A load-bearing hinge leaf with sliding drag-reducing type for door leaf of civil air defense door

Abstract

The utility model relates to a load-bearing hinge technical field discloses a people's air defense door door leaf sliding drag reduction type load-bearing hinge, and the utility model solves the problem that the existing hinge stress concentration makes upper shaft easy to deform when using, and the lower shaft wears faster. A people's air defense door door leaf sliding drag reduction type load-bearing hinge, including adjusting gasket, the front side of adjusting gasket is connected with upper hinge seat, the periphery of upper hinge seat is connected with first bolt, the center of upper hinge seat is connected with upper shaft, the lower side of upper shaft is connected with split pin, the center of upper shaft is also connected with hinge lug, the lower side of upper hinge seat is provided with lower hinge seat, the center of lower hinge seat is connected with lower shaft, the lower side of lower shaft is connected with nut, the center of lower shaft is provided with ball bearing mechanism, the upper side of ball bearing mechanism is provided with retainer, cooperate through being provided with upper hinge seat and lower hinge seat, avoid stress concentration, cooperate through being provided with ball bearing mechanism and retainer, slow down to share gravity, improve the service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of load-bearing hinge technology, specifically a load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing resistance of a civil defense door leaf. Background Technology

[0002] Civil defense doors are the core barrier of underground protection projects, shouldering the mission of resisting shock waves, isolating toxic agents, and preventing floods and water. They are widely used in projects such as subways, underground garages, and nuclear bunkers. These doors are often huge (a single door can weigh several tons) and open and close frequently, which puts extreme requirements on the load-bearing capacity, smooth movement, and durability of the connecting structure.

[0003] Currently, the door leaf and frame of air-raid shelter doors are connected by hinge assemblies, which function like "joints." They must bear the weight of the door leaf and impact loads, guide the door to open and close smoothly along the axial direction, and reduce frictional resistance when locked. In traditional designs, hinges are mostly integrated structures, with a single component bearing the load from both the top and bottom. However, existing hinges still have the following problems in use: the upper part of the existing hinge needs to bear the tension of the door leaf, and the lower part needs to bear the weight. The integrated structure makes it difficult to accurately distribute the load, resulting in local stress concentration. This leads to deformation of the upper axis and wear of the lower axis. Long-term uneven stress and frictional wear cause the hinge components to fail prematurely. Repair requires complete disassembly, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and may even affect the emergency response speed of the air-raid shelter door. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a sliding drag-reducing load-bearing hinge for air defense doors. By using this device, the problem of stress concentration in existing hinges causing easy deformation of the upper shaft and rapid wear of the lower shaft is solved.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a sliding drag-reducing load-bearing hinge for a civil defense door leaf, comprising an adjusting shim, an upper hinge seat connected to the front side of the adjusting shim, first bolts connected around the perimeter of the upper hinge seat, an upper shaft connected to the center of the upper hinge seat, a cotter pin connected below the upper shaft, a hinge lug connected to the center of the upper shaft, a lower hinge seat provided below the upper hinge seat, a lower shaft connected to the center of the lower hinge seat, a nut connected below the lower shaft, a ball bearing mechanism provided at the center of the lower shaft, and a retainer provided above the ball bearing mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, four first bolts are evenly and equidistantly distributed around the upper hinge seat, and a first washer is connected to the outside of the first bolts. An adjusting shim is tightly fitted to the back of the upper hinge seat. The adjusting shim fills the gap between the upper hinge seat and the wall to compensate for processing errors.

[0007] Preferably, the upper hinge seat is rotatably connected to the upper shaft, the upper shaft is fixedly connected to the hinge lug, and the hinge lug is fixedly connected to the cotter pin. The upper shaft is connected to the hinge lug so that the hinge lug can rotate, thereby driving the door leaf of the air-raid shelter to rotate.

[0008] Preferably, the size of the lower hinge seat is the same as that of the upper hinge seat. The lower hinge seat is also connected to the first bolt and the adjusting shim around its perimeter and back. The center of the lower hinge seat coincides with the vertical center line of the upper hinge seat. By setting the upper hinge seat and the lower hinge seat to cooperate, the stress is distributed, and the lower hinge seat can be disassembled and replaced separately when wear occurs.

