A high temperature furnace for recycling waste photovoltaic panels

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high-temperature furnaces of recycling waste photovoltaic panel, it is related to photovoltaic module recycling field, high-temperature furnace includes the furnace body of limiting furnace cavity, heating device is set in furnace cavity, load bearing device is set in the heating device below and is spaced apart with the bottom of furnace body;Air inlet is arranged at the axial center axis of the top of furnace body, and exhaust port is symmetrically arranged at the axial center axis of the upper portion of furnace body on both sides;Wherein, single waste photovoltaic panel is horizontally placed on load bearing device or multiple waste photovoltaic panels are inclinedly placed on load bearing device with angle θ with horizontal plane, 20°≤θ≤45°, the upper end surface of waste photovoltaic panel is flush or lower than the bottom of exhaust port.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic module recycling, and in particular to a high-temperature furnace for recycling waste photovoltaic panels. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the photovoltaic industry is developing rapidly. With a large number of photovoltaic modules reaching their 25-year service life and becoming obsolete, the disposal of these discarded modules has become a research hotspot in the field of resource recycling. As the core unit of photovoltaic modules, the recycling and reuse of photovoltaic cells is of great significance for reducing resource consumption and achieving sustainable development.

[0003] Crushers and extruders are currently the main equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules. These devices typically use mechanical extrusion, impact, and shearing to break the remaining components of the waste photovoltaic modules after the frames and junction boxes have been removed into fragments, which are then processed to separate different components. However, this crude crushing process easily leads to severe damage to the solar cells, which not only reduces the recycling rate of the cells but also increases the difficulty of extracting high-value components.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a device that can prevent cell breakage and improve recycling efficiency and quality. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a high-temperature furnace for recycling waste photovoltaic panels.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a high-temperature furnace for recycling waste photovoltaic panels is provided, comprising:

[0007] Furnace body, defining the furnace cavity;

[0008] A heating device, located inside the furnace cavity, includes a top heater and side heaters symmetrically located on both sides below it.

[0009] A support device is located below the heating device and spaced apart from the bottom of the furnace body;

[0010] The air inlet is located on the axial center axis of the top of the furnace body;

[0011] The exhaust ports are symmetrically located on both sides of the upper part of the furnace body along the axial center axis.

[0012] In this configuration, a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the supporting device, or multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the supporting device, where 20°≤θ≤45°, and the upper surface of the waste photovoltaic panel is flush with or lower than the bottom of the exhaust port.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, the power of the top heater and / or the side heater is 120-200KW;

[0014] In one alternative approach, when a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the support device;

[0015] The distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is 40cm-80cm; and / or,

[0016] The distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is -10cm to 65cm; and / or,

[0017] The distance between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the side heater is -10cm to -10cm; and / or,

[0018] The distance d3 between the inner side of the side heater and the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel is 40cm-120cm; and / or,

[0019] The distance between the inner surface of the side heater and the outer surface of the top heater is -10cm to -10cm; and / or,

[0020] In one alternative approach, multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed on the supporting device at an angle θ to the horizontal plane.

[0021] The spacing between two adjacent waste photovoltaic panels is 5cm ≤ D4 ≤ 10cm; and / or,

[0022] The distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is 10cm-30cm; and / or,

[0023] The distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is -40cm to 35cm; and / or,

[0024] The distance between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the side heater is -10cm to -10cm; and / or,

[0025] The distance d3 between the inner side of the side heater and the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel is 40cm-80cm; and / or,

[0026] The distance between the inner surface of the side heater and the outer surface of the top heater is -10cm to -10cm; and / or,

[0027] In one alternative embodiment, the waste photovoltaic panel includes a solar panel, the front and back of which are provided with encapsulating films, the front encapsulating film being provided with front glass, and the back encapsulating film being provided with back glass.

[0028] In one alternative embodiment, exhaust channels are provided on the front and / or back glass layers of the waste photovoltaic panel.

[0029] In one alternative embodiment, when a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the support device, the exhaust channel is provided on the front or back glass layer of the waste photovoltaic panel;

[0030] In one alternative embodiment, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed on the support device at an angle θ to the horizontal plane, the exhaust channels are provided on the front and / or back glass layers of the waste photovoltaic panels; and / or, the extension direction of the exhaust channels is consistent with the tilt direction of the waste photovoltaic panels.

[0031] In one alternative embodiment, the exhaust channel extends along the length and / or width of the waste photovoltaic panel and penetrates the glass layer, and its axis is parallel to the length and / or width of the waste photovoltaic panel.

[0032] In one alternative approach, the width D1 of the exhaust passage is ≥ 0.1 cm.

[0033] In one alternative embodiment, when a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the support device, the exhaust channel extends along the width direction of the waste photovoltaic panel and penetrates the glass layer, with its axis parallel to the width direction.

[0034] In one alternative embodiment, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the support device, the exhaust channel extends along the length and width directions of the waste photovoltaic panels and penetrates the glass layer, with its axis parallel to the length and width directions of the waste photovoltaic panels.

[0035] In one alternative embodiment, the high-temperature furnace further includes a gas guide pipe, the first end of which is sealed and connected to the exhaust port, and the second end of which is disposed opposite to the outlet of the exhaust channel.

[0036] In one alternative embodiment, when a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the support device, the air ducts are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the exhaust channel.

[0037] In one alternative embodiment, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the support device, the vent pipe is positioned near one end of the exhaust channel of the heater.

[0038] In one alternative embodiment, the air guide pipe includes a main air guide pipe and at least one branch air guide pipe, wherein a first end of the main air guide pipe is in sealed communication with the exhaust port, a second end is in communication with the first end of the branch air guide pipe, and the second end of the branch air guide pipe is disposed opposite to the outlet of the exhaust channel.

[0039] In one alternative embodiment, the distance D2 between the second end of the air guide branch and the edge of the exhaust channel outlet satisfies 0.5cm≤D2≤2cm;

[0040] In one alternative embodiment, the inner diameter D3 of the air guide branch pipe satisfies 0.5cm≤D3≤1cm.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) For the treatment of individual waste photovoltaic panels, this utility model uses a heating device to form a gradient temperature field in a high-temperature furnace, which promotes the directional discharge of gas generated during pyrolysis and prevents gas from being deposited on the surface of the cell. At the same time, with the help of the uniform heat conduction effect of the gradient temperature field, the cracking phenomenon caused by local thermal stress concentration of the cell is effectively suppressed, thereby significantly improving the recycling rate of the complete cell.

