An improved multi-phase complex solid waste grading crushing and grinding device

Abstract

The application provides an improved multi-phase complex solid waste grading crushing and grinding device, which comprises a rack, a crushing and grinding system installed on the upper part of the rack and comprising a primary crushing cavity, a transition impurity removal bin and a secondary grinding cavity which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, and a grading return system arranged below the secondary grinding cavity, wherein the feeding end of the grading return system is communicated with the discharging end of the secondary grinding cavity, the discharging end comprises a qualified material discharging port and a coarse material return port, the coarse material return port is communicated with a return inlet of the side wall of the secondary grinding cavity through a return channel to form a closed circuit, and a return conveying mechanism for lifting coarse materials upward is arranged in the return channel. The device integrates the primary crushing cavity, the transition impurity removal bin and the secondary grinding cavity from top to bottom into an integrated processing flow line comprising coarse crushing, impurity removal and fine grinding, so that the problem that large hard particles and sticky agglomerates in multi-phase complex solid waste are difficult to be efficiently treated in a single device is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically to an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device. Background Technology

[0002] Multiphase complex solid wastes, such as coal tar residue, coal-to-oil liquefaction residue, and recycled asphalt pavement materials, are rich in carbonaceous components, mineral components, and residual organic phases. After proper treatment, they can play an important role in the modification and recycling of asphalt materials. Specifically, carbonaceous components and heavy organic components help enhance the structure of asphalt binders, improve the system's stiffness and modulus, and enhance high-temperature stability and rutting resistance. Fine mineral particles can act as fillers in the asphalt system, improving the material's density and structural stability. With the increasing demand for high-value utilization of solid waste in road engineering, higher requirements are being placed on pretreatment equipment for multiphase complex solid wastes.

[0003] However, this type of solid waste is complex in composition and diverse in phase, often containing hard particles, viscous components, agglomerates, and metallic impurities. Existing treatment equipment still has many shortcomings: single-stage crushing is difficult to simultaneously handle the deagglomeration of large particles and the grinding of fine materials, resulting in low processing efficiency; metallic impurities and high-hardness foreign objects easily enter the grinding section, exacerbating equipment wear; materials are prone to adhesion, agglomeration, or blockage, affecting continuous operation; at the same time, the lack of an effective grading and screening system and a closed-loop return structure leads to poor control of the output particle size and poor uniformity. Therefore, the current technology lacks a dedicated crushing and grinding device that can integrate the treatment of multiphase complex solid waste materials. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a special crushing and grinding device that can integrate the processing of multiphase complex solid waste materials.

[0005] This application is achieved through the following technical solution, specifically: An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading and grinding device includes a frame, a grading and grinding system installed on the upper part of the frame, and a grading and return system disposed below the secondary grinding chamber. The grading and grinding system includes a primary grading chamber, a transition impurity removal chamber, and a secondary grinding chamber connected sequentially from top to bottom. The feed end of the grading and return system is connected to the discharge end of the secondary grinding chamber. The discharge end of the grading and return system includes a qualified material discharge port and a coarse material return port. The coarse material return port is connected to the return inlet on the side wall of the secondary grinding chamber through a return channel to form a closed loop. The return channel is provided with a return conveying mechanism for lifting the coarse material from bottom to top.

[0006] Furthermore, the graded material return system is equipped with an airflow grading structure.

[0007] Preferably, the airflow grading structure includes an air inlet grid and an air duct assembly disposed on the side of the cavity, and the qualified material outlet is connected to the exhaust end of the air duct assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, the primary crushing chamber is equipped with a double-toothed roller crushing assembly, which includes a first toothed roller and a second toothed roller arranged horizontally side by side and rotating in opposite directions.

[0009] Preferably, at least one of the first toothed roller and the second toothed roller is connected to a position adjustment mechanism to adjust the roller spacing between the first toothed roller and the second toothed roller.