[0009] Preferably, a mounting plate is provided on the other side of the hinge, and second bolts are evenly distributed around the perimeter of the mounting plate. The second bolts are connected to the door leaf by a threaded connection, and a second washer is connected to the outside of the second bolt. The hinge and the door leaf are fixed by the cooperation of the mounting plate and the second bolt, and the second washer prevents the second bolt from falling off during use.

[0010] Preferably, the lower shaft is fixedly connected to the hinge at its center, and the lower shaft is threadedly connected to the nut. A mounting plate and a second bolt are also provided on the other side of the lower hinge. The lower shaft and the lower hinge cooperate to fix the lower part of the door leaf, which facilitates the distribution of stress on the door leaf.

[0011] Preferably, the ball bearing mechanism includes lugs located on both sides of the center of the lower hinge seat. A cross-shaped groove is provided above the lugs, and a first steel ball is correspondingly placed inside each groove. The lugs are fixedly connected to the cage. The stress of the lower hinge lug is distributed through the first steel ball, thereby reducing the wear rate of the hinge lug.

[0012] Preferably, the retainer has an oil filling port on the side away from the door leaf. The internal oil passage of the oil filling port has a circular structure, and the inside of the oil passage is filled with an annular oil suction sleeve. The edge of the oil suction sleeve is attached to the edge of the groove. The oil suction sleeve temporarily stores the lubricating oil and discharges the lubricating oil when the first steel ball moves and is squeezed, thus preventing the first steel ball from being damaged by long-term use.

[0013] Preferably, the cage is provided with vertical grooves on both sides, and the interior of the vertical grooves is provided with eight second steel balls evenly and equidistantly distributed. The multiple second steel balls form a multi-contact rolling friction, which increases the service life of the hinge.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: By using upper and lower hinge seats to cooperate, stress concentration is avoided: the upper hinge seat and the upper part of the hinge leaf bear the door leaf tension and keep the door leaf moving axially, while the lower hinge seat and the lower part of the hinge leaf bear the gravity and keep the door leaf moving axially. This reduces the pressure distribution, decreases the wear rate, and allows for individual disassembly and replacement in case of problems, without the need for overall disassembly.

[0015] By incorporating a ball bearing mechanism in conjunction with a retainer, the weight is reduced and distributed, thus extending the service life. A star-shaped groove is provided below the lower part of the hinge, with each groove containing a single first steel ball. This distributes the radial and lateral movement pressure of the hinge, extending its lifespan. Furthermore, an oil filler is located on the side furthest from the door leaf. The oil channels inside the filler are arranged in a ring, connecting all the first steel balls. An oil suction sleeve absorbs and preserves the lubricating oil, automatically lubricating the first steel balls and extending their service life. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper hinge seat of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower hinge seat of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the ball bearing mechanism of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second ball bearing of this utility model.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Adjusting shim; 2. First bolt; 3. First washer; 401. Upper hinge seat; 402. Lower hinge seat; 5. Upper shaft; 6. Hinge lug; 7. Cotter pin; 8. Lower shaft; 9. Ball bearing mechanism; 901. Support lug; 902. First steel ball; 903. Oil filler port; 904. Oil suction sleeve; 10. Cage; 11. Nut; 12. Second bolt; 13. Second washer; 14. Second steel ball; 15. Vertical groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] To further understand the content of this utility model, a detailed description of this utility model will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 A sliding drag-reducing load-bearing hinge for a civil defense door includes an adjusting shim 1, which fills gaps and compensates for processing errors. An upper hinge seat 401 is connected to the front of the adjusting shim 1, fixing the upper part of the door leaf and bearing tensile force. First bolts 2 are connected around the upper hinge seat 401 to secure it. An upper shaft 5 is connected to the center of the upper hinge seat 401, fixing a hinge lug 6 for stable movement. A cotter pin 7 is connected below the upper shaft 5, providing double fixation to the lower part of the hinge lug 6. The center of the upper shaft 5 is also connected to the hinge lug 6. To facilitate the opening and closing of the door leaf, a lower hinge seat 402 is provided below the upper hinge seat 401. The lower hinge seat 402 distributes the weight of the door leaf during opening and closing and cooperates with the upper hinge seat 401 to fix the door leaf. A lower shaft 8 is connected to the center of the lower hinge seat 402. The lower shaft 8 is used to connect the lower hinge lug 6 to facilitate its rotation. A nut 11 is connected below the lower shaft 8. The nut 11 strengthens the lower shaft 8 and prevents breakage. A ball bearing mechanism 9 is provided at the center of the lower shaft 8. The ball bearing mechanism 9 provides auxiliary support to ensure the long-term use of the lower hinge lug 6. A retainer 10 is provided above the ball bearing mechanism 9 to limit its movement and ensure the operation of the ball bearing mechanism 9.

