Air-raid shelter exit structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a civil air defence engineering ventilation technical field especially, it is a civil air defence air shaft outlet structure, solved the problem that the rain in the prior art of air shaft rainproof only depends on top air cap shielding, poor tightness, heavy rain under strong wind rainwater is easy to blow into the air shaft inside from the gap or edge. The structure includes the air shaft outlet, its bottom end connects the concrete pedestal, top connection top cover, and the top cover is connected with the air shaft outlet top through the vertical rod, and the air shaft outlet both sides are equipped with the air outlet, and the air outlet is detachably connected with the rainproof louver, and the air shaft outlet both sides are connected with the lifting frame, and the lifting frame is slidably connected with the baffle, and the baffle bottom end slides and penetrates the lifting frame bottom. The utility model drives the baffle to cover the air outlet through the lifting structure, and combines the rainproof louver and top cover drainage structure, realizes multistage rainproof, effectively prevents rainwater backflow and infiltration, and significantly improves the air shaft outlet under the sealing property and rainproof performance in bad weather.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ventilation technology for civil defense engineering, and in particular to an outlet structure for a civil defense ventilation shaft. Background Technology

[0002] The ventilation shaft exit structure is a crucial component of the ventilation system in civil defense projects. It primarily connects underground civil defense spaces to the external atmosphere, enabling air exchange, smoke extraction, ventilation, and pressure regulation during wartime and peacetime. Typically located above ground or on the exterior of buildings, it comprises ventilation shaft ducts, rain caps, protective netting, and external decorative components. It not only plays a vital role in ensuring internal air quality and environmental safety but also requires good protective performance and a certain degree of aesthetic harmony. In the context of increasingly emphasizing both functionality and aesthetics in urban construction and civil defense projects, the design of ventilation shaft exit structures must not only meet basic ventilation requirements but also consider rainproofing, dustproofing, prevention of foreign object intrusion, and visual integration with the surrounding environment.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as Chinese patent CN202265994U, disclose a basement ventilation shaft. This shaft includes a pipe section buried underground and an exposed section extending above the ground. The exposed section is topped with a vent cap, and printed glass is used for decoration on the outside of the pipe and the surface of the vent cap to enhance the overall aesthetics. While this structure improves visual appeal, it is not without its flaws.

[0004] However, serious technical defects still exist in practical applications. The main problem is that the rain protection of this ventilation shaft structure mainly relies on the simple shielding of the top hood, lacking effective water guiding, sealing and anti-backflow design. When exposed to wind and rain for a long time, especially in strong winds, rain or typhoons, rainwater can easily be blown into the ventilation shaft from the edge of the hood or gaps.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of ventilation shaft outlet structure in civil defense facilities to solve this problem. This new structure should significantly improve rainproof, drainage, and sealing performance while ensuring ventilation, effectively resisting the erosion caused by complex weather conditions. At the same time, it should have good durability and ease of maintenance, better meeting the comprehensive requirements of modern civil defense projects for high safety, high reliability, and environmental adaptability, and providing strong support for the long-term stable operation of civil defense facilities. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an outlet structure for a civil defense ventilation shaft, which solves the problem that the existing ventilation shaft structure mainly relies on the simple shielding of the top hood for rain protection, lacks effective water guiding, sealing and anti-backflow design, and is exposed to wind and rain environment for a long time, especially in strong wind, rain or typhoon weather, rainwater is easily blown into the ventilation shaft from the edge of the hood or gaps.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a structure for the outlet of a civil defense ventilation shaft, including a ventilation shaft outlet, wherein a concrete base is connected to the bottom end of the ventilation shaft outlet and a top cover is connected to the top.

[0008] The bottom of the top cover is connected to the top of the ventilation shaft outlet via a vertical rod. Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet are provided with air outlets, and rainproof louvers can be detachably connected to the interior of both air outlets.

