first pin to a fifth pin, wherein the first pin connects to the pulse output port of the microcontroller and outputs the execution pulse, the second pin is used to connect to an external power supply, the third pin connects to the low-frequency output port of the microwave sensor and outputs a low-frequency signal, the fourth pin is grounded, and the fifth pin connects to the amplification output port of the signal amplifier circuit and outputs the amplified signal. This utility model realizes customized personalized signal processing links that traditional modules cannot support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of component application technology, specifically to a multi-functional analog-to-digital extension development module based on analog microwave sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Microwave sensing technology, due to its non-contact detection characteristics, is widely used in security, smart homes, and automatic control. Currently, most microwave sensor modules on the market adopt an integrated design, directly outputting switching signals to drive the load through built-in circuitry. However, such modules have significant limitations in practical applications: their single-function nature means users can only obtain processed digital switching signals, unable to simultaneously access the original low-frequency analog signals or intermediate amplified signals, limiting the flexibility of development and debugging, and the space for secondary development; insufficient expandability manifests in the fixed module output interface, typically only reserving power, ground, and switching signal pins, making it impossible to connect external sensitivity adjustment potentiometers to optimize signal amplification parameters in real time, and difficult to be compatible with the level matching requirements of diverse controllers such as relays and MOSFETs; the closed signal processing chain prevents users from intervening in the signal amplification stage, for example, unable to insert custom amplification circuits according to application scenarios, and difficult to dynamically adjust the execution pulse duration of the microcontroller. These shortcomings make existing modules difficult to adapt to complex and ever-changing development needs, especially limiting their application value in scenarios requiring multi-signal monitoring and functional expansion. Utility Model Content

[0003] To adapt to complex and ever-changing development needs, this utility model proposes an analog-to-digital multifunctional extended development module based on analog microwave sensing, comprising:

[0004] A microwave sensor is used to emit microwaves and detect the movement of an object by using the microwaves, and then outputs a corresponding low-frequency signal.

[0005] A signal amplifier circuit is used to amplify low-frequency signals and output an amplified signal.

[0006] The microcontroller is used to receive amplified signals and output execution pulses of preset duration after receiving the amplified signals;

[0007] The signal output connector includes a first pin connector to a fifth pin connector. The first pin connector is connected to the pulse output port of the microcontroller and outputs an execution pulse. The second pin connector is used to connect to an external power supply. The third pin connector is connected to the low-frequency output port of the microwave sensor and outputs a low-frequency signal. The fourth pin connector is grounded. The fifth pin connector is connected to the amplification output port of the signal amplifier circuit and outputs an amplified signal.

[0008] This invention proposes a modular multi-functional extension development module based on analog microwave sensing. It constructs a direct-through channel for the original signal, with the third pin connector directly outputting the native low-frequency signal from the microwave sensor. This allows users to completely bypass the built-in signal amplifier circuit via the third pin connector, connecting external circuits such as custom amplifiers and filters for signal reshaping, achieving personalized signal processing chain customization that traditional modules cannot support. By separating the execution control path, the first pin connector independently outputs the programmable execution pulse of the microcontroller, directly driving the load device through external relays, MOSFETs, and other controllers. Simultaneously, the fifth pin connector retains the built-in amplified signal output, achieving multi-level parallel and mutually exclusive output operation.

[0009] Furthermore, the signal amplifier circuit includes a first signal amplifier and a second signal amplifier, wherein:

[0010] The non-inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to one end of the eighth capacitor, and the other end of the eighth capacitor is connected to a low-frequency signal and grounded through the second capacitor; the inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to the tenth resistor and the fifth capacitor in sequence and grounded; the output pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to the inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier through the sixth capacitor and the fifth resistor in sequence, and is also connected to the inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier through the third capacitor, the third resistor in series and the fourth resistor respectively; the positive power supply pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to the second pin of the signal output connector and grounded through the ninth capacitor; the negative power supply pin of the first signal amplifier is grounded.

[0011] The non-inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier is connected to a low-frequency signal through a twelfth resistor and an eighth capacitor connected in sequence, and is connected to the second pin of the signal output connector through a thirteenth resistor, and is grounded through an eleventh resistor and a first capacitor connected in parallel; the inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier is connected to the output pin of the second signal amplifier through a seventh capacitor, a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series respectively; the output pin of the second signal amplifier is connected to one end of a ninth resistor, which serves as an amplified output port, and is grounded through a fourth capacitor.

