Built-in water-permeable channel type switching well
The built-in permeable channel switching well solves the problems of heavy metal treatment and initial rainwater overflow in the sedimentation well through the use of filter layers and centrifugal sedimentation technology, achieving efficient removal of pollutants and flow control, and optimizing the rainwater treatment system.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XIAMEN UNIV TAN KAH KEE COLLEGE
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing sedimentation wells are inadequate for treating heavy metals and some dissolved pollutants, and initial rainwater overflow can easily lead to pollution spread and system overload.
Design a built-in permeable channel switching well, which includes a permeable channel, a switching well and a filter layer. The filter layer intercepts suspended solids and heavy metals, and the centrifugal sedimentation principle is used to separate silt. Combined with a liquid level sensor and a water flow control device, it can achieve efficient removal of pollutants and flow control.
It effectively intercepts suspended solids and heavy metals, reduces pollutant accumulation, prevents overflows and system backflow, optimizes rainwater flow paths, reduces subsequent treatment load, and provides comprehensive pollution control and disaster prevention and mitigation solutions.
Smart Images
Figure CN224531843U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of rainwater treatment devices, and in particular to a built-in permeable channel type switching well. Background Technology
[0002] In urban stormwater drainage systems, initial rainwater carries large amounts of suspended solids, organic matter, and heavy metals, which can cause serious pollution if directly discharged into natural water bodies. In recent years, frequent extreme heavy rainfall events have not only led to urban flooding but also caused severe secondary disasters as initial rainwater carries surface pollutants into underground spaces and waterways. To reduce the environmental pollution caused by initial rainwater, sedimentation tanks are typically added to stormwater pipe systems, where sediment and debris carried by the initial rainwater settle. However, sedimentation tanks have the following problems: 1. They are difficult to handle heavy metals and some dissolved pollutants; 2. During heavy rainfall, rainwater can easily overflow from the sedimentation tanks, leading to pollution spread and system overload. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a built-in permeable channel switching well to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model discloses a built-in permeable channel switching well, comprising: an inlet pipe, a permeable channel, a switching well, and a first outlet pipe; the permeable channel is arranged in a ring along the inner wall of the switching well, and the end of the side wall of the permeable channel away from the switching well is connected to form a through hole, and a plurality of outlet holes are opened on the bottom surface of the permeable channel and the side away from the inner wall of the switching well, and a filter layer is provided in the permeable channel; the inlet pipe is connected to the switching well and is located above the permeable channel; the first outlet pipe is located on the side wall of the switching well, and the height of the first outlet pipe is not higher than that of the permeable channel.
[0005] Preferably, the switching well includes an upper well body and a settling pit, the settling pit being located at the center of the bottom of the upper well body, and a downwardly inclined transition surface being provided between the upper well body and the settling pit.
[0006] Preferably, the filter layer includes, from top to bottom, a vegetation layer, a first gravel layer, a planting soil layer, a geotextile layer, and a second gravel layer.
[0007] Preferably, the switching well has a circular cross-section, the inlet pipe is tangent to the inner wall of the switching well, and the diameter-to-depth ratio of the switching well is 1.1 or 0.8. Alternatively, the switching well has a polygonal cross-section, and a guide plate for guiding water flow is provided inside the switching well.
[0008] Preferably, the built-in permeable channel switching well also includes a transition well, which is located on one side of the switching well. The first outlet pipe is connected to the transition well, and a water flow control device is provided at the outlet end of the first outlet pipe. A second outlet pipe is also provided on one side of the transition well, and the second outlet pipe is connected to the main channel.
[0009] Preferably, the built-in permeable channel switching well also includes a liquid level sensor, which is installed in the main channel and electrically connected to a water flow control device, which is a sluice gate or a water valve.
[0010] Preferably, the switching well is made of polyethylene material.
[0011] Preferably, the built-in permeable channel switching well also includes an overflow pipe, which is tangent to the inner wall of the switching well. The overflow pipe is located above the inlet pipe and forms a 90° angle with the inlet pipe, or a 130° angle with the inlet pipe. The height difference between the inlet pipe and the overflow pipe is 50mm or 100mm.
[0012] Preferably, the water inlet pipe is equipped with a water inlet valve, and the overflow pipe is S-shaped.
[0013] Preferably, the switching well is provided with a spiral channel, and the inner wall of the switching well and the inner wall of the spiral channel are coated with a superhydrophobic layer.
