Trisilane cleavage reactor
By designing a three-element pyrolysis reactor that integrates high-pressure hot water hydrolysis, vacuum evaporation, and stirring dehydration functions, the problems of high equipment cost and large energy loss were solved, achieving efficient and automated waste treatment, reducing equipment weight and heat loss, and improving dehydration efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING YONGLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, when using two systems—high-pressure hot water hydrolysis equipment and vacuum evaporation equipment—to process waste such as distiller's grains and straw, the equipment costs are high, energy consumption is large, and there are problems such as heat loss and microbial contamination caused by the transfer of intermediate materials during the processing.
Design a three-element pyrolysis reactor with a double-layer composite pressure structure, integrating high-pressure hot water pyrolysis, vacuum evaporation and stirring dehydration functions. It utilizes a hollow stirring shaft and elastic scraper to achieve efficient stirring and inner wall cleaning, and realizes automated positive and negative pressure staged control through a PLC control system.
It achieves a 30% reduction in equipment weight, a 50% increase in dehydration efficiency, an extended cleaning cycle of 20 batches, improved energy utilization, a high degree of automation, and avoids heat loss and bacterial contamination.
Smart Images
Figure CN224524742U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of organic waste treatment technology, and in particular relates to a three-element pyrolysis reactor. Background Technology
[0002] Livestock farming requires a large amount of feed, and existing feeds are mostly made from grains, resulting in high feeding costs that are difficult for farmers to bear. Waste products from industrial and agricultural production, such as distiller's grains and crop straw, are rich in crude fiber and protein. They can be processed and added to feed, which can not only solve the waste disposal problem but also reduce feeding costs.
[0003] Distillers' grains are rich in fiber, amino acids, crude starch, various enzymes, and vitamins. However, fresh distillers' grains contain ethanol and acetic acid, which can cause acidosis in ruminants if fed directly. Furthermore, crude fiber accounts for 15-20% of the grains, and traditional fermentation methods can only reduce this to 10-12%, still insufficient to meet the needs of monogastric animals. In crop straw, lignin and cellulose form a dense crystalline structure with a crystallinity >50%. Conventional crushing only achieves physical destruction and cannot release soluble sugars. Tannins and silicon in straw inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes in animals, reducing protein absorption by 30-40%. Therefore, it is necessary to first treat the distillers' grains and straw with high-pressure hot water hydrolysis equipment to destroy the lignin-cellulose complex structure in a high-temperature hydrothermal environment. Then, vacuum evaporation equipment is used for further processing, achieving rapid dehydration of the material through a high-vacuum flash evaporation process, ultimately realizing lignin cleavage, hemicellulose saccharification, and fiber softening to obtain a highly digestible energy feed. This process requires two systems: high-pressure hot water hydrolysis equipment and vacuum evaporation equipment, resulting in high equipment costs and a large footprint. The processing is carried out in a distributed manner, and material transfer is required in the middle, resulting in a steam condensation heat loss of more than 30%. During the transfer process, it is easy to introduce contaminants, which affects the stability of subsequent fermentation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention addresses the technical problems of high cost and large energy loss in the existing technology of using two separate systems, high-pressure hot water hydrolysis equipment and vacuum evaporation equipment, to treat waste such as straw and distiller's grains. It proposes a three-element pyrolysis reactor that integrates high-pressure hot water hydrolysis, vacuum evaporation and stirring dehydration functions.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A three-element pyrolysis reactor includes a cylindrical body with a stirring device installed inside. The cylindrical body comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and is provided with a material inlet, a material outlet, an exhaust port, and a negative pressure extraction port. The stirring device includes a hollow stirring shaft with multiple sets of stirring blades. Each stirring blade includes a connecting pipe that communicates with the hollow stirring shaft. The connecting pipe has several vent holes, and a scraper is installed at the end of the connecting pipe. One end of the hollow stirring shaft is connected to a steam inlet, and the other end is connected to a drive device.
[0006] Preferably, a grid-like reinforcing rib is provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and a vacuum cavity is formed by evacuating the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
[0007] Preferably, the air outlet is configured as a cone shape with a smaller inner diameter and a larger outer diameter.
[0008] Preferably, the cylinder is provided with three overflow holes, all of which are connected to an overflow pipe.
[0009] Preferably, a pressure relief valve is installed on the vent.
[0010] Preferably, the inner wall of the inner cylinder is coated with a hydrophobic ceramic coating.
[0011] Preferably, a waste heat recovery pipe is also included, with one end of the waste heat recovery pipe connected to an exhaust port and the other end connected to a heat exchanger, through which cold water is heated.
[0012] Preferably, a demister is installed at the outlet of the exhaust port.
[0013] Preferably, the scraper is made of an elastic material.
[0014] Preferably, an inspection hole is provided at the bottom of the cylinder.
