High side wall construction combined formwork

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high side wall construction combined template, include: frame assembly is formed by channel steel, angle steel and steel pipe splicing, and channel steel is main framework, and angle steel is used for the fixing and spacing of special-shaped structure template, and steel pipe is used for auxiliary support, embedded panel is fixed in the front of frame assembly, bolt type connecting piece includes U type buckle and L type buckle, and U type buckle is used to assemble into basic combined template with scattered template, and L type buckle is used to splice into the standardized unit of different size with basic combined template, adjustable support rod includes horizontal support rod and vertical support rod, and horizontal support rod and vertical support rod staggered arrangement, and realize length and angle adjustment through adjusting nut, buckle assembly is welded on the back of frame assembly by the fine steel pipe of diameter 25mm, and the arrangement interval is 30cm each, the utility model improves the construction efficiency and safety of hydropower station high side wall, reduces quality risk, especially applicable to the concrete structure construction under the narrow operation surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction technology, specifically relating to a combined formwork for high sidewall construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of hydropower station dams, structures such as stilling basin sidewalls and spillway retaining walls need to be raised synchronously with the dam body, and the efficiency of their formwork construction directly affects the project progress. Traditional construction often uses loose formwork, with small individual pieces and irregular shapes. Although it has strong adaptability, it has drawbacks such as low installation efficiency, high quality risks, significant safety hazards, and resource conflicts. In existing technologies, although large-size flip-top formwork is used, its structure is fixed, its adaptability is poor, it is difficult to match complex sidewall shapes, and resource allocation conflicts are prominent.

[0003] For example, Chinese Utility Model Patent Application No. CN202421598032.1 discloses a concrete template for the construction of a water conservancy and hydropower dam, including a base. Two vertical plates are provided on the upper surface of the base, and a rotating rod is rotatably connected to each of the two vertical plates. The rotating rod passes through the vertical plates. A rotary motor is fixedly connected to one side of one of the vertical plates, and the main shaft of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the rotating rod on that vertical plate. This utility model, by setting up baffles and fixing plates, allows the baffles and fixing plates to converge and form a concrete block template during concrete block production. After the concrete block is produced, the template is first flipped over, and then the various components of the template are separated, simultaneously separating from the concrete block for easy removal.

[0004] For example, Chinese Utility Model Patent Application No. CN202421817379.0 discloses a permeable formwork system suitable for underwater large-volume concrete pouring, including a permeable formwork frame, wire mesh, and tie rod support components. The permeable formwork frame includes a three-sided bottom-mounted water-permeable steel reinforcement frame formwork consisting of three sides and a bottom surface. The wire mesh is laid on and fixed to the three sides and the bottom surface. The tie rod support components include several diagonal tie rods for connecting the bottom surface to each side surface, forming a locally stable triangular rigid connection structure. This permeable formwork system suitable for underwater large-volume concrete pouring has the advantages of reduced construction difficulty, improved safety, stronger adaptability, better forming quality, and lower cost.

[0005] For example, Chinese invention patent application CN202011345398.4 discloses a sidewall formwork support structure, including a formwork panel and a support base. Multiple support rods are arranged between the formwork panel and the support base, and a connecting base is also included. The formwork panel and the connecting base are rotatably connected, and the support base and the connecting base are fixedly connected. A first sliding groove is provided on the formwork panel at the end of each support rod, and a second sliding groove is provided on the support base at the end of each support rod. A first sliding block is provided at one end of each support rod, and a second sliding block is provided at the other end. The first sliding block is slidably connected to the first sliding groove, and the second sliding block is slidably connected to the second sliding groove. The support rod is hinged to the first and second sliding blocks. A first fixing member is provided on the formwork panel for fixing the first sliding block, and a second fixing member is provided on the support base for fixing the second sliding block. This technical solution has the effect of improving construction efficiency.

[0006] The existing technologies described above all suffer from problems such as low construction efficiency due to template turnover, poor safety, and difficulty in quality control. Therefore, this application provides a combined template for high sidewall construction. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This utility model addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a combined formwork for high sidewall construction.

[0008] The high sidewall construction assembly formwork includes: The frame components are formed by splicing together channel steel, angle steel and steel pipes. The channel steel serves as the main skeleton, the angle steel is used for fixing and limiting the irregular structure template, and the steel pipes are used for auxiliary support. An embedded panel, fixed to the front of the frame assembly, is used to form a concrete pouring surface; Pin-type connectors include U-shaped clips and L-shaped clips. U-shaped clips are used to assemble loose templates into basic combined templates, and L-shaped clips are used to assemble basic combined templates into standardized units of different sizes. Adjustable struts, including horizontal struts and vertical struts, are staggered with each other. The length of the adjustable struts can be adjusted within a range of 35cm, and the angle can be adjusted within a range of 90 degrees. The length and angle can be adjusted by adjusting the nuts. The snap-fit ​​assembly consists of a 25mm diameter thin steel pipe welded to the back of the frame assembly, with a spacing of 30cm per unit. It is used for the initial connection between the combined templates and for threading ropes during hoisting. The frame components, embedded panels, and snap-fit ​​components are combined using pin-type connectors to form standardized units of 3m×1.5m, 3m×4.5m, 0.9m×1.5m, or 0.9m×3.0m, which are suitable for the concrete construction of high sidewalls of stilling basins, spillway retaining walls, and dam back steps in hydropower stations.

