A centralized charging system and charging equipment

Abstract

This application discloses a centralized charging system and charging device. A centralized charging system includes: a power supply device and a charging load; the power supply device includes a power supply and a charging constant current circuit. The charging load includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element; the first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element and a first protection element, and the second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element. When the energy storage element in any charging load is in a saturated state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the saturated state closes, and the current, after passing through the first protection element, is transferred to the next series-connected charging load through the closed first switching element. A charging device is applied to charging in series on a series power supply line, including: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element. This application optimizes the implementation cost and charging efficiency of the charging system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, specifically to a centralized charging system and a charging device. Background Technology

[0002] As users increasingly demand longer battery life for electronic products, the need for higher lithium battery capacity is also growing. This can be achieved by increasing the capacity of a single battery cell or by connecting multiple cells in parallel to expand capacity. The price per Wh for a single high-capacity battery is significantly lower than that of a low-capacity battery, and it also saves on the packaging costs of multi-cell battery packs. The battery protection circuitry for a single high-capacity battery is simpler, and it does not require battery equalization or pairing, resulting in lower costs. Therefore, the application of single high-capacity batteries is becoming increasingly widespread.

[0003] However, single-cell batteries also present several challenges in centralized charging scenarios. First, as battery capacity increases, so does the charging current. When multiple products are charged simultaneously, if a standard parallel connection is used, the total charging current will continuously increase with the number of products in the charging circuit, potentially making the current unbearable for the circuit. This increase in charging current necessitates the use of components with high current tolerance and solutions for circuit heat dissipation, drastically raising the cost of the charging circuit. Second, the low voltage of a single battery cell makes it difficult to drive high-voltage MOSFETs, hindering the use of such MOSFETs in the battery protection circuit. However, for larger capacity batteries, especially in centralized charging scenarios, higher charging voltages are needed to reduce line losses, but the low voltage tolerance of the battery protection circuit limits this demand. Finally, the charging power in centralized charging scenarios is generally very high. Due to cost considerations, the charging voltage of single-cell lithium batteries is typically designed to be relatively low. During centralized charging, the battery first needs to pass through a high-power DC-DC converter in the first-stage charging circuit, and then through a second-stage DC-DC converter within the battery itself. The efficiency of the charging system decreases significantly due to these two DC-DC converter stages. Because centralized charging involves high power and a shift to low-voltage charging, line losses increase. Furthermore, the cost of cables for high-power low-voltage charging and the cost of the two-stage DC-DC converter circuitry further increase the overall cost of implementing the charging system. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a centralized charging system to address the problems of low system efficiency, high power consumption, and high implementation cost in existing centralized charging systems. This application also provides a charging device. The specific solution is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a centralized charging system, comprising: a power supply device and a charging load; the power supply device includes a power supply and a charging constant current circuit; the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the positive input terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and multiple charging loads are connected in series between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit; the charging load includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element; the first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element and a first protection element, and the second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element; the input terminal of the first protection element is connected to the positive output terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and the output terminal of the first protection element is connected to the input terminal of the second switching element; the output terminal of the second switching element is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the first charging protection element of the next series-connected charging load. The circuit's input terminal is connected; the input terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the first protection element, and the output terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage element; when the energy storage element in the charging load is in a normal charging state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the normal charging state is open, and the current in the charging constant current circuit enters the second charging protection circuit after passing through the first protection element to charge the energy storage element, and the current is transmitted through the energy storage element to the next series-connected charging load; when the energy storage element in any of the charging loads is in a saturated charging state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the saturated charging state is closed, and the current in the charging constant current circuit passes through the first protection element and is transmitted through the closed first switching element to the next series-connected charging load; the current in the charging constant current circuit is blocked when it is transmitted to the second switching element.

[0006] Optionally, the second charging protection circuit further includes: a third switching element, which is connected in parallel with the second switching element; when the energy storage element in the charging load is in a normal charging state, the third switching element in the second charging protection circuit corresponding to the normal charging state is closed, and the current in the charging constant current circuit, after passing through the first protection element, charges the energy storage element through the closed third switching element, and the current is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the energy storage element; when the energy storage element in any of the charging loads is in a charging saturation state, the third switching element in the second charging protection circuit corresponding to the charging saturation state is open, and the current in the charging constant current circuit, after passing through the first protection element, is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the closed first switching element.

