A bolt anti-loosening monitoring device for a tool box

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of bolt anti-loose monitoring devices of tool box, solve the problem that bolt tightness state in prior art is difficult to monitor in real time, bolt tightness state cannot be monitored due to being easily influenced by environment. The utility model includes tool box and tool, the tool shaft of tool is fixed in tool box by C block and pressing block, the pressing block is connected on tool box by tensioning screw rod, and rotating monitoring assembly is equipped on tensioning screw rod;Piezoelectric gasket is equipped between tensioning screw rod and tool box, guide assembly is equipped between pressing block and tool box, and displacement monitoring assembly is equipped on guide assembly. The utility model carries out anti-loose monitoring from rotation, pressure, displacement three aspects, constitutes a multiple cooperation, each other checks monitoring system;Greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring, can be reasonably arranged maintenance according to tool box bolt tightness state in construction process;Fundamentally solve the problem that key bolt loosening is difficult to be discovered in time and is greatly influenced by environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a cutterhead device. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) primarily rely on cutters mounted on a cutterhead at the front end to cut and break rocks for tunnel excavation. These cutters are subjected to strong impacts, vibrations, and high loads, inevitably causing the bolts securing them to loosen. Loose bolts affect the cutterhead's cutting efficiency, accelerate cutter wear, and in severe cases, pose a risk of cutter detachment. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the bolt tightness is crucial. Appropriately scheduling maintenance can significantly shorten the tunneling period and reduce construction costs.

[0003] In the prior art, such as Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN119086714A, a portable bolt loosening detection device and method are disclosed. The bolt loosening detection device includes a housing and multiple acoustic sensors. However, given the harsh working conditions of the cutter head and tool box, this detection method is easily affected by environmental interference and cannot meet the requirements for bolt monitoring in the tool box. Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN119086038A designs a bolt loosening detection device by setting a rotating cap and a conductive spring on the bolt head / nut, and a conductive retaining ring on the fastened part. When the bolt is tightened, the conductive spring and the conductive retaining ring form a closed detection circuit. When the bolt loosens, the conductive spring disengages from the conductive retaining ring, breaking the circuit. However, this method can only detect whether the bolt is loose and cannot monitor its status in real time. Chinese patent application publication number CN116906054A detects whether the bolts of the cutter barrel are loose by illuminating them with a light source and taking pictures with a high-precision camera. However, in the high-pressure, high-humidity, and mud-splashing working environment of the cutter head, mud and sludge are easily attached to the surface of the bolts. The images collected often have few target features and many interference factors. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the looseness based on the images, and the high-precision camera is expensive.

[0004] There are currently no effective solutions to the problems of susceptibility to environmental interference and inability to monitor the loosening status of tool box bolts in real time in existing technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to design a tool box that can overcome environmental interference and monitor the loosening status of tool box bolts in real time. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this utility model proposes a tool box bolt anti-loosening monitoring device, which solves the problems in the prior art where the tightness of the tool bolts is difficult to monitor in real time and is easily affected by the environment, making it impossible to monitor the tightness of the bolts.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows: A tool box bolt anti-loosening monitoring device includes a tool box and a tool disposed inside the tool box. The tool shaft is fixed inside the tool box by a C-block and a pressure block. The pressure block is connected to the tool box by a tensioning screw, and a rotation monitoring component is provided on the tensioning screw. A piezoelectric gasket is provided between the tensioning screw and the tool box, and a guide component is provided between the pressure block and the tool box. A displacement monitoring component is provided on the guide component. In actual operation, the rotation monitoring component monitors the rotation angle of the tensioning screw to achieve quantitative monitoring of the bolt tightness (rotation angle), and feeds the monitoring results back to the host computer. Operators can judge the bolt tightness based on the monitoring results and reasonably arrange maintenance time. To avoid mud and debris adhering to the tool box and affecting the monitoring of bolt tightness, the rotation monitoring component is not affected by mud and debris, ensuring detection accuracy. The piezoelectric gasket senses dynamic load fluctuations in real time and identifies bolt loosening through changes in charge output. The displacement monitoring component on the guide component monitors the movement of the pressure block and monitors the loosening of the tensioning screw from the side.

