A mechanical workpiece blank roughing device

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical processing equipment technical field, concretely is a kind of mechanical workpiece blank rough machining device, including workbench and clamping mechanism, clamping mechanism includes the installation box of fixed installation on adjusting assembly, two self-adapting clamping assemblies are symmetrically slid in the inside of installation box, the inside of installation box is equipped with the control component for controlling two self-adapting clamping assemblies mutually close or mutually away;By setting self-adapting clamping assembly and self-check locking component, the distance of two self-adapting clamping assemblies is controlled by control component, different size rectangular blank or different diameter circular blank can be covered, reduce the frequency of fixture replacement due to the size difference of workpiece, simultaneously, self-check locking component can real-time perception and the contact pressure of blank, when pressure reaches set threshold value, self-check locking component triggers lock mechanism, the clamping mechanism after lock can bear the cutting force and vibration in milling process, prevent the dimensional deviation caused by workpiece displacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining equipment technology, and in particular to a rough machining device for mechanical workpiece blanks. Background Technology

[0002] Rough machining of a workpiece blank is the initial stage in the machining process. Its main purpose is to quickly remove most of the excess material from the blank, forming a rough shape close to the final shape of the part, thus laying the foundation for subsequent finish machining. Milling machines are one of the important pieces of equipment for rough machining of workpieces, and the two are closely related in terms of machining objectives, process characteristics, and application scenarios.

[0003] Milling machines use rotating milling cutters (such as end mills, cylindrical milling cutters, and three-sided milling cutters) to cut blanks, which can quickly remove excess material from large areas or deep cavity structures.

[0004] A milling machine protective device disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN222643328U uses a vise to fix the workpiece on the worktable. The longitudinal, transverse, and vertical feed movements of the worktable cause the cutting tool to move relative to the workpiece, thereby achieving cutting. However, according to milling machines and existing technologies in related fields, traditional milling machine vises rely on fixed planar jaws and can only clamp regular rectangular or square workpieces. They cannot directly clamp circular, elliptical, or irregularly shaped blanks (such as shafts, gear blanks, and cast bosses). When clamping cylindrical blanks, additional V-blocks are required for auxiliary positioning. However, the specifications of the V-blocks are fixed, and they need to be frequently replaced when changing shapes. Furthermore, uneven clamping force can easily cause the workpiece to roll, leading to milling eccentricity errors. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, solve the problems mentioned in the background art, and provide a rough machining device for mechanical workpiece blanks.

[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: A rough machining device for mechanical workpiece blanks, comprising a worktable and a clamping mechanism. The rear side of the top of the worktable is provided with a drive assembly for mounting milling cutters and controlling the rotation of the milling cutters. The worktable is provided with a lifting component for controlling the lifting and lowering of the drive assembly. The worktable is provided with an adjustment assembly for controlling the clamping mechanism to move forward and backward and left and right. The clamping mechanism includes a mounting box fixedly mounted on the adjustment assembly. Two adaptive clamping components are symmetrically slidably arranged inside the mounting box. The mounting box is provided with a control assembly for controlling the two adaptive clamping components to move closer to or further away from each other.

[0007] Preferably, the adaptive clamping assembly includes a movable plate slidably disposed inside the mounting box, a plurality of positioning rods slidably disposed on the movable plate, a slider fixedly disposed at the bottom end of each of the plurality of positioning rods, a groove being provided on the movable plate corresponding to the positions of the plurality of sliders, a plurality of first elastic elements being fixedly disposed between the sliders and the grooves, and a self-testing locking assembly being provided on each of the plurality of positioning rods for sensing the contact pressure with the blank and locking its position.

[0008] Preferably, the self-testing locking assembly includes a first chamber located at the center of the positioning rod, a first piston slidably disposed longitudinally below the first chamber, a biting plate fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the first piston, a plurality of biting teeth fixedly disposed on the side of the biting plate away from the first piston, a mating groove being provided on the opposite side of the positioning rods on the two movable plates, a second chamber being provided on each positioning rod corresponding to the position of the mating groove, the second chamber being connected to the first chamber, a second piston slidably disposed laterally inside the second chamber, a detection plate being fixedly disposed at the end of the second piston located outside the positioning rod, the mating groove being an arc-shaped groove, the detection plate being adapted to the mating groove, a second elastic element being fixedly disposed at the top end of the first piston and the inner top surface of the first chamber, and hydraulic oil being provided inside both the first chamber and the second chamber.

[0009] Preferably, the slider is T-shaped, and a receiving groove is provided on the slider corresponding to the position of the biting plate.

[0010] Preferably, each of the movable plates has an installation groove corresponding to the receiving groove, and a flexible pad is embedded inside the installation groove.