[0009] Furthermore, the frame components are made of 10# channel steel, 10# angle steel, or φ50 steel pipe; The channel steel is spot-welded to the stiffening ribs on the back of the embedded panel, the steel pipe is tied to the channel steel with thick binding wire, and the angle steel is resistance-welded to the connecting rod of the irregular structure template.

[0010] Furthermore, the embedded panel is fixed to the frame assembly by spot welding or binding. The embedded panel is 2-3mm thick and made of Q235 steel plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the opening size of the U-shaped buckle is adapted to the edge thickness of the loose template, and the two right-angled sides of the L-shaped buckle are respectively provided with slots that match the edge of the basic combined template.

[0012] Furthermore, the high sidewall construction combination formwork also includes irregular structure formwork fixing components for connecting formwork at corners or narrow spaces. At least two fixing components are provided for each irregular part to achieve overall fixing of the corner formwork and the irregular sidewall. Furthermore, the fixing components of the irregular structure template adopt a double fixing arrangement at the top and bottom, with the spacing between the fixing components less than or equal to 30cm, to achieve overall stability of the corner template and the template in narrow space.

[0013] Furthermore, the standardized units used for the construction of the stilling basin sidewall and spillway retaining wall are equipped with tie rod perforations. The diameter of the tie rod perforations is 25mm, and the spacing between rows is 15cm×30cm, which are used to insert tie rods to fix the formwork on both sides of the wall.

[0014] Furthermore, the adjustable strut includes a telescopic screw and an adjusting nut. One end of the telescopic screw is connected to the frame assembly, and the other end is equipped with an adaptive adjusting head for contact with the construction base or other supporting structures.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. The high side wall construction combined formwork of this utility model can be quickly spliced ​​by U-shaped buckles and L-shaped buckles with pin-type connectors. The basic combined formwork can be flexibly combined into standardized units such as 3m×1.5m and 3m×4.5m. With the buckle components, the 25mm diameter thin steel pipes are spaced 30cm apart to achieve a preliminary overall connection between the formworks, which greatly reduces the installation steps. 2. The high sidewall construction combination formwork of this utility model can be adapted to different wall slopes and spatial dimensions through adjustable support rods; the formwork fixing parts with irregular structure are specially designed to solve the problem of formwork splicing in corners and narrow spaces; at the same time, it supports multi-size combinations from 0.9m×1.5m dam back steps to 3m×4.5m stilling basin sidewalls, covering multiple scenarios such as high sidewalls of hydropower stations, spillway retaining walls, and dam back steps, and its adaptability is significantly better than that of single-function formwork; 3. The high sidewall construction combined formwork described in this utility model improves stability through a composite reinforcement system. The frame components use 10# channel steel as the main skeleton, with angle steel limiting and φ50 steel pipe auxiliary support, resulting in high overall rigidity. The horizontal and vertical struts are staggered, and combined with the adaptive adjustment head of the adjustable struts, the lateral pressure of the concrete can be evenly distributed. The stilling basin sidewall formwork is equipped with 25mm tie rod perforations, with a row spacing of 15cm×30cm. Double nuts are used to ensure that the formwork on both sides is symmetrically stressed, reducing the risk of deformation during the pouring process and ultimately significantly improving the surface quality of the formed concrete. 4. The high side wall construction combined formwork of this utility model uses a 25mm diameter thin steel pipe as the buckle component, which has a dual function. It serves as a preliminary connection component between formworks and can also be directly used as a rope threading point for hoisting, avoiding the need for additional welding of lifting rings, simplifying the hoisting process and reducing the risk of falling off. At the same time, small combined formworks can be moved manually, and large units can be hoisted into place by crane in one go, reducing the time spent working at height and taking into account both human-machine collaboration efficiency and safety. 5. The modular design of the high sidewall construction combination formwork of this utility model allows the basic formwork to be adapted to various scenarios through different combinations. For example, a 3m×1.5m unit can be assembled into a 3m×4.5m large formwork, reducing the need for customized special formwork and reducing material waste; the installation efficiency is increased by more than 5 times, and the investment in carpentry is greatly reduced; the pin-type connection avoids welding loss, and the detachable structure makes it easy to clean concrete adhering materials and extend the service life of the formwork. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figures 1-a to 1-b This is a schematic diagram of the combined formwork for the high sidewall construction and the dam rear steps. Figures 2-a to 2-b This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the combined formwork for the high sidewall construction. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the irregular-shaped formwork fixing component for the high sidewall construction combination formwork; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the 1015 rigid formwork foundation for the combined formwork used in the construction of the high sidewall. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the 2015 rigid formwork foundation for the combined formwork used in the construction of the high sidewall. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the 3015 rigid formwork foundation for the high sidewall construction composite formwork. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the 6015 rigid formwork foundation for the high sidewall construction composite formwork. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Loose formwork; 2. U-shaped clip; 3. Gasket; 4. L-shaped clip; 5. Steel pipe; 6. Channel steel; 7. Binding wire; 8. Tie rod reserved hole; 9. Tie rod; 10. Concrete side wall; 11. Tie rod nut; 12. Telescopic rod; 13. Adjusting fixing screw; 14. Adjusting nut; 15. Formwork connecting rod; 16. Formwork connecting plate with hole; 17. Telescopic fixing screw; 18. Telescopic rod fixing plate; 19. Adjusting screw fixing plate; 20. Adjusting fixing screw connector; 21. Support head. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the high sidewall construction combination formwork described in this utility model. Example