[0007] In a further preferred embodiment, the tool box is provided with a screw mounting block for limiting the tensioning screw, and the screw mounting block is provided with a tightening component corresponding to the tensioning screw. The screw mounting block axially limits the tensioning screw, and at the same time, the tightening component tightens the tensioning screw, effectively preventing loosening.

[0008] Further optimization involves creating a limiting groove at the bottom of the screw mounting block, fixing a flange on the tensioning screw, and positioning the flange within the limiting groove to axially limit the tensioning screw. A piezoelectric gasket is located between the flange and the tool box, ensuring the normal operation of the piezoelectric gasket.

[0009] In a further preferred embodiment, the tightening assembly includes a tightening block disposed on the screw mounting block, and a tightening bolt is threadedly connected to the tightening block. The tightening bolt corresponds to the tensioning screw; the tensioning screw is radially tightened to restrict its circumferential rotation, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing loosening.

[0010] In a further optimized design, a screw mounting block extends from the top of the tensioning screw, and the rotation monitoring component is a rotary encoder, which is fixed to the top of the tensioning screw. The rotary encoder monitors the rotation angle of the tensioning screw and feeds the monitoring results back to the host computer. Operators can determine the tightness of the bolts based on the monitoring results and perform timely and accurate anti-loosening monitoring.

[0011] Further optimization involves a piezoelectric gasket comprising several gaskets adapted to the tensioning screw, with a piezoelectric pressure sensor positioned between adjacent gaskets. When the tensioning bolt loosens, the pressure changes, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor transmits the signal to the host computer. Operators can then determine the bolt tightness based on the monitoring results and perform timely and accurate anti-loosening monitoring.

[0012] Further preferably, the gasket includes an upper gasket and a lower gasket, both of which have corresponding grooves, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor is located in the grooves to ensure the stability of the piezoelectric pressure sensor.

[0013] In a further preferred embodiment, the guiding assembly includes a guide groove formed within the tool box and a guide post disposed on the pressure block. The guide post is located within the guide groove, and a displacement monitoring assembly is disposed within the guide groove and corresponds to the guide post. This monitors the movement of the pressure block and, from the side, monitors the loosening of the tensioning screw.