[0011] Preferably, the control component includes a lead screw rotatably mounted on the mounting box. The lead screw is a left- or right-hand threaded rod and is horizontally mounted on the mounting box. Both movable plates have threaded holes that are adapted to the position of the lead screw. A knob is fixedly mounted on one end of the lead screw.

[0012] Preferably, a fixing rod is fixedly provided inside the mounting box, the fixing rod is arranged horizontally inside the mounting box, and the two movable plates are provided with movable holes corresponding to the positions of the fixing rod.

[0013] Preferably, the mounting box has rotating holes at both ends of the lead screw, and both ends of the lead screw are connected to the rotating holes through bearings.

[0014] Preferably, the top opening of the mounting box is fixedly provided with partitions between the multiple positioning rods, and the front and rear sides of the mounting box are provided with slots.

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] This rough machining device for mechanical workpiece blanks, by setting up an adaptive clamping component and a self-checking locking component, and controlling the distance between the two adaptive clamping components by the control component, can cover rectangular blanks of different sizes or circular blanks of different diameters, reducing the frequency of fixture changes due to differences in workpiece size. At the same time, the self-checking locking component can sense the contact pressure with the blank in real time. When the pressure reaches the set threshold, the self-checking locking component triggers the locking mechanism. After locking, the clamping mechanism can withstand the cutting force and vibration during the milling process, preventing dimensional deviations caused by workpiece displacement, and avoiding machining accidents caused by loose screws in traditional manual fixtures. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural diagram of the overall device of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of the overall device of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive clamping component of this utility model when it is not clamping a workpiece;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state when the adaptive clamping component of this utility model clamps a rectangular workpiece;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the adaptive clamping component of this utility model when clamping a circular workpiece;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control component of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive clamping assembly of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the engagement plate when the pressure of the detection plate of this utility model does not reach the threshold.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the biting plate after the pressure of the detection plate of this utility model reaches the threshold.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Workbench; 2. Drive assembly; 3. Lifting component; 4. Adjustment assembly; 5. Mounting box; 501. Fixing rod; 502. Partition; 503. Groove; 6. Adaptive clamping assembly; 601. Movable plate; 6011. Mounting groove; 6012. Flexible pad; 602. Positioning rod; 603. Slider; 6031. Receiving groove; 604. Slide groove; 605. First elastic element; 7. Control assembly; 701. Lead screw; 702. Knob; 8. Self-test locking assembly; 801. First chamber; 802. First piston; 803. Engaging plate; 804. Engaging teeth; 805. Mating groove; 806. Second chamber; 807. Second piston; 808. Detection plate; 809. Second elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be further set forth in the description which follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank includes a worktable 1 and a clamping mechanism. A drive assembly 2 for mounting a milling cutter and controlling its rotation is provided on the rear side of the top of the worktable 1. A lifting component 3 for controlling the lifting and lowering of the drive assembly 2 is provided on the worktable 1. An adjustment assembly 4 for controlling the clamping mechanism to move forward and backward and left and right is provided on the worktable 1. The clamping mechanism includes a mounting box 5 fixedly mounted on the adjustment assembly 4. Two adaptive clamping components 6 are symmetrically slidably arranged inside the mounting box 5. A control assembly 7 for controlling the two adaptive clamping components 6 to move closer to or further away from each other is provided inside the mounting box 5.

[0031] like Figures 3 to 9As shown, the adaptive clamping assembly 6 includes a movable plate 601 slidably disposed inside the mounting box 5. Multiple positioning rods 602 are slidably disposed on the movable plate 601. A slider 603 is fixedly disposed at the bottom end of each positioning rod 602. The slider 603 is T-shaped. A groove 604 is provided on the movable plate 601 corresponding to the positions of the sliders 603. Multiple first elastic elements 605 are fixedly disposed between the sliders 603 and the grooves 604. Each positioning rod 602 is provided with a self-checking locking assembly 8 for sensing the contact pressure with the workpiece and locking its position. A partition 502 is fixedly disposed at the opening at the top of the mounting box 5 between the positioning rods 602. Slots 503 are provided on the front and rear sides of the mounting box 5. The partitions 502 support the workpiece, facilitating stable clamping by the two adaptive clamping assemblies 6. The workpiece is held in place, and when chips generated during cutting enter the mounting box 5, they can be discharged through the slot 503. A fixing rod 501 is fixedly installed inside the mounting box 5. The fixing rod 501 is horizontally arranged inside the mounting box 5. The two movable plates 601 are provided with movable holes corresponding to the positions of the fixing rod 501. The cooperation between the movable holes and the fixing rod 501 can improve the stability of the movable plates 601 when sliding. The symmetrical sliding adaptive clamping component 6 can simultaneously accommodate rectangular blanks (using planar contact positioning) and circular blanks (using arc surface or flexible contact wrapping). The control component 7 controls the distance between the two adaptive clamping components 6, which can cover rectangular blanks of different sizes or circular blanks of different diameters, reducing the frequency of clamping changes due to differences in workpiece size.