[0015] Preferably, the system also includes a PLC controller, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor, wherein the PLC controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the stirring motor, and the solenoid valve. Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this utility model are as follows: The three-element pyrolysis reactor described in this invention adopts a double-layer composite pressure structure, which can simultaneously meet 10 kgf / cm² pressure requirements. 2 It boasts both positive pressure strength and -0.1MPa negative pressure stability, and its weight is reduced by 30% compared to split-type equipment.
[0016] The multi-functional stirring device uses a hollow stirring shaft to input hot steam, and at the same time, it is equipped with elastic scrapers to stir materials and scrape off the adhering substances on the inner wall of the cylinder, reducing the scale buildup of materials adhering to the inner wall of the reactor at high temperatures, improving dewatering efficiency by 50%, and extending the cleaning cycle to 20 batches / time.
[0017] The PLC control system enables graded pressure reduction control for both positive and negative pressure, resulting in a high degree of equipment automation. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the three-element pyrolysis reactor of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a side view of the three-element pyrolysis reactor of this utility model; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring blade structure of the three-element pyrolysis reactor of this utility model; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view along the BB direction; In the above figures: 1. Cylinder; 11. Inner cylinder; 12. Outer cylinder; 121. Reinforcing rib; 13. Overflow hole; 14. Vacuum chamber; 15. Material inlet; 16. Material outlet; 17. Exhaust hole; 18. Negative pressure extraction hole; 19. Inspection hole; 2. Stirring device; 21. Hollow stirring shaft; 22. Bearing; 23. Seal; 24. Stirring motor; 25. Stirring blade; 251. Connecting pipe; 252. Air outlet; 253. Scraper; 3. Overflow pipe; 4. Steam inlet. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To better understand this utility model, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0020] Example: Figures 1-3 As shown, a three-element pyrolysis reactor includes a composite pressure vessel body and a multifunctional stirring device 2. The composite pressure vessel body is a horizontal cylindrical shape, specifically including a cylinder 1, which comprises an inner cylinder 11 and an outer cylinder 12 fitted around the inner cylinder 11. The inner cylinder 11 is made of 10mm thick Q345R or 316L stainless steel, capable of withstanding large positive and negative pressures, meeting the requirements for high-pressure hot water pyrolysis and vacuum evaporation processes. A grid-like reinforcing rib 121 is provided between the inner cylinder 11 and the outer cylinder 12, and a vacuum chamber 14 is formed by evacuating the gap between the inner cylinder 11 and the outer cylinder 12. The grid-like reinforcing rib 121 can firmly support the outer cylinder 12, and the vacuum chamber 14 is evacuated to -0.05MPa, further improving the negative pressure stability. The inner wall of the inner cylinder 11 is coated with a superhydrophobic ceramic coating with a contact angle >150°, which can effectively reduce material adhesion to the inner wall and effectively extend the cleaning cycle of the equipment.
[0021] The cylinder 1 has a material inlet 15 at one end and a material outlet 16 at the other end for easy feeding and discharging. The top of the cylinder 1 has an exhaust port 17 and a vacuum extraction port 18. The exhaust port 17 is used to release internal high-pressure steam during the pressure reduction process, and the vacuum extraction port 18 is connected to a vacuum pump for extracting internal gas during the vacuum evaporation process. The bottom of the cylinder 1 has an inspection hole 19 for easy equipment maintenance.
[0022] The stirring device 2 includes a hollow stirring shaft 21. Both ends of the hollow stirring shaft 21 are connected to both ends of the cylinder 1 via bearings 22. Sealing elements 23 are fitted onto the outside of the bearings 22. One end of the hollow stirring shaft 21 is connected to a steam inlet 4, on which a solenoid valve is installed. Hot steam is introduced into the cylinder 1 through the steam inlet 4 to heat and pressurize the internal materials. The other end of the hollow stirring shaft 21 is connected to a stirring motor 24, which drives the hollow stirring shaft 21 to rotate, thereby achieving material stirring. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, multiple sets of stirring blades 25 are dispersedly arranged on the hollow stirring shaft 21. Each stirring blade 25 includes a connecting pipe 251 that connects to the hollow stirring shaft 21, and the connecting pipe 251 is provided with several vent holes 252. The vent holes 252 are designed as cones with a smaller inner diameter and a larger outer diameter, which can prevent micropore blockage and reduce the resistance to steam exhaust. Hot steam enters the interior of the hollow stirring shaft 21 through the steam inlet 4, and then is dispersed and discharged into the cylinder 1 through the vent holes 252 on each connecting pipe 251, enabling rapid and efficient high-pressure heating. A scraper 253 is installed at the end of the connecting pipe 251. The scraper 253 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material with a certain degree of elasticity. The scraper 253 is in close contact with the inner wall of the reactor, which can not only effectively stir the materials during the stirring process, but also remove adhering materials, thus cleaning the inner wall of the cylinder 1.
