Aquaculture workshop water body constant temperature heating system based on fuel cell cogeneration system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of breeding workshop water body constant-temperature heating system based on fuel cell cogeneration system, it includes raw material supply system, CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell module, heat exchange system, water treatment system, control system and safety protection system;The raw material supply system is prepared methanol by two ways of hydrogen peroxide prepared by photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide prepared by electrolysis, simultaneously using fuel reforming device.The fuel cell module is used to output electric power and heat, the heat exchange system passes through heat exchanger and transmits the heat energy generated by fuel cell to aquaculture water, simultaneously using solar light auxiliary heating mode, the water treatment system detects and purifies treatment to aquaculture water, simultaneously by anaerobic fermentation of organic matter in water to produce methane, the control system monitors and adjusts water temperature, the safety protection system is monitored in real time by gas content, pressure and the like, ensure the safety, stable operation of system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency constant temperature heating system for aquaculture water based on fuel cell cogeneration. Background Technology

[0002] In aquaculture, water temperature is a key factor affecting the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Many areas in my country's eastern coastal regions, western and northern regions with dense distribution of rivers and lakes are suitable for aquaculture. However, low temperatures in spring and autumn lead to low farming efficiency, and the water becomes too cold in winter, causing aquaculture to stagnate. Due to geographical reasons, it is difficult for my country's water temperatures to reach the levels suitable for tropical aquaculture, while imported aquatic products are of lower quality and significantly increase costs. To meet increasing food demands, ensure the variety and quality of aquatic products, and expand the area and duration of aquaculture, heating the aquaculture water has become a primary issue. Traditional water heating methods, such as electric heating, coal-fired or oil-fired heating, are not only energy-intensive but also potentially pollute the environment. Therefore, developing an efficient and environmentally friendly water heating system is of great significance for the sustainable development of aquaculture.

[0003] A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy; it is also known as an electrochemical generator. It converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, without being limited by the Carnot cycle effect, resulting in high efficiency, minimal emissions of harmful gases, and a long service life. Simultaneously, as a clean and efficient energy conversion device, a fuel cell can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical and thermal energy. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems, through the principle of energy cascade utilization, can achieve the combined supply of electrical and thermal energy. This system uses high-quality energy for power generation, while low-grade energy is used for heating, thus achieving efficient energy utilization. Fuel cell-based CHP systems can simultaneously provide electrical and thermal energy with low emissions, are environmentally friendly, and possess significant economic and social benefits. Utility Model Content

[0004] Technical Objective: To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system. This system uses fuel cell modules to achieve a stable supply of heat and electricity to the aquaculture workshop. The control system ensures the stability of the aquaculture water temperature. The water treatment system purifies the aquaculture water while also providing fuel for the system. Furthermore, the system employs both photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production and electrolytic hydrogen peroxide production methods, and utilizes a fuel reforming unit to produce methanol, ensuring a stable supply of raw materials. This system is applicable to most regions and different types of aquaculture workshops.

[0005] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, this utility model discloses a constant-temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system. The system includes a raw material supply system, a fuel cell module, a heat exchange system, a water treatment system, a control system, and a safety protection system. The raw material supply system produces hydrogen peroxide through both photocatalysis and electrolysis, while simultaneously using a fuel reforming unit to produce methanol. Its lower end is connected to the fuel cell module, which uses a CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell to output electricity and heat. The electricity output is used for workshop power supply, and the heat output end is connected to the heat exchange system. The heat exchange system transfers the heat energy generated by the fuel cell to the aquaculture water through a heat exchanger and is equipped with an auxiliary heating device. The water treatment system monitors the aquaculture water; when the water does not meet aquaculture requirements, it purifies the water and generates methane through anaerobic fermentation of organic matter in the water. The control system monitors and adjusts the water temperature. The safety protection system ensures the safe and stable operation of the system by real-time monitoring of gas content and pressure. The system design adopted in this utility model ensures a stable and reliable heat and electricity supply for the breeding workshop, while realizing energy conservation, emission reduction, and green and clean operation of the workshop.

[0006] Furthermore, the raw material supply system utilizes both photocatalytic and electrolytic methods to produce hydrogen peroxide, while simultaneously employing a fuel reforming unit to produce methanol, ensuring a stable supply of raw materials. A concentrator focuses light onto the photoreactor through a light window. The hydrogen peroxide generated in the reaction is collected and enters a hydrogen peroxide tank. When the hydrogen peroxide supply is insufficient, it is supplemented through electrolysis. The fuel reforming unit reforms methane into methanol, which is then stored in a methanol tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the working principle of the concentrator in the raw material supply system is as follows: the large hyperboloid reflective surface gathers light onto the small hyperboloid reflective surface, which then reflects the light onto the light guide tube, which then illuminates the light window through the tube. A photosensitive sensor is arranged on the back side of the large hyperboloid reflective surface. When light shines on the photosensitive sensor, a motor is activated to control the bracket to rotate, aligning the reflective surface with the direction of sunlight.

