A multi-stage water purifying device for rural self-sufficient energy supply

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of self-sufficient energy supply multi-stage water purifying device of farm, including marsh gas module 1, wetland module 2, three-stage water tank 3, MBR module 4, secondary water tank 5, disinfection module 6 and primary water tank 7 connected by pipeline sequentially;Multi-stage water purifying device is supplied with electric energy by power generation module 8.The multi-stage water purifying device uses photovoltaic and wind power generation to match battery energy storage, reduces energy consumption dependence, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced by more than 50% than traditional process;Device is integrated by multiple source sewage, after pretreatment by biogas tank, through artificial wetland+MBR tank+disinfection multi-stage purification, realize sewage recycling, relieve water shortage and produce carbon emission reduction benefit;In addition, the device can adapt to northwest high salt high turbidity water quality, improve water stability, and modular design can be flexibly adapted to different water treatment scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water source cleaning technology, specifically a multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural households. Background Technology

[0002] In Northwest China, rural wastewater treatment suffers from challenges such as low water consumption, widespread use of dry toilets, and the lack of pipe networks leading to mixed rainwater and sewage flows, making wastewater treatment facilities difficult to operate. Consequently, the treatment rate in these areas is lower than the national average. Untreated wastewater easily pollutes soil and water bodies, causing black and odorous water, disease transmission, and environmental sanitation problems. Therefore, it is urgent to promote rural wastewater treatment tailored to local conditions to improve the living environment. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient rural energy supply. This device innovatively constructs a sustainable circular system integrating wind and solar power generation with multi-stage wastewater purification, specifically addressing the water scarcity and ecological fragility issues in rural Northwest China. The system treats toilet wastewater and produces gas in an anaerobic biogas digester. A horizontal subsurface flow wetland, using reeds, canna lilies, and other plants combined with gravel, crushed stone, or slag and coarse sand gradient fillers, efficiently degrades pollutants. Further purification through MBR technology and disinfection achieves deep water purification, meeting reuse standards. Energy supply relies entirely on photovoltaic and wind power generation combined with battery storage. Locally available, inexpensive fillers and biochar enhance adsorption performance, reducing energy consumption compared to traditional wastewater treatment while balancing economic and ecological benefits. This design realizes the concept of resource recycling and low-carbon coexistence, providing an innovative water treatment solution for arid Northwest China.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural areas is characterized by comprising a biogas module 1, a wetland module 2, a tertiary water tank 3, an MBR module 4, a secondary water tank 5, a disinfection module 6, and a primary water tank 7 connected in sequence by pipelines. The biogas module 1 is used for anaerobic fermentation treatment of wastewater; Wetland module 2 is used to perform stratified filtration, adsorption and biological purification of the water treated by biogas module 1; MBR module 4 is used to further separate macromolecular organic matter and sludge from the water body treated by wetland module 2; Disinfection module 6 is used to disinfect the water treated by MBR module 4; disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite can be added to the disinfection module to disinfect the water. The multi-stage water purification device is powered by a power generation module 8.

[0005] Based on the above plan, The wetland module 2 consists of an insulation layer, an impermeable layer, a water-permeable filler layer, and soil from bottom to top, with water-purifying plants planted in the soil; the insulation layer material can preferably be foam board, the impermeable layer material can preferably be PVC waterproof cloth, and the water-purifying plants can preferably be reeds, canna lilies, etc.

[0006] Based on the above plan, The water-passing filler layer consists of a gravel layer, a crushed stone or slag layer, and a coarse sand layer from bottom to top.

[0007] Based on the above plan, The ratio of gravel, crushed stone or slag, and coarse sand in the water-passing filler layer is 1:2:1 by mass.

