Normal pressure tool changer system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a normal pressure tool changing system, solved the problem of low efficiency of shield normal pressure tool changing, big tool distance in prior art. The utility model discloses a sleeve, rotationally arranged with the sleeve inside the sleeve is provided with the sleeve, and the front and rear ends of sleeve are equipped with the cutter head panel and end cover respectively for the front and rear limiting of sleeve, and the sleeve is equipped with the tool holder, and the tool holder is equipped with N hob, N is equal to or greater than 2, and when working, the end cover is equipped with the support seat connected with the tool holder, and when tool changing, the end cover is equipped with the sealing plate. The utility model discloses tool holder integrated multiple hobs, fully utilizes the cutter head space, can greatly reduce the tool distance arrangement of tool to meet the rapid tunneling demand of shield. The tool holder is driven by the sleeve, and the hob is changed from the working surface to the non-working surface, which can reduce the tool changing space of traditional normal pressure tool changing device along the tunnel axis direction, and save the manufacturing cost of gate, oil cylinder and the like, and only rotation can realize normal pressure, which effectively reduces the time of manufacturing normal pressure environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel excavation technology, and in particular to a shield tunneling machine with atmospheric pressure cutterhead replacement system. Background Technology

[0002] In river-crossing tunnels, due to the great depth of the tunnel, the high permeability of the strata, and the high water and soil pressure, slurry shield tunneling machines are usually used for tunneling operations. This is because slurry shield tunneling machines generally use a normal pressure cutterhead with a normal pressure cutter replacement device. Operators can replace damaged cutters in a normal pressure environment inside the cutterhead, which can greatly improve the efficiency of cutter replacement operations and personnel safety.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese Patent CN105736005B discloses an atmospheric pressure cutterhead changing device that uses a gate to seal the front and rear of the cutterhead, thus completing the atmospheric pressure cutterhead changing operation. However, this device requires the entire cutterhead cylinder to be pulled out during cutterhead changing, necessitating a large working space. This results in the atmospheric pressure cutterhead being more than twice as thick as a conventional cutterhead. Furthermore, the disassembly process is physically demanding and poses high safety risks to workers. Additionally, the gate seal is susceptible to mud erosion and is difficult to repair or replace. Chinese Patent CN110410087A discloses a rotary cutterhead type atmospheric pressure cutterhead changing system that achieves atmospheric pressure cutterhead changing through the rotation of the cutterhead. However, this system requires the cutterhead to move in the opposite direction of tunneling to create rotation space before the change can be performed, necessitating a telescopic cutterhead design. The cutting tool device, tunneling machinery and cutting tool changing method disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN114294005B also use the rotation of the cutting tool holder to realize the atmospheric pressure cutting tool changing operation, and there is no need for the cutting head to retract to make room for operation. However, due to its own structure, the cutting tool changing device is difficult to arrange with a small overall cutting tool spacing of the cutting head, and it cannot improve the tunneling efficiency of the shield by changing multiple cutting tools at the same time.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a new type of cutter changing system to improve the efficiency and safety of cutter changing operations and reduce the cutter spacing to meet the tunneling requirements of tunnel boring machines. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this utility model proposes an atmospheric pressure tool changing system, which solves the problems of low tool changing efficiency and large tool spacing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is achieved as follows: an atmospheric pressure tool changing system includes an outer sleeve, a rotating sleeve inside the outer sleeve, a tool disc panel and an end cover at the front and rear ends of the outer sleeve, and a tool holder adapted to the tool disc panel inside the rotating sleeve. The tool holder has N roller cutters, N≥2. In the working state, a support seat connected to the tool holder is provided on the end cover; in the tool changing state, a sealing plate is provided on the end cover. This utility model has multiple roller cutters on the tool holder, allowing for the inspection and replacement of multiple tools at once, significantly improving tool changing efficiency. It fully utilizes the tool disc space, eliminating the need for a separate atmospheric pressure tool changing device for each tool, and greatly reducing the tool spacing to meet the rapid tunneling requirements of the tunnel boring machine. The rotating tool holder reduces the tool changing space along the tunnel axis of traditional atmospheric pressure tool changing devices and saves manufacturing costs for gates, cylinders, etc.; atmospheric pressure is achieved simply by rotation, effectively reducing the time required to create an atmospheric pressure environment.

