Pressure-controllable chemical reaction kettle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a pressure controllable chemical industry reation kettle, include: base, install the cylinder on the base, the plugging disc, pressure -relief mechanism, the pressure -relief mechanism includes top pressure -relief subassembly and side pressure -relief subassembly, top pressure -relief subassembly and side pressure -relief subassembly are connected through linkage mechanism, the utility model discloses the cooperation of linkage mechanism, side pressure -relief subassembly, top pressure -relief subassembly and plugging disc, when the pressure is too big in the raw material reaction process of cylinder, utilizes cylinder body's pressure change and drives plugging disc to move upwards, plugging disc moves upwards and drives top pressure -relief subassembly to carry out pressure -relief operation, simultaneously plugging disc utilizes linkage mechanism and makes side pressure -relief subassembly carry out synchronous pressure -relief operation when moving, thereby reaches the purpose of the pressure control of cylinder inside, effectively prevents the phenomenon that cylinder inside pressure appears too big, thereby reaches the purpose of automatic pressure relief, need not manual or programming intervention control, improves the convenience of using.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical reaction vessels, specifically a pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel. Background Technology

[0002] Reactors are pressure vessels used in petroleum, chemical, pesticide, dye, pharmaceutical and food industries to achieve the heating, evaporation, cooling and low- and high-speed mixing functions required by the process through structural design and parameter configuration. Reactors are widely used in the fields of petroleum, chemical, pesticide, dye, pharmaceutical and food industries to complete processes such as polymerization, condensation, hydrogenation, sulfidation and nitration.

[0003] Currently, most existing chemical reactors are heated and temperature-controlled through methods such as coil heating, jacket heating, electric heating, hot water heating, and heat transfer oil circulation heating. However, the reaction pressure in most reactors is usually controlled manually or by programming during the reaction process. If the pressure inside the reactor is too high during the reaction, the pressure relief valve needs to be manually or programmatically controlled to release the pressure in order to control the reaction pressure inside the reactor. They do not have an automatic pressure control function, which leads to significant limitations in their use. Therefore, based on the characteristics of polymerization reactors, we propose a pressure-controllable chemical reactor that can automatically release pressure when the reaction pressure is too high during the reaction process, without the need for manual or programming intervention, thus improving the convenience of use. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pressure-controllable chemical reactor that can automatically release pressure when the reaction pressure is too high during the reaction process, without the need for manual or programming intervention, thereby improving the ease of use and solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel, comprising: a base, on which a cylindrical body is mounted;

[0006] A sealing disc, which is slidably mounted on the inner top of the cylinder;

[0007] A pressure relief mechanism, comprising a top pressure relief component and a side pressure relief component, wherein the top pressure relief component and the side pressure relief component are connected by a linkage mechanism, wherein the linkage mechanism enables the top pressure relief component and the side pressure relief component to perform pressure relief operations synchronously;

[0008] The top of the cylinder is fixed with a top cover, and the top cover and the side wall of the cylinder are respectively provided with vent holes for the top pressure relief assembly and the side pressure relief assembly to relieve pressure.

[0009] Preferably, the top pressure relief assembly includes multiple lower top columns slidably connected to the sealing disc and multiple upper top columns slidably connected to the top cover. The upper end of the upper top column passes through the top cover and is fixed with a sealing cover. The lower end of the lower top column passes through the sealing disc and is also fixed with a sealing cover. A reset mechanism for resetting the sealing cover is provided between the sealing disc and the top cover.

[0010] Preferably, the reset mechanism includes multiple telescopic columns, which are located on the outer periphery of the lower top column and the outer periphery of the upper top column, respectively. A spring is sleeved on the outside of each telescopic column, and a sealing ring is fixed on the side of the sealing cover near the spring.