[0010] Furthermore, the transition impurity removal chamber is equipped with a magnetic separation assembly, which includes a magnetic separation drum disposed in the transition impurity removal chamber, a baffle shell surrounding the outside of the magnetic separation drum, and a guide plate inclinedly disposed above the magnetic separation drum. The baffle shell is provided with a feeding channel communicating with the secondary grinding chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the side of the transition impurity removal chamber is provided with an impurity discharge port, and the baffle cover is also provided with an impurity discharge channel communicating with the impurity discharge port, and a first scraper plate abutting against the magnetic separator drum is provided in the impurity discharge channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the secondary grinding chamber is provided with a grinding assembly; the grinding assembly includes a horizontally fixed lower grinding disc and an upper grinding disc located directly above the lower grinding disc; the upper grinding disc is connected to a vertically upward drive spindle, which drives it to rotate, and the lower surface of the upper grinding disc is arranged opposite to the upper surface of the lower grinding disc to form a grinding gap.

[0013] Preferably, the secondary grinding chamber is further provided with a second scraper, which is vertically arranged on the outer side of the upper and lower grinding discs and is used to clean the inner wall of the secondary grinding chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the device also includes a feeding system disposed above the primary crushing chamber, the feeding system including a feeding hopper and an arch-breaking and stirring assembly disposed inside the feeding hopper.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: By setting up a graded structure with a primary crushing chamber and a transitional impurity removal chamber, large agglomerates in multiphase complex solid waste can be crushed and deagglomerated first, and metal impurities can be removed first by magnetic separation components, reducing the wear of subsequent grinding components. By setting up grinding components in the secondary grinding chamber, the impurity-removed material can be finely ground. By setting up a graded return system and its closed-loop return channel, the material can be graded in a closed loop, so that qualified fine material is discharged and coarse material is automatically returned for further grinding, thereby improving the uniformity of the output particle size and the overall processing efficiency.

[0016] In addition to the technical problems solved by this utility model, the technical features constituting the technical solution, and the advantages brought about by the technical features of these technical solutions as described above, other technical problems that this utility model can solve, other technical features contained in the technical solution, and the advantages brought about by these technical features will be further explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application, from another perspective. Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is an isometric sectional view of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a front cross-sectional view of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Frame; 21. Primary grinding chamber; 211. First toothed roller; 212. Second toothed roller; 22. Transition impurity removal chamber; 221. Impurity discharge port; 222. Magnetic separation drum; 223. Material baffle cover; 224. Guide plate; 225. First scraper; 23. Secondary grinding chamber; 231. Lower grinding disc; 232. Upper grinding disc; 233. Second scraper; 31. Qualified material outlet; 32. Coarse material return port; 33. Return material channel; 34. Return material inlet; 35. Return material conveying mechanism; 36. Air inlet grid; 37. Exhaust fan assembly; 41. Feed hopper; 42. Arch breaking and stirring assembly; 5. Emergency stop button. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-5 The embodiments of the technical solution of this application are described in detail below. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, and are therefore merely examples and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this utility model described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0020] In view of the problems existing in the background technology or products, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the graded crushing and grinding device according to another perspective of an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is an isometric sectional view of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a front cross-sectional view of an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] like Figure 1-5 As shown in the figure, this application provides an improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing and grinding device, including: Rack 1; The crushing and grinding system is installed on the upper part of the frame 1 and includes a primary crushing chamber 21, a transition impurity removal chamber 22 and a secondary grinding chamber 23 connected sequentially from top to bottom; A graded return system is located below the secondary grinding chamber 23. The feed end of the graded return system is connected to the discharge end of the secondary grinding chamber 23. The discharge end of the graded return system includes a qualified material discharge port 31 and a coarse material return port 32. The coarse material return port 32 is connected to the return inlet 34 on the side wall of the secondary grinding chamber 23 through a return channel 33 to form a closed loop. The return channel 33 is provided with a return conveying mechanism 35 for lifting the coarse material from bottom to top.