[0007] Further optimization involves a rear sealing ring between the end cap and the rotating sleeve, a front sealing ring between the outer sleeve and the rotating sleeve, and a sliding groove inside the rotating sleeve. The cutter holder is positioned within the sliding groove and can slide relative to it. These two sealing rings serve to clean foreign objects from the outer wall during the rotation of the rotating sleeve and form a "double-ring, front-and-rear clamping" sealing pattern, improving sealing performance.

[0008] Further optimized, the rotating sleeve has an elliptical cross-section, with shaft holes at both ends of its major axis. The outer sleeve has an inner cavity that matches the rotating sleeve, with shafts on both sides of the inner cavity. The shafts engage with the shaft holes, enabling the rotating sleeve to rotate. The rotating sleeve has an ellipsoidal or near-ellipsoidal structure to accommodate multi-hob design and facilitates rotation.

[0009] Further optimization involves providing oil injection holes circumferentially on the outer sleeve, connecting the cutter head panel to the front end face of the outer sleeve via bolts, and connecting the end cap to the rear end face of the outer sleeve via bolts. In operation, the front end face of the tool holder is flush with the front end face of the cutter head panel, ensuring consistent tool extension distance across different tool systems and preventing abnormal tool wear and uneven force distribution on the cutter head.

[0010] Further preferably, the front end of the support base is connected to the tool holder, and the rear end of the support base is connected to the end cover; this secures and limits the tool holder, and allows the tool holder and hob to be pulled back into the inner cavity of the rotating sleeve during tool changing. Preferably, the end cover has an air inlet and an oil drain hole at the bottom. In actual use, high-pressure gas is injected into the tool holder through the air inlet using an air pump, causing the grease inside the tool holder to be discharged through the oil drain hole, ensuring the cleanliness of the tool holder.

[0011] Further optimization involves retracting the tool holder and hob into the rotating sleeve during tool changing. The rotating sleeve connects to the tool holder, ensuring their stability. A sealing plate replaces the support base and connects to the end cover. The sealing plate has several water injection and rinsing holes. This sealing plate design ensures tool changing safety, while high-pressure water can enter through the water injection holes for rinsing the hob, facilitating tool changing.

[0012] Further optimization involves a tool holder with a tool groove inside, where the hob is positioned. The rear end face of the tool holder is planar, and multiple sealing grooves are provided on the outer wall of the tool holder, each containing a sealing element; this ensures a tight seal between the tool holder and the rotating sleeve. Furthermore, pressure isolation is achieved through the coordinated action of the front and rear sealing rings and the multiple seals on the outer side of the tool holder, facilitating tool replacement under normal pressure.

[0013] Further optimization involves providing cutter shaft positioning grooves at both ends of the cutter holder, with the cutter shaft of the roller cutter located within the cutter shaft positioning grooves, and N roller cutters arranged in a row within the cutter grooves; this fully utilizes space and reduces the distance between cutters to meet the rapid tunneling requirements of the shield tunnel.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The tool holder integrates multiple roller cutters, making full use of the cutterhead space. It eliminates the need for a separate atmospheric pressure tool changer for each cutter, significantly reducing the spacing between cutters to meet the rapid tunneling requirements of the tunnel boring machine. Under the action of the rotating sleeve, the tool holder drives the roller cutters from the working face to the non-working face; it reduces the tool changer space along the tunnel axis of traditional atmospheric pressure tool changers and saves on the manufacturing costs of gates, cylinders, etc.; atmospheric pressure can be achieved simply by rotation, effectively reducing the time required to create an atmospheric pressure environment.