[0043] (2) Regarding the treatment of multiple waste photovoltaic panels, this utility model can treat multiple waste photovoltaic panels at the same time, effectively improving the recycling efficiency. On the other hand, this utility model uses a heating device to form a gradient temperature field in a high-temperature furnace, which promotes the directional discharge of gas generated during pyrolysis and prevents gas from being deposited on the surface of the solar cells. At the same time, the θ angle tilt setting can optimize the airflow path in the furnace, effectively avoid uneven heating and cracking of the solar cell surface, and significantly improve the recycling rate of complete solar cells.

[0044] (3) By setting up an exhaust channel and / or a gas guide tube, and in conjunction with the temperature gradient of the heater, this utility model further optimizes the exhaust path of the gas generated during the pyrolysis process, effectively improving the recovery rate of the complete battery cell. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the high-temperature furnace of this utility model is shown;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the high-temperature furnace of this utility model is shown;

[0048] Figure 3A top view schematic diagram of the waste photovoltaic panel and the gas duct of this utility model is shown;

[0049] Figure 4 It shows Figure 2 The width direction of the waste photovoltaic panel and the side view of the gas duct are shown.

[0050] Figure 5 It shows Figure 2 A side view along the length of the waste photovoltaic panel shown.

[0051] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 Enlarged view of region A in the middle;

[0052] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the airflow path of the high-temperature furnace of this utility model is shown;

[0053] Figure 8 This invention illustrates the airflow path on the surface of a waste photovoltaic panel with an exhaust channel.

[0054] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the airflow path of the cross-section of the waste photovoltaic panel of this utility model is shown;

[0055] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the high-temperature furnace of this utility model is shown;

[0056] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of the high-temperature furnace of this utility model is shown;

[0057] Figure 12 It shows Figure 11 A side view of the high-temperature furnace shown.

[0058] Figure 13 A top view of one embodiment of waste photovoltaic panels is shown;

[0059] Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 A side view of the waste photovoltaic panel in the width direction;

[0060] Figure 15 It shows Figure 13 A side view along the length of the waste photovoltaic panel shown.

[0061] Figure 16 It shows Figure 15 Enlarged view of region B in the middle;

[0062] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the airflow path of the high-temperature furnace of this utility model is shown;

[0063] Figure 18A schematic diagram of the airflow path on the surface of the waste photovoltaic panel of this utility model is shown;

[0064] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the airflow path of the cross-section of the waste photovoltaic panel of this utility model is shown;

[0065] Figure 20 The image shows a front view of a complete battery cell prepared by the high-temperature furnace of this invention.

[0066] Figure 21 The image shows a back view of a complete battery cell prepared by the high-temperature furnace of this invention.

[0067] Figure label:

[0068] 10-Furnace body; 101-Air inlet; 102-Exhaust outlet; 103-Air guide pipe; 1031-Main air guide pipe; 1032-Branch air guide pipe; 20-Heating device; 21-Top heater; 22-Side heater; 30-Supporting device; 40-Waste photovoltaic panel; 401-Battery cell; 402-Battery cell splicing seam; 403-Exhaust channel; 404-Encapsulating film; 405-Glass layer. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0070] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention; however, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0071] The waste photovoltaic panel in this utility model is a waste photovoltaic panel with glass layers on both the front and back, obtained by removing the frame and junction box of waste photovoltaic modules.

[0072] Specifically, waste photovoltaic modules include single-glass modules and double-glass modules; the difference between the structures of single-glass modules and double-glass modules is that the back of a single-glass module uses a backsheet to fix the battery module, such as a TPT backsheet; while the back of a double-glass module uses glass to fix the battery module.

[0073] The dismantling of waste photovoltaic modules involves disassembling the frame and junction box to obtain the complete waste photovoltaic panel. Since the frame and junction box are made of completely different materials from the waste photovoltaic panel and are generally fixed to the photovoltaic panel in a detachable manner, the frame and junction box can be disassembled by simple mechanical methods. For example, a screwdriver can be used to remove the screws on the frame, cut the connecting wires of the junction box, and remove the frame and junction box.

[0074] For example, when the waste module is a single-glass module, the waste module includes a waste photovoltaic panel, a frame set at the edge of the waste photovoltaic panel, and a junction box on the back of the waste photovoltaic panel; the waste photovoltaic panel consists of a solar panel, an encapsulating film, and glass; the front and back of the solar panel are bonded with encapsulating film, the front encapsulating film is provided with front glass, and the back encapsulating film is provided with back sheet. After removing the frame and junction box from the waste photovoltaic module, it is also necessary to remove the back sheet from the back of the single-glass module. For example, the encapsulating film can be softened by simple heating, and then the back sheet edge can be gently lifted by cutting from the corner of the module with a blade, and then slowly pulled up to remove the back sheet. Since the back of the waste single-glass module is encapsulating film after the back sheet is removed, glass needs to be covered on the back, for example, glass of the same material and size as the front glass of the waste photovoltaic module, to completely cover the back of the waste photovoltaic panel in the waste single-glass module. This results in a waste photovoltaic panel with glass layers on both the front and back.

[0075] It is understandable that, due to the adhesive properties of the encapsulating film, when the back glass is installed on the back of the waste single-glass module after the back sheet has been removed, the adhesive properties allow the back glass to be relatively stably mounted on the waste photovoltaic panel.

[0076] For example, when the waste photovoltaic module is a double-glass module, the waste module includes a waste photovoltaic panel, a frame disposed at the edge of the waste photovoltaic panel, and a junction box on the back of the waste photovoltaic panel; the waste photovoltaic panel is composed of a solar panel, an encapsulating film, and glass; the front and back of the solar panel are bonded with encapsulating films, with the front glass disposed on the front encapsulating film and the back glass disposed on the back encapsulating film. Removing the frame and junction box from the waste photovoltaic module yields a waste photovoltaic panel with glass layers on both sides.