[0007] Optionally, the first charging protection circuit further includes a second protection element, which is connected in parallel with the first switching element.

[0008] Optionally, the second switching element is a diode. When the first switching element is closed, the current transmitted to the diode through the first protection element is cut off. The second protection element is a transient suppression diode. When the first switching element is closed, the current transmitted through the first protection element is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the first switching element and the transient suppression diode, respectively.

[0009] Optionally, the first protection element is a fuse. When the current transmitted to the first charging protection circuit is greater than the current threshold of the first charging protection circuit, and when the first switching element is closed, the fuse is in a blown state, and the first charging protection circuit and the second charging protection circuit are in an open circuit state.

[0010] Optionally, when the charging load voltage in the charging constant current circuit is less than the preset voltage value, the power supply device enters the short-circuit protection working state and the power supply device is in a periodic restart state; when the charging load voltage is greater than the preset voltage value after restarting, the power supply device enters the normal working state; when the charging load voltage is less than the preset voltage value after restarting, the power supply device maintains the short-circuit protection working state.

[0011] Secondly, this application also provides a charging device for charging in series on a series power supply line. The charging device includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element; the first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element and a first protection element; the second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element; the input terminal of the first protection element is connected to the output terminal of the power supply, and the output terminal of the first protection element is connected to the input terminal of the second switching element; the output terminal of the second switching element is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the input terminal of the first charging protection circuit of the next series-connected charging device; the input terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the first protection element, and the output terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage element.

[0012] Optionally, the second charging protection circuit further includes a third switching element, which is connected in parallel with the second switching element.

[0013] Optionally, the first charging protection circuit further includes a second protection element, which is connected in parallel with the first switching element.

[0014] Optionally, the charging device is a solar-powered charging lighting device.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0016] This application provides a centralized charging system, comprising: a power supply device and a charging load; the power supply device includes a power supply and a charging constant current circuit; the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the positive input terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and multiple charging loads are connected in series between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit; the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit; each charging load includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element; the first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element and a first protection element, and the second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element; the input terminal of the first protection element is connected to the positive output terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and the output terminal of the first protection element is connected to the input terminal of the second switching element; the output terminal of the second switching element is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the first charging protection circuit of the next series-connected charging load. The input terminal of the circuit is connected; the input terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the first protection element, and the output terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage element; when the energy storage element in the charging load is in a normal charging state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the normal charging state is open, and the current in the charging constant current circuit enters the second charging protection circuit to charge the energy storage element after passing through the first protection element, and the current is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the energy storage element; when the energy storage element in any of the charging loads is in a charging saturation state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the charging saturation state is closed, and the current in the charging constant current circuit passes through the first protection element and is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the closed first switching element; the current in the charging constant current circuit is blocked when it is transmitted to the second switching element. Using the centralized charging system provided in this application, the charging loads are connected in series in the charging circuit for charging, so that the charging current does not increase with the increase of the number of charging loads, reducing line loss and cable cost. This application employs a bypass method to achieve disconnection control after the charging load is fully charged, ensuring that in series charging, the completion of any one charging load does not affect the continued charging of other products in the charging circuit. This application uses high-voltage power supply, reducing line loss, and eliminates the need for a second-stage DC-DC circuit, thus optimizing both system cost and charging efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of existing centralized charging methods;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the centralized charging method provided in this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the centralized charging system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a centralized charging system provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described below. Therefore, based on the embodiments provided in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in the claims, specification, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. Such data are interchangeable where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that shown or described in this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "having," and their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, apparatus, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, apparatus, or devices.

[0024] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship. "Contains A, B and / or C" means containing any one, two, or three of A, B, and C.

[0025] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, "B corresponding to A", "B corresponding to A", "A corresponds to B" or "B corresponds to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined based on A. Determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0026] To facilitate understanding of the various embodiments of this application, the application background of the embodiments will be explained.

