A high-pressure gas cylinder having a fiber sandwich composite structure
The high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure solves the problems of insufficient structural strength and hydrogen embrittlement, achieving high strength and stable sealing, and is suitable for high-pressure hydrogen storage systems in new energy vehicles and ships.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI QIFENG SPECIAL GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC PROD CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Traditional high-pressure gas cylinders have insufficient structural strength when subjected to high pressure, making them prone to deformation or explosion. They also suffer from hydrogen embrittlement and insufficient sealing performance when storing hydrogen.
It adopts a fiber sandwich composite structure, including a vacuum inner liner, a carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer, a glass fiber reinforced outer shell, and multiple sealing structures. The multi-layer composite structure is formed through a hot pressing process to achieve high strength and effective sealing.
It improves the structural strength of the gas cylinder, prevents deformation and explosion, extends its service life, ensures that hydrogen does not come into contact with the metal inner liner, and achieves long-term stable storage of high-pressure gas.
Smart Images
Figure CN224534031U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of high-pressure gas cylinder technology, and in particular to a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of high-pressure gas cylinder technology, traditional high-pressure gas cylinders have many problems. On the one hand, existing high-pressure gas cylinders lack structural strength when subjected to high pressure. For example, single-layer gas cylinders, relying solely on a single wall thickness to withstand pressure, are prone to deformation, rupture, or even explosion due to excessive stress, seriously threatening the safety of users and the surrounding environment, and limiting their application in high-pressure demand scenarios. On the other hand, for storing special gases such as hydrogen, the small atomic volume of hydrogen makes it easy to react with the metal inner liner, resulting in "hydrogen embrittlement," which reduces the service life and safety of the gas cylinder. In addition, existing high-pressure gas cylinders also have defects in sealing performance, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term stable storage of high-pressure gases. This design patent effectively solves the problems of structural strength, resistance to "hydrogen embrittlement," and sealing performance of traditional high-pressure gas cylinders through a unique fiber sandwich composite structure, such as setting a carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer, a glass fiber reinforced outer shell, and multiple sealing structures. Therefore, it is necessary to design a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0005] A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure includes a vacuum liner. A carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer is disposed on the outer side of the vacuum liner. A glass fiber reinforced outer shell is disposed on the outer side of the carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer. A carbon fiber sealing liner is disposed on the inner side of the vacuum liner. A cylinder head is disposed at the top of the vacuum liner. A cylinder stopper is disposed inside the cylinder head. A stopper post is disposed at the top of the stopper. An elastic packing ball is disposed outside the stopper post. An O-ring is disposed outside the elastic packing ball. A thickened neck sleeve is disposed outside the cylinder head. An outer protective sealing sleeve is disposed at the top of the thickened neck sleeve. A thickened transition layer is disposed at the connection between the glass fiber reinforced outer shell and the cylinder head, and at the bottom of the glass fiber reinforced outer shell. A threaded groove is disposed in the middle of the inner side of the cylinder head. A threaded groove that mates with the threaded groove is disposed on the inner side of the outer protective sealing sleeve. An embedded cavity is disposed at the top of the vacuum liner. The bottom of the cylinder stopper is embedded in the embedded cavity. A pressure groove is disposed on the right side of the inner side of the cylinder head. A ball groove is disposed at the position corresponding to the pressure groove on the top of the vacuum liner. An elastic packing ball is disposed in the ball groove.
[0006] Preferably, the bottom of the stopper is embedded in the cavity of the vacuum liner, and the stopper thread penetrates the top of the bottle head and achieves radial sealing through an elastic packing ball and an O-ring.
[0007] Preferably, the pressure groove and the ball groove are coaxially corresponding, and the elastic packing ball is simultaneously pressed between the pressure groove and the ball groove to form a bidirectional sealing structure.
[0008] Preferably, the carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer is sandwiched between the vacuum inner liner and the glass fiber reinforced outer shell, and the two are integrally connected at the end through a thickened transition layer.
[0009] Preferably, the carbon fiber sealing liner completely covers the inner wall of the vacuum liner and is tightly bonded to the vacuum liner through a hot-pressing process.
[0010] Preferably, the thickened transition layer is symmetrically distributed in a ring at the connection between the glass fiber reinforced shell and the bottle head and at the bottom of the glass fiber reinforced shell, and the radial thickness of the thickened transition layer is 1.5 times the thickness of the main body of the glass fiber reinforced shell.