[0077] Below, for reference Figure 1 This invention describes a high-temperature furnace for recycling waste photovoltaic panels. The high-temperature furnace includes:

[0078] Furnace body 10, defining the furnace cavity;

[0079] Heating device 20, located inside the furnace cavity, includes a top heater 21 and side heaters 22 symmetrically located on both sides below it;

[0080] The supporting device 30 is located below the heating device 20 and spaced apart from the bottom of the furnace body 10;

[0081] The air inlet 101 is located on the axial center axis of the top of the furnace body 10;

[0082] Exhaust ports 102 are symmetrically located on the axial center axis of the upper two sides of the furnace body 10;

[0083] In this arrangement, a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30, or multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the support device 30, where 20°≤θ≤45°, and the upper surface of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is flush with or lower than the bottom of the exhaust port 102.

[0084] The furnace body 10 can be a square box structure or a cylindrical structure; preferably, the furnace body 10 is a cylindrical structure, which can make the radial temperature gradient of the furnace body 10 more uniform.

[0085] like Figure 3-6 , Figure 13-16 As shown, the waste photovoltaic panel 40 includes a solar panel, which is formed by multiple solar cells 401 connected in series and / or in parallel. The front and back of the solar panel are provided with an encapsulating film 404. A front glass 405 is provided on the front encapsulating film 404, and a back glass 405 is provided on the back encapsulating film 404.

[0086] Waste photovoltaic panels (40) are generally cuboids with an aspect ratio between 1:0.4 and 1:0.6; for example, the length can be in the range of 1650mm-2734mm, such as 1650mm, 1956mm, 2031mm, 2256mm, 2278mm, or 2734mm; the width can be in the range of 992mm-1134mm, such as 992mm, 1008mm, 1133mm, or 1134mm. The thickness of waste photovoltaic panels (40) can be in the range of 35mm-40mm, such as 35mm, 36mm, 37mm, 38mm, 39mm, or 40mm.

[0087] The 404 encapsulating film can be either EVA or POE.

[0088] The heating device 20 includes a top heater 21 disposed at the top of the furnace cavity and side heaters 22 disposed around the inner wall of the furnace body 10 and concentric with the central axis of the furnace body 10; the side heaters 22 are symmetrically disposed on both sides below the top heater 21. The top heater 21 and the side heaters 22 can use high-purity graphite as heating elements, perform zone heating, and achieve precise adjustment of the temperature gradient inside the furnace by independently controlling the temperature of each temperature zone, and achieve continuous power adjustment by means of silicon controlled rectifier or frequency converter.

[0089] The top heater 21 and the side heater 22 can be an integral structure or a separate structure; this utility model does not impose any restrictions.

[0090] In one alternative, the top heater 21 can be a flat serpentine heater made of isostatic graphite, with a power between 120-200KW, and a temperature control accuracy of ±3℃ within the range of 50-650℃ achieved through a PID intelligent temperature control system.

[0091] In one alternative, the side heater 22 can be a hollow square or hollow cylindrical heater made of isostatic graphite, with a power between 120-200KW, and a temperature control accuracy of ±3℃ within the range of 50-650℃ achieved through a PID intelligent temperature control system.

[0092] like Figure 1 As shown, when a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30;

[0093] In one alternative approach, the distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 40cm-80cm; for example, it can be 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm, 61cm, 62cm, 63cm, 64cm, 65cm, 66cm, 67cm, 68cm, 69cm, 70cm, 71cm, 72cm, 73cm, 74cm, 75cm, 76cm, 77cm, or 80cm. It is understood that the distance value itself is an absolutely positive value, but to represent the positional relationship between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced; here, d1 is only positive, indicating that the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is closer to the ground relative to the lower end face of the top heater 21.

[0094] In one alternative embodiment, the distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater 22 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is -10cm to 65cm; for example, it can be -10cm, -9cm, -8cm, -7cm, -6cm, -5cm, -4cm, -3cm, -2cm, -1cm, 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 15cm, 16cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 22cm, 25cm, 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm, 61cm, 62cm, 63cm, 64cm or 65cm. As can be understood, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent positional relationships; where d2 is negative, it means that the lower end of the side heater is closer to the ground than the upper end of the waste photovoltaic panel, and d2 is positive, it means that the upper end of the waste photovoltaic panel is closer to the ground than the lower end of the side heater.

[0095] In one alternative embodiment, the distance between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the side heater 22 is -10cm to 10cm; for example, it can be -10cm, -9cm, -8cm, -7cm, -6cm, -5cm, -4cm, -3cm, -2cm, -1cm, 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, or 10cm. It is understood that, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent positional relationships; where a negative value indicates that the lower end face of the top heater is closer to the ground than the upper end face of the side heater; and a positive value indicates that the upper end face of the side heater is closer to the ground than the lower end face of the top heater.

[0096] The distance d3 between the inner side of the side heater 22 and the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 40cm-120cm; for example, it can be 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm, 61cm, 62cm, 63cm, 64cm, 65cm, 66cm, 67cm, 68cm, 69cm, 70cm, 71cm, 72cm, 73cm, 74cm, 75cm, 76cm, 77cm, 80cm, 90cm, 95cm, 100cm, 105cm, 110cm, 115cm, or 120cm. It is understood that, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent positional relationships; here, d3 only has positive values, indicating that the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel is closer to the central axis of the furnace body than the inner side of the side heater.

[0097] The distance between the inner surface of the side heater 22 and the outer surface of the top heater 21 is -10cm to 10cm; for example, it can be -10cm, -9cm, -8cm, -7cm, -6cm, -5cm, -4cm, -3cm, -2cm, -1cm, 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, or 10cm. It is understood that, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent the positional relationship; where a negative value indicates that the inner surface of the side heater is closer to the central axis of the furnace body than the outer surface of the top heater; and a positive value indicates that the outer surface of the top heater is closer to the central axis of the furnace body than the inner surface of the side heater.

[0098] like Figure 10 As shown, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed on the supporting device 30 at an angle θ to the horizontal plane,

[0099] The distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 10cm-30cm; for example, it can be 10cm, 11cm, 15cm, 16cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 22cm, 25cm, or 30cm. It is understood that, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent positional relationships; here, d1 only has positive values, indicating that the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is closer to the ground relative to the lower end face of the top heater.