[0018] like Figures 1-a to 1-b and Figures 2-a to 2-b As shown, the high sidewall construction combination formwork includes: The frame assembly is formed by splicing channel steel 6, angle steel and steel pipe 5. Channel steel 6 serves as the main skeleton, angle steel is used for fixing and limiting irregular structure templates, and steel pipe 5 is used for auxiliary support. An embedded panel (not shown in the attached diagram) is fixed to the front of the frame assembly to form a concrete pouring surface; The pin-type connector includes a U-shaped buckle 2 and an L-shaped buckle 4. The U-shaped buckle 2 is used to assemble the loose template 1 into a basic combined template, and the L-shaped buckle 4 is used to assemble the basic combined template into standardized units of different sizes. Adjustable struts (not shown in the attached diagram) include horizontal struts and vertical struts. The horizontal struts and vertical struts are staggered. The length of the adjustable struts can be adjusted within a range of 35cm, and the angle can be adjusted within a range of 90 degrees. The length and angle can be adjusted by adjusting the nuts. The snap-fit ​​assembly (not shown in the attached diagram) is made of a 25mm diameter thin steel pipe welded to the back of the frame assembly, with a spacing of 30cm per assembly. It is used for the initial connection between the combined templates and for threading ropes during hoisting. The frame components, embedded panels, and snap-fit ​​components are combined using pin-type connectors to form standardized units of 3m×1.5m, 3m×4.5m, 0.9m×1.5m, or 0.9m×3.0m, which are suitable for the concrete construction of high sidewalls of stilling basins, spillway retaining walls, and dam back steps in hydropower stations.

[0019] Specifically, in actual use, the modular formwork is adjusted in size using pin connectors. The main modular formwork sizes used in the installation of the stilling basin sidewall and spillway retaining wall are 3m×1.5m and 3m×4.5m. The formwork quantity for the stilling basin sidewall is prepared in three compartments to facilitate continuous operation. For the dam's downstream steps, 0.9m×1.5m and 0.9m×3.0m modular formwork are used, with the 0.9m×3.0m size being the primary choice. The modular formwork is prepared in two compartments to facilitate continuous operation. U-shaped clips 2 are used to assemble the loose formwork 1 into a basic modular formwork, and L-shaped clips 4 are used to reassemble the basic modular formwork. The final assembly is performed according to actual needs. The combined formwork used for the stilling basin and spillway retaining walls is hoisted by crane, with dimensions of 3m×1.5m and 3m×4.5m; the combined formwork for the steps behind the dam is moved or dismantled manually, with dimensions of 0.9m×1.5m and 0.9m×3.0m, which is highly flexible and efficient. When manual dismantling is not possible, cranes are used for dismantling. In practical use, installing one stilling basin using a modular formwork system requires 2 days (16 hours) for one compartment, covering an area of ​​120m². 2 Using combined formwork, installation can be completed in 3 hours, increasing efficiency by more than 5 times. A 60m long step behind the dam would take about 12 hours to complete using loose formwork 1, but can be fixed in 2-3 hours using loose formwork 1, which can avoid the situation of waiting for formwork installation after concrete pouring.

[0020] The improved installation efficiency of modular formwork also relies on the clips installed between the modular formwork sections. The clips are made of thin steel pipes welded to the back of the formwork, with a diameter of 25mm. The clips are spaced 30cm apart. During the connection process between modular formwork sections, the initial overall connection of the formwork is achieved by inserting steel bars into the clips, thus improving efficiency. At the same time, for modular formwork sections that need to be lifted by crane, the clips can also be used as ropes during lifting, making the lifting of large modular formwork sections safer.

[0021] The fixing of the combined formwork is adjusted according to the usage scenario, and the fixing method of the combined formwork may vary. For example, on the combined formwork of the stilling basin and the side wall of the spillway retaining wall, there are tie rod reserved holes 8 designed to fix the formwork on both sides of the wall. The spacing between the tie rod reserved holes 8 is 15cm×30cm.