[0014] Further optimization involves using a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, a Hall effect displacement sensor, or a laser displacement sensor as the displacement monitoring component. A seal is provided between the guide groove and the guide column to prevent the ingress of mud, water, or other liquids.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model monitors the rotation angle of the tension screw by setting a rotation monitoring component at the end of the tension screw, realizing real-time anti-loosening monitoring; through the coordinated cooperation of the rotation monitoring component (monitoring angle variables) and the piezoelectric gasket (monitoring pressure variables), the loosening of the tension screw can be directly monitored in multiple dimensions, so as to achieve timeliness and accuracy of anti-loosening monitoring; in addition, the rotation detection of the tension screw and the displacement monitoring of the guide component (monitoring axial displacement) form cross-verification, avoiding false alarms from a single sensor; the three systems, namely rotation, pressure, and displacement, are not simply stacked, but constitute a multi-coordinated and mutually verified monitoring system; this greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring, realizes highly reliable and highly safe predictive maintenance monitoring, and can reasonably arrange maintenance according to the tightness of the toolbox bolts during construction; fundamentally solving the problem that the loosening of key bolts is difficult to detect in time and is greatly affected by the environment.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model adopts a toolbox bolt tightness monitoring device, which solves the problems of large errors in manual detection and identification and high safety risks in manual detection operations. It realizes the visual management of the toolbox bolt tightness status. By observing the tightness status of the toolbox bolts, it helps operators judge the looseness of the toolbox bolts and rationally select and arrange maintenance times, thereby improving tunneling efficiency and safety and reducing construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the guide component structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric pad assembly. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric gasket in its split state. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] Example 1, as Figure 1 , 3 As shown, a tool box bolt anti-loosening monitoring device includes a tool box 20 and a tool 1 disposed within the tool box 20. The tool is typically a hob. The tool shaft 101 of the tool 1 is fixed within the tool box 20 by a C-block 21 and a pressure block 7. This method of fixing the tool shaft is an existing design. In this embodiment, the pressure block 7 is connected to the tool box 20 via a tension screw 4. The tension screw pulls the pressure block to press against the tool shaft, ensuring the stability of the tool installation. A rotation monitoring component 2 is provided on the tension screw 4. The rotation monitoring component is used to monitor the rotation angle of the tension screw. When the tension screw rotates, it indicates that the screw may have loosened. This monitoring component is directly connected to the tension screw, realizing real-time anti-loosening monitoring and is susceptible to environmental influences. In this embodiment, a piezoelectric washer 9 is provided between the tension screw 4 and the tool box 20. When the screw becomes loose, the piezoelectric element can detect the change in its piezoelectricity. The above monitoring measures can help operators accurately determine the looseness of the screw and arrange maintenance at an appropriate time according to the actual construction status and progress. A guide assembly 6 is provided between the pressure block 7 and the cutter box 20, and a displacement monitoring component is installed on the guide assembly 6. When the screw becomes loose, the guide assembly moves accordingly, and the displacement monitoring component can monitor the displacement in real time, thereby determining the looseness of the pressure block.

[0021] This invention utilizes a rotating monitoring component (monitoring angular variables) and a piezoelectric gasket (monitoring pressure variables) in synergy to directly monitor the loosening of tension screws from multiple dimensions, ensuring timely and accurate anti-loosening monitoring. Furthermore, the rotation detection of the tension screw and the displacement monitoring of the guide component (monitoring axial displacement) form a cross-validation mechanism, avoiding false alarms from a single sensor. The three systems (rotation, pressure, and displacement) are not simply stacked together, but constitute a multi-layered, collaborative, and mutually verifying monitoring system. This significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring, achieving highly reliable and safe predictive maintenance monitoring, fundamentally solving the problems of critical bolt loosening being difficult to detect in a timely manner and being greatly affected by environmental factors.

[0022] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, a tool box bolt anti-loosening monitoring device, based on embodiment 1, has a screw mounting block 8 on the tool box 20 to limit the tensioning screw 4. The screw mounting block is fixed to the tool box by bolts and is used to limit the tensioning screw axially. The screw mounting block 8 is provided with a tightening component 3 corresponding to the tensioning screw 4; the tightening component provides a tightening force to the tensioning screw, limiting its circumferential movement and preventing loosening.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a limiting groove is provided at the bottom of the screw mounting block 8, and a flange 41 is fixed on the tensioning screw 4, with the flange 41 located within the limiting groove. Specifically, the upper part of the tensioning screw is limited and installed on the tool box by the screw mounting block 8, which has a limiting groove. After the tensioning screw is tightened, the screw mounting block and the tool box are bolted together and fixed inside by the limiting groove, thus limiting the tensioning screw. A piezoelectric gasket 9 is located between the flange 41 and the tool box 20; it is used to detect the pressure change between the flange and the tool box, thereby determining the axial movement of the tensioning screw.

[0024] In this embodiment, the tightening assembly 3 includes a tightening block 12 disposed on the screw mounting block 8, and a tightening bolt 11 threadedly connected to the tightening block 12. The tightening bolt 11 corresponds to the tensioning screw 4. After the tensioning screw 4 is tightened, the tightening bolt abuts against the tensioning screw and limits its circumferential movement. When the tensioning screw loosens, it contacts the tightening bolt, and due to their interaction force, it plays an anti-loosening role.