[0022] Specifically, frame 1 serves as the supporting structure for the entire device, constructed using welded or bolted steel sections. It bears the entire weight and operating load of the crushing and grinding system and the grading and return system. The crushing and grinding system is installed in the upper part of frame 1, employing a top-to-bottom interconnected layout. This allows materials to pass sequentially through the primary crushing chamber 21, the transition impurity removal chamber 22, and the secondary grinding chamber 23 under gravity, eliminating the need for additional material lifting or conveying devices and reducing equipment complexity and energy consumption. The primary crushing chamber 21 is used for preliminary crushing and de-agglomeration of large agglomerates. The transition impurity removal chamber 22 removes metallic impurities from the material after crushing but before grinding. The secondary grinding chamber 23 further refines and grinds the impurity-removed material. The grading and return system is located below the secondary grinding chamber 23. The ground material naturally falls into the grading and return system under gravity for screening and grading. The qualified material outlet 31 is used to discharge finished materials with the required particle size, while the coarse material return outlet 32 ​​sends the non-compliant coarse particles back to the secondary grinding chamber 23 for further grinding through the return channel 33. The return channel 33 connects the coarse material return outlet 32 ​​to the return inlet 34 on the side wall of the secondary grinding chamber 23, forming a closed-loop circulation of materials from grinding to grading and then back, ensuring that the final output particle size meets the requirements. The return conveying mechanism 35 is used to lift the coarse material from bottom to top to the return inlet 34. It can be a screw conveyor, bucket elevator, or pneumatic conveying device, etc., powered by an independent drive motor, and the conveying speed can be adjusted according to the grinding conditions.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting up a primary crushing chamber, a transitional impurity removal chamber, and a secondary grinding chamber connected sequentially from top to bottom, the material is graded, crushed, and impurity removed. Large agglomerates are first crushed and deagglomerated before entering the grinding chamber, resulting in a more uniform grinding load and higher processing efficiency. By setting up a graded return system and forming a closed-loop circulation, unqualified coarse materials are automatically returned to the secondary grinding chamber for further grinding, ensuring the uniformity and consistency of the output particle size and avoiding the problem of substandard particle size in a single grinding cycle. By setting up a return conveying mechanism to lift the coarse materials from bottom to top, the automated operation of the closed-loop return system is realized, reducing manual intervention.

[0024] Optionally, the frame 1 is equipped with an emergency stop button 5. When the equipment malfunctions, the emergency stop button 5 can quickly cut off the relevant drive power supply, stop the equipment operation, and improve the safety of equipment operation.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the graded return system is provided with an airflow grading structure.

[0026] Specifically, the airflow classification structure utilizes the difference in carrying capacity of airflow for particles of different sizes to classify them. When the ground material enters the classification and return system, the airflow classification structure generates a directional airflow. The lighter, finer particles are carried away by the airflow and discharged through the qualified material outlet 31, while the heavier, coarser particles overcome the airflow and settle, entering the return channel 33 through the coarse material return outlet 32. Compared with traditional purely mechanical screening methods, the airflow classification structure has the advantages of high classification accuracy, less clogging, and large processing capacity. It is especially suitable for scenarios with high viscous component content in multiphase complex solid waste, and can effectively avoid screen clogging problems.

[0027] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the airflow grading structure includes an air inlet grid 36 and an air duct assembly 37 disposed on the side of the cavity, and the qualified material outlet 31 is connected to the exhaust end of the air duct assembly 37.