[0032] like Figures 6 to 9As shown, the self-testing locking assembly 8 includes a first chamber 801 located at the center of the positioning rod 602. A first piston 802 is longitudinally slidable below the first chamber 801. A biting plate 803 is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the first piston 802. A receiving groove 6031 is provided on the slider 603 corresponding to the position of the biting plate 803. Multiple biting teeth 804 are fixedly mounted on the side of the biting plate 803 away from the first piston 802. A matching groove 805 is provided on the opposite side of the positioning rods 602 on the two movable plates 601. A second chamber 806 is provided on the positioning rods 602 corresponding to the positions of the matching grooves 805. The second chamber 806 is connected to the first chamber 801. A second piston 807 is laterally slidable inside the second chamber 806. A detection plate 808 is fixedly mounted on the end of the second piston 807 located outside the positioning rod 602. 805 is an arc-shaped groove, and the detection plate 808 is adapted to the fitting groove 805. The top of the first piston 802 is fixedly provided with the second elastic element 809 on the inner top surface of the first chamber 801. Hydraulic oil is provided inside both the first chamber 801 and the second chamber 806. The movable plate 601 is provided with mounting grooves 6011 at the positions corresponding to the receiving groove 6031. A flexible pad 6012 is embedded inside the mounting groove 6011. The detection plate 808 on the positioning rod 602 can sense the contact pressure with the blank in real time. When the pressure reaches the set threshold (indicating that the positioning rod 602 has been attached to the surface of the blank), the self-test locking component 8 triggers the locking mechanism to fix the position of the positioning rod 602. After locking, the clamping mechanism can withstand the cutting force and vibration during the milling process, prevent the workpiece from shifting and causing dimensional deviations, and avoid the processing accidents caused by loose screws in traditional manual clamps.

[0033] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the control component 7 includes a lead screw 701 rotatably mounted on the mounting box 5. The lead screw 701 is a left- or right-hand threaded rod and is horizontally mounted on the mounting box 5. Two movable plates 601 are provided with threaded holes corresponding to the position of the lead screw 701. A knob 702 is fixedly mounted on one end of the lead screw 701. Rotation holes are provided on both ends of the mounting box 5 corresponding to both ends of the lead screw 701. Both ends of the lead screw 701 are connected to the rotation holes through bearings. The bearings provided can improve the stability of the lead screw 701 when rotating.

[0034] The work process is as follows:

[0035] S1, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, during processing, the workpiece blank is placed between two adaptive clamping components 6, that is, placed on the partition plate 502.

[0036] S2, such as Figures 3 to 7As shown, after the workpiece blank is placed, the screw 701 is rotated by the knob 702. At this time, by utilizing the characteristics of the left and right threaded rod, the two movable plates 601 can be brought closer to each other.

[0037] S3. When the movable plates 601 approach each other, the detection plates 808 on some of the positioning rods 602 will come into contact with the workpiece blank.

[0038] S4, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, when the detection plate 808 contacts the workpiece blank, the detection plate 808 can sense the contact pressure with the workpiece blank in real time. At this time, the detection plate 808 will drive the second piston 807 to move to one side of the first chamber 801, so that the hydraulic oil inside the second chamber 806 can enter the first chamber 801 or increase the pressure of the hydraulic oil inside the first chamber 801. This causes the first piston 802 to drive the biting plate 803 to move downward, and then allow multiple biting teeth 804 to contact the flexible pad 6012 (at this time, the pressure of the hydraulic oil is greater than the tension of the second elastic element 809).

[0039] S5, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, when the pressure reaches the set threshold, the biting teeth 804 and the flexible pad 6012 engage tightly, thereby indirectly locking the position of the positioning rod 602.

[0040] S6. In summary:

[0041] Firstly, the symmetrical sliding adaptive clamping component 6 can simultaneously accommodate rectangular blanks (positioned by planar contact) and circular blanks (wrapped by arc-shaped surface or flexible contact). Furthermore, the control component 7 controls the spacing between the two adaptive clamping components 6, which can cover rectangular blanks of different sizes or circular blanks of different diameters, reducing the frequency of clamping changes due to differences in workpiece size.

