一种具有预充、防反接及主动放电功能的电机控制器电路
By introducing circuit designs with pre-charge, reverse connection protection, and active discharge functions into the motor controller, the problems of reversed battery polarity and residual charge in the capacitor are solved, thus enabling safe and reliable operation and maintenance of the motor controller.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WUXI JIUTONG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-17
AI Technical Summary
In motor controllers, reversed positive and negative terminals during battery power supply can damage internal components; voltage differences during vehicle assembly can cause sparking; and residual charge in electrolytic capacitors can endanger safety. Existing technologies cannot effectively solve these problems.
Design a motor controller circuit with pre-charge, reverse connection protection and active discharge functions. The control module controls the reverse connection protection pre-charge unit to pre-charge the electrolytic capacitor to prevent the positive and negative terminals of the battery from being reversed. The discharge unit actively discharges when the power is off to protect internal components and prevent safety hazards.
It effectively prevents damage to components from reversed battery polarity, avoids arcing at the wiring terminals, ensures normal motor operation, eliminates safety hazards from residual charge, and reduces maintenance costs and safety risks.
Smart Images
Figure CN224520962U_ABST
Abstract
Claims
1. A motor controller circuit with pre-charging, reverse connection protection, and active discharge functions, characterized in that, It includes a control module, an electrolytic capacitor C1, a reverse-current pre-charge unit, a discharge unit, and a drive output unit, among which, The control module is connected to the anti-reverse pre-charge unit, the discharge unit, and the drive output unit. The anti-reverse pre-charge unit, the discharge unit, and the drive output unit are connected to the electrolytic capacitor C1. The drive output unit is connected to the motor. The control module is used to control the anti-reverse precharge unit to precharge the electrolytic capacitor C1 when the motor controller circuit is connected to the battery. After the precharge is completed, the control module controls the battery to supply power to the drive output unit through the anti-reverse precharge unit and controls the drive output unit to drive the motor to run. The anti-reverse precharge unit is also used to realize the anti-reverse connection function when the positive and negative terminals of the battery are reversed. The control module is also used to control the discharge unit to actively discharge the electrolytic capacitor C1 when the motor controller circuit is powered off.
2. The motor controller circuit with pre-charging, reverse connection protection, and active discharge functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-reverse precharge unit includes a precharge module, a switch module, a resistor R1, NMOS transistors Q7, Q8, and Q9, wherein... When the battery is connected to the motor controller circuit, the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q7 and one end of resistor R1, the other end of resistor R1 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q9, the source and gate of NMOS transistor Q9 are connected to the pre-charge module, and the pre-charge module is connected to the control module. The source of NMOS transistor Q7 is connected to the source of NMOS transistor Q9, the switching module, and the source of NMOS transistor Q8. The drain of NMOS transistor Q8 is connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1. The gates of NMOS transistors Q7 and Q8 are both connected to the switching module. The switching module is connected to the control module. The negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery and connected to the first ground potential.
3. The motor controller circuit with pre-charge, anti-connection and active discharge functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, When pre-charging the electrolytic capacitor C1, the control module is used to control the NMOS transistor Q9 to turn on through the pre-charging module, and the battery charges the electrolytic capacitor C1 through the resistor R1, the NMOS transistor Q9 and the body diode of the NMOS transistor Q8. The control module is used to control NMOS transistors Q7 and Q8 to turn on after the voltage across the electrolytic capacitor C1 reaches the pre-charge threshold voltage, so that the battery can supply power to the drive unit through the anti-reverse pre-charge unit. When the voltage across the electrolytic capacitor C1 is equal to the battery voltage, the control module controls the NMOS transistor Q9 to turn off through the pre-charge module.
4. The motor controller circuit with pre-charge, anti-connection and active discharge functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The precharge threshold voltage is determined based on the battery voltage and the precharge coefficient.