[0028] Specifically, the air inlet grid 36 is installed on the side wall of the grading and return system cavity to introduce external airflow and create a uniform transverse or rotating airflow field within the cavity. The air inlet grid 36 can employ a structure of multiple sets of parallel-arranged guide vanes to ensure that the airflow entering the cavity is in a consistent direction and evenly distributed, avoiding the generation of local eddies that could affect the grading effect. The exhaust fan assembly 37 is located above or to the side of the cavity to create a negative pressure environment within the cavity, driving the airflow from the air inlet grid 36 into and through the material layer. The exhaust fan assembly 37 can be a centrifugal fan or an axial fan, and its airflow and velocity can be adjusted according to the material characteristics and target particle size. The qualified material outlet 31 is connected to the exhaust end of the exhaust fan assembly 37, allowing qualified fine particles carried by the airflow to be discharged through the exhaust fan assembly 37 and subsequently collected as a finished product after gas-solid separation by equipment such as a cyclone separator or a bag filter. Coarse particles that do not meet the particle size requirements are too large to be effectively carried by the airflow. They settle down to the coarse material return port 32 under the action of gravity and return to the secondary grinding chamber 23 through the return channel 33.

[0029] The above technical solution forms a directional airflow field through the combination of the air inlet grid and the air duct assembly. The structure is simple and easy to adjust. It can flexibly adjust the air volume and air speed according to the particle size distribution characteristics of different materials to achieve efficient airflow classification. The qualified material outlet is connected to the exhaust end of the air duct assembly, so that fine particles are directly discharged with the airflow, reducing the retention of materials in the cavity and secondary back mixing, thereby improving the classification efficiency and finished product collection rate.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the primary crushing chamber 21 is provided with a double toothed roller crushing assembly, which includes a first toothed roller 211 and a second toothed roller 212 arranged horizontally side by side and rotating in opposite directions.

[0031] Specifically, the primary crushing chamber 21 is the initial crushing site for materials, with its upper part connected to the feeding system and its lower part connected to the transition and impurity removal chamber 22. The first toothed roller 211 and the second toothed roller 212 of the double-toothed roller crushing assembly are horizontally installed side-by-side within the primary crushing chamber 21, with a preset roller gap between them. When the material passes through the gap between the two toothed rollers, it is crushed under the squeezing and shearing action of the two toothed rollers rotating in opposite directions. The surfaces of the first toothed roller 211 and the second toothed roller 212 are provided with staggered crushing teeth. The shape, size, and arrangement of the crushing teeth can be designed according to the hardness, particle size, and other characteristics of the material. When the material enters between the two toothed rollers, larger agglomerates are first bitten by the crushing teeth and crushed into smaller pieces under the squeezing action. At the same time, the shearing action between the teeth can tear and deagglomerate viscous agglomerates, effectively solving the problem of large materials being difficult to crush in one go. The driving method of the double-toothed roller crushing assembly can be one roller driven and one roller driven, or both rollers can be driven by independent motors to achieve more flexible speed and torque control.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments of this application, at least one of the first toothed roller 211 and the second toothed roller 212 is connected to a position adjustment mechanism to adjust the roller spacing between the first toothed roller 211 and the second toothed roller 212.

[0033] Specifically, the position adjustment mechanism can be located at the bearing seat of the first toothed roller 211, or simultaneously at the bearing seats of both the first toothed roller 211 and the second toothed roller 212. The position adjustment mechanism can be achieved by means of hydraulic cylinder actuation, screw and nut adjustment, or slider guide rail with set screw positioning, etc., changing the distance between the two toothed rollers by adjusting the position of the bearing seat on the guide rail. The adjustment range of the roller distance can be set according to the actual material characteristics. For example, for materials with high hardness and large particle size, the roller distance can be appropriately increased to ensure smooth feeding; for materials with smaller particle size and requiring finer output, the roller distance can be decreased to increase the crushing ratio. During operation, when encountering uncrushable foreign objects (such as high-hardness stones), the position adjustment mechanism can also provide overload protection, allowing the toothed rollers to temporarily yield when foreign objects pass through, preventing equipment damage.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the transition impurity removal chamber 22 is provided with a magnetic separation assembly, which includes a magnetic separation drum 222 disposed in the transition impurity removal chamber 22, a baffle cover 223 surrounding the outside of the magnetic separation drum 222, and a guide plate 224 inclinedly disposed above the magnetic separation drum 222. The baffle cover 223 is provided with a feeding channel communicating with the secondary grinding chamber 23.