[0015] This utility model's rotating sleeve adopts an ellipsoidal structure, which not only meets the rotation requirements but also adapts to a multi-roller cutter design, allowing for the inspection and replacement of multiple cutters at once, significantly improving cutter replacement efficiency. The two sealing rings formed between the rotating sleeve, the end cap, and the outer sleeve can be used to clean foreign objects from the outer wall of the rotating sleeve during rotation; they also form a double-ring, front-and-rear clamping sealing pattern, improving sealing performance and excavation capabilities to meet tunneling requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tool holder structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the outer sleeve structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the end cap structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support base of this utility model in its retracted state; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the tool holder and hob in a non-rotating state during the tool change process. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the tool holder and hob rotating to a non-working surface during the tool changing process. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, an atmospheric pressure tool changing system is used for atmospheric pressure tool changing. Specifically, the atmospheric pressure tool changing system includes an outer sleeve 3, within which a rotating sleeve 6 is rotatably mounted. The outer sleeve provides fixed support, and the rotating sleeve enables rotation; that is, the rotating sleeve can rotate at least 180° relative to the outer sleeve. A tool disc panel 1 and an end cap 5 are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the outer sleeve 3. The tool disc panel 1 and the end cap 5 cooperate to ensure that the rotating sleeve does not experience axial movement during high-speed rotation. This design avoids tool misalignment or damage caused by axial displacement. In this embodiment, a tool holder 2 is provided inside the rotating sleeve 6. The tool holder can move within the rotating sleeve for easy tool changing. The tool holder 2 is provided with N hobs 8, where N≥2. In this embodiment, N=5 is used as an example to achieve the spacing arrangement of the small tools on the atmospheric pressure tool disc. In operation, the end cover 5 is equipped with a support seat 4 connected to the cutter holder 2. The support seat is used to axially secure the cutter holder and, during cutter replacement, to pull the cutter holder 2 along with the cutter rollers back into the rotating sleeve. During cutter replacement, the cutter holder 2 can be rotated from the tunneling direction to the non-tunneling direction by rotating the rotating sleeve 6 to perform cutter roller replacement. The end cover 5 is equipped with a sealing plate 7. During the rotation of the cutter holder, there is a problem of the cutter device penetrating. If the sealing plate is not used, mud and grease will flow into the cutter head behind the cutter holder. Therefore, before controlling the rotation of the rotating sleeve, a sealing plate is installed at the rear end of the end cover to prevent grease and mud from flowing into the cutter head and causing harm to the workers. After the cutter holder has rotated to its position under the drive of the rotating sleeve, the sealing plate needs to be removed before the cutter can be replaced.

[0020] This utility model has multiple roller cutters on the cutter holder, which can inspect and replace multiple cutters at one time, greatly improving the cutter replacement efficiency; moreover, it makes full use of the cutter head space, eliminating the need for a separate atmospheric pressure cutter replacement device for each cutter, and can greatly reduce the cutter spacing to meet the rapid tunneling requirements of the tunnel boring machine.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown in the preferred embodiment, a rear sealing ring 53 is provided between the end cap 5 and the rotating sleeve 6, and a front sealing ring 33 is provided between the outer sleeve 3 and the rotating sleeve 6. These two sealing rings can be used to clean foreign objects from the outer wall of the rotating sleeve during rotation, and also form a "double-ring, front-and-rear clamping" sealing pattern to improve sealing performance. In this embodiment, the rotating sleeve 6 also has a sliding groove 62, and the tool holder 2 is disposed within the sliding groove 62 and can slide relative to it. Specifically, during tool changing, the support base 4 retracts, causing the tool holder to move backward within the sliding groove, retracting the tool holder into the rotating sleeve, thus avoiding interference during rotation and achieving safe and efficient tool changing.