5. The motor controller circuit with pre-charge, anti-connection and active discharge functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pre-charge module includes an optocoupler U1, resistors R10, R11, R12, and R13, and a capacitor C11, wherein... One end of the resistor R10 is connected to the control module, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to one end of the resistor R11 and the positive terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the negative terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U1 and connected to the first ground potential. The collector of the phototransistor on the secondary side of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC1. The emitter of the phototransistor on the secondary side of the optocoupler U1 is connected to one end of resistor R12 and one end of resistor R13. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to one end of capacitor C11 and the source of NMOS transistor Q9 and connected to the second ground potential. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to the other end of capacitor C11 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q9.
6. The motor controller circuit with pre-charge, anti- reverse connection and active discharge functions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The switching module includes an optocoupler U2, resistors R14, R15, R16, and R17, and a capacitor C12. One end of resistor R14 is connected to the control module, the other end of resistor R14 is connected to one end of resistor R15 and the positive terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of optocoupler U2, and the other end of resistor R15 is connected to the negative terminal of the primary side light-emitting diode of optocoupler U2 and connected to the first ground potential. The collector of the phototransistor on the secondary side of the optocoupler U2 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC1. The emitter of the phototransistor on the secondary side of the optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of resistor R16 and one end of resistor R17. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to one end of capacitor C12, the source of NMOS transistor Q7, and the source of NMOS transistor Q8, and is connected to the second ground potential. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to the other end of capacitor C12, the gate of NMOS transistor Q7, and the gate of NMOS transistor Q8.
7. The motor controller circuit with pre-charging, reverse connection protection, and active discharge functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The discharge unit includes a discharge module, a resistor R2, and an NMOS transistor Q10, wherein... One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor Q10, the source of the NMOS transistor Q10 is connected to the negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor C1, the gate of the NMOS transistor Q10 is connected to the discharge module, and the discharge module is connected to the control module. When the motor controller circuit is powered off, the control module controls the NMOS transistor Q10 to conduct through the discharge module in order to actively discharge the electrolytic capacitor C1.
8. The motor controller circuit with pre-charge, anti- reverse connection and active discharge functions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The discharge module includes resistors R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, and R25, a capacitor C13, an NPN transistor Q11, and a PNP transistor Q12. One end of the resistor R20 is connected to the control module, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to one end of the resistor R21 and the base of the NPN transistor Q11, and the other end of the resistor R21 is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor Q11 and connected to the first ground potential. The collector of the NPN transistor Q11 is connected to one end of resistors R22 and R23 and the base of the PNP transistor Q12 through resistors R22 and R23. The other end of resistor R23 is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q12 and connected to the power supply voltage VCC2. The collector of the PNP transistor Q12 is connected to one end of resistors R24 and R25. The other end of resistor R24 is connected to one end of capacitor C13 and connected to the first ground potential. The other end of resistor R25 is connected to the other end of capacitor C13 and the gate of the NMOS transistor Q10.
9. The motor controller circuit with pre-charge, anti- reverse connection and active discharge functions according to claim 1, wherein, The drive output unit includes a drive module, NMOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6, wherein... The drain of NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1, the source of NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q2 to form a first connection node, and the source of NMOS transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1. The drain of NMOS transistor Q3 is connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1, the source of NMOS transistor Q3 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q4 to form a second connection node, and the source of NMOS transistor Q4 is connected to the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1. The drain of NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1, the source of NMOS transistor Q5 is connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q6 to form a third connection node, and the source of NMOS transistor Q6 is connected to the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor C1. The first connection node is connected to the first phase line of the motor, the second connection node is connected to the second phase line of the motor, and the third connection node is connected to the third phase line of the motor. The first connection node, the second connection node, the third connection node, the gates of NMOS transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 are connected to the driving module, and the driving module is connected to the control module.
10. The motor controller circuit with pre-charge, anti- reverse connection and active discharge functions according to claim 8, wherein, The power supply voltage VCC1 is obtained by converting the power supply voltage VCC2 by the isolated DC-DC module. The power supply voltage VCC2 is connected to the input terminal of the isolated DC-DC module. The first ground terminal of the isolated DC-DC module is connected to the first ground potential, and the second ground terminal of the isolated DC-DC module is connected to the second ground potential. The output terminal of the isolated DC-DC module is used to output the power supply voltage VCC1.