[0022] Furthermore, the frame components are made of 10# channel steel 6, 10# angle steel or φ50 steel pipe 5; The channel steel 6 is spot-welded to the stiffening ribs on the back of the embedded panel, the steel pipe 5 is tied to the channel steel 6 with thick binding wire 7, and the angle steel is resistance-welded to the connecting rod of the irregular structure template. Specifically, channel steel 6 and steel pipe 5 are used as the skeleton of the combined template, while angle steel is used as a fixing and limiting plate for the irregular structure template; channel steel 6 is spot welded to the stiffening ribs on the back of the template, steel pipe 5 is tied to channel steel 6 with thick binding wire 7, and angle steel is firmly welded to the connecting rod of the irregular structure template by resistance welding.

[0023] Furthermore, the embedded panel is fixed to the frame assembly by spot welding or binding. The embedded panel is 2-3mm thick and made of Q235 steel plate.

[0024] Furthermore, the opening size of the U-shaped buckle 2 is adapted to the edge thickness of the loose template 1, and the two right-angled sides of the L-shaped buckle 4 are respectively provided with slots that match the edge of the basic combined template.

[0025] Furthermore, the high sidewall construction combination formwork also includes irregular structure formwork fixing components for connecting formwork at corners or narrow spaces. At least two fixing components are provided for each irregular part to achieve overall fixing of the corner formwork and the irregular sidewall. Furthermore, the fixing components of the irregular structure template adopt a double fixing arrangement at the top and bottom, with the spacing between the fixing components less than or equal to 30cm, to achieve overall stability of the corner template and the template in narrow space; Specifically, corner templates and narrow spaces are connected using irregularly shaped template fasteners. At least two fasteners are used at each irregularly shaped part, fixed at the top and bottom, and can be combined as needed to achieve the casting of irregularly shaped structures over a large area.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, in the irregular structure template fixing components, the horizontal support rods mainly refer to the various telescopic rods 12 that are spatially radially distributed around the central adjusting fixing screw and the template connecting plate with holes 16 connected to their ends; the vertical support rods or vertical support system mainly refer to the template connecting rods 15 connected to the template connecting plate with holes 16 and the loose templates 1 connected further away by L-shaped buckles 4.

[0027] The planar layout of the entire support system consists of a spatial grid formed by the telescopic rods 12. The formwork 1 itself is spliced ​​in a staggered manner, meaning that the vertical joint of one formwork does not fall directly above the vertical joint of another formwork of the same size, but is staggered by a certain distance to enhance the overall rigidity and deformation resistance of the formwork. The formwork connecting plate with holes 16 serves as an important formwork unit division and support node. The formwork connecting rods 15 connected to it, as well as the further-end formwork 1 units, naturally form staggered boundaries or unit divisions relative to this node around its perimeter. The precise arrangement of the telescopic rods 12 around each formwork connecting plate with holes 16 node as the main horizontal struts ensures reliable support for the formwork 1 and its connecting rod system below, which have staggered joint characteristics. The support point, i.e. the connection point between the telescopic rod 12 and the template connecting plate with the hole 16, usually avoids the geometric center or direct projection position of the vertical joint of the lower loose template 1. The arrangement of the support system ensures that the joints of the formwork 1 are located within the support area formed by two or more support points, or that the concentrated stress or deformation at the joints is borne by reinforcing the nodes, such as the formwork connecting plate with holes 16 itself. The perforated plate 16 of the template connection plate is an independent node component. Its planar profile defines the range of the template connection rod 15 and the loose template 1 unit it supports. This division itself utilizes or conforms to the staggered arrangement principle of the template.

[0028] In this support system, the adaptive adjustment head structure at the end of the strut mainly includes two key components, located at the lower end of the telescopic rod 12 and the upper end of the adjusting fixing screw 13. The adaptive adjustment head at the end of the telescopic rod 12, located at the lower end of each telescopic rod 12, is used to accurately transmit the force of the telescopic rod 12 to the perforated plate 16 or the telescopic rod fixing plate 18 below. The end of the telescopic rod 12 mainly includes the telescopic rod fixing plate 18, the telescopic fixing screw, and the telescopic fixing screw 17. Working principle and function: During installation, the telescopic rod 12 is first initially aligned with its preset position on the telescopic rod fixing plate 18 through preliminary fixing. The telescopic round fixing screw and the telescopic fixing screw 17 are two short screws with specific threads and structures. They work together to achieve precise adjustment. Construction personnel can adjust the relative position of these two screws or the depth of their insertion into the connection area between the telescopic rod 12 and the telescopic rod fixing plate 18 by screwing them, thereby making small displacement adjustments in three-dimensional space to the end of the telescopic rod 12, including height, pitch angle, and yaw angle. Once adjusted to the precise position and posture required by the design, the telescopic round fixing screw and the telescopic fixing screw 18 can be firmly tightened to form a rigid and precise connection between the telescopic rod 12 and the telescopic rod fixing plate 18, ensuring effective load transfer and structural stability.