[0011] Preferably, the cross-sections of the pressure groove and the ball groove are both semi-circular, and the radii of the pressure groove and the ball groove are the same as the radius of the elastic packing ball.
[0012] Preferably, the top of the bottle head has a frustum-shaped structure, the smaller diameter end of the bottle head is connected to the stopper, and the larger diameter end of the bottle head is connected to the glass fiber reinforced shell through a thickened transition layer.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0014] 1. In this utility model, a multi-layer composite structure is formed by sandwiching a carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer between the vacuum inner liner and the glass fiber reinforced outer shell, and integrating it with the thickened transition layer at the end. The carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer has high strength and high modulus characteristics, which can effectively disperse pressure. The glass fiber reinforced outer shell provides additional protection, and the thickened transition layer further strengthens the end structure. The three work together to make the stress distribution more uniform when the gas cylinder is subjected to high pressure, making it less prone to deformation and cracking, and greatly improving the structural strength. At the same time, the carbon fiber sealing liner set on the inner side of the vacuum inner liner is tightly bonded by hot pressing process, which can effectively isolate hydrogen from contact with the metal inner liner, avoid the "hydrogen embrittlement" phenomenon, extend the service life of the gas cylinder, and improve safety.
[0015] 2. In this utility model, efficient sealing is achieved through the cooperation of components such as bottle head, bottle stopper, elastic packing ball, and O-ring. The bottom of the bottle stopper is embedded in the cavity of the vacuum liner. The pressure groove on the right side of the inner side of the bottle head corresponds to the ball groove on the top of the vacuum liner. The elastic packing ball is pressed between the pressure groove and the ball groove to form a two-way sealing structure. Together with the O-ring on the outside of the stopper, the inside of the gas cylinder is sealed from multiple dimensions, effectively preventing gas leakage and meeting the requirements for long-term stable storage of high-pressure gas. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to the present invention.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to the present invention.
[0018] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to the present invention.
[0019] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to the present invention.
[0020] In the diagram: 1. Thickened transition layer; 2. Fiberglass reinforced outer shell; 3. Thickened neck sleeve; 4. Bottle head; 5. Bottle stopper; 6. Outer sealing sleeve; 7. Threaded groove; 8. Thread; 9. Plug; 10. Elastic filler ball; 11. O-ring seal; 12. Pressure groove; 13. Ball groove; 14. Embedded cavity; 15. Carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer; 16. Vacuum inner liner; 17. Carbon fiber sealing liner. Detailed Implementation
[0021] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," and "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0024] Please see Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution:
[0025] A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure includes a vacuum liner 16. A carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer 15 is disposed on the outer side of the vacuum liner 16, sandwiched between the vacuum liner 16 and a glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2. The two are integrally connected at the end via a thickened transition layer 1. The glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 is disposed on the outer side of the carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer 15. A carbon fiber sealing liner 17 is disposed on the inner side of the vacuum liner 16, completely covering the inner wall of the vacuum liner 16. The carbon fiber sealing liner 17 is bonded to the vacuum liner via a hot-pressing process. The vacuum inner liner 16 is tightly fitted with a bottle head 4 at its top. The top of the bottle head 4 has a frustoconical structure. The smaller diameter end of the bottle head 4 is connected to the stopper 9, and the larger diameter end of the bottle head 4 is connected to the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 through a thickened transition layer 1. A bottle stopper 5 is installed inside the bottle head 4. The bottom of the bottle stopper 5 is embedded in the embedding cavity 14 of the vacuum inner liner 16. A stopper 9 is installed on the top of the bottle stopper 5, and an elastic packing ball 10 is installed on the outside of the stopper 9. An O-ring 11 is installed on the outside of the elastic packing ball 10. A thickened neck sleeve 3 is provided on the outer side of the bottle head 4, and an outer protective sealing sleeve 6 is provided on the top of the thickened neck sleeve 3. A transition thickened layer 1 is provided at the connection between the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 and the bottle head 4, and at the bottom of the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2. The transition thickened layer 1 is symmetrically distributed in a ring at the connection between the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 and the bottle head 4, and at the bottom of the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2. The radial thickness of the transition thickened layer 1 is 1.5 times the thickness of the main body of the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2. A screw groove 7 is provided in the middle of the inner side of the bottle head 4, and a screw groove 7 is provided on the inner side of the outer protective sealing sleeve 6. The vacuum liner 16 has a thread 8, and an embedded cavity 14 is provided at the top of the vacuum liner 16. The bottom of the bottle stopper 5 is embedded in the embedded cavity 14. A pressure groove 12 is provided on the right side of the inner side of the bottle head 4. The pressure groove 12 and the ball groove 13 are coaxially corresponding. The cross-section of the pressure groove 12 and the ball groove 13 are both semi-circular, and the radius of the pressure groove 12 and the ball groove 13 is the same as the radius of the elastic packing ball 10. A ball groove 13 is provided at the top of the vacuum liner 16 corresponding to the pressure groove 12. An elastic packing ball 10 is provided in the ball groove 13. The elastic packing ball 10 is pressed between the pressure groove 12 and the ball groove 13 to form a two-way sealing structure.