[0025] In this embodiment, the top of the tension screw 4 extends out of the screw mounting block 8. The rotation monitoring component 2 is a rotary encoder, which is fixed to the top of the tension screw 4 and uses direct contact for rotation monitoring, reducing environmental interference. In this embodiment, the rotary encoder controls both the rotation monitoring element and the signal receiving element. The signal receiving element is connected to the screw mounting block via a bracket 10, which is fixed to the screw mounting block with bolts, ensuring that the signal receiving element is stationary relative to the screw mounting block. To prevent mud and debris from adhering to the tool box and affecting the monitoring of bolt tightness, the rotation monitoring component uses a magnetoelectric encoder based on the principle of magnetic fields. This element obtains rotation information by monitoring changes in the magnetic field and is unaffected by mud and debris. Specifically, the rotation monitoring element is fixedly connected to the tensioning screw, with their axes coinciding. When the screw rotates, the element rotates by the same angle. The signal receiving element is connected to the screw mounting block and remains in a fixed position, not moving with the screw rotation. When the screw loosens and rotates, its magnetic field changes accordingly. The Hall element monitors the change in its magnetic field distribution and then outputs orthogonal sine and cosine signals. The signals are calibrated, and the maximum and minimum values ​​of the sine and cosine signals are collected respectively. The offset and amplitude are calculated separately and finally converted into the bolt rotation angle. The host computer sets an alarm device based on the bolt rotation angle. When the rotation angle exceeds the bolt rotation safety threshold, the host computer issues a warning. Operators can determine the bolt tightness based on the monitoring results and arrange maintenance times accordingly.

[0026] Example 3, as Figure 5 , 6 As shown, a toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device, based on embodiment 1 or 2, in this embodiment, the piezoelectric gasket 9 includes several gaskets 901 adapted to the tensioning screw 4. The gaskets are sleeved on the tensioning screw, and a piezoelectric pressure sensor 902 is provided between two adjacent gaskets 901. Specifically, the gasket 901 includes an upper gasket and a lower gasket, both of which have corresponding grooves 903. The piezoelectric pressure sensor 902 is located in the groove 903. To ensure the stability of the piezoelectric pressure sensor, a protective layer is coated on the outside of the piezoelectric element to ensure its reliability in complex working environments. When the screw becomes loose, the piezoelectric pressure sensor can detect the change in its piezoelectricity. Through the above monitoring measures, operators can accurately judge the loosening of the screw, select an appropriate time to arrange maintenance according to the actual construction status and progress, so as to improve construction efficiency, shorten the construction cycle, and reduce construction costs. In addition, a composite coating gasket can be placed on the flange face where the tensioning screw mates with the tool box. The principle is that when the bolt is tightened, the coating is compressed and the coating particles are squeezed out tightly, resulting in the lowest resistance. When the bolt is loosened, the coating material rebounds and the resistance increases. By monitoring the coating resistance in real time, the axial loosening distance of the bolt can be obtained, and the operator can choose an appropriate time to take measures based on the loosening distance.

[0027] It should be noted that pressure monitoring can be carried out using a monitoring device based on the strain principle. The bolt tightness monitoring device automatically collects and measures bolt tightness data in real time by installing strain gauges on the bolt surface, and transmits and analyzes the data. When the bolt loosens, pressure changes will occur, and bolt loosening can be monitored by capturing bolt rotation information through sensors.

[0028] In this embodiment, the guide assembly 6 includes a guide groove 601 formed within the tool box 20 and a guide post 602 disposed on the pressure block 7. The guide post 602 is located within the guide groove 601, preventing the screw from loosening and the tensioning block from falling off during tool replacement. A displacement monitoring assembly is disposed within the guide groove 601 and corresponds to the guide post 602. By monitoring the movement of the guide post, the movement of the pressure block is obtained, further verifying the screw loosening situation. A sealing element 5 is provided between the guide groove 601 and the guide post 602 to prevent mud and sludge from the cutter head operating environment from entering the monitoring environment and affecting monitoring accuracy, thus ensuring monitoring accuracy.