[0029] The directional screw fixing plate 19 is connected to the lower end of the directional fixing screw 13, serving as the basic anchor of the directional fixing screw 13. The directional screw fixing plate 19 connects the telescopic rod 12, the template connecting rod 15, and the directional fixing screw 13 together. The directional fixing screw connector 20 connects the telescopic fixing screw 17 and the directional fixing screw 13. Working principle and function: The upper end of the directional fixing screw 13 passes through the corresponding hole on the template connecting plate with hole 16 and protrudes to a certain extent. A specially made adjusting nut 14 is tightly fitted on the exposed end of the screw. During construction, by manually rotating this adjusting nut 14, the screw 13 can be moved up and down precisely along the axis of the directional fixing screw 13. This movement is directly converted into a change in the extension length of the directional fixing screw 13 relative to the template connecting plate with hole 16. Through this continuously adjustable mechanism, construction personnel can fine-tune the precise elevation of the support apex during the installation or use stage to meet design requirements or compensate for construction errors.

[0030] Furthermore, the standardized units used for the construction of the stilling basin sidewall and spillway retaining wall are equipped with tie rod perforations. The diameter of the tie rod perforations is 25mm, and the spacing between rows is 15cm×30cm, which are used to insert tie rods to fix the formwork on both sides of the wall.

[0031] Furthermore, the adjustable strut includes a telescopic fixing screw 17 and an adjusting nut 14. One end of the telescopic fixing screw 17 is connected to the frame assembly, and the other end is provided with an adaptive adjusting head or support head 21 for contacting the construction base surface or other supporting structures. Specifically, the adjustable strut is a support component for irregularly shaped formwork. Its length is adjustable by 35cm and its angle by 90 degrees. The length and angle are adjusted by adjusting nut 14. There are no lifting rings on the formwork. During hoisting, it is moved by tying it to the combined formwork frame with a hoisting rope, or the basic combined formwork is installed manually. Hoisting equipment is not applicable. The diameter of the hole in the tie rod is 25mm. The tie rod is threaded and the length is adjusted by using double nuts.

[0032] Template unit assembly flowchart: Basic formwork positioning and preparation: Select standard-sized basic formwork according to construction requirements, such as... Figures 4 to 7As shown, 1015 steel formwork is 1500mm long and 100mm wide; 2015 steel formwork is 1500mm long and 200mm wide; 3015 steel formwork is 1500mm long and 300mm wide; and 6015 steel formwork is 1500mm long and 600mm wide. The interior is divided into regular small units by horizontal and vertical lines. For example, the 6015 formwork has 6 vertical lines horizontally and 3 horizontal lines vertically, dividing it into 18 small rectangular areas, facilitating subsequent splicing and positioning. For dimensional calibration, a 50mm margin is reserved at both ends of the horizontal axis of the formwork. The formwork serves as a space for splicing joints; it is cut longitudinally according to the design height to ensure that it is at the same height as the adjacent formwork; the connectors are pre-installed, and U-shaped buckles 2 are welded along the edge line on the horizontal or longitudinal edge of the splicing edge of the base formwork. The opening size of the U-shaped buckles 2 is adapted to the edge thickness of the loose formwork 1 for quick locking of adjacent formwork; at the same time, gaskets are welded at the contact points between the formwork and the supporting steel pipe. The gaskets serve as welding points for the external support rods to enhance the connection stability; at the four corners and the middle position of the formwork, the hoisting holes are fixed by spot welding. The hole diameter is 25mm for threading hoisting ropes or tie rods. Multiple basic templates are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, such as three 3m×1.5m templates being horizontally spliced ​​into a 3m×4.5m large unit. The U-shaped clips on the edges of adjacent templates are aligned with the slots, and Type I or L-shaped clips are inserted. The clips are locked by inserting reinforcing bars into the clip openings to ensure that there is no misalignment at the splicing joint. Type II clips are installed on the longitudinal edges of the spliced ​​templates to fix the internal stiffening ribs or auxiliary support steel pipes and enhance the overall rigidity. Preparation and acceptance for hoisting: Weld a hoisting ring at the horizontal center of the top of the template to ensure uniform force during hoisting; Check the dimensions of the large unit after splicing, confirm that the misalignment of the splicing seam is ≤2mm and the buckles are securely locked, and complete the assembly.