[0100] The distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater 22 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is -40cm to 35cm; for example, it can be -40cm, -35cm, -30cm, -35cm, -20cm, -15cm, -10cm, -9cm, -8cm, -7cm, -6cm, -5cm, -4cm, -3cm, -2cm, -1cm, 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 15cm, 16cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 22cm, 25cm, 30cm or 35cm. As can be understood, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent positional relationships; where d2 is negative, it means that the lower end of the side heater is closer to the ground than the upper end of the waste photovoltaic panel, and d2 is positive, it means that the upper end of the waste photovoltaic panel is closer to the ground than the lower end of the side heater.

[0101] The distance between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the side heater 22 is -10cm to 10cm; for example, it can be -10cm, -9cm, -8cm, -7cm, -6cm, -5cm, -4cm, -3cm, -2cm, -1cm, 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, or 10cm. It is understandable that, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent positional relationships; here, d3 only has positive values, indicating that the outer surface of the waste photovoltaic panel is closer to the central axis of the furnace body than the inner surface of the side heater.

[0102] The distance d3 between the inner side of the side heater 22 and the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 40cm-80cm; for example, it can be 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm, 61cm, 62cm, 63cm, 64cm, 65cm, 66cm, 67cm, 68cm, 69cm, 70cm, 71cm, 72cm, 73cm, 74cm, 75cm, 76cm, 77cm, or 80cm. It is understandable that, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent positional relationships; here, d3 only has positive values, indicating that the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel is closer to the central axis of the furnace body than the inner side of the side heater.

[0103] The distance between the inner surface of the side heater 22 and the outer surface of the top heater 21 is -10cm to 10cm; for example, it can be -10cm, -9cm, -8cm, -7cm, -6cm, -5cm, -4cm, -3cm, -2cm, -1cm, 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, or 10cm. It is understood that, as described above, the concepts of positive and negative values ​​are introduced to represent the positional relationship; where a negative value indicates that the inner surface of the side heater is closer to the central axis of the furnace body than the outer surface of the top heater; and a positive value indicates that the outer surface of the top heater is closer to the central axis of the furnace body than the inner surface of the side heater.

[0104] like Figure 7-9 As shown, when a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30;

[0105] In this invention, a top heater 21 is positioned above the waste photovoltaic panel 40. Through directional thermal radiation, the upper surface of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 facing the top heater 21 is preferentially pyrolyzed, while the lower surface facing away from the top heater 21 undergoes relatively delayed pyrolysis. Side heaters 22 are symmetrically arranged on the sides of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, utilizing lateral heat conduction to promote preferential pyrolysis in the edge areas of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, while the pyrolysis in the middle areas is relatively delayed. Through this spatial arrangement of heaters, a gradient pyrolysis reaction sequence is constructed within the waste photovoltaic panel 40, prioritizing the upper surface over the lower surface and the edge areas over the middle areas. This effectively avoids damage to the solar cells 401 caused by localized overheating. Furthermore, the staged pyrolysis process optimizes the organic gas discharge path, improving the discharge efficiency of pyrolysis products.

[0106] Furthermore, the air inlet 101 is positioned on the axial central axis at the top of the furnace body 10, while the exhaust outlets 102 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the furnace body 10 along this axis. When organic gases are generated during the pyrolysis process, inert gases (such as nitrogen, argon, etc.) are introduced through the air inlet 101. This gas flow passes from top to bottom along the axial central axis over the surface of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, and carries the organic gases to the exhaust outlets 102 on both sides of the furnace body 10 for discharge. Combining the gradient pyrolysis sequence of "upper surface before lower surface, edge region before middle region," the encapsulation film 404 near the upper surface is pyrolyzed first, and its products escape from the outside through the cell splicing seam 402. As the pyrolysis reaction penetrates to the lower surface encapsulation film 404, the organic gases generated at the bottom can migrate upwards and be discharged through the cell splicing seam 402. This tiered exhaust path design, through the synergistic effect of the gradient temperature field and the exhaust structure, significantly reduces the residence time and concentration of organic gases on the surface of the battery cell 401, effectively preventing residue deposition. At the same time, the uniform pyrolysis process and airflow distribution reduce local temperature gradients, thereby suppressing the risk of battery cell 401 cracking caused by thermal stress concentration, ultimately improving the recycling quality and processing efficiency of intact waste battery cells 401.

[0107] like Figure 10-12 As shown, the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed on the support device 30 at an angle θ to the horizontal plane, where 20°≤θ≤45°; for example, θ can be 20°, 25°, 26°, 27°, 28°, 29°, 30°, 31°, 32°, 33°, 34°, 35°, 36°, 37°, 38°, 39°, 40° or 45°.

[0108] It is worth noting that, since the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is a sheet material, simple tooling is required to place the waste photovoltaic panel 40 at an angle of θ on the bearing device 30. For example, an L-shaped sheet tooling can be used to support the waste photovoltaic panel 40 so that the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed at an angle of θ on the bearing device 30. This solution does not limit the specific method and device for placing the waste photovoltaic panel 40 at an angle of θ on the bearing device 30.

[0109] In one alternative approach, multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed parallel to each other on the support device 30 at an angle θ; the multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are arranged in parallel on the support device 30, that is, the waste photovoltaic panels 40 have the same angle θ, which can make the temperature gradient inside the furnace more uniform.

[0110] In one optional way, such as Figure 10 As shown, the distance D4 between two connected waste photovoltaic panels 40 is ≥10cm. The setting of D4 will affect the airflow path inside the furnace. If the distance D4 is too small, it will be detrimental to the exhaust of gas.

[0111] Preferably, 10cm ≤ D4 ≤ 20cm, for example, can be 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm, or 20cm. If D4 is too large, it will affect the loading of waste photovoltaic panels 40 and reduce output. Controlling D4 within the above range will not affect the airflow path inside the furnace, nor will it affect the layout of waste photovoltaic panels 40, thus affecting output efficiency.

[0112] Waste photovoltaic panel 40 is located below heating device 20, and the upper surface of waste photovoltaic panel 40 is either fully aligned with or lower than the bottom of exhaust port 102.