[0011] Preferably, the side pressure relief assembly includes a bidirectional screw rotatably mounted on the upper end of the cylinder and a limiting rod located above the screw. The two ends of the bidirectional screw are threadedly connected to movable seats, and the movable seats are slidably connected to the two ends of the limiting rod. A plunger is fixed on one side of the movable seat, and the plunger can move horizontally at the vent hole on the side wall of the cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a gear fixed in the middle of the bidirectional screw and a rack fixed in the center of the sealing disc, and the gear meshes with the rack.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a stirring mechanism located inside the cylinder body. The stirring mechanism includes a stirring rod rotatably mounted at the bottom of the cylinder body. Multiple stirring blades are fixed on the outer wall of the stirring rod. A motor is installed at the lower end of the stirring rod through the bottom wall of the cylinder body. The motor is located inside the base.

[0014] Preferably, the side wall of the cylinder located below the sealing disc is connected to a feed pipe, and the side wall of the cylinder is also equipped with a pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the pressure inside the cylinder.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] 1. This utility model mainly utilizes the coordination of a linkage mechanism, a side pressure relief component, a top pressure relief component, and a sealing disc. During the reaction process of the raw materials in the cylinder, when the pressure is too high, the pressure change of the cylinder itself drives the sealing disc to move upward. During the upward movement of the sealing disc, the top pressure relief component performs a pressure relief operation. At the same time, when the sealing disc moves, the linkage mechanism enables the side pressure relief component to perform a synchronous pressure relief operation, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the internal pressure of the cylinder and effectively preventing excessive internal pressure. This achieves the purpose of automatic pressure relief without the need for manual or programming intervention, thus improving the convenience of use. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the reset mechanism, upper top column, and lower top column of this utility model.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder; 2. Temperature sensor; 3. Pressure sensor; 4. Base; 5. Stirring rod; 6. Stirring blade; 7. Sealing plate; 8. Rack; 9. Gear; 10. Bidirectional screw; 11. Moving seat; 12. Limiting rod; 13. Piston; 14. Lower top column; 15. Upper top column; 16. Sealing cover; 17. Telescopic column; 18. Spring; 19. Sealing ring; 20. Feed pipe; 21. Top cover. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] Please see Figure 1-3 This utility model provides a technical solution: a pressure-controllable chemical reactor, including a base 4, a sealing plate 7, and a pressure relief mechanism. A cylinder 1 is installed on the base 4, and the sealing plate 7 is slidably installed on the inner top of the cylinder 1. The pressure relief mechanism includes a top pressure relief component and a side pressure relief component, which are connected by a linkage mechanism. The linkage mechanism enables the top pressure relief component and the side pressure relief component to perform pressure relief operations synchronously. A top cover 21 is fixed to the top of the cylinder 1, and the top cover 21 and the side wall of the cylinder 1 are respectively provided with vent holes for the top pressure relief component and the side pressure relief component to relieve pressure.

[0023] During the raw material reaction process in cylinder 1, when the pressure is too high, the pressure change of cylinder 1 itself drives the sealing plate 7 to move upward. As the sealing plate 7 moves upward, it drives the top pressure relief component to perform pressure relief operation. At the same time, when the sealing plate 7 moves, the linkage mechanism enables the side pressure relief component to perform synchronous pressure relief operation, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the internal pressure of cylinder 1 and effectively preventing the internal pressure of cylinder 1 from becoming too high. This achieves the purpose of automatic pressure relief without the need for manual or programming intervention, thus improving the convenience of use.

[0024] The top pressure relief assembly includes multiple lower top columns 14 slidably connected to the sealing disc 7 and multiple upper top columns 15 slidably connected to the top cover 21. The upper end of the upper top column 15 passes through the top cover 21 and is fixed with a sealing cover 16. The lower end of the lower top column 14 passes through the sealing disc 7 and is also fixed with a sealing cover 16. A reset mechanism for resetting the sealing cover 16 is provided between the sealing disc 7 and the top cover 21. When pressure is not relieved, there is a gap between the upper top column 15 and the lower top column 14. When pressure is relieved, the sealing disc 7 moves upward, so that the upper top column 15 contacts the lower top column 14. The mutual resistance between the upper top column 15 and the lower top column 14 drives the sealing cover 16 to detach from the top cover 21 and the sealing disc 7 to perform a pressure relief operation inside the cylinder 1.