[0023] The cylinder 1 is provided with three overflow holes 13, all of which are connected to overflow pipes 3. When the material height inside the cylinder 1 exceeds the preset height, it can be discharged through the overflow holes 13 and overflow pipes 3.
[0024] To increase the system's energy utilization rate, a waste heat recovery system is installed. This system includes a waste heat recovery pipe and a heat exchanger. One end of the waste heat recovery pipe is connected to the exhaust port 17, and the other end is connected to the heat exchanger. During production, the high-temperature material inside the reactor decreases from a pressure of 10 kg to a negative pressure of -90 kPa within 5-7 minutes. During this process, the saturated liquid enters a superheated state, and some water instantly vaporizes (flash evaporation), releasing sensible heat and converting it into latent heat to generate low-temperature steam. This heat is then used by the heat exchanger to heat cold water, resulting in hot water that can be used for heating the raw materials.
[0025] The cylinder 1 is equipped with a pressure relief valve and a demister on the exhaust port 17. When the internal pressure and temperature of the cylinder 1 exceed the limit, the heating is automatically cut off and the pressure relief valve is activated to release pressure, ensuring the safety of system operation. The demister prevents the airflow from carrying too much mist.
[0026] It also includes a PLC controller, temperature sensors, and pressure sensors. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the solenoid valves, stirring motor 24, and air extraction equipment, forming an integrated positive and negative pressure graded pressure reduction control system. Through PLC control of the solenoid valve group and electric equipment, the internal pressure of the cylinder 1 is reduced from 10 kgf / cm³. 2 →10kgf / cm 2 Gradient switching from atmospheric pressure to -0.05MPa to -0.09MPa. Automated staged pressurization / depressurization control to avoid lignin glass transition; vacuum level drops to -0.095MPa within 30 seconds to prevent reabsorption of soluble sugars.
[0027] Taking the dehydration of distiller's grains as an example, after the material is fed into the cylinder 1, the cylinder 1 is sealed and the high-pressure hot water hydrolysis program is started (10 kgf / cm², 180℃, 45 min). Then, in the negative pressure stage, the stirring device 2 is turned on and steam heating (120℃) is input through the hollow stirring shaft 21. At the same time, the elastic scraper 253 continuously scrapes off the scale on the inner wall. After the treatment is completed, the moisture content of the material is reduced from 60% to 18%, and the time is shortened by 40% compared with the traditional process.
[0028] The three-element pyrolysis reactor described in this embodiment adopts a double-layer composite pressure structure, which can simultaneously meet 10 kgf / cm² pressure requirements. 2 The equipment boasts strong positive pressure resistance and stable negative pressure down to -0.1 MPa, with a weight reduction of 30% compared to split-type equipment. The multi-functional stirring device 2 uses a hollow stirring shaft 21 to input hot steam, while simultaneously incorporating elastic scrapers 253 to stir materials and remove adhering substances from the inner wall of the cylinder 1. This reduces material adhesion and scaling on the reactor's inner wall at high temperatures, increasing dewatering efficiency by 50% and extending the cleaning cycle to 20 batches / time. A PLC control system enables graded pressure reduction control for both positive and negative pressures, resulting in a high degree of automation.
[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the technical solution of the present utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A three-element cleavage reactor, characterized in that: The application relates to a stirring device for a vacuum mixer, which comprises a cylinder body, a stirring device installed in the cylinder body, a material inlet, a material outlet, an exhaust hole and a negative pressure extraction hole arranged on the cylinder body, a hollow stirring shaft, a plurality of groups of stirring blades arranged on the hollow stirring shaft, a connecting pipe communicated with the hollow stirring shaft, a plurality of exhaust holes arranged on the connecting pipe, a scraper installed at the end of the connecting pipe, a steam inlet connected to one end of the hollow stirring shaft, and a driving device connected to the other end of the hollow stirring shaft.
2. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: A grid-shaped reinforcing rib is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and a vacuum cavity is formed by vacuumizing the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
3. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: The exhaust holes are conical and gradually enlarged from the inside to the outside.
4. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: Three overflow holes are arranged on the cylinder body, and the three overflow holes are connected to an overflow pipe.
5. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: A pressure relief valve and a defoaming device are installed on the exhaust hole.
6. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the inner cylinder is coated with a hydrophobic ceramic coating.
7. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: A waste heat recovery pipe is further arranged, one end of the waste heat recovery pipe is connected to the exhaust hole, and the other end of the waste heat recovery pipe is connected to a heat exchanger, and cold water is heated through the heat exchanger.
8. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: The scraper is made of elastic material.
9. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: A maintenance hole is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body.
10. The ternary pyrolysis reactor of claim 1, wherein: A PLC controller, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are further arranged, and the PLC controller is electrically connected with the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and a stirring motor.