[0009] Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet are connected to lifting frames, and a baffle plate is slidably connected inside the lifting frame. The bottom end of the baffle plate slides through the bottom of the lifting frame. Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet are connected to the top of vertical lifting structures, and the output end of the vertical lifting structure is connected to the bottom end of the adjacent baffle plate.

[0010] The concrete base has bottom slopes on both sides of its top, and one side of the bottom slopes extends to the bottom corner of the ventilation shaft outlet.

[0011] The top of the cover is provided with a drainage groove, and inclined plates are connected to both sides of the inside of the drainage groove. Both ends of the cover are connected to drainage pipes that communicate with the drainage groove.

[0012] The ventilation shaft outlet has mounting grooves on both sides that communicate with the air outlet, and the rainproof louvers are bolted to the inner wall of the mounting grooves.

[0013] The shielding plate is fixedly connected to a fixed plate on one side bottom, and the vertical lifting structure includes a lifting cylinder connected to the top of one side of the lifting frame through a top plate. The output end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the top of the fixed plate.

[0014] The inner wall of the lifting frame is provided with lifting grooves on both sides, and the two sides of the baffle plate slide in cooperation with the inside of the lifting groove.

[0015] This utility model discloses a ventilation shaft outlet structure for civil defense facilities. By installing liftable shields on both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet in conjunction with a lifting frame, and driven by a vertical lifting structure, it achieves dynamic opening and closing control of the outlet. This effectively solves the problem in existing technologies where relying solely on fixed hoods for rain protection leads to rainwater being easily blown into the ventilation shaft by strong winds. It significantly improves the rainproof sealing performance of the ventilation shaft outlet under severe weather conditions such as heavy rain and typhoons. When closed, the shields completely cover the outlet, forming a physical barrier to prevent rainwater backflow, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional structures such as poor sealing and easy leakage. The rainproof louvers are detachably connected and installed inside the outlet, retaining the ventilation function while providing additional protection when the shields are open. It provides basic protection against rain and foreign object intrusion, and is easy to disassemble, clean, or replace, improving maintenance convenience. The top cover is connected to the top of the ventilation shaft outlet via vertical rods, forming a top ventilation gap to avoid complete closure and ensure that there is still a certain amount of exhaust capacity when the shield is closed, balancing rain protection and ventilation. The concrete base provides a solid foundation support for the entire structure, enhancing the stability and durability of the overall structure and adapting to long-term outdoor use. The lifting frame provides a stable sliding guide for the shield, ensuring smooth and jam-free lifting. The vertical lifting structure can be automatically or manually controlled according to weather conditions, realizing intelligent or semi-intelligent operation and improving the system's responsiveness and adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting frame and drainage pipe according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined plate and drainage pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shielding plate and the lifting groove in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting groove and air outlet of an embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Top cover; 2. Ventilation shaft outlet; 3. Concrete base; 4. Lifting frame; 5. Drainage pipe; 6. Inclined plate; 7. Fixing plate; 8. Baffle plate; 9. Lifting groove; 10. Top plate; 11. Lifting cylinder; 12. Rainproof louver; 13. Mounting groove; 14. Air outlet; 15. Bottom slope. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Please see Figure 1-5 As shown, a civil defense ventilation shaft outlet structure of this embodiment includes a ventilation shaft outlet 2, a concrete base 3 connected to the bottom end of the ventilation shaft outlet 2, and a top cover 1 connected to the top.

[0026] The bottom of the top cover 1 is connected to the top of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 via a vertical rod. Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 are provided with air outlets 14, and the interior of both air outlets 14 can be detachably connected with rainproof louvers 12.

[0027] Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 are connected to lifting frames 4. Inside the lifting frames 4, there are sliding baffles 8. The bottom end of the baffles 8 slides through the bottom of the lifting frames 4. Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 are connected to vertical lifting structures at the top. The output end of the vertical lifting structure is connected to the bottom end of the adjacent baffles 8.