[0008] Furthermore, the light guide tube of the light concentrator in the raw material supply system is composed of a fiber core with a high refractive index, a cladding with a lower refractive index than the fiber core, and a protective sleeve, ensuring that the light can undergo total internal reflection in the light guide tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the raw material supply system is set up independently of the aquaculture workshop system. Located outside the workshop, the system prevents harmful gases such as fumes from contacting the air inside. The fumes are discharged through exhaust ducts, posing no safety risk to the workshop. Stainless steel or aluminum tanks are used for the hydrogen peroxide storage, as these materials do not react with hydrogen peroxide, helping to maintain low temperatures and stability. The hydrogen peroxide is stored separately in a roofed, fireproof compartment, kept cool and protected from direct sunlight. Insulation materials are installed around the storage tanks.

[0010] Furthermore, the raw material supply system adopts a forced ventilation method, uses a high-pressure fan, and is equipped with a check valve at the exhaust port of the housing to prevent backflow of flue gas when the external wind pressure is high.

[0011] Furthermore, the raw material supply system is equipped with multiple safety safeguards. The system includes a chamber temperature sensor and a gas detector; if the temperature inside the sealed chamber becomes too high or the carbon monoxide concentration approaches a safe level, the system will shut down, ensuring the safety of the unit installed indoors.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel cell module uses a CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell, which is connected to the feed supply system at the front end. The generated electricity is converted and used to power the breeding workshop or connected to the power grid. The generated heat is stored in the stack cooling water and connected to a heat exchanger.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat exchange system includes a heat exchanger, a heater, a radiator, and a hot water tank. The heat exchanger transfers heat from the cooling water of the fuel cell stack to the heating water. The heater is placed on the roof of the aquaculture workshop and uses an arc-shaped Fresnel lens to focus sunlight onto a glass vacuum tube collector to heat the water. The front end of the hot water tank is connected to the heat exchanger. The radiator is placed between the hot water tank and the aquaculture pond and is connected to a separate heat dissipation branch via a controllable three-way switch. The other branch is connected to the heat dissipation pipe in the aquaculture pond to transfer heat to the pond. A water pump provides kinetic energy for the water flow.

[0014] Furthermore, the water treatment system includes an influent pretreatment unit for treating aquaculture wastewater to remove large particulate impurities and suspended solids; an anaerobic reaction unit, the core of the system, for converting organic matter in the wastewater into methane through the action of anaerobic microorganisms under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions; separation and purification: separating and purifying methane, then storing the methane in a gas storage cylinder; and an effluent treatment unit for further treating the wastewater after the anaerobic reaction to remove residual organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and other pollutants to meet discharge standards or reuse requirements.

[0015] Furthermore, the control system transmits temperature signals to the controller via temperature sensors placed in the aquaculture tank. When the temperature is below the required hot water temperature for aquaculture, the control system adjusts the heat exchanger's efficiency or increases the fuel cell's power. When the temperature is above the required hot water temperature, the radiator can be controlled to lower the water temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a heating system for aquaculture.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the raw material supply system.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water treatment system.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the concentrator structure;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heater structure.

[0021] In the diagram, 1. Raw material supply system; 2. CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell module; 3. Heat exchanger; 4. Hot water tank; 5. Aquaculture pond; 6. Water treatment system; 7. Controller; 8. Cold water tank; 9. Filter 1; 10. Water pump 1; 11. Three-way switch; 12. Radiator; 13. Flow meter; 14. Heater; 15. Water pump 2; 16. Filter 2; 17. Thermometer; 18. Inverter.

[0022] 101. Fuel reforming unit; 102. Methanol tank; 103. Collector; 104. Hydrogen peroxide tank; 105. Oxygen storage cylinder; 106. Photoreactor; 107. Light window; 108. Concentrator; 109. Water tank; 1010. Temperature sensor; 1011. Gas detector; 1012. Ventilation fan; 1013. Check valve; 1014. Electrolyzer.

[0023] 601. Water quality monitoring device; 6026. Water pump 3; 603. Wastewater collection tank; 604. Pretreatment; 605. Anaerobic reaction tank; 606. Separation and purification device; 607. Methane storage cylinder; 608. Aerobic reaction tank; 609. Sedimentation tank; 6010. Filtration tank; 6011. Sterilization and disinfection tank.

[0024] 1081. Large hyperboloid reflective surface; 1082. Small hyperboloid reflective surface; 1083. Photosensitive sensor; 1084. Bracket; 1085. Motor; 1086. Light guide tube.

