用于电源管理系统的保护电路以及电源管理系统

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By employing recoverable circuits and voltage monitoring circuits in the power management system, and utilizing MOSFETs and voltage comparators to achieve fast short-circuit protection and fault self-recovery, the problems of high cost and slow response in existing technologies are solved, thereby improving the system's stability and power supply continuity.

CN224520647UActive Publication Date: 2026-07-17SHANGHAI XUANYI NEW ENERGY DEV CO LTD

Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office: CN · China
Patent Type: Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner: SHANGHAI XUANYI NEW ENERGY DEV CO LTD
Filing Date: 2025-07-23
Publication Date: 2026-07-17

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing short-circuit protection solutions are costly, have difficulty responding quickly to micro-short-circuit faults, affect power supply continuity, and shorten system lifespan.

Method used

It employs a recoverable circuit and a voltage monitoring circuit, utilizes MOSFETs and voltage comparators to achieve fast short-circuit protection, and automatically restores the system output after the fault is removed, simplifying the circuit structure and reducing costs.

Benefits of technology

It enables rapid response to short-circuit faults, simplifies the fault removal process, improves system stability and power supply continuity, and reduces costs.

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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种用于电源管理系统的保护电路和电源管理系统。保护电路包括：输入端、输出端，输出端用于向负载提供电能；可恢复电路，包括第一电阻和第一MOS管；电压监测电路，用于监测输出端的端口电压，端口电压和第一MOS管响应于负载是否发生短路故障；主电路，包括电压比较器和第二MOS管，电压比较器的负输入端与电压监测电路连接，电压比较器的正输入端用于接收恒定基准电压，电压比较器的输出端与第二MOS管的栅极连接，以使第二MOS管处于可变电阻区或截止区，从而确定电源管理系统能否向负载提供电能。该保护电路能快速响应短路故障，并实现故障移除自恢复功能，使得电源管理系统具有较好的稳定性和连续性。

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Claims

1. A protection circuit for a power management system, characterized by, include: The system includes an input terminal for receiving electrical energy from the power management system and an output terminal for supplying electrical energy to the load to enable the load to operate. A recoverable circuit includes a first resistor and a first MOSFET. One end of the first resistor is connected to the input terminal, the other end of the first resistor is connected to the input terminal of the first MOSFET, and the output terminal of the first MOSFET is connected to the output terminal. A voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the port voltage of the output terminal. The port voltage and the first MOSFET respond to whether a short circuit fault occurs in the load. One end of the voltage monitoring circuit is connected to the output terminal, and the other end of the voltage monitoring circuit is grounded. The main circuit includes a voltage comparator and a second MOSFET. The negative input terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the voltage monitoring circuit, and the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator is used to receive a constant reference voltage. The output terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET so that the second MOSFET is in the variable resistance region or the cutoff region, thereby determining whether the power management system can provide power to the load. The input terminal of the second MOSFET is connected to the input terminal, and the output terminal of the second MOSFET is connected to the output terminal and the load, respectively.

2. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein, The recoverable circuit also includes a transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the input terminal and one end of the first resistor, the base of which is connected to the other end of the first resistor and the input terminal of the first MOS transistor, and the collector of which is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor. The first MOS transistor is determined to be in the saturation region or the variable resistance region based on whether the transistor is on or off.

3. The protection circuit of claim 2, wherein, When the load is in the operating state, the transistor is off, the first MOSFET is in the variable resistance region, the voltage at the output terminal is equal to the voltage at the input terminal, the voltage at the negative input terminal of the voltage comparator is greater than the voltage at the positive input terminal, the voltage comparator outputs a low level, and the second MOSFET is in the variable resistance region; and / or, when the load experiences a short-circuit fault, the output voltage is zero, the voltage across the first resistor rises to a first voltage value, the transistor is on, the first MOSFET is in the saturation region, the voltage at the negative input terminal of the voltage comparator is less than the voltage at the positive input terminal, the voltage comparator outputs a high level, the second MOSFET is in the off region, and the load is in a non-operating state; And / or, when the short-circuit fault is removed, the voltage across the first resistor decreases, the transistor is turned off, the first MOSFET is in the variable resistance region, and the load returns to the operating state.

4. The protection circuit of claim 3, wherein, The first MOS transistor is a PMOS, and / or the second MOS transistor is a PMOS, and / or the transistor is a PNP transistor.

5. The protection circuit of claim 4, wherein, The voltage monitoring circuit includes a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor connected in series. The drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to the output terminal and the fourth resistor, respectively. The fifth resistor is grounded. A voltage monitoring point is provided between the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor. The voltage monitoring point is connected to the negative input terminal of the voltage comparator.

6. The protection circuit of claim 5, wherein, The recoverable circuit further includes a seventh resistor and an eighth resistor. The gate of the first MOSFET is connected to one end of the seventh resistor and one end of the eighth resistor, respectively. The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the emitter of the transistor, one end of the first resistor, and the input terminal, respectively. The other end of the eighth resistor is grounded. When the load is in the working state, the transistor is turned off, and the gate of the first MOSFET receives the voltage divided by the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor. The first MOSFET is located in the variable resistance region.

7. The protection circuit of claim 6, wherein, The main circuit also includes a second resistor and a sixth resistor connected to each other. The gate of the second MOS transistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and one end of the sixth resistor, respectively. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor and the input terminal, respectively. The other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the voltage comparator.

8. The protection circuit of claim 5, wherein, The protection circuit further includes a reference voltage circuit, which includes a third resistor and a Zener diode connected in series. One end of the reference voltage circuit is connected to the input terminal, and the other end of the reference voltage circuit is grounded. The positive input terminal of the voltage comparator is connected between the third resistor and the Zener diode. The reference voltage circuit is used to provide the constant reference voltage to the positive input terminal.

9. The protection circuit of claim 8, wherein, The fourth resistor and the fifth resistor have equal resistance values, and / or the first voltage value is 0.4-0.7V.

10. A power management system, characterized by, Includes the protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.