[0035] Specifically, the magnetic separator 222 is the core component of the magnetic separation assembly, containing a permanent magnet or electromagnet inside and having a magnetic field distribution on its surface. The baffle shroud 223 includes an arc-shaped guide section located below and to one side of the magnetic separator 222. The arc-shaped guide section extends circumferentially along the magnetic separator 222 and forms a radial gap with the outer circumferential surface of the magnetic separator 222. This radial gap constitutes a material passage for non-magnetic materials to pass through and accumulate upwards. The guide plate 224 is inclinedly disposed on the upper side of the magnetic separator 222. A vertical feeding channel is formed between the guide plate 224 and the baffle shroud 223. The mixture after being crushed by the primary crushing chamber 21 falls into the material contact area below the magnetic separator 222 through the vertical feeding channel.

[0036] During operation, the magnetic separator 222 rotates around its own axis in a preset direction, causing its outer peripheral surface facing the discharge port 221 to move from bottom to top. The material contact area is located below the magnetic separator 222, biased towards the discharge port 221, while the feeding channel is located on the other side of the magnetic separator 222 and communicates with the secondary grinding chamber 23.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the side of the transition impurity removal bin 22 is provided with an impurity discharge port 221, and the baffle cover 223 is also provided with an impurity discharge channel communicating with the impurity discharge port 221. The impurity discharge channel is provided with a first scraper 225 that abuts against the magnetic separator 222.

[0038] Specifically, the impurity discharge port 221 is located on the side wall of the transition impurity removal chamber 22, and is used to discharge the metal impurities separated by magnetic separation to the outside of the equipment. The baffle cover 223 is provided with an impurity discharge channel, one end of which is located near the surface of the magnetic separation drum 222, and the other end is connected to the impurity discharge port 221. The first scraper 225 is located in the impurity discharge channel, and its cutting edge abuts against the surface of the magnetic separation drum 222. When the magnetic separation drum 222 rotates, the ferromagnetic impurities adsorbed on the surface of the drum rotate with the drum to the position of the first scraper 225, are scraped off the surface of the drum by the first scraper 225, and then discharged along the impurity discharge channel through the impurity discharge port 221.

[0039] The contact pressure between the first scraper 225 and the surface of the magnetic separator 222 should be moderate, so as to ensure the scraping effect and avoid excessive wear on the surface of the roller. The contact pressure can be adjusted by the elastic adjustment mechanism.

[0040] The magnetic separation assembly operates as follows: The mixed material (containing both ferromagnetic metal impurities and non-magnetic solid waste particles) after being crushed in the primary crushing chamber 21 falls through the vertical feeding channel. Under the influence of gravity, it forms a material layer in the material contact area below the magnetic separation drum 222 and accumulates upwards, ensuring that the top of the material layer is in full contact with the lower outer circumferential surface of the magnetic separation drum 222. Wherein: For ferromagnetic metal impurities, they are attracted to the outer circumference of the magnetic separation drum 222 by the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic field on the surface of the drum, and are lifted up as the drum rotates from bottom to top. After passing the material contact area, they are carried to the first scraper 225, where the first scraper 225 scrapes them off the surface of the drum and discharges them out of the equipment through the discharge port 221 via the discharge channel, thus realizing the continuous separation and discharge of metal impurities. For non-magnetic materials, which are not subject to magnetic attraction, under the extrusion pressure of the rotating magnetic separator 222 and the material level pressure formed by continuous feeding, they climb upward and accumulate along the radial gap between the baffle 223 and the magnetic separator 222. When the accumulation height exceeds the overflow edge on the side of the arc-shaped guide section away from the material contact area, the non-magnetic material crosses the overflow edge under the action of gravity and falls into the secondary grinding chamber 23 through the feeding channel for subsequent grinding.