[0033] Staggered strut arrangement: Staggered struts are used to enhance the overall stability of the formwork unit, and their arrangement follows the principle of "staggered from the formwork joints and bidirectional coordinated support"; The type and parameters of the struts are as follows: the horizontal struts are made of 5 Φ50mm steel pipes with an adjustable length range of 35cm, and are arranged perpendicularly to the vertical struts; the vertical struts are made of 5 Φ50mm steel pipes, with the bottom abutting against the construction base surface through an adjustable head, and the top connected to the formwork frame. The staggered joint arrangement rule is as follows: horizontal struts are placed every 60cm along the transverse direction of the template, avoiding the center of the template splice. For example, if the splice is located 300mm from the transverse direction of the template, the horizontal struts are placed at 150mm or 450mm to ensure that the struts are supported on the stiffening ribs on both sides of the splice. Vertical struts are placed every 60cm along the longitudinal direction of the template, forming a "well" grid with the horizontal struts, and avoiding the template panel splices. For example, if the panel splice is located 400mm from the longitudinal direction, the vertical struts are placed at 200mm or 600mm to prevent the struts from failing due to local deformation of the panel. The struts are connected to the template. The steel pipe struts are fixed to the template by welding with shims. The shims are 50mm×50mm×8mm in size and are spot-welded to the template panel. The weld length is ≥20mm and also serves as the welding point for the external support rods. The top of the strut is equipped with an adaptive adjustment head, such as an L-shaped buckle 4 or a bolt adjustment device, which can adjust the angle between the strut and the template to ensure that the strut is perpendicular to the base surface or inclined surface, thereby enhancing the anti-overturning ability.

[0034] The snap-fit ​​structure has dual functions: U-shaped buckle 2 is connected to loose template 1. It is welded from Φ25mm thin steel pipe, with an opening width of 25mm to match the edge thickness of loose template 1. The length of the uprights on both sides is 50mm. The bottom is spot-welded to the back of the template. It has dual functions and is used to splice adjacent loose templates 1. The edges of the two templates are inserted into the U-shaped slots and locked by inserting the steel bars into the openings, replacing the traditional bolt connection and improving efficiency. The bottom of the U-shaped buckle 2 is spot-welded to the stiffening ribs on the back of the template to form the stress point during hoisting. The hoisting rope can be directly passed through the gap between the U-shaped buckle 2 and the upright or tied to the top of the upright, so as to realize the hoisting of large template units in one go. L-shaped buckle 4 is made of Φ25mm thin steel pipe bent into an L shape with a right angle side length of 50mm. One side of the upright is spot welded to the back of the template, and the other side of the horizontal bar is matched with the U-shaped buckle 4 groove of the adjacent template.

[0035] In large-area regular structures, the 3m×4.5m template is based on the basic combination template with a length of 3m and a height of 1.5m. Three basic combination templates are assembled to form a large combination template, which is then lifted into place by a crane in one go, improving the efficiency of template installation and concrete pouring. First, for the pre-assembly of the 3m×1.5m basic composite formwork, three pieces of 10# channel steel 6 with lengths of 3m, 1.5m, and 3m respectively are taken and spot-welded to form a 3m×1.5m basic frame with a grid spacing of 30cm, consisting of 3m length of the transverse channel steel 6 and 1.5m length of the longitudinal channel steel 6. On the inner side of the basic frame facing the concrete, a Φ50mm steel pipe 5 is installed vertically every 60cm and fixed to the channel steel 6 with L-shaped clips 4. Q235 steel plates with a thickness of 2-3mm are cut into 3m×1.5m sizes, and the back stiffening ribs are spot-welded to the channel steel 6. They are then temporarily fixed to the front of the frame with nails to prevent the panels from warping. Secondly, the large combined formwork is assembled by arranging three 3m×1.5m foundation combined formwork pieces side by side along the longitudinal direction to form a large formwork with a width of 3m and a height of 4.5m; 1.5 type clips and U-shaped clips 2 welded with Φ25mm thin steel pipes are installed at the splice joints, and adjacent foundation units are locked by inserting steel bars into the openings of the U-shaped clips 2. Then, the formwork is hoisted to the work surface. Hoisting rings are welded to the top of the main frame of the large formwork or snap fasteners are used to ensure that the force is evenly distributed during hoisting. A crane is used to vertically hoist the 3m×4.5m formwork to the concrete pouring position of the stilling basin side wall or spillway retaining wall. Finally, the template is fixed and reinforced. A 25mm diameter tie rod is inserted into the tie rod pre-drilled hole 8 on the front of the template, and a double nut is installed at each end. The nuts are tightened by rotating them to make the template on both sides fit against the concrete sidewall. On the outside of the template, an adjustable support rod is installed away from the concrete side. The horizontal and vertical support rods are staggered. The length and angle are adjusted by adjusting the nut 14 to abut against the construction base or temporary support structure to enhance the overall stability of the template.

[0036] Specifically, this utility model also provides a method for using a combined formwork for high sidewall construction: I. Construction Preparation: Material inventory and pretreatment: check the frame components 10# channel steel 6, 10# angle steel, φ50 steel pipe 5, embedded panel Q235 steel plate, thickness 2-3mm, pin-type connectors U-shaped buckle 2, L-shaped buckle 4, adjustable support rods including adjusting nuts 14, self-adjusting head, buckle assembly 25mm diameter thin steel pipe and tie rod matching 25mm diameter through hole integrity and specification matching; Clean the concrete residue from the surface of the formwork to ensure the panel is flat; check the wear of the pin-type connectors to ensure that the opening of the U-shaped buckle 2 matches the edge thickness of the formwork 1 and the slot of the L-shaped buckle 4 matches the edge of the foundation combined formwork. The construction site should be planned according to the construction environment, such as the stilling basin sidewall and the rear steps of the dam, to divide the formwork assembly area, hoisting passage and material storage area. In narrow spaces, an adjustable support rod operating distance of not less than 50cm should be reserved. The working surface of the high side wall is measured and laid out, and the template installation baseline and tie rod hole positions are marked. The spacing between rows is 15cm×30cm, which is suitable for stilling basins, spillway retaining walls and strut fixing points.