[0008] Based on the above plan, The MBR module 4 is equipped with an MBR tank, an ultrafiltration membrane, a suction pump, and a micro-aeration device; the suction pump and ultrafiltration membrane are used to separate the water in the MBR tank from organic macromolecules and sludge; the aeration device is used to reduce sludge deposition in the MBR tank.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural households described in this utility model are as follows: (1) Multi-source sewage co-treatment: Integrate toilet sewage, other domestic sewage and rainwater, and after pretreatment in a biogas digester, achieve sewage recycling through artificial wetland + MBR tank + disinfection multi-stage purification, alleviate water shortage and generate carbon emission reduction benefits.

[0010] (2) Wind and solar complementary energy supply: Photovoltaic and wind power generation are combined with battery energy storage to reduce energy consumption dependence and reduce operation and maintenance costs by more than 50% compared with traditional processes.

[0011] (3) Low cost and high efficiency design: The constructed wetland is built with foam board + PVC waterproof cloth. The filler is inexpensive and efficient, with good porosity and adsorption performance. The MBR tank uses a low-power suction pump and low-energy aeration to reduce energy demand.

[0012] (4) Modular process coupling: The horizontal subsurface flow wetland (ecological purification) and the MBR tank (high efficiency interception) are connected in series to replace the traditional integrated MBR process, which is suitable for the high salinity and high turbidity water quality in Northwest China and improves the stability of the effluent. At the same time, the modular design can flexibly adapt to different treatment scales. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The present invention includes the following figures: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working process of a multi-stage water purification system for self-sufficiency in rural households; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a multi-stage water purification system for self-sufficiency in rural households; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the installation of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels in a power generation module. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] like Figure 2 As shown, the multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient rural energy supply described in this utility model includes a biogas module 1, a wetland module 2, a tertiary water tank 3, an MBR module 4, a secondary water tank 5, a disinfection module 6, and a primary water tank 7 connected sequentially by pipelines; the entire multi-stage water purification device is powered by a power generation module 88; wherein: Biogas module 1 pre-treats toilet wastewater through anaerobic fermentation to prevent excessively high organic matter concentrations from entering the wetland module. The biogas produced can also be used for household purposes. After initial treatment of organic matter in the water in the biogas digester, large particles are filtered through a grid before entering wetland module 2 through the lower inlet. The bottom layer of wetland module 2 is wrapped with a foam board insulation layer for enhanced frost protection, followed by a seepage-proof layer made of recycled PVC waterproof fabric. The water-passing filler layers, from bottom to top, consist of gravel, local crushed stone or slag, and coarse sand. Finally, soil is covered and reeds are planted to achieve stratified filtration and biological water purification. After a period of treatment, the organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water are significantly reduced. The water treated by wetland module 2 flows to the tertiary water tank 3, where the remaining water can be used for drip irrigation in the vegetable garden.

[0016] After the tertiary water tank (3) is filled with water, the treated water flows through pipes into the MBR reactor in MBR module 4. MBR module 4 is also equipped with an ultrafiltration membrane, a suction pump, and a micro-aeration device. When the treated water enters the MBR reactor, the suction pump generates negative pressure, drawing out the filtrate filtered by the ultrafiltration membrane and storing it through pipes in the secondary water tank (5). Large organic molecules and sludge are retained in the MBR reactor, achieving sludge-water separation (eliminating the need for a secondary sedimentation tank). Simultaneously, the micro-aeration device at the bottom of the ultrafiltration membrane module provides continuous aeration, using the turbulent flow of rising bubbles to flush the membrane surface and reduce sludge deposition. The water quality in secondary water tank 5 is relatively high, suitable for high-quality water use scenarios such as household toilet flushing and landscaping where there is no direct human contact.

[0017] After the secondary water tank 5 is full, the treated water flows through the pipe into the disinfection tank in the disinfection module 5. When the disinfection tank is full, the water supply stops, and then disinfectant (such as sodium hypochlorite) is added to the disinfection tank according to the appropriate ratio. The disinfection time is no less than 30 minutes, and the disinfected water flows into the primary water tank 6 for later use. The water in the primary water tank 6 has a higher water quality and can be used for household flushing, household cleaning, and other water usage scenarios.