[0025] The reset mechanism includes multiple telescopic columns 17, which are located on the outer periphery of the lower top column 14 and the outer periphery of the upper top column 15, respectively. A spring 18 is sleeved on the outside of each telescopic column 17. A sealing ring 19 is fixed on the side of the sealing cover 16 near the spring 18. When the upper top column 15 and the lower top column 14 drive the sealing cover 16 to disengage from the top cover 21 and the sealing disc 7, the spring 18 contracts. After the pressure is released, the spring 18's own elasticity is used to reset the upper top column 15 and the lower top column 14, which facilitates subsequent repeated pressure release operations.

[0026] The side pressure relief assembly includes a bidirectional screw 10 rotatably mounted on the upper end of the cylinder 1 and a limiting rod 12 located above the screw. The two ends of the bidirectional screw 10 are threadedly connected to movable seats 11, and the movable seats 11 are slidably connected to the two ends of the limiting rod 12. A plunger 13 is fixed on one side of the movable seat 11. The plunger 13 can move horizontally at the vent hole on the side wall of the cylinder 1. When the sealing disc 7 moves upward, it drives the bidirectional screw 10 to rotate through the linkage mechanism. Due to the threaded fit between the movable seat 11 and the bidirectional screw 10 and the sliding restriction between the movable seat 11 and the limiting rod 12, the bidirectional screw 10 drives the movable seats 11 at both ends to move relative to each other. The movable seats 11 drive the plunger 13 to expose the vent hole on the side wall of the cylinder 1 for pressure relief or to seal and maintain pressure.

[0027] The linkage mechanism includes a gear 9 fixed in the middle of the bidirectional screw 10 and a rack 8 fixed in the center of the sealing disc 7. The gear 9 meshes with the rack 8, so that when the sealing disc 7 moves upward, the rack 8 drives the gear 9 to rotate, thereby using the gear 9 to provide driving force to the bidirectional screw 10, thus driving the bidirectional screw 10 to rotate.

[0028] To improve the full reaction of the raw materials inside the cylinder 1, a stirring mechanism is also included inside the cylinder 1. The stirring mechanism includes a stirring rod 5 rotatably installed at the bottom of the cylinder 1. Multiple stirring blades 6 are fixed on the outer wall of the stirring rod 5. A motor is installed at the lower end of the stirring rod 5 through the bottom wall of the cylinder 1. The motor is located inside the base 4. The motor drives the stirring rod 5 to rotate, causing the stirring rod 5 to drive the stirring blades 6 to move in a circular motion, thereby fully mixing the raw materials inside the cylinder 1 and improving the uniformity of the reaction.

[0029] The side wall of the cylinder 1 located below the sealing plate 7 is connected to a feed pipe 20. The side wall of the cylinder 1 is also equipped with a pressure sensor 3 for real-time monitoring of the pressure inside the cylinder 1. The side wall of the cylinder 1 is also connected to a discharge pipe with a solenoid valve. The feed pipe 20 facilitates the addition of raw materials into the cylinder 1, and the discharge pipe discharges the reacted raw materials. The pressure sensor 3 can monitor the pressure inside the cylinder 1 in real time, thus allowing personnel to monitor the reaction pressure of the raw materials in real time.

[0030] To improve the reaction effect, a temperature control mechanism (not shown in the figure) is also included. The temperature control mechanism includes a temperature sensor 2, a controller, a heating pipe installed inside the side wall of the cylinder 1, and a cooling channel. One end of the cooling channel is connected to a cooling pump that is connected to a cold source, and the other end of the cooling channel is connected to a recovery tank for cold source recovery. The controller is electrically connected to the heating pipe, the cooling pump, and the temperature sensor 2. When the internal temperature of the cylinder 1 needs to be heated, the controller controls the heating pipe to heat the inside of the cylinder 1. When the internal temperature of the cylinder 1 needs to be lowered, the cooling pump transfers the cold source to the cooling channel. The cold source after passing through the cooling channel flows to the recovery tank, so that the cold source in the cooling channel is in a flowing state. The flowing cold source absorbs the heat inside the cylinder 1, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling. The sensing probe of the temperature sensor 2 is located inside the cylinder 1, and the temperature inside the cylinder 1 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 2.