[0037] II. Basic modular template assembly: The loose formwork 1 is assembled into a basic unit. U-shaped clips 2 are used to splice the loose formwork 1 horizontally / vertically to form a basic combination formwork for a 3m×1.5m stilling basin and spillway, or a 0.9m×1.5m dam rear step. During splicing, ensure that the seams of the embedded panels are aligned and locked by the pins of the U-shaped buckle 2. Each loose template 1 has no less than 2 buckle connection points on its edge to ensure that the basic unit is flat as a whole. The basic unit is reinforced by fixing the frame components to the back of the embedded panel: the channel steel 6 is spot-welded to the panel stiffening ribs, the steel pipe 5 is tied to the channel steel 6 with thick binding wire 7, and the angle steel is resistance-welded to the connecting rod of the irregular part. This method is suitable for basic units with irregular structures.

[0038] III. Template Combinations and Installation in Different Scenarios: Stilling basin sidewalls and spillway retaining walls: Large modular formwork is assembled by using L-shaped clips to longitudinally splice 3m×1.5m basic modular formwork to form a large unit of 3m×4.5m. Each large unit consists of 3 basic units. The splicing joints are positioned with the aid of snap-fit ​​components. 25mm thin steel pipes with a spacing of 30cm are inserted with steel bars to achieve a preliminary overall connection. At the same time, the flatness of the template is checked and the error is controlled within ±3mm. For hoisting and positioning, the clamping components are used as the hoisting rope threading points. The 3m×4.5m large unit is hoisted to the working surface by a crane. During hoisting, the template is kept vertical to avoid collision with the installed steel bars or walls. The template position is finely adjusted manually to align the template edge with the baseline. The bottom is temporarily fixed with wooden wedges. For fixing and support, threaded tie rods are installed between the templates on both sides of the wall through the 25mm diameter tie rod pre-drilled holes 8 on the template, and fixed with double nuts to ensure uniform tension of the tie rods; Install adjustable struts, with horizontal and vertical struts staggered. One end is connected to the formwork frame, and the other end is connected to the construction base or scaffolding via an adaptive adjustment head. Adjust the length and angle of the struts to ensure that the verticality deviation of the formwork is ≤1%. Layered construction and continuous operation: prepare template quantity according to 3 compartment numbers; after the first layer is poured, remove the bottom wooden wedges; splice the upper 3m×1.5m foundation unit with L-shaped clips; repeat the hoisting and fixing steps to achieve layered continuous construction.

[0039] The steps behind the dam: Using 0.9m×3.0m as the main unit, the 0.9m×1.5m basic units are horizontally spliced ​​together by L-shaped buckles 4 to form a template structure that adapts to the length of the steps. For example, a 60m long step can be composed of 20 0.9m×3.0m units. After splicing, short steel bars are inserted through the buckle assembly for temporary fixation to prevent them from scattering during transportation. Manual handling and placement: Due to the narrow working surface of the steps, the 0.9m×1.5m small unit can be manually carried to the installation position by 2-3 people, and the 0.9m×3.0m unit can be moved with the help of a simple pry bar. After being placed, it is aligned with the base of the steps. Adjustable struts are used for diagonal support. One end of the strut is connected to the formwork frame, and the other end is fixed to the concrete embedded part at the bottom of the step. The support angle is controlled by adjusting nut 14. Each formwork is equipped with at least 2 symmetrical struts. Adjacent formwork is locked twice by U-shaped buckle 2 to ensure tight splicing and avoid grout leakage during pouring. The assembly line operation is arranged so that the template quantity is prepared according to two compartment numbers. After the pouring of one step unit is completed, it is quickly dismantled and transferred to the next section, taking advantage of the lightweight template to shorten the turnaround time.

[0040] Irregularly shaped side walls and narrow spaces: The foundation combined template is connected by irregularly shaped template fasteners. At least two fasteners are installed on each side of the template edge at the corner, distributed vertically with a spacing of ≤30cm. They are spliced ​​with the foundation unit by L-shaped buckles to form a corner arc or zigzag structure. For narrow spaces such as areas with walls less than 1m thick, select small units of 0.9m × 1.5m and splice them together with U-shaped clips in a staggered manner to reduce the space occupied by the template; The adjustable struts are tilted and can be adjusted from 0 to 90 degrees to meet the support needs of narrow spaces. Anti-slip pads are installed at the ends of the struts to prevent slippage on the construction surface. For curved side walls, increase the number of horizontally adjustable struts, setting one every 1.5m. The curvature of the template is controlled by fine-tuning the length of each strut to ensure consistency with the design curve. The snap-fit ​​components for irregularly shaped parts use double steel bars with a diameter of 20mm to enhance the anti-lateral displacement ability between templates. At the same time, temporary angle steel diagonal bracing is added to the back of the template, and deformation is monitored in real time during the pouring process.