[0014] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. This utility model can intercept suspended solids, heavy metals and some dissolved pollutants through the synergistic effect of the filter layer in the permeable channel.
[0015] 2. By setting up a water flow control device and a liquid level sensor, when the flow rate is small at the beginning of rainfall, the first outlet pipe is opened to guide the initial rainwater into the main canal; when the main canal has no remaining capacity to receive the initial rainwater collection pipe, the first outlet pipe is closed to divert the incoming water, allowing the incoming water to flow away through the overflow pipe, preventing backflow and large-scale overflow from the intercepting canal.
[0016] 3. By setting up sedimentation pits, particulate matter in rainwater can settle in them, reducing the possibility of particulate matter accumulating in dry canals. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the placement of the switching well in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 4 This is an overall cross-sectional view provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 5 This is an overall cross-sectional view provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the switching well provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the switching well provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a switching well with a diameter-to-depth ratio of 1.1 provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a switching well with a diameter-to-depth ratio of 0.8 provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model; Figure 10 This is a schematic plan view of the permeable channel provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a permeable channel provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the permeable channel provided in a specific embodiment of the present utility model.
[0018] Explanation of symbols for main components: 100. Switching well; 110. Upper well body; 120. Transition surface; 130. Sedimentation pit; 200. Permeable channel; 210. Permeable channel sidewall; 211. Outlet hole; 220. Permeable channel bottom wall; 230. Through hole; 240. Filter layer; 241. Vegetation layer; 242. First gravel layer; 243. Planting soil layer; 244. Geotextile layer; 245. Second gravel layer; 300. Inlet pipe; 310. Inlet valve; 320. Overflow pipe; 330. First outlet pipe; 331. Flow control device; 340. Second outlet pipe; 350. Liquid level sensor; 400. Transition well; 500. Main pipe; 600. Main channel. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0020] like Figures 1-12 This utility model provides a built-in permeable channel type switching well, including: an inlet pipe, a permeable channel, a switching well, and a first outlet pipe; as shown... Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 10The permeable channel is arranged in a ring along the inner wall of the switching well. The permeable channel consists of the inner wall of the switching well, the bottom wall of the permeable channel, and the side walls of the permeable channel. The side walls of the permeable channel away from the switching well are connected end to end to form a through hole. When the water volume is large, water can directly enter the bottom of the switching well through the through hole. Several water outlet holes are opened on the bottom surface and the side away from the inner wall of the switching well of the permeable channel; that is, water outlet holes are opened on both the bottom wall and the side walls of the permeable channel. Figure 12 The water outlet holes are 10mm × 10mm square holes with a horizontal spacing of 20mm and a vertical spacing of 15mm. A filter layer is installed inside the permeable channel. Figure 11 The filter layer comprises, from top to bottom, a vegetation layer, a first gravel layer, a planting soil layer, a geotextile layer, and a second gravel layer. The vegetation layer is cattail. The inlet pipe connects to the switching well and is positioned above the permeable channel. The first outlet pipe is located on the side wall of the switching well, and its height is no higher than the permeable channel. The first outlet pipe is at the same height as the second gravel layer. When water rises from the bottom of the switching well to the height of the second gravel layer, water flows out from the first outlet pipe.
[0021] like Figure 1 This built-in permeable channel switching well is located between the stormwater main and the stormwater canal. During rainfall, surface runoff first flows into the first inlet pipe of the switching well through the municipal stormwater network, and then into the permeable channel. The synergistic action of the vegetation layer, the first gravel layer, the planting soil layer, the geotextile layer, and the second gravel layer traps suspended solids, heavy metals, and some dissolved pollutants (such as nitrogen and phosphorus). Microorganisms in the permeable channel decompose organic pollutants, further purifying the water. Rainwater slowly flows through the vegetation layer on the surface of the permeable channel into the well, prolonging the rainwater retention time. It then infiltrates to the bottom of the channel through the filter layer, and finally enters the switching well through the outlet holes on the bottom and side walls of the permeable channel. This diversion mechanism makes the rainwater flow distribution more even, avoiding overflow or blockage caused by a sudden surge in flow. This reduces initial rainwater pollution, delays peak flow, and optimizes the rainwater flow path.