[0012] Furthermore, the amplified output terminal adjusts the output amplified signal by connecting a potentiometer.

[0013] Furthermore, the preset duration can be adjusted according to user needs.

[0014] Furthermore, the first pin of the signal output connector is inserted into the controller, and the target movement is controlled by an external controller through the execution pulse control.

[0015] Furthermore, the controller can be any one of a relay, a MOSFET, a reed relay, or an optocoupler.

[0016] Furthermore, the fifth pin of the signal output connector adjusts the amplified output signal by inserting a sensitivity adjustment potentiometer.

[0017] Furthermore, the third pin of the signal output connector amplifies the low-frequency signal on demand by inserting a custom amplifier circuit.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The present invention proposes a modular multi-functional extension development module based on analog microwave sensing, which constructs a direct channel for the original signal. The third pin connector directly outputs the native low-frequency signal of the microwave sensor, allowing users to completely bypass the built-in signal amplifier circuit through the third pin connector and connect to external circuits such as custom amplifiers and filters to reshape the signal, thereby realizing personalized signal processing link customization that traditional modules cannot support.

[0020] (2) Separate execution control path, the first pin connector independently outputs the programmable execution pulse of the microcontroller, and directly drives the load device through external relays, MOSFETs and other controllers. At the same time, the fifth pin connector retains the built-in amplified signal output to realize multi-level output parallel mutual exclusion operation.

[0021] (3) Dynamic intervention nodes are retained, and the built-in amplifier output terminal has an open potentiometer interface to achieve real-time sensitivity calibration, while the execution pulse duration is configured as needed through the microcontroller program. This "signal chain can be cut off + control chain can be reconfigured" design allows a single module to be expanded into a diverse hardware development sandbox for automatic door control, security linkage, intelligent lighting, and other applications. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a modular schematic diagram of an analog-to-digital multifunctional extension development module based on analog microwave sensing.

[0023] Figure 2 A circuit diagram for a signal output connector;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a signal amplifier circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0026] Current microwave sensing modules, limited by their highly integrated design, suffer from three structural defects at the hardware architecture level: First, the physically closed signal link prevents users from accessing the raw low-frequency signal output by the microwave sensor, nor from obtaining the intermediate analog signal output by the signal amplifier. This forces developers to rely solely on the module's final digital switching signal output, severely restricting the ability to customize signal tracing and processing links. Second, interface resources are severely lacking. Traditional modules typically only provide three basic interfaces: power, ground, and switching signals. They lack dedicated pins for external potentiometers to adjust signal amplification parameters in real time, and also lack level matching interfaces compatible with diverse controllers (such as relays and MOSFETs), requiring complex level conversion circuits for module function expansion. Third, the processing stage is fixed and cannot be interfered with. The built-in amplification circuit lacks external access nodes, preventing users from inserting custom amplification / filtering circuits to reconstruct the signal processing flow, and making it difficult to adjust the microcontroller's pulse characteristics at the hardware level through standardized interfaces. These structural defects at the hardware level make existing modules unsuitable for application scenarios requiring multi-level signal monitoring and dynamic reconstruction, such as maker development and industrial prototype verification. To address these issues, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this utility model proposes an analog-to-digital multifunctional extended development module based on analog microwave sensing, comprising:

[0027] A microwave sensor is used to emit microwaves and detect the movement of an object by using the microwaves, and then outputs a corresponding low-frequency signal.

[0028] A signal amplifier circuit is used to amplify low-frequency signals and output an amplified signal.

[0029] The microcontroller is used to receive amplified signals and output execution pulses of preset duration after receiving the amplified signals;

[0030] Signal output connectors (such as...) Figure 2 As shown, it includes a first pin connector to a fifth pin connector. The first pin connector is connected to the pulse output port of the microcontroller and outputs an execution pulse (MCU output). The second pin connector is used to connect to an external power supply (3V or 5V as required). The third pin connector is connected to the low-frequency output port of the microwave sensor and outputs a low-frequency signal (Sensor IF). The fourth pin connector is grounded. The fifth pin connector is connected to the amplification output port of the signal amplifier circuit and outputs an amplified signal (Amplification circuit).