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. Example 1

[0022] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 Four first bolts 2 are evenly distributed around the upper hinge seat 401. A first washer 3 is connected to the outside of the first bolt 2. An adjusting shim 1 is tightly attached to the back of the upper hinge seat 401. The adjusting shim 1 fills the gap between the upper hinge seat 401 and the wall to compensate for processing errors. The upper hinge seat 401 is connected to the upper shaft 5 by rotation. The upper shaft 5 is connected to the hinge lug 6 by fixation. The hinge lug 6 is connected to the cotter pin 7 by fixation. The upper shaft 5 is connected to the hinge lug 6 so that the hinge lug 6 can rotate, thereby driving the door leaf of the air-raid shelter to rotate. A mounting plate is provided on the other side of the hinge lug 6. Second bolts 12 are evenly distributed around the mounting plate. The second bolts 12 are connected to the door leaf by thread. A second washer 13 is connected to the outside of the second bolt 12. The mounting plate and the second bolt 12 cooperate to fix the hinge lug 6 and the door leaf, and the second washer 13 prevents the second bolt 12 from falling off during use.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3The size of the lower hinge seat 402 is the same as that of the upper hinge seat 401. The lower hinge seat 402 is also connected to the first bolt 2 and the adjusting shim 1 around its perimeter and back. The center of the lower hinge seat 402 coincides with the vertical center line of the upper hinge seat 401. By setting the upper hinge seat 401 and the lower hinge seat 402 to cooperate, the stress is distributed. When wear occurs, they can be disassembled and replaced separately. The lower shaft 8 is fixedly connected to the hinge lug 6 at its center. The lower shaft 8 is threadedly connected to the nut 11. The other side of the lower hinge lug 6 is also provided with a mounting plate and a second bolt 12. By cooperating with the lower shaft 8 and the lower hinge lug 6, the lower part of the door leaf is fixed, which facilitates the distribution of stress on the door leaf.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The ball bearing mechanism 9 includes lugs 901 located on both sides of the center of the lower hinge seat 402. A star-shaped groove is provided above the lugs 901, and a first steel ball 902 is provided inside each groove. The lugs 901 are fixedly connected to the retainer 10. The stress of the lower hinge lug 6 is distributed by the first steel ball 902, reducing the wear rate of the hinge lug 6. The retainer 10 has an oil filling port 903 on the side away from the door leaf. The oil passage inside the oil filling port 903 is a circular structure, and the inside of the oil passage is filled with an annular oil suction sleeve 904. The edge of the oil suction sleeve 904 fits against the edge of the groove. The oil suction sleeve 904 temporarily stores the lubricating oil and discharges the lubricating oil when the first steel ball 902 moves and squeezes, preventing the first steel ball 902 from being damaged by long-term use.

[0025] Working principle: First, place the adjusting shim 1 on the wall, then place the upper hinge seat 401 on the surface of the adjusting shim 1, and then fix the first washer 3 and the first bolt 2 in sequence to complete the fixing of the upper hinge seat 401. Then, place the adjusting shim 1 on the door leaf, and then fix the hinge lug 6 with the second washer 13 and the second bolt 12. Then fix the lower hinge seat 402 and the lower hinge lug 6 in the same way to complete the fixing. As described above, after the fixing work is completed, when the door opens and closes, the upper hinge 6 rotates through the upper shaft 5 and the cotter pin 7, so that the pulling force is distributed to the upper hinge seat 401, while the lower hinge 6 rotates through the lower shaft 8 and the support ear 901, so that the weight of the door is distributed to the support ear 901. At this time, the first steel ball 902 is located below the hinge 6, providing auxiliary support for the hinge 6. The retainer 10 limits the first steel ball 902 to prevent it from popping out. When the lubricating oil is gradually used up, the first steel ball 902 will move and squeeze the oil suction sleeve 904, thereby squeezing out the lubricating oil inside for automatic lubrication. The oil filling port 903 is located on the side away from the door, making oil filling convenient.