[0022] Example 2, as Figure 6 As shown, an atmospheric pressure tool changing system is further optimized based on Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the rotating sleeve 6 has an elliptical cross-section, and both ends of the major axis of the rotating sleeve 6 are provided with rotating shaft holes 61. The rotating sleeve 6 is an ellipsoidal structure with an opening in the middle. The outer sleeve 3 is provided with an inner cavity that matches the rotating sleeve 6 to ensure that no interference occurs during the rotation of the rotating sleeve. Rotating shafts 31 are provided on both sides of the inner cavity. The rotating shafts 31 are driven by the rotating shaft holes 61, that is, the rotating shafts and rotating shaft holes can be fitted with rectangular surfaces. When the rotating shafts 31 rotate, they can drive the rotating sleeve 6 to rotate. In specific use, the rotating shafts are connected to a driving device such as a motor or rotated manually, thereby driving the tool holder to rotate. The rotary tool holder can reduce the tool changing space along the tunnel axis direction of the traditional atmospheric pressure tool changing device and save the manufacturing cost of gates, cylinders, etc.; atmospheric pressure can be achieved by rotation alone, which effectively reduces the time for creating an atmospheric pressure environment.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, in this preferred embodiment, the outer sleeve 3 is provided with oil injection holes 32 arranged circumferentially. The number of oil injection holes can be set multiple times as needed; this embodiment uses 6 as an example. Grease can be added to the inside of the cutter holder 2 through the oil injection holes to improve the sealing performance. At the same time, a sealing ring 33 is arranged for cleaning foreign objects on the outer wall during the rotation of the rotating sleeve 6. The cutter head panel 1 is connected to the front end face of the outer sleeve 3 by bolts, and the end cover 5 is connected to the rear end face of the outer sleeve 3 by bolts. In the working state, the front end face of the cutter holder 2 is flush with the front end face of the cutter head panel 1. When changing the cutter, the cutter holder and the hob enter the rotating sleeve 6 under the pull-back action of the support seat 4.

[0024] like Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the front end of the support base 4 extends into the inner cavity of the rotating sleeve 6 and connects to the tool holder 2 to provide axial support force for the tool holder, preventing the tool holder from retracting or rotating during operation. The rear end of the support base 4 is connected to the end cover 5; the rear end of the support base 4 and the end cover 5 are bolted together for easy disassembly. The end cover 5 is provided with an air inlet 51 and an oil drain hole 52 at the bottom. The air inlet 51 is used to pressurize the tool holder 2 with air, and the oil drain hole discharges the grease inside the tool holder to facilitate smooth tool changing.

[0025] Example 3, as Figure 8 As shown, an atmospheric pressure tool changing system, based on embodiment 1 or 2, involves disconnecting the connection between the rear end of the support base 4 and the end cover 5 during tool changing. The support base is then pulled back, causing the tool holder 2 and the hob 8 to retract into the rotating sleeve 6. A sealing plate 7 then replaces the support base 4 and connects to the end cover 5. During the rotation of the tool holder, a problem of tool penetration may occur. Without a sealing plate, slurry and grease will flow into the cutter disc behind the tool holder. Therefore, before controlling the rotation of the rotating sleeve, a sealing plate is installed at the rear end of the end cover to prevent grease and slurry from flowing into the cutter disc and causing harm to workers. After the tool holder has rotated to its position under the drive of the rotating sleeve, the sealing plate must be removed before the tool can be replaced. The sealing plate 7 has several water injection and flushing holes 71; high-pressure water can enter through these holes for flushing the hob, facilitating subsequent tool changing.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the cutter holder 2 is provided with a cutter groove 21, and the hobbing cutter 8 is set in the cutter groove 21 to ensure the stability of the hobbing cutter installation. The rear end face of the cutter holder 2 is a planar structure, and multiple sealing grooves 22 are provided on the outer wall of the cutter holder 2. Sealing elements are provided in the sealing grooves 22 to improve the sealing between the cutter holder and the rotating sleeve. The left and right ends of the cutter holder 2 are provided with cutter shaft positioning grooves 23 to ensure the firmness and accuracy of the cutter shaft installation. The cutter shaft of the hobbing cutter 8 is located in the cutter shaft positioning groove 23, and N hobbing cutters 8 are arranged in a row in the cutter groove 21. The hobbing cutters are arranged in a row to reduce the distance between the cutters, increase the cutting force of the cutters, and meet the requirements of rapid tunneling of the shield.