[0025] 1401. Arc-shaped Fresnel lens focusing mechanism; 1402. Glass vacuum tube collector; 1403. Support frame; 1404. Electric motor. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 5 The principles and features of this utility model are described, and the examples given are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0027] The chemical reactions involved in the operation of a fuel cell combined heat and power system include:

[0028] Natural gas reforming to methanol reaction

[0029] Methanol production via natural gas reforming refers to the process of converting natural gas into methanol through a chemical reaction. The principle mainly involves steam reforming natural gas, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting syngas to obtain methanol. This process primarily includes several steps: steam reforming, syngas purification (such as desulfurization, shift conversion, and decarbonization to adjust gas composition), and methanol synthesis. The main chemical equations are as follows:

[0030] (1) Steam reforming reaction (strongly endothermic reaction):

[0031] CH4 + H2O(g) = CO + 3H2 (1)

[0032] Since steam reforming is a strongly endothermic reaction, it is necessary to partially oxidize natural gas with pure oxygen to obtain heat so that the steam reforming reaction can proceed normally and continuously.

[0033] (2) Partial oxidation reaction with pure oxygen:

[0034] 2CH4+O2=2CO+4H2+35.6kJ / mol (2)

[0035] CH4+O2=CO2+2H2+109.45kJ / mol (3)

[0036] CH4+O2=CO2+H2O+802.3kJ / mol (4)

[0037] These reactions provide the necessary heat for the steam reforming reaction.

[0038] (3) Methanol synthesis reaction:

[0039] Main reaction: CO + 2H₂ = CH₃OH (exothermic reaction) (5)

[0040] Side reactions may include those that produce other alcohols, hydrocarbons, or water, but in methanol synthesis, the main reaction is the primary objective.

[0041] 2. The principle of hydrogen peroxide production by photocatalyst

[0042] The basic principle of photocatalytic H2O2 production lies in the fact that, under light irradiation, the photocatalyst generates numerous photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Photoelectrons located in the conduction band of the photocatalyst exhibit strong reducing properties, while photogenerated holes located in the valence band possess strong oxidizing properties. These photogenerated electrons and holes can drive specific redox reactions, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide.

[0043] 2H₂O + O₂ (in the presence of a photocatalyst, via solar photocatalysis) → 2H₂O₂ (6)

[0044] 3. Electrochemical reactions in fuel cells

[0045] Anode reaction: Methanol undergoes oxidation at the anode, producing carbon dioxide, protons, and electrons. The electrode reaction can be represented as:

[0046] CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 6H+ + +6e - (7)

[0047] Cathode reaction: Hydrogen peroxide accepts electrons and protons at the cathode and undergoes a reduction reaction to produce water. The electrode reaction equation can be represented as:

[0048] H2O2 + 2H + +2e - →2H2O (8)

[0049] (Note: This is a simplified representation; the actual reaction may involve more complex steps and intermediates.)

[0050] Overall reaction: Adding the reactions at the anode and cathode yields the overall reaction of the battery. Since the anode produces carbon dioxide and protons, while the cathode consumes protons and hydrogen peroxide to produce water, the overall reaction can be expressed as:

[0051] CH3OH + H2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O (9)

[0052] (Note: This reaction equation does not take into account the transfer of electrons and the specific number of protons; it is only an illustrative representation.)

[0053] Based on the above principles, a constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system is provided. The system mainly consists of a raw material supply system 1; a CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell 2; a heat exchanger 3; a hot water tank 4; an aquaculture pond 5; a water treatment system 6; and a controller 7.

[0054] In the raw material supply system 1, the main components operate and are connected as follows: a concentrator 108 gathers sunlight into a light window 107, which then shines onto a photoreactor 106. Hydrogen peroxide is generated under the action of a photocatalyst or in an electrolyzer 1014. After being processed by a collector 103, the hydrogen peroxide enters a hydrogen peroxide tank 104. The fuel reforming unit 101 reforms methane into methanol, which is then stored in a methanol tank 102. Since the fuel reforming unit 101 produces CO, CO2, and other flue gases during the reaction, and a small amount of oxygen may also escape, for safety reasons, the raw material supply system 1 is placed in a separate enclosure outdoors. Forced ventilation is achieved through a ventilation fan 1011 installed in the ventilation duct to prevent the accumulation of harmful gases. A check valve 1012 is installed at the outlet to prevent harmful gases from flowing back into the unit through the exhaust pipe. Meanwhile, the present invention is equipped with a gas monitor 1010 and a pressure sensor 109 inside the device, which will shut down the device and sound an alarm in time when a gas leak occurs inside the device.