[0113] Specifically, such as Figure 17-19 As shown, the top heater 21 is positioned above the waste photovoltaic panel 40, and through directional thermal radiation, it causes the upper surface of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 closest to the top heater 21 to pyrolyze preferentially; while the lower surface away from the top heater 21 undergoes relatively delayed pyrolysis. The side heaters 22 are symmetrically arranged on the sides of the edge of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, and utilize lateral heat conduction to promote preferential pyrolysis in the edge area of ​​the panel, while the pyrolysis in the middle area is relatively delayed. Thus, a gradient pyrolysis reaction sequence is constructed inside the waste photovoltaic panel, where the "upper surface precedes the lower surface, and the edge area precedes the middle area".

[0114] In conjunction with the aforementioned gradient pyrolysis process, this invention employs a coordinated design of axial central air intake and bilateral symmetrical exhaust in the exhaust system: the air inlet 101 is positioned on the axial central axis at the top of the furnace body 10, and the exhaust outlets 102 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the furnace body 10 along this axis. When organic gases are generated by the pyrolysis reaction, inert gases (such as nitrogen, argon, etc.) are introduced through the air inlet 101. The airflow flows from top to bottom along the axial central axis across the surface of the waste photovoltaic panel 40. Under the combined effect of the tilt angle of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 and the gradient temperature field, the airflow forms a higher velocity and pressure in the upper end and edge areas, preferentially driving the pyrolysis gases in these areas to be discharged. As the pyrolysis process progresses, the upper end and outer side form unobstructed paths first due to the pyrolysis of the adhesive film, providing a low-resistance migration channel for the pyrolysis gases in the lower end and inner areas, significantly reducing the residence time and concentration of organic gases on the surface of the solar cell 401. This invention not only achieves efficient discharge of organic gases, but also balances the internal temperature field of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 by controlling the pyrolysis sequence and airflow distribution, suppressing the risk of cell 401 rupture caused by local thermal stress concentration, and ultimately improving the recycling quality and processing efficiency of the complete waste cell 401.

[0115] In one alternative embodiment, exhaust channels 403 are provided on the front and / or back glass layers 405 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40.

[0116] In one alternative approach, n exhaust channels 403 are formed on the front or back glass layer 405 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40; for example, n exhaust channels 403 can be formed on the front glass layer 405 or the back glass layer 405. n ≥ 1; for example, there can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 exhaust channels 403. Preferably, 2 ≤ n ≤ 5. For example, there can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0117] In one alternative approach, when a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30, n exhaust channels 403 are opened on the front or back glass layer 405 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, where n ≥ 1; preferably, 2 ≤ n ≤ 5.

[0118] In one alternative embodiment, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the support device 30, exhaust channels 403 are provided on the front and / or back glass layers 405 of the waste photovoltaic panels 40.

[0119] In some alternative configurations, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed on the support device 30 at an angle θ to the horizontal plane, both the front and back glass layers 405 of the waste photovoltaic panels 40 are provided with exhaust channels 403; the front glass layer 405 has n exhaust channels 403 and the back glass layer 405 has m exhaust channels 403; n≥1; m≥1; more preferably, 2≤n≤5; 2≤m≤5, for example, it can be 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0120] In some alternative embodiments, the exhaust channel 403 extends along the length of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 and penetrates the glass layer 405, and its axis is parallel to the length of the waste photovoltaic panel 40; or, the exhaust channel 403 extends along the width of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 and penetrates the glass layer 405, and its axis is parallel to the width of the waste photovoltaic panel 40; or, the exhaust channel 403 extends along both the length and width of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 and penetrates the glass layer 405, and its axis is parallel to both the length and width of the waste photovoltaic panel 40.

[0121] In one alternative embodiment, when a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30, the exhaust channel 403 extends along the width direction of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 and penetrates the glass layer 405, with its axis parallel to the width direction of the waste photovoltaic panel 40. Since the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is generally rectangular with an aspect ratio between 1:0.4 and 1:0.6, a length range of 1650mm to 2734mm, and a width range of 992mm to 1134mm, if the exhaust channel 403 is set in the length direction, the exhaust path will be too long, which may affect the exhaust effect. If the exhaust path is set in the width direction, it will be more conducive to the exhaust process.

[0122] In one alternative approach, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed on the supporting device 30 at an angle θ to the horizontal plane, an exhaust channel 403 extends along the length and width directions of the waste photovoltaic panels 40 and penetrates the glass layer 405, with its axis parallel to the length and width directions of the waste photovoltaic panels 40. Specifically, a cross-shaped exhaust channel 403 can be formed on the waste photovoltaic panels 40, meaning that an exhaust channel 403 is set in both the length and width directions. The exhaust channel 403 in the length direction is parallel to the axis of the length direction of the waste photovoltaic panels 40; the exhaust channel 403 in the width direction is parallel to the axis of the width direction of the waste photovoltaic panels 40. Since multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are subsequently placed on the supporting device 30 at an angle θ, setting exhaust channels 403 on both the front and back glass layers 405 of the waste photovoltaic panels 40 further facilitates exhaust.

[0123] In one alternative embodiment, the exhaust channel extends in the same direction as the tilt of the waste photovoltaic panel. Specifically, the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is mounted on the support device 30 at an angle, and the exhaust channel 403 mounted on the glass layer 405 is arranged from top to bottom, with one end close to the heater.

[0124] In one alternative approach, the width D1 of the exhaust channel 403 is ≥ 0.1cm; preferably, the width of the exhaust channel 403 is 0.1cm ≤ D1 ≤ 1cm; for example, it can be 0.1cm, 0.2cm, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm or 1.0cm.

[0125] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 3-6 As shown, when a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30, n exhaust channels 403 are provided on the surface of the front glass of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, n=2, resulting in a waste photovoltaic panel 40 with two exhaust channels 403 on the front glass. The waste photovoltaic panel 40 is spliced ​​together from multiple solar cells 401, with splicing seams 402 formed between the solar cells 401. The front and back of the solar cells 401 are provided with encapsulating films 404. A front glass layer 405 is provided on the encapsulating film 404 on the front of the solar cell 401, and a back glass layer 405 is provided on the encapsulating film 404 on the back of the solar cell 401.