[0028] Workflow: When using the ventilation shaft outlet structure, firstly, the concrete base 3 is pre-embedded or poured in the designated location on the ground as the foundation support for the entire ventilation shaft outlet structure, ensuring its stability and anti-settlement capacity; the bottom end of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 is firmly connected to the concrete base 3 to form the main ventilation channel; the top cover 1 is set on the top of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 and connected to the top of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 through vertical rods, leaving a ventilation gap between the top cover 1 and the top of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 to avoid direct closure and ensure normal ventilation needs; air outlets 14 are opened on both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 for horizontal ventilation and exhaust, and each air outlet 14 has a detachable rainproof louver 12 inside. The rainproof louver 12 adopts an inclined blade structure, which can effectively block rainwater from directly entering the ventilation shaft, while allowing airflow to pass smoothly, and the detachable design facilitates later cleaning, maintenance or replacement; lifting frames 4 are connected to the outer walls on both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2. The lifting frame 4 is a vertically set guide rail structure, and a baffle 8 is slidably connected inside. The baffle 8 can slide along the... The lifting frame 4 slides up and down, with its bottom end extending downwards and sliding through the bottom of the lifting frame 4. Vertical lifting structures are installed on the top of both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2. The output end of the vertical lifting structure is connected to the bottom end of the adjacent shield 8. When the weather is sunny and ventilation demand is high, the vertical lifting structure drives the shield 8 to descend to its lowest position, fully exposing the air outlet 14 and ensuring maximum ventilation area. When rainfall or severe weather is detected, the control system activates the vertical lifting structure, driving the shield 8 to slide upwards along the lifting frame 4. Until the baffle 8 completely covers the outside of the air outlet 14, forming a sealed or semi-sealed barrier, effectively preventing rainwater from entering the air shaft from the air outlet 14; at the same time, the inclined design of the top cover 1 can guide some rainwater to the outside, which, together with the sealing effect of the baffle 8, forms a multi-level rainproof system; after the rain stops, the vertical lifting structure will operate again to lift and reset the baffle 8, restoring the ventilation function; the rainproof louvers 12 still play a primary rainproof role when the baffle 8 is open, and are covered and protected when the baffle 8 is closed, extending their service life.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] Please see Figure 1-5 As shown in this embodiment, a civil defense ventilation shaft outlet structure has bottom slopes 15 on both sides of the top of the concrete base 3. One side of the bottom slope 15 extends to the bottom corner of the ventilation shaft outlet 2. Specifically, by setting the bottom slopes 15, the bottom slopes 15 on both sides of the top of the concrete base 3 extend outward and downward from the bottom corner of the ventilation shaft outlet 2. When rainwater flows down the outer wall of the ventilation shaft outlet 2, it guides the water flow to quickly leave the top area of ​​the base, thereby preventing rainwater from accumulating on the top of the base and reducing the risk of water seepage. At the same time, it helps to avoid mud and water accumulation and improves the drainage performance and durability of the foundation.

[0031] Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 are provided with mounting grooves 13 that communicate with the air outlet 14. The rainproof louvers 12 are bolted to the inner wall of the mounting grooves 13. Specifically, through the cooperation between the mounting grooves 13 and the rainproof louvers 12, the mounting grooves 13 on both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 are connected to the air outlet 14. The rainproof louvers 12 are embedded in the mounting grooves 13 and fixed to the groove wall with bolts, which improves the installation stability and sealing of the rainproof louvers 12, prevents the rainproof louvers 12 from loosening and falling off in strong winds, and facilitates disassembly and maintenance, ensuring rainproof reliability during long-term use.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] Please see Figure 1-5 As shown in the figure, in this embodiment of a civil defense ventilation shaft outlet structure, the top of the top cover 1 is provided with a drainage trough. Both sides of the drainage trough are connected to inclined plates 6. Both ends of the top cover 1 are connected to drainage pipes 5 that communicate with the drainage trough. Specifically, through the coordinated arrangement of the drainage trough, inclined plates 6 and drainage pipes 5, the drainage trough at the top of the top cover 1 collects rainwater falling onto the surface of the top cover. The inclined plates 6 on both sides guide the water flow to the center of the drainage trough, and then the drainage pipes 5 connected at both ends guide the rainwater to a position away from the ventilation shaft outlet. This achieves the effect of quickly draining water accumulated on the top cover and preventing rainwater from dripping along the edge of the top cover or flowing back into the ventilation shaft, thereby enhancing the overall waterproof capability of the top area.