[0031] The microwave sensor, as the core detection unit, emits a continuously modulated wave according to its built-in frequency band, capturing the phase shift caused by moving targets through the Doppler effect. Its directly output low-frequency signal (typically 0.1-300Hz) carries the original displacement characteristic information. Traditional modules directly input this signal into a closed amplification link, preventing developers from accessing the underlying sensor data. This invention, however, establishes a direct path for the original signal at the physical layer: the sensor's low-frequency output is directly connected to a third pin connector, forming an unprocessed signal output node. This design allows developers to bypass the built-in processing link and directly acquire the raw signal through an external high-precision instrumentation amplifier (such as INA128) or digital acquisition unit (such as an ADC+MCU combination). Especially in the security field, users can also connect a custom band-stop filter to eliminate specific environmental interference (such as fan blade noise) or superimpose a lock-in amplifier circuit in industrial scenarios to extract weak motion signals. This open signal path fundamentally solves the problem of limited application scenarios caused by the fixed signal link in traditional modules.

[0032] The built-in signal amplifier circuit in the extended development module employs a two-stage asymmetric amplification design: the first stage uses a transconductance amplifier to form a high-pass filter network, eliminating sensor DC offset through a capacitor-resistor composite feedback topology; the second stage is based on an adjustable gain inverting amplifier, utilizing a parallel RC network for low-pass filtering. A dynamic intervention node is also incorporated: a potentiometer interface can be set at the output of the second-stage amplifier, connecting an external 20kΩ linear potentiometer (with a 1-2kΩ current-limiting resistor in series) via the fifth pin connector to form a gain feedback loop. Rotating the potentiometer clockwise increases the feedback resistance, linearly increasing the gain and extending the detection distance. Developers can calibrate the sensitivity in real time according to the installation environment, for example, lowering the gain in automatic door applications to avoid false triggering, or increasing the gain in security scenarios to enhance long-distance detection capabilities. Simultaneously, this interface is compatible with external digital potentiometers (such as the DS1803), enabling remote sensitivity control by the MCU and providing a hardware foundation for centralized control in smart homes. The specific circuit connection method of this signal amplifier circuit is as follows... Figure 3 As shown, it includes a first signal amplifier (U1A) and a second signal amplifier (U1B):

[0033] The non-inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier (U1A) is connected to one end of the eighth capacitor (C8), and the other end of the eighth capacitor (C8) is connected to a low-frequency signal and grounded through the second capacitor (C2). The inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier (U1A) is connected to the tenth resistor (R10) and the fifth capacitor (C5) in sequence and grounded. The output pin of the first signal amplifier (U1A) is connected to the inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier (U1B) through the sixth capacitor (C6) and the fifth resistor (C5) in sequence, and is connected to the inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier (U1A) through the third capacitor (C3), the third resistor (R3) in series and the fourth resistor (R4) respectively. The positive power supply pin of the first signal amplifier (U1A) is connected to the second pin of the signal output connector and grounded through the ninth capacitor (C9). The negative power supply pin of the first signal amplifier (U1A) is grounded.

[0034] The non-inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier (U1B) is connected to a low-frequency signal via a twelfth resistor (R12) and an eighth capacitor (C8) connected in sequence, and is connected to the second pin of the signal output connector via a thirteenth resistor (R13). It is grounded via an eleventh resistor (R11) and a first capacitor (C1) connected in parallel. The inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier (U1B) is connected to the output pin of the second signal amplifier (U1B) via a seventh capacitor (C7), a first resistor (R1) connected in series, and a second resistor (R2) connected in series. The output pin of the second signal amplifier (U1B) is connected to one end of a ninth resistor (R9), which serves as the amplified output port, and is grounded via a fourth capacitor (C4).

[0035] The microcontroller unit adopts an event-driven architecture: when the amplified signal exceeds the dynamic threshold, a high-level pulse of preset duration (default 1 second, adjustable via programming) is triggered. This pulse is output independently through the first connector, and its physical isolation ensures that the drive logic and signal processing link do not interfere with each other. This design forms a control layer expansion channel: users can connect external optocouplers (or controllers such as relays, MOSFETs, reed relays, etc.) to drive AC relays to control automatic door motors, or connect MOSFET modules to adjust LED lighting brightness. More importantly, the third connector and the first connector can also form a collaborative mechanism—developers can connect the raw signal to an external MCU for algorithm processing (such as motion trajectory recognition), and simultaneously feed the processing result back to the first connector to drive the actuator, realizing a bidirectional control closed loop that traditional modules cannot support.