[0026] Example 1
[0027] This embodiment targets a high-pressure hydrogen storage system for new energy vehicles, employing a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber-laminated composite structure, specifically as follows: A 70L high-pressure gas cylinder is selected. The vacuum liner 16 is made of aluminum alloy with a thickness of 2mm. A carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer 15 with a thickness of 3mm is installed on the outside of the vacuum liner 16, sandwiched between the vacuum liner 16 and the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2. The two are integrally connected at the end through a transition thickening layer 1. The radial thickness of the transition thickening layer 1 is 1.5 times the main body thickness of the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 (4mm). The glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 with a thickness of 4mm is installed on the outside of the carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer 15. A carbon fiber sealing liner 17 with a thickness of 1mm is installed on the inside of the vacuum liner 16, completely covering the inner wall of the vacuum liner 16. The system is then hot-pressed with a vacuum liner. The inner liner 16 fits tightly. The top of the bottle head 4 is a frustoconical structure. The small-diameter end is connected to the plug 9, and the large-diameter end is connected to the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 through the thickened transition layer 1. The bottle head 4 is equipped with a bottle stopper 5, and the bottom is embedded in the cavity 14 of the vacuum inner liner 16. An elastic packing ball 10 with a diameter of 8mm is provided on the outside of the plug 9, and an O-ring seal 11 is fitted on the outside. The bottle head 4 has a thickened neck sleeve 3 on the outside and an outer protective sealing sleeve 6 on the top. The inner middle threaded groove 7 is engaged with the inner thread 8 of the outer protective sealing sleeve 6. The pressure groove 12 on the right side of the inner side of the bottle head 4 and the ball groove 13 on the top of the vacuum inner liner 16 have a cross-sectional radius of 4mm. The built-in elastic packing ball 10 forms a bidirectional seal. This gas cylinder is used for on-vehicle hydrogen storage and can withstand a pressure of 35MPa. Its weight is lighter than that of steel gas cylinders of the same volume, meeting the requirements of lightweight and high-pressure hydrogen storage on vehicles.
[0028] Example 2
[0029] This embodiment is designed for a marine high-pressure propulsion system, employing a fiber-laminated composite high-pressure gas cylinder with the following parameters and structure: The cylinder volume is set at 120L. The vacuum liner 16 is made of titanium alloy with a thickness of 3mm. A 5mm thick carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer 15 is sandwiched between the vacuum liner 16 and the 5mm thick glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2, integrally connected via a thickened transition layer 1 at the end. The radial thickness of the thickened transition layer 1 is 1.5 times the main body thickness of the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2. The inner side of the vacuum liner 16 has a 1.5mm thick carbon fiber sealing liner 17, which is hot-pressed to the inner wall. The cylinder head 4 is... Similar to the above, the bottom of the bottle stopper 5 is embedded in the vacuum liner 16 embedded in the cavity 14, the stopper 9 has an outer elastic packing ball 10 with a diameter of 10mm, and is equipped with an O-ring seal 11. The bottle head 4 has a thickened neck sleeve 3 on the outside and an outer protective sealing sleeve 6 on the top, which are installed by the screw groove 7 and the thread 8. The inner pressure groove 12 of the bottle head 4 and the ball groove 13 of the vacuum liner 16 with a cross-sectional radius of 5mm have built-in elastic packing balls 10 to achieve bidirectional sealing. This gas cylinder is used for high-pressure air storage in ships, with a burst pressure of not less than 40MPa. Its weight is lighter than that of steel cylinders of the same specification. It has the characteristics of seawater corrosion resistance, high strength and lightweight, and is suitable for the harsh environment of ship power systems.