[0022] The switching well includes an upper well body and a sedimentation pit. The sedimentation pit is located at the center of the bottom of the upper well body. A downward-sloping transition surface, which is conical, is provided between the upper well body and the sedimentation pit. The switching well has a circular cross-section, and the inlet pipe is tangential to the inner wall of the switching well. When the water volume is large, the incoming water is injected into the well body from the tangential inlet at a certain pressure. The water rotates in the permeable channel. After the permeable channel is filled, the water enters the lower part of the switching well through the through hole. When the water enters the lower part of the switching well through the through hole, it maintains a rotating flow trend. After entering the lower part of the switching well, it forms a rotating motion based on the principle of centrifugal sedimentation. The denser silt particles are thrown against the pool wall and settle into the bottom sedimentation pit. The lighter rainwater gathers towards the center of the well body and completes secondary purification through stratified flow.
[0023] The built-in permeable channel switching well also includes a transition well, which is located on one side of the switching well. A first outlet pipe connects to the transition well, and a water flow control device is installed at the outlet end of the first outlet pipe. A second outlet pipe is also located on one side of the transition well, and the second outlet pipe connects to the main canal. The built-in permeable channel switching well also includes a level sensor, which is located in the main canal and electrically connected to the water flow control device, which is a sluice gate. In other embodiments, the water flow control device is a water valve. The built-in permeable channel switching well also includes an overflow pipe, which is tangential to the inner wall of the switching well and is located above the inlet pipe.
[0024] The system monitors the water level of the stormwater interception canal in real time using a liquid level sensor: when the water level in several canals is below a preset threshold, the electric gate of the sluice gate remains open, and the clean rainwater after sedimentation rises through the center of the well and flows directly into the interception canal through the rainwater outlet pipe, thus achieving the interception of rainwater after pollutant reduction; when the water level in several canals reaches or exceeds the threshold, the electric gate of the sluice gate closes quickly, blocking the first outlet pipe channel, and subsequent water continues to enter the well through the tangential inlet to complete centrifugal sedimentation, and the clean rainwater is discharged into the downstream storage tank, natural water body or emergency channel through the overflow pipe, thus achieving the diversion of rainwater after pollution control.
[0025] The initial rainwater collection trunk line collects rainwater with a high pollution load. Therefore, the switching well utilizes the capacity of the rainwater interception trunk line as much as possible to transport the rainwater to the sewage treatment plant or rainwater treatment station for treatment before discharge, rather than simply diverting the flow based on the inflow volume or water level.
[0026] By using cyclone separation technology to efficiently pretreat particulate organic matter and silt in initial rainwater, it can effectively reduce the risk of siltation in dry canals, prevent backflow and large-scale overflow, and significantly reduce the treatment load and impact of subsequent rainwater treatment plants. This provides a more comprehensive pollution control and disaster prevention and mitigation solution for cities to cope with extreme rainfall and prevent secondary disasters.
[0027] like Figure 2 The angle between the overflow pipe and the inlet pipe is b, and the overflow pipe and the inlet pipe form a 90° angle, or as follows: Figure 3 The overflow pipe forms a 130° angle with the inlet pipe. The removal efficiency for small particles is best at angles of 90° and 130°. For small to medium-sized particles ≤250µm, the removal rate is 40.10% at 90°; for microparticles ≤50µm, the removal rate is 39.67% at 130°.
[0028] like Figures 4-7The height difference between the inlet pipe and the overflow pipe is denoted as 'a', and this height difference can be either 50 mm or 100 mm. Two height difference combinations (50 mm / 100 mm) are used to adjust the overflow rate. Based on FLUENT simulation analysis, the total particle removal rate is highest at a net height of 100 mm, reaching 40.95%. However, the overflow pipe is very tall, and when fully overflowing, it significantly impacts the downstream flow, resulting in a lower overflow rate of 41% and a smaller waste flow. At a net height of 50 mm, the overall particle removal rate is similar at 38.20%, but the waste flow rate is higher at 46%.
[0029] The inlet pipe is equipped with an inlet valve, which can be controlled by a solenoid valve during maintenance. The overflow pipe is S-shaped. The S-shaped overflow pipe utilizes the water seal principle to prevent odors from flowing back into the switching well, thus improving the surrounding air quality. Simultaneously, when rainwater flow is high, the buffering effect of the S-shaped pipe prevents water from directly impacting downstream water bodies, reducing disturbance and pollution spread.