[0041] Therefore, the magnetic separation component uses the extrusion force of the rotating magnetic separation drum 222 and the material level pressure formed by continuous feeding as the driving force for conveying non-magnetic materials upward. Combined with the active magnetic attraction and lifting of ferromagnetic impurities by the magnetic separation drum 222, the ferromagnetic impurities and non-magnetic materials are discharged in opposite directions on both sides of the magnetic separation drum 222, so as to achieve continuous and stable separation of magnetic and non-magnetic materials.

[0042] Preferably, the radial gap between the arc-shaped guide section of the baffle 223 and the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic separator 222 is not less than 3 to 5 times the maximum particle size of the material to be processed, and the material contact area has an accumulation space in the radial direction of the magnetic separator 222 that is greater than the width of the vertical feeding channel.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the secondary grinding chamber 23 is provided with a grinding assembly; the grinding assembly includes a horizontally fixed lower grinding disc 231 and an upper grinding disc 232 located directly above the lower grinding disc 231; the upper grinding disc 232 is connected to a vertically upward drive spindle, which drives it to rotate, and the lower surface of the upper grinding disc 232 is arranged opposite to the upper surface of the lower grinding disc 231 to form a grinding gap.

[0044] Specifically, the secondary grinding chamber 23 is the fine grinding area for materials. Its upper part is connected to the transition impurity removal chamber 22 via a material guide channel or directly, and its lower discharge end is connected to the classification and return system. The lower grinding disc 231 is horizontally fixed at the bottom of the secondary grinding chamber 23, serving as the static grinding surface. Its upper surface is provided with grinding patterns or grooves to enhance the grinding effect. The upper grinding disc 232 is located directly above the lower grinding disc 231 and is connected to the grinding drive device via a vertically upward drive shaft. The drive shaft is driven by a motor or reducer (not shown in the figure), causing the upper grinding disc 232 to rotate around its central axis. The lower surface of the upper grinding disc 232 is positioned opposite to the upper surface of the lower grinding disc 231, forming a grinding gap between them. The material enters the grinding gap from the central area or side of the upper grinding disc 232. Under the centrifugal force and grinding pressure generated by the rotation of the upper grinding disc 232, it is gradually refined by the squeezing and grinding action between the lower surface of the upper grinding disc 232 and the upper surface of the lower grinding disc 231. The size of the grinding gap can be adjusted according to the target output particle size, usually by adjusting the axial distance between the upper grinding disc 232 and the lower grinding disc 231. The rotational speed of the upper grinding disc 232 can be adjusted according to the material characteristics and grinding requirements.

[0045] In some preferred embodiments of this application, a second scraper 233 is further provided in the secondary grinding chamber 23. The second scraper 233 is vertically arranged on the outer side of the upper grinding disc 232 and the lower grinding disc 231, and is used to clean the inner wall of the secondary grinding chamber 23.

[0046] Specifically, since multiphase complex solid waste often contains viscous organic components, frictional heat during grinding may cause the organic phase to soften and adhere to the chamber wall. The second scraper 233 effectively solves this problem. The second scraper 233 is vertically installed on the outer side of the grinding area of ​​the upper grinding disc 232 and the lower grinding disc 231. The second scraper 233 can be linked with the drive shaft of the upper grinding disc 232 and rotate with the drive shaft, or it can be driven by an independent low-speed drive mechanism. The outer edge of the second scraper 233 is in close contact with the inner wall of the secondary grinding chamber 23. During rotation, it scrapes off the material adhering to the inner wall, allowing it to fall back into the grinding area for further grinding, thus preventing the material from adhering, accumulating, and agglomerating on the chamber wall.

[0047] The number of second scraper blades 233 can be set to one or more, evenly distributed along the circumference to ensure that there are no dead corners in the scraping coverage area. The material of the second scraper blades 233 can be a wear-resistant material with a certain degree of elasticity, such as polyurethane elastomer or wear-resistant rubber, to ensure the scraping effect while avoiding damage to the cavity wall.