[0036] Since the extended development module proposed in this utility model has integrated multiple output functions such as motion detection, signal amplification circuit and microcontroller, users only need to connect an external power supply through the second pin of the signal output connector, plus a potentiometer and an indicator light tube, to form a complete automatic door sensor.

[0037] In summary, the present invention proposes a modular multi-functional extension development module based on analog microwave sensing. By constructing a direct-through channel for the original signal and using the third pin connector to directly output the native low-frequency signal of the microwave sensor, users can completely bypass the built-in signal amplifier circuit through the third pin connector and connect external circuits such as custom amplifiers and filters to reshape the signal, thus realizing personalized signal processing link customization that traditional modules cannot support.

[0038] By separating the execution control path, the programmable execution pulse of the microcontroller is independently output using the first pin connector, and the load device is directly driven by the external relay, MOSFET and other controllers. At the same time, the built-in amplified signal output is retained using the fifth pin connector, realizing multi-level output parallel and mutually exclusive operation.

[0039] By retaining dynamic intervention nodes and enabling real-time sensitivity calibration through an open potentiometer interface at the built-in amplifier output, the execution pulse duration is configured as needed via a microcontroller program. This "signal chain truncation + control chain reconfigurability" design allows a single module to be expanded into a diverse hardware development sandbox for applications such as automatic door control, security linkage, and smart lighting.

[0040] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0041] Furthermore, in this utility model, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "a" is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0042] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixing" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. An analog microwave sensor based analog-digital multi-functional expansion development module, characterized by, include: A microwave sensor is used to emit microwaves and detect the movement of an object by using the microwaves, and then outputs a corresponding low-frequency signal. A signal amplifier circuit is used to amplify low-frequency signals and output an amplified signal. The microcontroller is used to receive amplified signals and output execution pulses of preset duration after receiving the amplified signals; The signal output connector includes a first pin connector to a fifth pin connector. The first pin connector is connected to the pulse output port of the microcontroller and outputs an execution pulse. The second pin connector is used to connect to an external power supply. The third pin connector is connected to the low-frequency output port of the microwave sensor and outputs a low-frequency signal. The fourth pin connector is grounded. The fifth pin connector is connected to the amplification output port of the signal amplifier circuit and outputs an amplified signal.

2. An analog microwave sensor based ADFEM development module as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The signal amplifier circuit includes a first signal amplifier and a second signal amplifier, wherein: The non-inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to one end of the eighth capacitor, and the other end of the eighth capacitor is connected to a low-frequency signal and grounded through the second capacitor; the inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to the tenth resistor and the fifth capacitor in sequence and grounded; the output pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to the inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier through the sixth capacitor and the fifth resistor in sequence, and is connected to the inverting input pin of the first signal amplifier through the third capacitor, the third resistor in series and the fourth resistor respectively; the positive power supply pin of the first signal amplifier is connected to the second pin of the signal output connector and grounded through the ninth capacitor; the negative power supply pin of the first signal amplifier is grounded; the non-inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier is connected to a low-frequency signal through the twelfth resistor and the eighth capacitor in sequence, and is connected to the second pin of the signal output connector through the thirteenth resistor, and grounded through the eleventh resistor and the first capacitor in parallel; the inverting input pin of the second signal amplifier is connected to the output pin of the second signal amplifier through the seventh capacitor, the first resistor in series and the second resistor respectively; the output pin of the second signal amplifier is connected to one end of the ninth resistor, which serves as the amplified output port and is grounded through the fourth capacitor.

3. An analog microwave sensor based ADFEM development module as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The fifth pin connector adjusts the amplified output signal via a potentiometer.

4. An analog microwave sensor based ADFEM development module as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The preset duration can be adjusted according to user needs.

5. An analog microwave sensor based ADFEM development module as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first pin of the signal output connector is inserted into the controller, and the external controller is controlled by the execution pulse to move the target.

6. An analog microwave sensor based ADFEM development module as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The controller can be any one of a relay, MOSFET, reed relay, or optocoupler.

7. An analog microwave sensor based ADFEM development module as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The fifth pin of the signal output connector adjusts the amplified output signal by inserting a sensitivity adjustment potentiometer.

8. An analog microwave sensor based ADFEM development module as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The third pin of the signal output connector amplifies the low-frequency signal as needed by inserting a custom amplifier circuit.

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