[0030] like Figures 8-9 The diameter-to-depth ratio of the switching well is 1.1 or 0.8. For particles with a diameter greater than or equal to 20 μm, under the same particle diameter, the particle removal rate initially increases and then decreases with increasing influent flow velocity. A good particle removal rate can be achieved within a certain range of influent flow velocities, and the optimal particle removal rate is reached at an influent velocity of 2 m / s. When the diameter-to-depth ratio is 1.1 or 0.8, the optimal particle removal rate for particles larger than 20 μm is achieved at an influent velocity of 2 m / s, which are 31.25% and 32.91%, respectively.
[0031] Example 2 The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the switching well is equipped with a spiral channel, and the inner wall of the switching well and the inner wall of the spiral channel are coated with a superhydrophobic layer. The spiral shape of the shell of a shellfish can effectively guide water flow and improve water flow efficiency. In a similar spiral switching well design, rainwater rises from the bottom along the spiral channel. During the ascent, silt and particulate organic matter settle towards the outer wall of the switching well under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, while clean water is discharged from the top. This biomimetic structure enhances the swirling effect, improves pollutant removal efficiency, and reduces internal resistance, thus lowering energy consumption. Furthermore, adding a superhydrophobic coating to the inner walls of the switching well and pipes causes rainwater to form droplets that roll on the wall surface, further reducing the contact area between rainwater and the wall, and reducing the possibility of silt adhesion and accumulation.
[0032] Example 3 The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the switching well is made of polyethylene material. The switching well can be prefabricated in the factory and assembled on-site, shortening the construction cycle and facilitating later maintenance and upgrades. Both the switching well and the transition well can be prefabricated in the factory. When a module fails, the corresponding module can be directly replaced without requiring large-scale overhaul of the entire system.
[0033] Example 4 The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the switching well has a polygonal cross-section, and a guide plate is installed inside the switching well to guide the water flow. The switching well can be hexagonal in shape. A hexagonal sedimentation well can increase the effective internal volume and improve rainwater treatment capacity while occupying the same area. At the same time, guide plates can be installed at its corners to guide rainwater to form a more stable vortex, enhancing the separation effect of sediment and particulate organic matter.
[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A built-in permeable channel type switching well, characterized in that, include: The system includes an inlet pipe, a permeable channel, a switching well, and a first outlet pipe. The permeable channel is arranged in a ring along the inner wall of the switching well. The side walls of the permeable channel away from the switching well are connected end to end to form a through hole. Several outlet holes are opened on the bottom surface of the permeable channel and on the side away from the inner wall of the switching well. A filter layer is provided inside the permeable channel. The inlet pipe is connected to the switching well and is located above the permeable channel. The first outlet pipe is located on the side wall of the switching well and its height is not higher than that of the permeable channel.
2. The built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching well includes an upper well body and a sedimentation pit. The sedimentation pit is located at the center of the bottom of the upper well body, and a downwardly inclined transition surface is provided between the upper well body and the sedimentation pit.
3. The built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter layer includes, from top to bottom, a vegetation layer, a first gravel layer, a planting soil layer, a geotextile layer, and a second gravel layer.
4. The built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching well has a circular cross-section, the inlet pipe is tangent to the inner wall of the switching well, and the diameter-to-depth ratio of the switching well is 1.1 or 0.
8. Alternatively, the switching well may have a polygonal cross-section, and a guide plate for guiding water flow may be installed inside the switching well.
5. A built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a transition well, which is located on one side of the switching well. The first water outlet pipe is connected to the transition well, and a water flow control device is provided at the outlet end of the first water outlet pipe. A second water outlet pipe is also provided on one side of the transition well, and the second water outlet pipe is connected to the main canal.
6. A built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid level sensor, which is installed in the dry canal and is electrically connected to a water flow control device, which is a sluice gate or a water valve.
7. The built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching well is made of polyethylene material.
8. A built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an overflow pipe, which is tangent to the inner wall of the switching well. The overflow pipe is located above the inlet pipe and forms a 90° angle with the inlet pipe, or a 130° angle with the inlet pipe. The height difference between the inlet pipe and the overflow pipe is 50mm or 100mm.
9. A built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inlet pipe is equipped with an inlet valve, and the overflow pipe is S-shaped.
10. A built-in permeable channel type switching well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching well is equipped with a spiral channel, and the inner wall of the switching well and the inner wall of the spiral channel are coated with a superhydrophobic layer.