[0030] It should be noted that this utility model is a high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure. When the high-pressure gas cylinder with this fiber sandwich composite structure is in operation, the vacuum liner 16 serves as the core space for storing high-pressure gas. The carbon fiber sealing liner 17 on its inner side is tightly bonded through a hot-pressing process, isolating the gas from contact with the metal liner and preventing hydrogen embrittlement. The carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer 15 on the outer side of the vacuum liner 16, with its high strength and high modulus characteristics, forms a multi-layered composite structure with the glass fiber reinforced outer shell 2 and the thickened transition layer 1 at the ends. Under high pressure, this structure disperses the pressure, resulting in a uniform stress distribution. To ensure the stability of the gas cylinder structure, when sealing is required, the bottom of the stopper 5 is embedded in the embedding cavity 14 of the vacuum inner liner 16. The pressure groove 12 on the right side of the inner side of the cylinder head 4 corresponds to the ball groove 13 on the top of the vacuum inner liner 16. The elastic packing ball 10 is pressed between the pressure groove 12 and the ball groove 13 to form a two-way sealing structure. The O-ring 11 on the outside of the stopper 9 further seals and prevents gas leakage. The thickened neck sleeve 3 on the outside of the cylinder head 4 and the outer protective sealing sleeve 6 on the top further enhance the sealing performance and structural strength through the thread 8 that mates with the inner screw groove 7 of the cylinder head 4, thus achieving safe and stable storage of high-pressure gas.
[0031] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure, comprising a vacuum liner (16), characterized in that: The vacuum liner (16) is provided with a carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer (15) on the outside, and a glass fiber reinforced outer shell (2) on the outside of the carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer (15). The vacuum liner (16) is provided with a carbon fiber sealing liner (17) on the inside. The vacuum liner (16) is provided with a bottle head (4) on the top. The bottle head (4) is provided with a bottle stopper (5) inside. The bottle stopper (5) is provided with a stopper column (9) on the top. The stopper column (9) is provided with an elastic packing ball (10) on the outside. The elastic packing ball (10) is provided with an O-ring seal (11) on the outside. The bottle head (4) is provided with a thickened bottle neck sleeve (3) on the outside. The thickened bottle neck sleeve (3) is provided with an outer... The outer protective sleeve (6) has a transition thickening layer (1) at the connection between the glass fiber reinforced outer shell (2) and the bottle head (4) and at the bottom of the glass fiber reinforced outer shell (2). The bottle head (4) has a screw groove (7) in the middle of its inner side. The outer protective sleeve (6) has a thread (8) that mates with the screw groove (7) in its inner side. The vacuum inner liner (16) has an embedding cavity (14) at its top. The bottle stopper (5) is embedded in the embedding cavity (14) at its bottom. The bottle head (4) has a pressure groove (12) on its inner right side. The vacuum inner liner (16) has a ball groove (13) at its top corresponding to the pressure groove (12). The ball groove (13) contains an elastic filler ball (10).
2. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the bottle stopper (5) is embedded in the cavity (14) of the vacuum liner (16), and the stopper (9) penetrates the top of the bottle head (4) and achieves radial sealing through the elastic packing ball (10) and the O-ring (11).
3. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure groove (12) and the ball groove (13) are coaxially corresponding, and the elastic packing ball (10) is pressed between the pressure groove (12) and the ball groove (13) to form a two-way sealing structure.
4. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon fiber reinforced pressure-resistant layer (15) is sandwiched between the vacuum inner liner (16) and the glass fiber reinforced outer shell (2), and the two are integrally connected at the end through the transition thickening layer (1).
5. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon fiber sealing liner (17) completely covers the inner wall of the vacuum liner (16) and is tightly bonded to the vacuum liner (16) through a hot pressing process.
6. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition thickening layer (1) is symmetrically distributed in a ring at the connection between the glass fiber reinforced shell (2) and the bottle head (4) and at the bottom of the glass fiber reinforced shell (2), and the radial thickness of the transition thickening layer (1) is 1.5 times the thickness of the main body of the glass fiber reinforced shell (2).
7. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sections of the pressure groove (12) and the ball groove (13) are both semi-circular, and the radii of the pressure groove (12) and the ball groove (13) are the same as the radius of the elastic packing ball (10).
8. A high-pressure gas cylinder with a fiber sandwich composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the bottle head (4) is a frustum-shaped structure. The small diameter end of the bottle head (4) is connected to the plug (9), and the large diameter end of the bottle head (4) is connected to the glass fiber reinforced shell (2) through the thickened transition layer (1).