[0055] Furthermore, in the raw material supply system 1, the working principle of the concentrator 108 is as follows: the large hyperboloid reflective surface 1081 concentrates the light onto the small hyperboloid reflective surface 1082, and the small reflective surface 1082 reflects the light onto the light guide tube 1086, which then illuminates the light window 107 through the tube. A photosensitive sensor 1083 is arranged on the back side of the large hyperboloid reflective surface 1081. When light shines on the photosensitive sensor 1083, the motor 1085 is activated to control the bracket 1084 to rotate so that the reflective surface is aligned with the direction of sunlight.

[0056] Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide and methanol generated in the raw material supply system 1 enter the CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell 2 to undergo an electrochemical reaction. The generated electricity is converted into alternating current by the inverter 18 and used to supply electricity to the heater 14, the aquaculture workshop, or to be connected to the power grid. The generated hot water flows into the heat exchanger 3.

[0057] Furthermore, heat exchanger 3 transfers heat from the cooling water of the fuel cell stack to the heating water body. Cold water enters the cold water tank 8, is treated by filter 9, and then enters the fuel cell module 2 for recycling. Hot water enters the hot water tank 4 for storage. Hot water from the tank is diverted through a controllable three-way switch 11, flowing through radiator 12 and flow meter 13 back to the hot water tank 4, or hot water enters the heat dissipation pipes in the aquaculture pond 5 via water pump 215, transferring heat to the aquaculture pond. Heater 14 is placed on the roof of the aquaculture workshop. It uses an arc-shaped Fresnel lens focusing mechanism 1401 to concentrate sunlight onto the glass vacuum tube collector 1402 to heat the water. At the same time, the bracket 1403 can be adjusted by motor 1404 to adapt to different scenario requirements.

[0058] Furthermore, the control system transmits temperature signals to the controller 7 via temperature sensor 17 placed in the aquaculture pond. When the temperature is below the required hot water temperature for aquaculture, the control system adjusts the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger 3, which can also increase the power of fuel cell 2. When the temperature is above the required hot water temperature for aquaculture, the radiator 12 can be controlled to lower the water temperature, and the three-way switch 11 can be controlled via the signal from flow meter 13 to change the flow rate of the two branches.

[0059] Furthermore, for the water treatment system 6, when the water quality monitoring device 601 detects that the water quality is unqualified, the water pump 3602 pumps the aquaculture water into the wastewater collection tank 603. After the pretreatment tank 604 removes large particulate impurities and suspended solids from the wastewater, it enters the anaerobic reaction tank 605. Under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions, the organic matter in the wastewater is converted into methane by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. After separation by the separation and purification device 606, it enters the methane storage cylinder 607 for storage. The water then enters the aerobic reaction tank 608 to remove residual organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and other pollutants. After further treatment by the sedimentation tank 609, the filtration tank 6010 and the sterilization and disinfection tank 6011, it can continue to be used for aquaculture water.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A constant-temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system, characterized in that: Its main components include a raw material supply system (1), a CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell module (2), a heat exchanger (3), a hot water tank (4), an aquaculture pond (5), a water treatment system (6), and a controller (7); the hot water tank (4) is connected to a radiator (12) for heat dissipation and a heater (14) for auxiliary heating.

2. The constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material supply system (1) mainly includes a concentrator (108), a light window (107), a photoreactor (106), an electrolyzer (1014), a collector (103), a hydrogen peroxide tank (104), a fuel reforming unit (101), and a methanol tank (102).

3. The constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective surfaces (1081) and (1082) in the concentrator (108) of the raw material supply system (1) are both hyperboloid reflective surfaces. The small reflective surface (1082) reflects the light onto the light guide tube (1086) and illuminates the light window (107) through the tube.

4. The constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light guide tube (1086) in the raw material supply system (1) consists of a fiber core with a higher refractive index, a cladding with a lower refractive index than the fiber core, and a protective sleeve, which ensures that the light can undergo total internal reflection in the light guide tube.

5. The constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front anode of the CH3OH-H2O2 fuel cell module (2) is connected to the methanol tank (102), and the cathode is connected to the hydrogen peroxide tank (104); the end is connected to the heat exchanger (3). The generated electrical energy is direct current, which is converted into constant voltage alternating current by the DC / AC inverter (18) and then used by the heating system or connected to the power grid.

6. The constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the hot water tank (4) is connected to the heat exchanger (3). The radiator (12) is placed between the hot water tank (4) and the breeding pond (5). It is connected to a heat dissipation branch through a controllable three-way switch (11). The other branch is connected to the heat dissipation pipe in the breeding pond (5) to transfer heat to the breeding pond. The water pump (15) provides kinetic energy for the water flow.

7. The constant temperature heating system for aquaculture workshop water based on a fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heater (14) is placed on the roof of the aquaculture workshop. The solar energy is concentrated onto the glass vacuum tube collector (1402) through the arc-shaped Fresnel lens focusing mechanism (1401) to heat the water. At the same time, the bracket (1403) can be adjusted by the motor (1404) to adapt to different scene requirements.

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