[0031] When using the reactor, raw materials are fed into the reactor through the feed pipe 20. The multiple stirring blades 6 on the stirring rod 5 are rotated by a motor to stir and react the raw materials. A telescopic rod connects the sealing plate 7 to the stirring rod 5, providing guidance and stability. During this process, temperature and pressure are controlled by temperature sensor 2 and pressure sensor 3. Temperature adjustment is achieved by the controller, which adjusts the heating element and the cooler according to the actual temperature.

[0032] The pressure regulation operation is achieved through the setting of the sealing plate 7. When the pressure inside the cylinder 1 is too high, since the volume inside the cylinder 1 is constant, it will squeeze the sealing plate 7 above, causing it to move upward. This causes the multiple lower pushers 14 on the sealing plate 7 to contact the multiple upper pushers 15 on the top cover 21, resulting in compression. At this time, since the ends of the lower pushers 14 and upper pushers 15 that are far apart pass through the sealing plate 7 and the top cover 21 respectively, their ends move vertically away from each other, thereby causing the corresponding multiple telescopic columns 17 and springs to move away from each other. 18 is stretched by the outward-moving sealing cap 16, thereby causing the two sealing caps 16 to separate from the top cap 21 and the sealing plate 7 respectively, exposing a certain gap, i.e., a vent hole. Because the diameter of the vent hole is larger than the diameter of the lower top column 14 and the upper top column 15, gas can flow through, allowing gas to be discharged to the outside through the lower sealing cap 16, sealing plate 7, lower top column 14, upper top column 15, top cap 21, and upper sealing cap 16, achieving the effect of pressure relief. As the air pressure decreases, the spring 18 contracts, sealing... The sealing disc 7 is then reset by the spring 18, facilitating subsequent repeated pressure relief operations. Through the rack 8, as the sealing disc 7 rises, the rack 8 connected to it moves upwards synchronously, causing the meshing gear 9 to rotate. This drives the two moving seats 11 on the bidirectional screw 10 to move horizontally along the axial direction. Since the two plungers 13 are connected to the two moving seats 11 respectively, the movement of the moving seats 11 simultaneously causes the two plungers 13 to disengage from the cylinder 1, exposing the vent hole and achieving the effect of venting. When the pressure decreases, the sealing disc 7 descends and resets, causing the bidirectional screw 10 on the gear 9 to reverse, resetting the two moving seats 11, and re-inserting the plungers 13 into the cylinder 1, completing the pressure control operation. The sealing disc 7 is recommended to be made of 316L stainless steel, with a pressure resistance range of 0.5MPa to 5MPa, suitable for most medium and low-pressure chemical reaction scenarios. For highly corrosive or high-pressure conditions, Hastelloy C-276 (pressure resistance 1MPa to 10MPa) or titanium alloy TA2 (pressure resistance 2MPa to 8MPa) can be selected.

[0033] It should be noted that the material and weight of the sealing plate are selected according to the actual reaction requirements, such as medium and low pressure general polymerization reaction scenarios, strong corrosive medium nitration reaction scenarios, and high pressure polyethylene polymerization reaction scenarios.

[0034] For example, pressure control in a general low-to-medium pressure polymerization reaction scenario:

[0035] Application scenario: This embodiment is applicable to general polymerization reactions (such as polyacrylamide synthesis) under medium and low pressure conditions. The reaction needs to maintain a pressure range of 0.8MPa to 3.5MPa, the medium is an aqueous solution (containing a small amount of organic monomers), and the requirements for corrosion resistance are generally not high.

[0036] Material and structural parameters:

[0037] Cylinder 1: Made of Q345R pressure vessel steel, with an inner diameter of 1500mm, a height of 3000mm, a wall thickness of 16mm, and a design pressure of 6MPa;

[0038] The sealing disc 7 is made of 316L stainless steel (pressure resistance 0.5MPa~5MPa), with a thickness of 50mm and a diameter of 1498mm. It is connected to the inner wall of the cylinder through a fluororubber sealing ring 19 (compression rate 15%).