[0042] Secondly, the detection plate 808 on the positioning rod 602 can sense the contact pressure with the blank in real time. When the pressure reaches the set threshold (indicating that the positioning rod 602 has been in contact with the blank surface), the self-test locking component 8 triggers the locking mechanism to fix the position of the positioning rod 602. After locking, the clamping mechanism can withstand the cutting force and vibration during the milling process, prevent the workpiece from shifting and causing dimensional deviations, and avoid machining accidents caused by loose screws in traditional manual clamps.

[0043] S7, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, after the workpiece blank is clamped, the milling cutter can be installed and its rotation controlled by the drive assembly 2, and the lifting component 3 controls the drive assembly 2 to lift and lower. The milling cutter is used to perform rough machining on the workpiece blank. At the same time, the clamping mechanism and the workpiece blank can be moved back and forth and left and right by the adjustment component 4, which improves the processing convenience of the equipment.

[0044] The worktable 1, drive assembly 2, lifting component 3, adjustment assembly 4 and lead screw 701 described in this application are all known technologies in this field, therefore their specific structures and working principles are not described in detail.

[0045] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model.

Claims

1. A rough machining device for mechanical workpiece blanks, characterized in that: It includes a worktable (1) and a clamping mechanism. The rear side of the top of the worktable (1) is provided with a drive assembly (2) for mounting milling cutters and controlling the rotation of milling cutters. The worktable (1) is provided with a lifting component (3) for controlling the lifting of the drive assembly (2). The worktable (1) is provided with an adjustment component (4) for controlling the clamping mechanism to move forward and backward and left and right. The clamping mechanism includes a mounting box (5) fixedly mounted on the adjustment component (4). Two adaptive clamping components (6) are symmetrically slidably arranged inside the mounting box (5). The mounting box (5) is provided with a control component (7) for controlling the two adaptive clamping components (6) to move closer to or further away from each other.

2. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive clamping assembly (6) includes a movable plate (601) slidably disposed inside the mounting box (5). Multiple positioning rods (602) are slidably disposed on the movable plate (601). A slider (603) is fixedly disposed at the bottom end of each of the multiple positioning rods (602). A groove (604) is opened on the movable plate (601) corresponding to the position of the multiple sliders (603). Multiple first elastic elements (605) are fixedly disposed between the sliders (603) and the grooves (604). A self-testing locking assembly (8) is provided on each of the multiple positioning rods (602) for sensing the contact pressure with the blank and locking its position.

3. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-test locking assembly (8) includes a first chamber (801) located at the center of the positioning rod (602). A first piston (802) is longitudinally slidable below the first chamber (801). A biting plate (803) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the first piston (802). A plurality of biting teeth (804) are fixedly provided on the side of the biting plate (803) away from the first piston (802). A matching groove (805) is provided on the opposite side of the positioning rod (602) on the two movable plates (601). A second chamber (804) is provided on each positioning rod (602) corresponding to the matching groove (805). 6) The second chamber (806) is connected to the first chamber (801). A second piston (807) is laterally slidably disposed inside the second chamber (806). A detection plate (808) is fixedly disposed at one end of the second piston (807) outside the positioning rod (602). The fitting groove (805) is an arc-shaped groove. The detection plate (808) is adapted to the fitting groove (805). A second elastic element (809) is fixedly disposed at the top of the first piston (802) and the inner top surface of the first chamber (801). Hydraulic oil is disposed inside both the first chamber (801) and the second chamber (806).

4. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slider (603) is T-shaped, and a receiving groove (6031) is provided on the slider (603) corresponding to the position of the biting plate (803).

5. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 4, characterized in that: The movable plate (601) is provided with mounting grooves (6011) at the positions corresponding to the receiving grooves (6031), and a flexible pad (6012) is embedded inside the mounting grooves (6011).

6. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control component (7) includes a lead screw (701) rotatably mounted on the mounting box (5). The lead screw (701) is a left- or right-hand threaded rod. The lead screw (701) is horizontally mounted on the mounting box (5). The two movable plates (601) are provided with threaded holes that are adapted to the position of the lead screw (701). A knob (702) is fixedly mounted on one end of the lead screw (701).

7. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mounting box (5) is fixedly provided with a fixing rod (501) inside. The fixing rod (501) is arranged horizontally inside the mounting box (5). The two movable plates (601) are provided with movable holes corresponding to the positions of the fixing rod (501).

8. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mounting box (5) has rotating holes at both ends of the lead screw (701), and both ends of the lead screw (701) are connected to the rotating holes through bearings.

9. The rough machining device for a mechanical workpiece blank according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top opening of the mounting box (5) is fixedly provided with partitions (502) between the multiple positioning rods (602), and slots (503) are provided on both the front and rear sides of the mounting box (5).

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