[0027] The specific tool changing process of this utility model is as follows: 1. Initial state: The tool system is in working state, and the tool is pressed against the face of the working face, such as... Figure 1 As shown. 2. When the hob needs to be replaced, remove the connecting bolts on the support base 4 and the end cover 5, then pull out the support base 4 to drive the tool holder 2 and the hob to move backward to the designated position simultaneously; at the same time, inject grease into the tool holder through the oil injection hole 32; as shown. Figure 8 As shown. 3. Remove the connecting bolts on the support base 4 and the tool holder 2, remove the support base 4, and connect the rotating sleeve 6 to the tool holder 2 with bolts, and install the sealing plate 7, as shown. Figure 9 As shown. 4. By controlling the rotation of the rotating shaft 61, the rotating sleeve 6, the tool holder 2, and the hob are rotated 180 degrees, as shown. Figure 10As shown. 5. Stop adding oil through oil injection hole 32, add water through water injection hole 71, and simultaneously open air inlet 51 and oil drain port 52. Use an air pump to inject high-pressure gas into the tool holder through air inlet 51 to discharge grease and sludge from inside the tool holder through oil drain port 52. 6. Remove sealing plate 7, remove the old hob, and install a new hob. 7. After replacement, install sealing plate 7, rotate rotating sleeve 6, and inject grease and water into the interior through oil drain port 52, oil injection hole 32, and water injection hole 71 to prevent foreign objects from entering during the rotation of rotating sleeve 6. Stop adding oil and water when the tool holder 2 rotates to the working state. 8. Remove sealing plate 7, install support base 4, and push the tool holder 2 to the working state.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0029] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An atmospheric pressure tool changing system, comprising an outer sleeve (3), characterized in that: The outer sleeve (3) is provided with a rotating sleeve (6). The front and rear ends of the outer sleeve (3) are respectively provided with a cutter head panel (1) and an end cover (5). The rotating sleeve (6) is provided with a cutter holder (2) that is compatible with the cutter head panel (1). The cutter holder (2) is provided with N hobs (8), N≥2. In the working state, the end cover (5) is provided with a support seat (4) connected to the cutter holder (2). In the tool changing state, the end cover (5) is provided with a sealing plate (7).

2. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rear sealing ring (53) is provided between the end cap (5) and the rotating sleeve (6), and a front sealing ring (33) is provided between the outer sleeve (3) and the rotating sleeve (6). A sliding groove (62) is also provided inside the rotating sleeve (6). The knife holder (2) is located in the sliding groove (62) and can slide relative to the sliding groove (62).

3. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rotating sleeve (6) has an elliptical cross-section. Both ends of the long axis of the rotating sleeve (6) are provided with rotating shaft holes (61). The outer sleeve (3) is provided with an inner cavity that matches the rotating sleeve (6). The inner cavity is provided with rotating shafts (31) on both sides. The rotating shafts (31) are connected to the rotating shaft holes (61) for transmission. The rotating shafts (31) can drive the rotating sleeve (6) to rotate.

4. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer sleeve (3) is provided with oil injection holes (32) around its circumference. The cutter head panel (1) is connected to the front end face of the outer sleeve (3) by bolts. The end cap (5) is connected to the rear end face of the outer sleeve (3) by bolts. In the working state, the front end face of the cutter holder (2) is flush with the front end face of the cutter head panel (1).

5. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front end of the support base (4) is connected to the tool holder (2), and the rear end of the support base (4) is connected to the end cap (5).

6. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: An air inlet (51) is provided on the end cap (5), and an oil drain hole (52) is provided at the bottom of the end cap (5).

7. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to any one of claims 1, 4 to 6, characterized in that: When changing tools, the tool holder (2) and the hob (8) retract into the rotating sleeve (6), the rotating sleeve (6) is connected to the tool holder (2), and the sealing plate (7) replaces the support seat (4) and is connected to the end cover (5).

8. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sealing plate (7) is provided with several water injection and flushing holes (71).

9. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to any one of claims 1, 4 to 6 and 8, characterized in that: The tool holder (2) has a tool groove (21) inside, and the hob (8) is set in the tool groove (21). The rear end face of the tool holder (2) is a planar structure. Multiple sealing grooves (22) are provided on the outer wall of the tool holder (2), and sealing elements are provided in the sealing grooves (22).

10. The atmospheric pressure tool changing system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The tool holder (2) has tool shaft positioning grooves (23) at both ends. The tool shaft of the hob (8) is located in the tool shaft positioning groove (23). N hobs (8) are arranged in a row in the tool groove (21).

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