[0048] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the device further includes a feeding system disposed above the primary crushing chamber 21, the feeding system including a feeding hopper 41 and an arch-breaking and stirring assembly 42 disposed inside the feeding hopper 41.

[0049] Specifically, the feeding system is located above the primary crushing chamber 21, and the lower outlet of the feeding hopper 41 is connected to the feed inlet of the primary crushing chamber 21. The feeding hopper 41 is typically designed as a funnel shape, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, to facilitate material feeding and natural descent. The anti-bridging agitator 42 is located inside the feeding hopper 41 and may include a stirring shaft and stirring blades or stirring rods mounted on the stirring shaft. The stirring shaft is driven to rotate by a motor, and the stirring blades or stirring rods continuously agitate the material in the feeding hopper 41 during rotation, breaking up the arched blockage structure formed by material adhesion or bridging, allowing the material to fall smoothly from the feeding hopper 41 into the primary crushing chamber 21. Since multiphase complex solid waste often contains sticky organic components and moist materials, agglomeration and bridging are prone to occur in the feeding hopper 41, leading to interruptions or uneven feeding. The anti-bridging agitator 42 effectively solves this problem, ensuring the continuity and stability of feeding. The stirring speed of the arch-breaking stirring component 42 is adjustable to adapt to the feeding requirements of materials with different viscosities.

[0050] Reference Figures 1 to 5 The following is a detailed description of the overall working process of this application.

[0051] Multiphase complex solid waste (such as coal tar residue, coal-to-oil liquefaction residue, or recycled old asphalt pavement materials) is first fed into the equipment through the feed hopper 41 of the feeding system. The arch-breaking and stirring component 42 inside the feed hopper 41 continuously agitates the material to prevent bridging and blockage within the feed hopper 41, ensuring that the material falls continuously and stably into the primary crushing chamber 21.

[0052] After the material enters the primary crushing chamber 21, the first toothed roller 211 and the second toothed roller 212 of the double toothed roller crushing assembly rotate in opposite directions to squeeze and shear large agglomerates and coke lumps. By adjusting the roller gap between the first toothed roller 211 and the second toothed roller 212, the crushing requirements of materials with different particle sizes and hardness can be adapted to ensure that the output particle size meets the needs of subsequent grinding processes.

[0053] After initial crushing, the material falls into the transition impurity removal chamber 22. The guide plate 224 directs the material to the effective adsorption area of ​​the magnetic separator 222. Ferromagnetic impurities (such as iron nails, iron filings, and metal fragments) in the material are adsorbed by the rotating surface of the magnetic separator 222, while non-magnetic materials enter the secondary grinding chamber 23 via the feed channel through the baffle 223. The adsorbed metal impurities rotate with the magnetic separator 222 to the position of the first scraper 225, where they are scraped off the surface of the drum and discharged outside the equipment through the discharge port 221, achieving continuous automatic separation and discharge of metal impurities.

[0054] After impurity removal, the material enters the secondary grinding chamber 23, where it undergoes fine grinding within the grinding gap formed between the upper grinding disc 232 and the lower grinding disc 231. The upper grinding disc 232 rotates under the drive of the main shaft, applying pressure and grinding action to the material, gradually refining it to the target particle size. During the grinding process, the second scraper 233 rotates in conjunction with the drive shaft, scraping off material adhering to the inner wall of the secondary grinding chamber 23 to prevent material adhesion and accumulation. The ground material falls from the outlet of the secondary grinding chamber 23 into the grading and return system.

[0055] In the graded material return system, the airflow priming component 37 of the airflow grading structure generates negative pressure, and external airflow enters the cavity through the air inlet grid 36, forming a directional airflow field within the cavity. The ground material is graded under the combined action of airflow and gravity: fine particles of the required size are carried by the airflow through the priming component 37 and discharged from the qualified material outlet 31, subsequently collected by a gas-solid separation device; coarse particles that do not meet the size requirements settle and enter the return channel 33 through the coarse material return inlet 32, where they are lifted from bottom to top to the return inlet 34 by the return conveying mechanism 35, and re-enter the secondary grinding chamber 23 for further grinding, thus forming a closed-loop circulation process. By adjusting the airflow and velocity of the priming component 37, the graded particle size can be flexibly controlled to meet the requirements of different application scenarios for the discharge particle size.