[0039] Spring 18: 60Si2Mn spring steel, outer diameter 40mm, elastic modulus 500N / mm, pre-compressed to 120mm for installation;

[0040] The plunger 13 is made of 304 stainless steel, with a diameter of 25mm, and is clearance-fitted with the vent hole at the top of the cylinder (diameter 30mm) (0.5mm clearance on one side).

[0041] Sensors: Pressure sensor 3, range 0~6MPa (accuracy 0.1%FS); Temperature sensor 2, range -50℃~300℃ (accuracy ±0.5℃).

[0042] Operation and control process:

[0043] Feeding and initial preparation: Inject acrylamide monomer solution (30% solid content) through feed pipe 20, and after closing the valve, the initial pressure is 0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure).

[0044] Stirring and heating: Start the 30kW motor (200rpm) inside the base 4 to drive the stirring rod 5 and stirring blade 4 (800mm in diameter) to rotate; at the same time, heat to 80℃ (reaction temperature) through the jacket heat transfer oil (120℃).

[0045] In the initial stage of the reaction: the exothermic polymerization caused the pressure to rise at a rate of 0.1 MPa / min. When the pressure reached 0.8 MPa, the controller maintained heating. When the pressure rose to 1.2 MPa, the reaction intensified and the pressure continued to rise.

[0046] Overpressure relief stage: When the pressure reaches 3.5 MPa (set upper limit), the sealing disc 7 is pushed upward by an upward force (approximately 6.1 kN) exceeding the spring preload (5 kN), and begins to move upward. The lower top column 14 contacts and compresses the upper top column 15, the telescopic column 17 stretches, the spring 18 extends, and the upper and lower sealing covers 16 detach from the top cover 21 and the sealing disc 7, exposing a 10 mm vent hole; simultaneously, the rack 8 moves upward (5 mm / s), driving the gear 9 to rotate, the bidirectional screw 10 drives the moving seat 11 to move outward (10 mm / s), and the plunger 13 detaches from the cylinder, exposing a 30 mm vent hole. Gas is discharged through the two sets of vent holes at a pressure relief rate of 0.3 MPa / min. Within 5 minutes, the pressure drops to 3.0 MPa, the spring 18 contracts, the sealing disc 7 resets, and the plunger 13 re-seals.

[0047] Stable operation and results: Within 6 hours of reaction, the pressure remained stable at 2.8MPa to 3.5MPa without overpressure. Compared with the traditional uncontrolled pressure reactor (pressure fluctuation of 0.5MPa to 4.5MPa, with overpressure occurring twice per hour), the pressure control accuracy of this invention is improved by 70%, and the molecular weight distribution of the product is more uniform (PDI decreased from 2.5 to 1.8), verifying its effectiveness in low- and medium-pressure scenarios.

[0048] For example, pressure control in a nitration reaction scenario with highly corrosive media:

[0049] Application scenario: This embodiment is applicable to nitration reactions (such as the production of nitrotoluene from toluene) in highly corrosive media (mixed acid: 65% nitric acid, 30% sulfuric acid, 5% water), and requires control of pressure from 1.2 MPa to 4.5 MPa and temperature from 80°C to 120°C.

[0050] Material and structural parameters:

[0051] Cylinder 1: Q345R steel lined with Hastelloy C-276 (thickness 8mm), inner diameter 1200mm, height 2500mm, wall thickness 20mm, design pressure 8MPa;

[0052] Sealing disc 7: Hastelloy C-276 (compression resistance 1MPa~10MPa), thickness 60mm, diameter 1198mm, connected to the inner wall of the cylinder by perfluoroether rubber sealing ring 19 (compression rate 20%).

[0053] Spring 18: Made of 304 stainless steel (surface coated with PTFE for corrosion protection), outer diameter 45mm, elastic modulus 600N / mm, pre-compressed to 150mm for installation;

[0054] Piston 13: Made of Hastelloy C-276, 30mm in diameter, with clearance fit to the vent hole (35mm in diameter) of the cylinder (0.3mm clearance on one side);

[0055] Sensors: Pressure sensor 3, range 0-8 MPa (tantalum diaphragm isolation, accuracy 0.1% FS); Temperature sensor 2, range 0℃-200℃ (Hastelloy alloy protective sleeve, accuracy ±1℃).