[0034] A fixed plate 7 is fixedly connected to one bottom side of the baffle plate 8. The vertical lifting structure includes a lifting cylinder 11 connected to the top side of the lifting frame 4 via a top plate 10. The output end of the lifting cylinder 11 is connected to the top of the fixed plate 7. Specifically, through the cooperation of the fixed plate 7, the top plate 10 and the lifting cylinder 11, the fixed plate 7 at the bottom side of the baffle plate 8 is connected to the output end of the lifting cylinder 11. The lifting cylinder 11 is fixed to the top side of the lifting frame 4 via the top plate 10. When the cylinder is activated, it pushes the fixed plate 7 to move the baffle plate 8 up and down along the lifting frame 4, thus providing a stable and reliable lifting driving force, ensuring smooth and synchronous opening and closing of the baffle plate, and improving the accuracy and stability of automatic control.

[0035] Lifting grooves 9 are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the lifting frame 4. Both sides of the baffle plate 8 slide in cooperation with the inside of the lifting grooves 9. Specifically, through the cooperation between the lifting grooves 9 and the baffle plate 8, the lifting grooves 9 on both sides of the inner wall of the lifting frame 4 slide in cooperation with the baffle plate 8, providing a precise guide path for the up and down movement of the baffle plate 8. This achieves the effect of preventing the baffle plate from tilting, jamming or shaking during the lifting process, ensuring that it fits smoothly against the air outlet 14 to achieve effective sealing, and improving the reliability and service life of the motion mechanism.