[0027] Figure 1 This illustrates a conventional method for centralized charging. The conventional method involves converting a high voltage to a lower voltage using a high-power DC / DC switching power supply, with the charging loads connected in parallel to the output of the DC / DC switching power supply. The advantage of this method is that the charging control of each charging load is independent and does not affect the others. However, the parallel connection of multiple charging loads leads to a significant increase in charging current as the number of charging loads in the circuit increases, requiring the cables to withstand a large charging current and resulting in substantial cable losses. This centralized charging method requires a two-stage DC / DC circuit, resulting in low system efficiency and high implementation cost.

[0028] To address the above issues, this application provides a centralized charging system that employs a DC / DC switching power supply with constant current function, along with protection circuitry within the charging load. This system aims to solve the problems of low system efficiency, high power consumption, and high implementation cost inherent in existing centralized charging systems.

[0029] The centralized charging method provided in this application is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, when the charging load is connected in series to the output of a DC / DC switching power supply with constant current function, the charging current will not increase with the increase of the number of charging loads. This enables high-voltage, low-current charging, thus optimizing system efficiency, system losses, and system cost.

[0030] One embodiment of this application provides a centralized charging system, including a power supply device and a charging load. The power supply device includes a power source and a charging constant current circuit. The positive terminal of the power source is connected to the positive input terminal of the charging constant current circuit. Multiple charging loads are connected in series between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit. The negative terminal of the power supply device is connected to the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit.

[0031] The charging load includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element. The first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element and a first protection element. The second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element. The input terminal of the first protection element is connected to the positive output terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and the output terminal of the first protection element is connected to the input terminal of the second switching element. The output terminal of the second switching element is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the input terminal of the first charging protection circuit of the next series-connected charging load. The input terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the first protection element, and the output terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage element.

[0032] When the energy storage element in the charging load is in a normal charging state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the normal charging state is turned off. The current in the constant current charging circuit enters the second charging protection circuit to charge the energy storage element after passing through the first protection element, and the current is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the energy storage element.

[0033] When any energy storage element in the charging load is in a saturated state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the saturated state closes. The current in the charging constant current circuit, after passing through the first protection element, is then transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the closed first switching element. The current in the charging constant current circuit is blocked when it is transmitted to the second switching element.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, three charging loads are used for illustrative purposes. In practical applications, the number of charging loads in the charging circuit can be increased without limitation. Figure 3 The number of charging loads shown is limited.

[0035] The power supply can be either solar-converted electricity or AC mains power. To improve the safety of the bypass circuit (i.e., the circuit containing the first switching element) and to control the charging current, a DC / DC switching power supply with constant current function can be used in the constant current charging circuit. Current flows from the positive terminal of the power supply to the DC / DC switching power supply, and after passing through the constant current DC / DC switching power supply, a constant current is output. The charging load can be a solar-powered lighting device, such as a solar-powered lamp. Multiple charging loads are connected in series between the positive and negative output terminals of the constant current DC / DC switching power supply. Current flows out from the positive output terminal of the constant current DC / DC switching power supply, charging the charging loads in the constant current charging circuit sequentially, and finally flowing into the negative output terminal of the constant current DC / DC switching power supply. The negative output terminal of the constant current DC / DC switching power supply is grounded.

[0036] The first protective element in the charging load can be a fuse, such as a circuit breaker. When the current transmitted to the first charging protection circuit is greater than the current threshold of the first charging protection circuit, and the first switching element is closed, the fuse is in a blown state, and the first charging protection circuit and the second charging protection circuit are in an open circuit state.

[0037] In practical applications, to prevent the charging load from being connected to an illegal power source (lacking constant current or current limiting functions), a fuse is added at the front end of the first charging protection circuit. When the current transmitted to the first charging protection circuit exceeds its rated current, once the first switch is closed, the current far exceeding the rated current flows through the fuse, causing the fuse to immediately blow. This puts both the first and second charging protection circuits in an open-circuit state, thereby protecting the subsequent circuits in the charging circuit from damage.

[0038] The first switching element in the charging load can be a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor). The energy storage element in the charging load can be a battery, such as a single lithium battery.

[0039] In the charging load, the second switching element can be a diode. When the first switching element is closed, the current transmitted to the diode through the first protection element is cut off.