[0056] Operation and control process:

[0057] Feeding and initial preparation: Inject toluene (200 kg) and mixed acid (800 kg) at an initial pressure of 0.15 MPa.

[0058] Stirring and heating: Start the 22kW motor (150rpm) and the 6-bladed oblique paddle fan (600mm in diameter) to mix the materials; jacket steam heating (170℃) to 80℃ (reaction start temperature).

[0059] In the initial stage of the reaction: nitration is exothermic and the pressure rises at a rate of 0.2 MPa / min; when the pressure reaches 1.2 MPa, the jacket cooling water (20℃) is activated to control the temperature; when the pressure rises to 4.5 MPa (the upper limit of the set pressure), the pressure relief is triggered.

[0060] Overpressure relief stage: The sealing disc 7 is pushed by a force (approximately 5.0 kN) exceeding the spring preload (4 kN). After moving upwards, the lower top column 14 and the upper top column 15 are compressed, the telescopic column 17 is stretched, the spring 18 is extended, and the sealing cover 16 detaches, exposing a 12 mm vent hole. Simultaneously, the rack 8 moves upwards (6 mm / s), driving the gear 9 to rotate, and the bidirectional screw 10 drives the moving seat 11 to move outwards (12 mm / s). The plunger 13 detaches from the cylinder, exposing a 35 mm vent hole. Acidic gases (NOx, water vapor) are discharged through the two sets of vent holes at a pressure relief rate of 0.4 MPa / min. Within 4 minutes, the pressure drops to 4.0 MPa, and the spring 18 contracts and resets.

[0061] Long-term operation verification: After 100 hours of continuous operation, the sealing plate 7 showed no obvious corrosion (corrosion rate <0.1mm / year), the sealing ring 19 showed no swelling, and the coating of the spring 18 remained intact. Compared with the traditional 316L reactor (corrosion rate 1.2mm / year, seal failure after 30 hours), the corrosion resistance of this invention is improved by 90%, and the pressure control is stable.

[0062] An example of pressure control in a high-pressure polyethylene polymerization reaction scenario:

[0063] Application scenario: This embodiment is applicable to medium and high pressure polymerization reactions (such as the production of special polyethylene), and the pressure needs to be controlled at 2.0MPa~7.5MPa and the temperature at 180℃~220℃.

[0064] Material and structural parameters:

[0065] Cylinder 1: 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V high-strength steel, inner diameter 800mm, height 2000mm, wall thickness 50mm, design pressure 10MPa;

[0066] Sealing disc 7: Titanium alloy TA2 (pressure resistance 2MPa~8MPa), thickness 80mm, diameter 798mm, sealed to the inner wall of the cylinder by metal O-ring 19 (316L stainless steel, compression rate 25%).

[0067] Spring 18: 17-4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel, outer diameter 50mm, elastic modulus 800N / mm, pre-compressed to 160mm for installation;

[0068] Piston 13: Made of titanium alloy TA2, 35mm in diameter, with an interference fit (0.1mm interference) to the vent hole (40mm) of the cylinder;

[0069] Sensors: Pressure sensor 3, range 0~10MPa (quartz resonant type, accuracy 0.05%FS); Temperature sensor 2, range 0℃~500℃ (titanium alloy protective sleeve, accuracy ±2℃).

[0070] Operation and control process:

[0071] Feeding and initial preparation: Inject ethylene monomer (99.9% purity) and initiator (diethyl peroxide dicarbonate) at an initial pressure of 0.5 MPa.

[0072] Heating and pressurization: The electric heating rod (100kW) heats up to 180°C, and the reciprocating compressor pressurizes to 2.0MPa (reaction initiation pressure).

[0073] Reaction stage: The initiator decomposes to initiate polymerization, and the exothermic reaction causes the pressure to rise rapidly; when the pressure reaches 4.0 MPa, the heating power is adjusted; when the pressure rises to 7.5 MPa (the set upper limit), the pressure is released.