[0041] IV. Formwork Removal and Maintenance Steps: The formwork can only be removed when the concrete strength reaches more than 75% of the design value. First, remove the tie rods and adjustable struts, then remove the pin-type connectors. First, remove L-shaped clip 4, then remove U-shaped clip 2. Following the principle of "rear-installed, first-removed", the irregularly shaped fasteners and temporary supports are removed first, then the large modular units are removed, and finally the basic modular templates and loose templates are disassembled to prevent the whole structure from falling. Remove any concrete residue from the template surface, check for panel deformation, and level any panels with a flatness error greater than 5mm. Replace or weld any worn clip components, apply release agent, and then sort and stack them for future use.

[0042] V. Key Precautions When using a crane for hoisting, a designated person must be in charge of directing the operation, and no one is allowed to stand within the hoisting radius. When working at heights, construction workers must wear safety belts, and the hoisting ropes must not be loosened before the formwork is temporarily fixed. The verticality and flatness of the formwork installation must be checked every 2 meters, and the tightening force of the tie rods and struts must be uniform to avoid overtightening and deformation of the formwork. During the rainy season, the back of the formwork must be coated with anti-rust paint. In low-temperature environments, the adjusting nuts of the adjustable struts must be coated with antifreeze grease to ensure flexible adjustment.

[0043] The preferred embodiments of this utility model are not intended to limit the utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the concept and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A composite formwork for high sidewall construction, characterized in that, include: The frame components are formed by splicing together channel steel, angle steel and steel pipes. The channel steel serves as the main skeleton, the angle steel is used for fixing and limiting the irregular structure template, and the steel pipes are used for auxiliary support. An embedded panel, fixed to the front of the frame assembly, is used to form a concrete pouring surface; The pin-type connectors include U-shaped clips and L-shaped clips. The U-shaped clips are used to assemble loose templates into basic combined templates, and the L-shaped clips are used to assemble basic combined templates into standardized units of different sizes. Adjustable struts, including horizontal struts and vertical struts, are staggered with each other. The length of the adjustable struts can be adjusted within a range of 35cm, and the angle can be adjusted within a range of 90 degrees. The length and angle can be adjusted by adjusting the nuts. The snap-fit ​​assembly consists of a 25mm diameter thin steel pipe welded to the back of the frame assembly, with a spacing of 30cm per unit. It is used for the initial connection between the combined templates and for threading ropes during hoisting. The frame components, embedded panels, and snap-fit ​​components are combined using pin-type connectors to form standardized units of 3m×1.5m, 3m×4.5m, 0.9m×1.5m, or 0.9m×3.0m, which are suitable for the concrete construction of high sidewalls of stilling basins, spillway retaining walls, and dam back steps in hydropower stations.

2. The combined formwork for high sidewall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame components are made of 10# channel steel, 10# angle steel or φ50 steel pipe; The channel steel is spot-welded to the stiffening ribs on the back of the embedded panel, the steel pipe is tied to the channel steel with thick binding wire, and the angle steel is resistance-welded to the connecting rod of the irregular structure template.

3. The combined formwork for high sidewall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The embedded panel is fixed to the frame assembly by spot welding or binding. The embedded panel is 2-3 mm thick and made of Q235 steel plate.

4. The combined formwork for high sidewall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening size of the U-shaped buckle is adapted to the edge thickness of the loose template, and the two right-angled sides of the L-shaped buckle are respectively provided with slots that match the edge of the basic combined template.

5. The combined formwork for high sidewall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes irregular structure template fixing parts, which are used for template connection at corners or narrow spaces. At least two fixing parts are set for each irregular part to achieve overall fixing of corner templates and irregular side walls.

6. The combined formwork for high sidewall construction according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fixing components for irregularly shaped formwork adopt a double fixing arrangement at the top and bottom, with a spacing of less than or equal to 30 cm, to achieve overall stability of corner formwork and formwork in narrow spaces.

7. The combined formwork for high sidewall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standardized units used for the construction of stilling basin side walls and spillway retaining walls are equipped with tie rod holes. The diameter of the tie rod holes is 25mm, and the spacing between rows is 15cm×30cm, which are used to insert tie rods to fix the formwork on both sides of the wall.

8. The combined formwork for high sidewall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable strut includes a telescopic screw and an adjusting nut. One end of the telescopic screw is connected to the frame assembly, and the other end is equipped with an adaptive adjusting head for contact with the construction base or supporting structure.

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