[0026] It should be noted that the first washer 3 and the second washer 13 are of model GB / T93-1987, the first bolt 2 and the second bolt 12 are of model GB / T5781-2000, the cotter pin 7 is of model GB / T91-2000, and the oil suction sleeve 904 is made of wool felt and is embedded in the oil passage through an interference fit. Example 2

[0027] Please see Figure 5 The cage 10 also has vertical grooves 15 on both sides, and the interior of the vertical grooves 15 has eight second steel balls 14 evenly and equidistantly distributed.

[0028] Working principle: When the door opens and closes, the lower hinge 6 rotates with the lower shaft 8, and its two sides make rolling contact with the second steel ball 14 in the vertical groove 15 of the retainer 10. Since the second steel ball 14 is vertically arranged along the vertical groove 15, it can specifically bear the lateral shear force and vertical component force generated by the hinge 6 during rotation. When the door sinks slightly due to its own weight or impact, the second steel ball 14 distributes the vertical load to the entire retainer 10 by rolling, avoiding load concentration. When the door swings laterally when it opens and closes, the second steel ball 14 rolls synchronously in the vertical groove 15, reducing the lateral friction coefficient between the hinge 6 and the retainer 10 and reducing edge wear.

[0029] Meanwhile, the vertical groove 15 and the annular oil passage are filled with oil through the oil filling port 903 (not shown in the attached figure but drawn). The lubricating oil released by the oil suction sleeve 904 can penetrate to the surface of the second steel ball 14 through the through hole to form a continuous oil film. When the door opens and closes, the rolling and squeezing of the second steel ball 14 will further spread the lubricating oil evenly on the inner wall of the vertical groove 15, which not only ensures its own lubrication, but also helps to reduce the contact resistance between the hinge lug 6 and the cage 10.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0031] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing drag on a civil defense door leaf, comprising an adjusting shim, characterized in that: The front side of the adjusting shim is connected to an upper hinge seat, the upper hinge seat is connected to the periphery of the upper hinge seat with first bolts, the center of the upper hinge seat is connected to an upper shaft, the lower part of the upper shaft is connected to a cotter pin, the center of the upper shaft is also connected to a hinge lug, a lower hinge seat is provided below the upper hinge seat, the center of the lower hinge seat is connected to a lower shaft, the lower part of the lower shaft is connected to a nut, the center of the lower shaft is provided with a ball bearing mechanism, and a retainer is provided above the ball bearing mechanism.

2. The sliding drag-reducing load-bearing hinge for a civil defense door leaf according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four first bolts are evenly and equidistantly distributed around the upper hinge seat. A first washer is also connected to the outside of the first bolts. An adjusting shim is tightly fitted to the back of the upper hinge seat.

3. The sliding drag-reducing load-bearing hinge for a civil defense door leaf according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper hinge seat is rotatably connected to the upper shaft, the upper shaft is fixedly connected to the hinge lug, and the hinge lug is fixedly connected to the cotter pin.

4. The load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing drag of a civil defense door leaf according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the lower hinge seat is the same as that of the upper hinge seat. The lower hinge seat is also connected to the first bolt and adjusting shim around its perimeter and back. The center of the lower hinge seat coincides with the vertical center line of the upper hinge seat.

5. A load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing drag on a civil defense door leaf according to claim 3, characterized in that: A mounting plate is provided on the other side of the hinge, and second bolts are evenly distributed around the perimeter of the mounting plate. The second bolts are connected to the door leaf by a threaded connection, and a second washer is connected to the outside of the second bolts.

6. A load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing drag on a civil defense door leaf according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower shaft is fixedly connected to the hinge at its center, and the lower shaft is threadedly connected to the nut. A mounting plate and a second bolt are also provided on the other side of the lower hinge.

7. The load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing drag of a civil defense door leaf according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ball bearing mechanism includes lugs located on both sides of the center of the lower hinge seat. A cross-shaped groove is provided above the lugs, and each groove contains a first steel ball. The lugs are fixedly connected to the cage.

8. A load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing drag on a civil defense door leaf according to claim 7, characterized in that: The retainer has an oil filling port on the side away from the door leaf. The oil filling port has an internal oil passage with a circular structure and is filled with an annular oil suction sleeve. The edge of the oil suction sleeve fits against the edge of the groove.

9. A load-bearing hinge for sliding and reducing drag on a civil defense door leaf according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cage is also provided with vertical slots on both sides, and eight second steel balls are evenly distributed inside the vertical slots.

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