[0040] by Figure 3 Taking the first charging load as an example, when the detection device (not shown in the figure), which can be a microcontroller or a hardware component such as a comparator, detects that the battery voltage in the charging load has not reached the preset battery voltage threshold, the battery BT1 in the charging load is not fully charged and is in a normal charging state. SW1 in the charging load is in an open state, and the current in the constant current charging circuit flows through the fuse F1 and then through the diode D1 to charge the battery BT1. Then the current is transmitted through the battery BT1 to the next charging load connected in series in the charging circuit.

[0041] by Figure 3 Taking the second charging load as an example, when the detection device (not shown in the figure) detects that the battery voltage in the charging load reaches the preset battery voltage threshold, battery BT2 is in a fully charged state, and the charging load displays that the battery is fully charged. At this time, the control device (not shown in the figure), which can be a microcontroller or a hardware component, sends a signal to SW3, causing SW3 to close. The current in the constant current charging circuit, after passing through fuse F2, is short-circuited by the closed SW3, and the current is directly transferred to the next series-connected charging load in the charging circuit. The current no longer flows through diode D2 and battery BT2, stopping the charging of battery BT2. After battery BT2 is fully charged, SW3 closes, and the charging circuit remains connected, not affecting the charging of other charging loads in the circuit.

[0042] Regardless of the number of charging loads in the charging circuit that are in a state of saturation, the constant current charging circuit maintains a constant charging current that does not change with the number of charging loads. Because the charging current remains constant and does not change with the number of charging loads in the charging circuit, the reliability of the first switching element in the charging circuit is also improved. After SW3 is closed, due to the reverse cutoff effect of diode D2, battery BT2 will not form a discharge path.

[0043] When the charging load voltage in the constant current charging circuit is less than the preset voltage value, the power supply device enters the short-circuit protection state and is in a periodic restart state. When the charging load voltage is greater than the preset voltage value after restarting, the power supply device enters the normal operation state; when the charging load voltage is less than the preset voltage value after restarting, the power supply device remains in the short-circuit protection state.

[0044] When all energy storage elements of the charging load in the constant current charging circuit are in a fully charged state (i.e., all batteries are fully charged), and the first switching element of all charging loads is closed, the DC / DC switching power supply detects that the output voltage (i.e., the charging load voltage in the constant current charging circuit) is less than the preset voltage value. At this time, the DC / DC switching power supply enters short-circuit protection mode. The DC / DC switching power supply cuts off the output current or limits the output current to below the preset short-circuit current value. The DC / DC switching power supply performs periodic restarts. When the charging load voltage is greater than the preset voltage value after restarting, the DC / DC switching power supply returns to normal operation. When the charging load voltage is less than the preset voltage value after restarting, the DC / DC switching power supply continues to maintain short-circuit protection mode.

[0045] To further reduce line loss and improve the efficiency of the charging system, in another embodiment of this application, the second charging protection circuit further includes a third switching element connected in parallel with the second switching element. When the energy storage element in the charging load is in a normal charging state, the third switching element in the second charging protection circuit corresponding to the normal charging state is closed. The current in the charging constant current circuit, after passing through the first protection element, charges the energy storage element through the closed third switching element, and the current is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the energy storage element. When the energy storage element in any charging load is in a saturated charging state, the third switching element in the second charging protection circuit corresponding to the saturated charging state is open. The current in the charging constant current circuit, after passing through the first protection element, is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the closed first switching element.

[0046] When there is no third switching element in the circuit, and the battery is in a normal charging state, the first switching element in the charging load is in the open state. The current in the constant current charging circuit flows through the fuse and then through the diode to charge the battery. When there is a third switching element in the circuit, the third switching element can be a MOSFET connected in parallel with the second switching element. Figure 4 Taking the first charging load as an example, when battery BT1 is in normal charging state, the control device (not shown in the figure), which can be a microcontroller or a hardware component, sends a signal to MOSFET SW2, causing SW2 to close. In the first charging load, SW1 is opened first, then SW2 closes. The charging current flows through fuse F1, then through the closed SW2 to charge battery BT1, and then is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load. Closing the third switching element when the battery is charging can save the losses generated when the diode is forward conducting, thus improving the efficiency of the charging system.