[0126] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 13-16 As shown, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed on the support device 30 at an angle θ with the horizontal plane, n exhaust channels 403 are provided on the surface of the front glass layer 405 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, and m exhaust channels 403 are provided on the back glass layer 405, m=2, n=2, resulting in a waste photovoltaic panel 40 with two exhaust channels 403 on the front glass layer 405 and two exhaust channels 403 on the back glass layer 405.

[0127] When a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30, an exhaust channel 403 is provided on the front or back glass layer 405 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40; such as Figure 7-9 As shown in Figures 8-10, the glass layer 405 with the exhaust channel 403 is positioned towards the heater. Under the action of the gradient temperature field, the encapsulating film 404 in the upper and outer regions of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 preferentially undergoes pyrolysis. The generated organic gases are not only discharged through the cell splice seam 402 but also directionally through the exhaust channel 403. As shown in Figures 8-10, as the pyrolysis reaction continues, after the pyrolysis products of the upper film are discharged with the inert gas, the exhaust channel 403 remains unobstructed, providing a continuous and low-resistance discharge path for the organic gases generated by the pyrolysis of the lower and inner regions of the film, thereby effectively preventing organic gases from remaining on the surface of the cell 401. By combining the gradient temperature field with the exhaust structure, this application not only achieves efficient discharge of organic gases but also significantly reduces the local temperature gradient of the cell 401 by controlling the pyrolysis sequence and airflow distribution, suppressing the risk of cracking caused by thermal stress concentration, and ultimately improving the recycling quality and processing efficiency of the intact waste cell 401.

[0128] When multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed on the support device 30 at an angle θ to the horizontal plane, the waste photovoltaic panels 40 are set on the support device 30 in an inclined manner. The exhaust channel 403 set on the glass layer 405 is arranged from top to bottom, with one end close to the heater and the other end close to the support device. Figure 17-19 As shown, the upper end of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, facing the heater, preferentially undergoes pyrolysis of the adhesive film, forming an exhaust channel 403 that provides a continuous and low-resistance discharge path for the pyrolysis gas from the lower end of the adhesive film. This synergistic mechanism of tiered pyrolysis and directional exhaust reduces the residence time and diffusion probability of organic gases on the surface of the cell 401, while maintaining the unobstructed flow of the exhaust channel 403 to ensure efficient discharge of the pyrolysis gas from the lower end, thereby effectively preventing the condensation and deposition of organic gases on the surface of the cell 401.

[0129] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2-4 , Figure 11-12 As shown, the high-temperature furnace also includes a gas guide pipe 103. The first end of the gas guide pipe 103 is sealed to the exhaust port 102 of the high-temperature furnace to form a closed gas transmission channel, and the second end is arranged in a corresponding manner with the exhaust channel 403 outlet of the waste photovoltaic panel 40.

[0130] The placement of the vent pipe 103 at the outlet of the exhaust channel 403 optimizes the treatment of waste photovoltaic panels 40 through a dual technical effect: on the one hand, the pipe guides the organic gases generated by pyrolysis to be discharged preferentially and efficiently through the exhaust channel 403, significantly improving the gas discharge efficiency; on the other hand, the directional flow reduces the residence time and diffusion probability of organic gases on the surface of the solar cell 401, effectively preventing the organic gases from condensing and depositing residues on the surface of the solar cell 401, and further balancing the heat flux distribution on the surface of the solar cell 401, reducing the degree of local thermal stress concentration, thereby effectively suppressing the risk of cracking of the solar cell 401 caused by thermal stress and improving the recycling quality of the intact solar cell 401.

[0131] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 2-4 As shown, when a single waste photovoltaic panel 40 is placed horizontally on the support device 30, the vent pipes 103 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the exhaust channel 403. Specifically, the vent pipes 103 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the exhaust channel 403. By setting the vent pipes 103 in both sections of the exhaust channel 403, the discharge efficiency of organic gas can be further improved, and the deposition and residue of organic gas on the surface of the solar cell 401 can be reduced.

[0132] In one alternative implementation, such as Figure 11-12As shown, when multiple waste photovoltaic panels 40 are placed on the support device 30 at an angle θ to the horizontal plane, the vent pipe 103 is located near one end of the exhaust channel 403 near the heater. Specifically, the vent pipe 103 is located at one end of the exhaust channel 403 near the heater; by setting the vent pipe 103 in one section of the exhaust channel 403 near the heater, the discharge efficiency of organic gases can be effectively improved, and the deposition and residue of organic gases on the surface of the solar cell 401 can be reduced.

[0133] In one optional embodiment, the distance D2 between the second end of the air guide tube 103 and the edge of the outlet of the exhaust channel 403 satisfies 0.5cm≤D2≤2cm; for example, it can be 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1cm, 1.1cm, 1.2cm, 1.3cm, 1.4cm, 1.5cm, 1.6cm, 1.7cm, 1.8cm, 1.9cm or 2cm.

[0134] In one optional embodiment, the air guide pipe 103 includes an air guide main pipe 1031 and at least one air guide branch pipe 1032. The first end of the air guide main pipe 1031 is sealed and connected to the exhaust port 102, and the second end is connected to the first end of the air guide branch pipe 1032. The second end of the air guide branch pipe 1032 is disposed opposite to the outlet of the exhaust channel 403.

[0135] Preferably, the distance D2 between the second end of the air guide branch pipe 1032 and the edge of the exhaust channel 403 outlet satisfies 0.5cm≤D2≤2cm; for example, it can be 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1cm, 1.1cm, 1.2cm, 1.3cm, 1.4cm, 1.5cm, 1.6cm, 1.7cm, 1.8cm, 1.9cm or 2cm.

[0136] More preferably, the inner diameter D3 of the air guide branch 1032 satisfies 0.5cm≤D3≤1cm. For example, it can be 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm or 1cm.

[0137] The high-temperature furnace provided by this utility model is used for the recycling of waste photovoltaic panels as follows:

[0138] S1: A high-temperature furnace is provided, on which waste photovoltaic panels are placed in the supporting device, with their upper surface flush with or lower than the bottom of the exhaust port; wherein, the high-temperature furnace is the high-temperature furnace described in this utility model.

[0139] S2; Start the heating device to pyrolyze the organic matter on the waste photovoltaic panels, and turn on the exhaust system to discharge the pyrolyzed gas out of the furnace;

[0140] In some alternative methods, the pyrolysis and discharge of organic matter can be achieved by controlling the pressure and temperature inside the furnace.