[0074] Overpressure relief stage: The sealing disc 7, subjected to a thrust (approximately 3.7 kN), exceeds the spring preload (3 kN). After moving upwards, the lower top column 14 and upper top column 15 are compressed, the telescopic column 17 is compressed, and the spring 18 is further compressed. The sealing cover 16 detaches, exposing a 15 mm vent hole. Simultaneously, the rack 8 moves upwards (8 mm / s), driving the gear 9 to rotate. The bidirectional screw 10 drives the moving seat 11 to move outwards (15 mm / s), and the plunger 13 overcomes the interference force and detaches from the vent hole (auxiliary spring resets), exposing a 40 mm vent hole. Ethylene gas is discharged through the two sets of vent holes at a pressure relief rate of 0.5 MPa / min. Within 3 minutes, the pressure drops to 7.0 MPa, the spring 18 resets, the sealing disc 7 descends, and the plunger 13 re-seals.

[0075] High-pressure stability test: After 50 hours of continuous operation, the pressure fluctuation was 6.5MPa~7.5MPa. The maximum deformation of the sealing disc 7 was 0.2mm (≤0.5mm design value). The spring 18 showed no plastic deformation, and the leakage rate was <0.1m. 3 / h; compared to traditional uncontrolled pressure reactors (pressure fluctuation 1.0MPa~8.5MPa, leakage rate 1.2m 3 The pressure control accuracy of this invention is improved by 80%, and the monomer conversion rate is increased from 92% to 98%, verifying the reliability in high-pressure scenarios.

[0076] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel, characterized in that: include: A base (4), on which a cylindrical body (1) is mounted; A sealing disc (7) is slidably mounted on the inner top of the cylinder (1); A pressure relief mechanism, comprising a top pressure relief component and a side pressure relief component, wherein the top pressure relief component and the side pressure relief component are connected by a linkage mechanism, wherein the linkage mechanism enables the top pressure relief component and the side pressure relief component to perform pressure relief operations synchronously; The top of the cylinder (1) is fixed with a top cover (21), and the top cover (21) and the side wall of the cylinder (1) are respectively provided with vent holes for the top pressure relief assembly and the side pressure relief assembly to relieve pressure.

2. The pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top pressure relief assembly includes multiple lower top posts (14) slidably connected to the sealing plate (7) and multiple upper top posts (15) slidably connected to the top cover (21). The upper end of the upper top post (15) passes through the top cover (21) and is fixed with a sealing cover (16). The lower end of the lower top post (14) passes through the sealing plate (7) and is also fixed with a sealing cover (16). A reset mechanism for resetting the sealing cover (16) is provided between the sealing plate (7) and the top cover (21).

3. The pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reset mechanism includes multiple telescopic columns (17), which are located on the outer periphery of the lower top column (14) and the outer periphery of the upper top column (15), respectively. A spring (18) is sleeved on the outside of each telescopic column (17), and a sealing ring (19) is fixed on the side of the sealing cover (16) near the spring (18).

4. The pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side pressure relief assembly includes a bidirectional screw (10) rotatably mounted on the upper end of the cylinder (1) and a limiting rod (12) located above the screw. The two ends of the bidirectional screw (10) are threadedly connected to a movable seat (11), and the movable seat (11) is slidably connected to the two ends of the limiting rod (12). A plunger (13) is fixed on one side of the movable seat (11), and the plunger (13) can move horizontally at the vent hole on the side wall of the cylinder (1).

5. A pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The linkage mechanism includes a gear (9) fixed in the middle of the bidirectional screw (10) and a rack (8) fixed in the center of the sealing disc (7), and the gear (9) meshes with the rack (8).

6. The pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a stirring mechanism located inside the cylinder (1), the stirring mechanism including a stirring rod (5) rotatably installed at the bottom of the cylinder (1), the outer wall of the stirring rod (5) is fixed with a plurality of stirring blades (6), the lower end of the stirring rod (5) passes through the bottom wall of the cylinder (1) and a motor is installed thereon, the motor being located inside the base (4).

7. A pressure-controllable chemical reaction vessel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side wall of the cylinder (1) located below the sealing disc (7) is connected to the feed pipe (20), and the side wall of the cylinder (1) is also equipped with a pressure sensor (3) for real-time monitoring of the pressure inside the cylinder (1).

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