[0056] The entire system operates in synergy, enabling continuous and automated processing of multiphase complex solid waste from feeding, crushing, impurity removal, grinding to graded discharge. The graded design of primary crushing and secondary grinding ensures more uniform workload and higher processing efficiency for each stage of equipment; magnetic separation removes metal impurities before grinding, effectively protecting the grinding components; the closed-loop return system ensures uniformity and consistency of the output particle size, avoiding the problem of substandard particle size in a single grinding cycle; the arch-breaking stirring component and scraper plate respectively solve the problem of material adhesion and blockage during feeding and grinding processes, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0057] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "set", "equipped with", "connected", and "installed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device, characterized in that, include: Rack (1); The crushing and grinding system (2) is installed on the upper part of the frame (1) and includes a primary crushing chamber (21), a transition impurity removal chamber (22) and a secondary grinding chamber (23) connected from top to bottom. A graded return system (3) is located below the secondary grinding chamber (23). The feed end of the graded return system (3) is connected to the discharge end of the secondary grinding chamber (23). The discharge end of the graded return system (3) includes a qualified material discharge port (31) and a coarse material return port (32). The coarse material return port (32) is connected to the return inlet (34) on the side wall of the secondary grinding chamber (23) through the return channel (33) to form a closed loop. The return channel (33) is provided with a return conveying mechanism (35) for lifting the coarse material from bottom to top.

2. The improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The graded return system (3) is equipped with an airflow grading structure.

3. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The airflow grading structure includes an air inlet grid (36) and an air duct assembly (37) disposed on the side of the cavity. The qualified material outlet (31) is connected to the exhaust end of the air duct assembly (37).

4. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The primary crushing chamber (21) is equipped with a double toothed roller crushing assembly, which includes a first toothed roller (211) and a second toothed roller (212) arranged horizontally side by side and rotating in opposite directions.

5. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, At least one of the first toothed roller (211) and the second toothed roller (212) is connected to a position adjustment mechanism to adjust the roller spacing between the first toothed roller (211) and the second toothed roller (212).

6. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transition impurity removal chamber (22) is equipped with a magnetic separation assembly, which includes a magnetic separation drum (222) disposed in the transition impurity removal chamber (222), a baffle cover (223) surrounding the outside of the magnetic separation drum (222), and a guide plate (224) inclined above the magnetic separation drum (222). The baffle cover (223) is provided with a feeding channel communicating with the secondary grinding chamber (23).

7. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The side of the transition impurity removal bin (22) is provided with an impurity discharge port (221), and the baffle cover (223) is also provided with an impurity discharge channel communicating with the impurity discharge port (221). The impurity discharge channel is provided with a first scraper plate (225) that abuts against the magnetic separator (222).

8. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary grinding chamber (23) is equipped with a grinding component; The grinding assembly includes a horizontally fixed lower grinding disc (231) and an upper grinding disc (232) located directly above the lower grinding disc (231). The upper grinding disc (232) is connected to a vertically upward drive spindle, which drives it to rotate. The lower surface of the upper grinding disc (232) is arranged opposite to the upper surface of the lower grinding disc (231) to form a grinding gap.

9. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The secondary grinding chamber (23) is also provided with a second scraper (233), which is vertically arranged on the outer side of the upper grinding disc (232) and the lower grinding disc (231) for cleaning the inner wall of the secondary grinding chamber (23).

10. An improved multiphase complex solid waste grading, crushing, and grinding device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It also includes a feeding system (4) disposed above the primary crushing chamber (21), the feeding system (4) including a feeding hopper (41) and an arch-breaking stirring assembly (42) disposed inside the feeding hopper (41).

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