[0141] In one specific embodiment, before starting the heating device, the pressure inside the furnace chamber can be reduced to ≤0.1mbar; when the starting heating temperature is reached to the pyrolysis temperature of the encapsulating film, for example, when the encapsulating film 404 is EVA, the pyrolysis temperature can be raised to 450 degrees, and the organic gas is discharged through air intake and exhaust to obtain the finally recycled waste photovoltaic panel.

[0142] In some more specific embodiments, the heating device 20 can be activated to heat the high-temperature furnace to 100-200°C, the exhaust can be turned on to maintain the pressure inside the furnace at ≤0.1 mbar, and the pressure can be maintained for 0.5-2 hours.

[0143] Heat the high-temperature furnace to 150-400℃ and hold for 0.3-1 hour;

[0144] Heat the high-temperature furnace to 450℃ and turn on a constant gas flow rate and outlet gas. The gas to be introduced is argon or nitrogen. The gas flow rate is 35 sccm~80 sccm. Maintain the furnace pressure at 400-800 mbar for 0.1-1 hours and then cool it down to 20-50℃.

[0145] S3: After pyrolysis, the processed waste photovoltaic panels are obtained.

[0146] The high-temperature furnace according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to several specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the following description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention in any specific way. Example

[0147] like Figure 1As shown, the high-temperature furnace is a cylindrical furnace body 10, which defines a furnace cavity. A heating device 20 is installed inside the furnace cavity. The heating device 20 includes a top heater 21 and side heaters 22. The top heater 21 is located at the top of the furnace cavity; the side heaters 22 are symmetrically arranged on both sides below the top heater 21; the air inlet 101 is located at the top of the furnace body 10 along the axial central axis; the exhaust outlet 102 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the furnace body 10 along the axial central axis; and the supporting device 30 is installed on the heating device. The top heater 21 and / or side heater 22 are positioned below the furnace body 10 and spaced apart from the bottom. The top heater 21 and / or side heater 22 have a power of 165KW. The top heater 21 is a flat, serpentine heater, and the side heater 22 is a hollow cylindrical heater. The distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 67cm. The distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater 22 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 22cm. The distance between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the side heater 22 is 0cm. The distance d3 between the inner side face of the side heater 22 and the outer side face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 52cm-100cm. The distance between the inner side face of the side heater 22 and the outer side face of the top heater 21 is 0cm.

[0148] It is understandable that, since the side heater 22 is an annular heater and the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is a cuboid, the value of d3 is not a fixed value, but a range value.

[0149] A waste photovoltaic panel 40 is a single unit, which is placed horizontally on the support device 30. The back glass layer 405 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, which has an exhaust channel 403, is placed facing the heater. The upper surface of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is lower than the bottom of the exhaust port 102. The waste photovoltaic panel 40 is composed of 60 solar cells 401, with an overall size of 1650mm×992mm×40mm. EVA encapsulation film 404 is bonded to the front and back respectively. The front encapsulation film covers the front glass layer 405, and the back encapsulation film covers the back glass layer 405.

[0150] Four exhaust channels 403 with a width of 0.5 mm are opened on the back glass layer 405 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40, and the exhaust channels 403 extend along the width direction of the waste photovoltaic panel 40.

[0151] Start the heating device 20 to heat the high-temperature furnace to 120°C, turn on the exhaust to maintain the furnace pressure at 0.1 mbar and keep it for 1 hour;

[0152] Heat the high-temperature furnace to 200°C and maintain the temperature for 0.5 hours;

[0153] The high-temperature furnace was heated to 450°C, and the gas inlet and outlet were turned on. The gas inlet was argon, the gas inlet rate was 35 sccm, and the furnace pressure was maintained at 600 mbar for 0.5 hours. Then the temperature was reduced to 50°C.

[0154] The furnace was opened, and 40 waste photovoltaic panels were obtained.

[0155] Visually inspect the solar cells for any residue or damage, and count the number of cells with residue and those that are damaged. Calculate the percentage of cells with residue and the percentage of damaged cells.

[0156] Wherein: Residual adhesive cell ratio = Residual adhesive cells × 100% / Total number of single cells; Damaged cells 401 = Damaged cells × 100% / Total number of single cells.

[0157] Visual inspection and calculation show that the proportion of residual adhesive battery cells in Example 1 is 10%; the proportion of damaged battery cells is 6.7%. Example

[0158] The difference from Example 1 is as follows:

[0159] The high-temperature furnace also includes a gas guide pipe 103, which includes a main gas guide pipe 1031 and gas guide branch pipes 1032. Two main gas guide pipes 1031 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the exhaust channels 403 of the high-temperature furnace. Each main gas guide pipe 1031 is provided with four gas guide branch pipes 1032. The four gas guide branch pipes 1032 are arranged with their first end sealed and connected to the main gas guide pipe 1031, and their second end is arranged opposite to the outlet of the four exhaust channels 403 on the same side as the waste photovoltaic panel 40. The distance D2 between the second end of the gas guide branch pipe 1032 and the edge of the outlet of the exhaust channel 403 is 0.5cm, and the inner diameter D3 of the gas guide branch pipe 1032 is 0.5cm.

[0160] Figure 20-21 The figures show the front and back views of the complete solar cell 401 obtained after Example 2. As can be seen from the figures, the solar cell 401 of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is complete after being processed by the preparation method of Example 2 of this utility model.

[0161] It is worth noting that, Figure 20 There are some black substances on the surface of the blue battery cell 401. These are due to the influence of electrical performance during the use of the battery cell 401, such as current breakdown, which causes the surface of the battery cell 401 to turn black. They are not residual adhesive.