[0018] Power generation module 8 utilizes the wind and solar energy resources of Northwest China to construct a wind-solar hybrid system. The electricity generated by the wind and solar system is stored in batteries for the system's energy supply.

[0019] The applicant has performed system setup and calculations for the multi-stage water purification device, detailed below: 1. System Settings The size of this system is determined based on the daily water treatment volume in rural areas of Northwest China. The following table provides the water consumption quotas and discharge coefficients for rural residents, taking the water consumption quotas for households with flush toilets and shower facilities [100~180L / (person)]. [d)] Considering the water shortage situation in Northwest China, the domestic water quota is set at 120L / (person). d) If the discharge coefficient is taken as 80%, then the design wastewater volume is rounded to 100L / (person). d).

[0020] Table 1. Rural Residential Water Consumption Quotas and Emission Coefficients ; 1.1 Wetland Setting (1) Selection of packing material: The main components of this wetland filler layer are gravel, local crushed stone or slag, and coarse sand. Each layer is laid flat, and the filling ratio is 1:2:1.

[0021] The gravel should be 50-80mm in diameter. A top layer of 20-40mm diameter local crushed stone or slag should be used, followed by a layer of 60-90mm diameter coarse sand. A layer of soil (approximately 20-40cm thick) should be laid on top of the gravel. The soil should be covered with a mixture of reeds (3-4 plants / m²) and canna lilies (2-3 plants / m²) to achieve biological water purification.

[0022] (2) Design of individual wetland plot size The aspect ratio of each wetland section should be 3:1. Considering the energy-saving effect of the overall device adopting gravity natural outflow design, the wetland should be excavated 20cm deep, and the depth of the wetland body (including the 20cm thick insulation foam board layer) should be about 1.2-1.4m.

[0023] Based on a design water retention time of 48 hours, the dimensions of the constructed wetland are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Dimensions of Constructed Wetlands ; 1.2 MBR Setup (1) Selection of membrane modules: The membrane flux is selected based on the water quality, generally... For example: domestic sewage can be selected Wastewater from electroplating, pharmaceuticals, etc. can be selected To perform calculations, this system can use... Membrane flux membrane modules.

[0024] (2) Number of membrane sheets: n = Q ÷ N ÷ A, where Q is the daily water treatment capacity (L / d) and N is the membrane flux. A represents the effective area of ​​each membrane sheet.

[0025] (3) Selection of suction pump In MBR processes, the suction pump is typically selected to be 1.2 times the membrane effluent flow rate, with a head of 8-15 meters. For example, if 1.0 t of water is treated per day, and the membrane is designed to run for 8 minutes and stop for 2 minutes, with an actual operating time of approximately 5 hours, then the membrane effluent flow rate is 0.2 t / h. Therefore, the pump flow rate should be 0.2 × 1.2 = 0.24 t / h, with a head of 8-15 meters. Considering pipeline losses and mechanical damage, a suction pump power of approximately 60W is required.

[0026] (4) Equipment dimensions (based on a 1.5 square meter flat membrane with a membrane flux of...) (Taking a design actual operating time of 5 hours / day as an example) is shown in Table 3: Table 3 MBR reactor dimensions 1 1 7 1.0×1.0×2.0 2 2 14 1.0×1.0×2.0 3 3 20 1.0×1.0×2.0 4 5 34 1.0×1.0×2.0 5 6 40 1.0×1.0×2.0 ; 2. Calculation 2.1 Wind Power Generation Calculation Rural areas in Northwest China are mostly located in plateau or Gobi desert regions, with the following wind speed characteristics: Using a household wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 3 meters, the corresponding swept area is 490.625㎡, the rated power is 1KW, the average annual wind speed in Northwest China is taken as 3.0m / s (medium level in rural Northwest China), with an effective daily operating time of 12 hours (the effective wind speed time accounts for about 50% of the day), the air density is taken as 1.15kg / m³ (at an altitude of about 1500 meters), and the comprehensive efficiency of the wind turbine generator set is taken as 0.32 (typical efficiency of small and medium-sized wind turbines).