[0047] by Figure 4 Taking the second charging load as an example, when battery BT2 is fully charged, SW4 is first disconnected, and then the corresponding SW3 is closed. The current in the constant current charging circuit passes through fuse F2. Because the closed SW3 puts battery BT2 in a short-circuit state, the current is directly transferred to the next series charging load in the charging circuit through the closed SW3. The current no longer flows through diode D2 and battery BT2, and charging of battery BT2 stops.

[0048] In another embodiment of this application, the first charging protection circuit further includes a second protection element connected in parallel with the first switching element. The second protection element can be a transient suppression diode. When the first switching element is closed, the current transmitted through the first protection element is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the first switching element and the transient suppression diode, respectively.

[0049] In practical applications, considering the potential for switching noise, battery disconnection, or other battery malfunctions, the battery may not effectively absorb the charging current, causing the voltage across the first switching element to far exceed the battery voltage. In such cases, the first switching element may experience voltage breakdown. Therefore, a second protection element is needed to provide parallel protection for the first switching element.

[0050] by Figure 4Taking the second charging load as an example, the transient voltage suppressor diode TVS2 is connected in parallel with SW3. When the voltage across SW3 is lower than the breakdown voltage of TVS2, TVS2 is in the off state. When the voltage across SW3 is higher than the breakdown voltage of TVS2, the impedance of TVS2 drops sharply, forming a low-resistance path, providing instantaneous protection for SW3 and giving SW3 time to judge and act. Subsequently, SW3 will close, and after closing, the voltage across it tends to 0. This protects SW3 and prevents TVS2 from being subjected to long-term high-current surges, thus keeping the entire circuit in a safe state.

[0051] If the bypass method provided in this application is not used, and the charging loads are directly connected in series, once one of the charging loads is fully charged, it needs to be removed from the circuit. When the fully charged load is disconnected, the charging process of the remaining charging loads in the charging circuit is also interrupted. If a switching element is used to control the switching on and off of the circuit, the maximum voltage that this switching element needs to withstand is the highest output voltage of the DC / DC switching power supply, that is, the output voltage when the number of charging loads connected in series reaches its maximum value. The more charging loads connected in series in the charging circuit, the higher the voltage withstand requirement for the switching element.

[0052] High-voltage switching components generally require high voltages to drive them. For example, high-voltage MOSFETs typically require a voltage of 5V or higher to drive them. Since the voltage of a single battery (e.g., 3.6V) is too low to drive high-voltage MOSFETs, an additional boost circuit is needed to drive them, increasing circuit complexity and implementation cost.

[0053] The centralized charging system provided in this application, Figure 3 Taking the second charging load as an example, when SW3 is open, the highest voltage across it is the sum of the voltage of a single battery cell (e.g., 3.6V) and the forward voltage drop of the diode (e.g., 0.45V). When SW3 is closed, the voltage across it approaches 0. Therefore, a low-voltage MOSFET can be used for SW3, eliminating the need for a high-voltage MOSFET. Furthermore, the voltage rating of SW3 does not change with the number of charging loads connected in series in the charging circuit. This also means that centralized charging systems can achieve low-cost, high-voltage series charging.

[0054] The centralized charging system provided in this application connects the charging loads in series in the charging circuit, ensuring that the charging current does not increase with the number of charging loads, thus reducing line losses and cable costs. This application employs a bypass method to control the disconnection of the charging loads after they are fully charged, ensuring that in series charging, the completion of any one charging load does not affect the continued charging of other products in the charging circuit. This application uses high-voltage power supply, reducing line losses and eliminating the need for a second-stage DC-DC circuit, thus optimizing both system cost and charging efficiency.

[0055] In another embodiment of this application, a charging device is also provided for charging in series on a series power supply line. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging device.

[0056] The charging device includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element. The first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element SW7 and a first protection element. The second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element. The input terminal of the first protection element is connected to the positive output terminal of the charging circuit, and the output terminal of the first protection element is connected to the input terminal of the second switching element. The output terminal of the second switching element is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the input terminal of the first charging protection circuit of the next charging device connected in series. The input terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the first protection element, and the output terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage element.

[0057] The first switching element can be a MOSFET, the second switching element can be a diode, the first protection element can be a fuse, and the energy storage element can be a battery.

[0058] In the charging device, the second charging protection circuit also includes a third switching element SW8, which is connected in parallel with the second switching element. The third switching element can be a MOSFET.