[0036] When using the ventilation shaft outlet structure, firstly, a concrete base 3 is pre-embedded or poured into a designated location on the ground as the foundation support for the entire structure. Both sides of its top are provided with bottom slopes 15, which extend outwards and downwards from the bottom corner of the ventilation shaft outlet 2. This helps guide rainwater flowing down the outer wall of the ventilation shaft away from the top of the base quickly, preventing water seepage. The bottom end of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 is firmly connected to the concrete base 3, forming the main ventilation channel. The top cover 1 is installed on top of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 and connected to the top of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 via vertical rods, leaving a ventilation gap between the top cover 1 and the top of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 to ensure normal ventilation requirements. The top of the top cover 1... A drainage trough is provided, with inclined plates 6 connected to both sides of the trough. This allows rainwater falling onto the top cover surface to be concentrated and guided to the center of the drainage trough. The rainwater is then discharged to a location away from the ventilation shaft via drainage pipes 5 connected to both ends of the top cover 1, effectively preventing backflow or dripping around the ventilation shaft. Air outlets 14 are provided on both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2 for horizontal ventilation. Each air outlet 14 has an internal mounting groove 13, into which rainproof louvers 12 are embedded and fixed to the groove wall with bolts, achieving a detachable connection. This ensures installation stability and facilitates future maintenance and replacement. Lifting frames 4 are connected to the outer walls on both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2. 4. Lifting grooves 9 are provided on both sides of the inner wall. The two sides of the baffle plate 8 slide in the lifting grooves 9 to ensure that it is stable and without deviation during the lifting process. The bottom end of the baffle plate 8 slides through the bottom of the lifting frame 4, and a fixing plate 7 is fixedly connected to one side of its bottom. Vertical lifting structures are provided on the top of both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet 2. The structure consists of a lifting cylinder 11 fixed to the top of one side of the lifting frame 4 through the top plate 10. The output end of the lifting cylinder 11 is connected to the top of the fixing plate 7. When the weather is sunny and the ventilation demand is high, the control system activates the lifting cylinder 11 to drive the baffle plate 8 to slide down along the lifting groove 9 to the low position, so that the air outlet 14 is fully exposed to ensure maximum ventilation. Ventilation area; when rainfall or severe weather is detected, the lifting cylinder 11 reverses its action, pushing the fixed plate 7 to slide the shield 8 upward along the lifting groove 9 until it completely covers the outside of the air outlet 14, forming a sealed barrier to effectively prevent rainwater from entering the ventilation shaft; the drainage groove, inclined plate 6, and drainage pipe 5 of the top cover 1 work together to remove the water accumulated on the top in time, forming a multi-level rainproof system with the sealing function of the shield 8; after the rain stops, the lifting cylinder 11 moves again to lower the shield 8 back to its original position and restore the ventilation function; the rainproof louvers 12 play a primary role in rainproofing and preventing foreign objects when the shield 8 is open, and are covered and protected when the shield 8 is closed, extending their service life.The structure, through the concrete base 3 and the bottom slope 15, enhances the stability of the foundation and improves the drainage performance of the base area, effectively preventing rainwater accumulation and leakage. The connection between the top cover 1 and the vertical rod retains ventilation gaps, while the drainage channel, slope 6, and drainage pipe 5 at the top constitute a complete drainage system, significantly improving the rainproof capability of the top and preventing rainwater from seeping in along the edges. The rainproof louvers 12 inside the air outlet 14 are detachably fixed by the mounting groove 13 and bolts, improving the installation sealing and wind resistance, and facilitating maintenance. The lowering frame 4 and the lifting groove 9 provide precise guidance for the shield 8, ensuring its smooth lifting and lowering. The shield 8 is connected to the lifting cylinder 11 through the fixing plate 7, and is stably driven under the support of the top plate 10, with reliable operation and good synchronization. The overall structure controls the lifting and lowering of the shield 8 through the lifting cylinder 11, realizing the dynamic opening and closing of the air outlet 14. This effectively solves the problem that traditional ventilation shafts rely solely on fixed hoods, which makes it easy for rainwater to be blown in by strong winds. It significantly improves the rainproof sealing performance and environmental adaptability, taking into account both ventilation function and protection needs under severe weather conditions.

[0037] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one or more preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of this application still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A structure for the outlet of a civil defense ventilation shaft, characterized in that, include: The ventilation shaft outlet has a concrete base at its bottom and a top cover at its top. The bottom of the top cover is connected to the top of the ventilation shaft outlet via a vertical rod. Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet are provided with air outlets, and rainproof louvers can be detachably connected to the interior of both air outlets. Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet are connected to lifting frames, and a baffle plate is slidably connected inside the lifting frame. The bottom end of the baffle plate slides through the bottom of the lifting frame. Both sides of the ventilation shaft outlet are connected to the top of vertical lifting structures, and the output end of the vertical lifting structure is connected to the bottom end of the adjacent baffle plate.

2. The air-raid shelter ventilation shaft outlet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concrete base has bottom slopes on both sides of its top, and one side of the bottom slopes extends to the bottom corner of the ventilation shaft outlet.

3. The air-raid shelter ventilation shaft outlet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the cover is provided with a drainage groove, and inclined plates are connected to both sides of the inside of the drainage groove. Both ends of the cover are connected to drainage pipes that communicate with the drainage groove.

4. The air-raid shelter ventilation shaft outlet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ventilation shaft outlet has mounting grooves on both sides that communicate with the air outlet, and the rainproof louvers are bolted to the inner wall of the mounting grooves.

5. The air-raid shelter ventilation shaft outlet structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, A fixed plate is fixedly connected to one side bottom of the shielding plate. The vertical lifting structure includes a lifting cylinder connected to the top of one side of the lifting frame through a top plate. The output end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the top of the fixed plate.

6. The air-raid shelter ventilation shaft outlet structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the lifting frame is provided with lifting grooves on both sides, and the two sides of the baffle plate are slidably engaged with the inside of the lifting grooves.

Images