[0029] In this embodiment, the displacement monitoring component is a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, a Hall effect displacement sensor, or a laser displacement sensor. Due to the complex internal structure of the toolbox, its difficulty in maintenance, and the harsh operating environment, the displacement monitoring component preferentially selects a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, which has the characteristics of long life, high environmental adaptability, high reliability, and no need for regular maintenance and calibration. Specifically, the displacement monitoring head of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged on the end face of the guide post. Since the limiting design of the tension screw prevents it from moving along the axis, when the screw loosens, the pressure block moves, causing the displacement monitoring head to move together. The displacement monitoring component can then monitor the displacement of the displacement monitoring head in real time.

[0030] It should be noted that the displacement monitoring component can be replaced with a monitoring element based on the force monitoring principle. By monitoring the pressure applied to the monitoring device by the guide device, the contact status between the guide column and the monitoring device can be obtained. If the bolts loosen and cause the guide column to shift, the force monitored by the monitoring element will change, thereby issuing an alarm signal to the control system.

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model adopts a toolbox bolt tightness monitoring device, which solves the problems of large errors in manual detection and identification and high safety risks in manual detection operations. It realizes the visual management of the toolbox bolt tightness status. By observing the tightness status of the toolbox bolts, it helps operators judge the looseness of the toolbox bolts and rationally select and arrange maintenance times, thereby improving tunneling efficiency and safety and reducing construction costs.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A tool box bolt anti-loosening monitoring device, comprising a tool box (20) and a tool (1) disposed in the tool box (20), wherein the tool shaft (101) of the tool (1) is fixed in the tool box (20) by a C-block (21) and a pressure block (7), characterized in that: The pressure block (7) is connected to the tool box (20) by a tension screw (4). A rotation monitoring component (2) is provided on the tension screw (4). A piezoelectric gasket (9) is provided between the tension screw (4) and the tool box (20). A guide component (6) is provided between the pressure block (7) and the tool box (20). A displacement monitoring component (13) is provided on the guide component (6).

2. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool box (20) is provided with a screw mounting block (8) for limiting the tension screw (4), and the screw mounting block (8) is provided with a clamping component (3) corresponding to the tension screw (4).

3. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting groove is provided at the bottom of the screw mounting block (8), and a flange (41) is fixed on the tension screw (4). The flange (41) is located in the limiting groove, and the piezoelectric gasket (9) is located between the flange (41) and the tool box (20).

4. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (3) includes a clamping block (12) disposed on the screw mounting block (8), and a clamping bolt (11) is threadedly connected to the clamping block (12), which corresponds to the tensioning screw (4).

5. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the tension screw (4) extends out of the screw mounting block (8), and the rotation monitoring component (2) is a rotary encoder, which is fixed to the top of the tension screw (4).

6. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that: The piezoelectric pad (9) includes several pads (901) adapted to the tension screw (4), and a piezoelectric pressure sensor (902) is provided between two adjacent pads (901).

7. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gasket (901) includes an upper gasket and a lower gasket, and corresponding grooves (903) are provided on both the upper and lower gaskets. The piezoelectric pressure sensor (902) is located in the groove (903).

8. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5, and 7, characterized in that: The guide assembly (6) includes a guide groove (601) opened in the tool box (20) and a guide post (602) set on the pressure block (7). The guide post (602) is located in the guide groove (601), and the displacement monitoring assembly is set in the guide groove (601) and corresponds to the guide post (602).

9. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The displacement monitoring component is a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, a Hall effect displacement sensor, or a laser displacement sensor.

10. The toolbox bolt anti-loosening monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A sealing element (5) is provided between the guide groove (601) and the guide post (602).

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