[0059] In the charging device, the first charging protection circuit further includes a second protection element, which is connected in parallel with the first switching element. The second protection element may be a transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS).

[0060] The charging device can be a solar-powered lighting device, such as a solar-powered lamp.

[0061] The charging equipment can be used as a charging load in the centralized charging system described above.

[0062] Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A centralized charging system, characterized by, include: Power supply equipment and charging load; The power supply device includes a power supply and a charging constant current circuit; The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the positive input terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and multiple charging loads are connected in series between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit. The negative terminal of the power supply is connected to the negative output terminal of the charging constant current circuit. The charging load includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element; the first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element and a first protection element; the second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element; the input terminal of the first protection element is connected to the positive output terminal of the charging constant current circuit, and the output terminal of the first protection element is connected to the input terminal of the second switching element; the output terminal of the second switching element is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the input terminal of the first charging protection circuit of the next series-connected charging load; the input terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the first protection element, and the output terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage element. When the energy storage element in the charging load is in a normal charging state, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the normal charging state is turned off. The current in the charging constant current circuit enters the second charging protection circuit after passing through the first protection element to charge the energy storage element, and the current is transmitted through the energy storage element to the next series-connected charging load. When any of the energy storage elements in the charging load is in a state of saturation, the first switching element in the first charging protection circuit corresponding to the state of saturation is closed. The current in the charging constant current circuit is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load after passing through the first protection element and the closed first switching element. The current in the charging constant current circuit is blocked when it is transmitted to the second switching element.

2. The centralized charging system of claim 1, wherein, The second charging protection circuit further includes: a third switching element, wherein the third switching element is connected in parallel with the second switching element; When the energy storage element in the charging load is in a normal charging state, the third switch element in the second charging protection circuit corresponding to the normal charging state is closed. The current in the charging constant current circuit, after passing through the first protection element, charges the energy storage element through the closed third switch element, and the current is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the energy storage element. When any of the energy storage elements in the charging load is in a state of charging saturation, the third switching element in the second charging protection circuit corresponding to the charging saturation state is disconnected, and the current in the charging constant current circuit is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load after passing through the first protection element and the closed first switching element.

3. The centralized charging system of claim 1, wherein, The first charging protection circuit further includes a second protection element, which is connected in parallel with the first switching element.

4. The centralized charging system of claim 3, wherein, The second switching element is a diode. When the first switching element is closed, the current transmitted to the diode through the first protection element is cut off. The second protection element is a transient suppression diode. When the first switching element is closed, the current transmitted through the first protection element is transmitted to the next series-connected charging load through the first switching element and the transient suppression diode.

5. The centralized charging system of claim 1, wherein, The first protection element is a fuse. When the current transmitted to the first charging protection circuit is greater than the current threshold of the first charging protection circuit, and when the first switching element is closed, the fuse is in a blown state, and the first charging protection circuit and the second charging protection circuit are in an open circuit state.

6. The centralized charging system of claim 1, wherein, When the charging load voltage in the constant current charging circuit is less than the preset voltage value, the power supply device enters the short circuit protection working state, and the power supply device is in a periodic restart state. When the voltage of the charging load is greater than the preset voltage value after restarting, the power supply device enters normal working state. When the voltage of the charging load is less than the preset voltage value after restarting, the power supply device remains in short-circuit protection mode.

7. A charging device, characterized by This device is used for charging in series on a series power supply line. The charging device includes: a first charging protection circuit, a second charging protection circuit, and an energy storage element. The first charging protection circuit includes: a first switching element and a first protection element; the second charging protection circuit includes: a second switching element; the input terminal of the first protection element is connected to the output terminal of the power supply, and the output terminal of the first protection element is connected to the input terminal of the second switching element; the output terminal of the second switching element is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage element, and the output terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the input terminal of the first charging protection circuit of the next connected charging device; the input terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the first protection element, and the output terminal of the first switching element is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage element.

8. The charging apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by, The second charging protection circuit further includes a third switching element, which is connected in parallel with the second switching element.

9. The charging apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by, The first charging protection circuit further includes a second protection element, which is connected in parallel with the first switching element.

10. The charging apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by, The charging device is a solar-powered charging lighting device.

Images