[0027] Corresponding basic wind power calculation: ; (Annual electricity generation) Results: The daily power generation of a single 3-meter diameter wind turbine in this rural area of ​​Northwest China is approximately 0.4214 kWh.

[0028] The calculation of daily power generation in different seasons is shown in Table 4. Table 4 Calculation of Daily Wind Power Generation in Different Seasons Summer average wind speed 3.5m / s Corresponding daily power generation 0.6692 kWh Average wind speed in autumn 2.5m / s Corresponding daily power generation 0.2439kwh Winter average wind speed 2.0m / s Corresponding daily power generation 0.1249kwh ; 2.2 Solar Power Generation Calculation Taking polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels as an example, according to Figure 3 The installation method shown occupies an area of ​​5.58 × 1.64 = 9.15㎡ for 4 photovoltaic modules, with an installation capacity of 250 × 4 = 1000W. The installation capacity per unit area is 1000 ÷ 9.15 = 109W.

[0029] The photovoltaic power generation Ep is calculated as follows: Ep = H × P × K1 Where P is the system installed capacity (kW); H is the local standard sunshine hours (taken as the average summer duration of 10h in Northwest China); K1 is the overall system efficiency (considering that the sunshine intensity is lower in the early morning and evening, while the sunshine intensity is higher at noon, so it is taken as 60%).

[0030] According to calculations, the daily power generation is: Ep = 10 × 1000 × 60% = 6 kWh Results: A photovoltaic module covering an area of ​​9.15 square meters in this rural area of ​​Northwest China generates approximately 6 kilowatt-hours of electricity per day. The calculated results of daily power generation in different seasons are shown in Table 5. Table 5 Calculation of Daily Solar Power Generation in Different Seasons spring 7.0 4.2 summer 10.0 6.0 autumn 6.5 3.9 winter 5.0 3.0 ; As can be seen from the above analysis, by reasonably allocating the area of ​​solar panels and combining them with wind power generation, the electricity generated daily by the entire wind-solar complementary power supply system can fully meet the energy consumption requirements of the MBR deep treatment system (energy-consuming system) for different daily water treatment volumes.

[0031] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural households, characterized in that, It includes a biogas module (1), a wetland module (2), a three-stage water tank (3), an MBR module (4), a two-stage water tank (5), a disinfection module (6), and a first-stage water tank (7) connected in sequence by pipes; The biogas module (1) is used for anaerobic fermentation treatment of wastewater; The wetland module (2) is used to perform stratified filtration, adsorption and biological purification of the water body treated by the biogas module (1); The MBR module (4) is used to further separate macromolecular organic matter and sludge from the water body treated by the wetland module (2); The disinfection module (6) is used to disinfect the water treated by the MBR module (4); The multi-stage water purification device is powered by a power generation module (8).

2. The multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural households as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wetland module (2) consists of an insulation layer, an impermeable layer, a water-passing filler layer, and soil from bottom to top, with water-purifying plants planted in the soil.

3. A multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural households as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The water-passing filler layer consists of a gravel layer, a crushed stone or slag layer, and a coarse sand layer from bottom to top.

4. A multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural households as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The ratio of gravel, crushed stone or slag, and coarse sand in the water-passing filler layer is 1:2:1 by mass.

5. A multi-stage water purification device for self-sufficient energy supply in rural households as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The MBR module (4) is equipped with an MBR tank, an ultrafiltration membrane, a suction pump and a micro-aeration device; the suction pump and ultrafiltration membrane are used to separate the water in the MBR tank from organic macromolecules and sludge; the aeration device is used to reduce sludge deposition in the MBR tank.

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