[0162] Visual inspection and calculation show that the proportion of residual adhesive battery cells in Example 2 is 0%; the proportion of damaged battery cells is 0%. Example

[0163] refer to Figure 11-12The high-temperature furnace is a cylindrical furnace body 10, which defines a furnace cavity. A heating device 20 is installed inside the furnace cavity. The heating device 20 includes a top heater 21 and side heaters 22. The top heater 21 is located at the top of the furnace cavity; the side heaters 22 are symmetrically arranged on both sides below the top heater 21. An air inlet 101 is located at the top of the furnace body 10 along the axial central axis; an exhaust outlet 102 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the furnace body 10 along the axial central axis; and a support device 30 is located below the heating device 20. The top heater 21 and / or side heater 22 are spaced apart from the bottom of the furnace body 10; the power of the top heater 21 and / or side heater 22 is 165KW; the top heater 21 is a flat serpentine heater, and the side heater 22 is a hollow cylindrical heater; the distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 17.5cm; the distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater 22 and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is -15.5cm; the distance between the lower end face of the top heater 21 and the upper end face of the side heater 22 is 0cm; the distance d3 between the inner side face of the side heater 22 and the outer side face of the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is 52cm-100cm; the distance between the inner side face of the side heater 22 and the outer side face of the top heater 21 is 0cm;

[0164] It is understandable that, since the side heater 22 is an annular heater and the waste photovoltaic panel 40 is a cuboid, the value of d3 is not a fixed value, but a range value.

[0165] Three waste photovoltaic panels 40 are used, each with overall dimensions of 1650mm × 992mm × 40mm. The three panels 40 are placed at a 30° angle to the horizontal plane on the supporting device 30, with the width direction of each panel 40 also at a 30° angle. The distance D4 between adjacent panels 40 is 10cm. The panels 40 are positioned below the heater, with one end of the exhaust channel 403 near the heater and the other end near the supporting device 30. The upper surface of each panel 40 is lower than the bottom of the exhaust port 102. Four 0.5mm wide exhaust channels 403 are formed on the front glass layer 405 of each panel 40, extending along the width direction of the panel 40. Similarly, four 0.5mm wide exhaust channels 403 are formed on the back glass layer 405, also extending along the width direction of the panel 40.

[0166] Start the heating device 20 to heat the high-temperature furnace to 120°C, turn on the exhaust to maintain the furnace pressure at 0.1 mbar and keep it for 1 hour;

[0167] Heat the high-temperature furnace to 200°C and maintain the temperature for 0.5 hours;

[0168] The high-temperature furnace was heated to 450°C, and the gas inlet and outlet were turned on. The gas inlet was argon, the gas inlet rate was 35 sccm, and the furnace pressure was maintained at 600 mbar for 0.5 hours. Then the temperature was reduced to 50°C.

[0169] The furnace was opened, and 40 waste photovoltaic panels were obtained.

[0170] Visually inspect the solar cells for any residue or damage, and count the number of cells with residue and those that are damaged. Calculate the percentage of cells with residue and the percentage of damaged cells.

[0171] Wherein: Residual adhesive cell ratio = Residual adhesive cells × 100% / Total number of single cells; Damaged cells 401 = Damaged cells × 100% / Total number of single cells.

[0172] Visual inspection and calculation show that the proportion of residual adhesive in the battery cells in Example 3 is 12.5%; the proportion of damaged battery cells is 7.5%. Example

[0173] The difference from Example 3 is that:

[0174] The high-temperature furnace also includes a gas guide pipe 103, which includes a main gas guide pipe 1031 and gas guide branch pipes 1032. Two main gas guide pipes 1031 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the exhaust channels 403 of the high-temperature furnace. Each main gas guide pipe 1031 is provided with eight gas guide branch pipes 1032. The eight gas guide branch pipes 1032 are arranged with their first end sealed and connected to the main gas guide pipe 1031. The second section is arranged opposite to the outlet of the eight exhaust channels 403 on the two waste photovoltaic panels 40. The distance D2 between the second end of the gas guide branch pipe 1032 and the edge of the outlet of the exhaust channel 403 is 0.5cm, and the inner diameter D3 of the gas guide branch pipe 1032 is 0.5cm.

[0175] Visual inspection and calculation show that the proportion of residual adhesive battery cells in Example 4 is 3.3%; the proportion of damaged battery cells is 2.5%.

[0176] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0177] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0178] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0179] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-temperature furnace for recycling waste photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, include: Furnace body, defining the furnace cavity; A heating device, located inside the furnace cavity, includes a top heater and side heaters symmetrically located on both sides below it. A support device is located below the heating device and spaced apart from the bottom of the furnace body; The air inlet is located on the axial center axis of the top of the furnace body; The exhaust ports are symmetrically located on both sides of the upper part of the furnace body along the axial center axis. In this arrangement, a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the supporting device, or multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the supporting device, where 20°≤θ≤45°, and the upper surface of the waste photovoltaic panel is flush with or lower than the bottom of the exhaust port.

2. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power of the top heater and / or the side heater is 120-200KW; and / or, When a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the supporting device; The distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is 40cm-80cm; and / or, The distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is -10cm to 65cm; and / or, The distance between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the side heater is -10cm to -10cm; and / or, The distance d3 between the inner side of the side heater and the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel is 40cm-120cm; and / or, The distance between the inner surface of the side heater and the outer surface of the top heater is -10cm to -10cm; and / or, or, When multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the supporting device... The spacing between two adjacent waste photovoltaic panels is 5cm ≤ D4 ≤ 10cm; and / or, The distance d1 between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is 10cm-30cm; and / or, The distance d2 between the lower end face of the side heater and the upper end face of the waste photovoltaic panel is -40cm to 35cm; and / or, The distance between the lower end face of the top heater and the upper end face of the side heater is -10cm to -10cm; and / or, The distance d3 between the inner side of the side heater and the outer side of the waste photovoltaic panel is 40cm-80cm; and / or, The distance between the inner side of the side heater and the outer side of the top heater is -10cm to -10cm.

3. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste photovoltaic panel includes a solar panel, and the front and back of the solar panel are provided with an encapsulating film. The front encapsulating film is provided with a front glass, and the back encapsulating film is provided with a back glass.

4. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, The waste photovoltaic panel has exhaust channels on the front and / or back glass layers.

5. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, When a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the supporting device, the exhaust channel is provided on the front or back glass layer of the waste photovoltaic panel; or When multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the supporting device, the exhaust channels are provided on the front and / or back glass layers of the waste photovoltaic panels.

6. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The exhaust channel extends along the length and / or width of the waste photovoltaic panel and penetrates the glass layer, and its axis is parallel to the length and / or width of the waste photovoltaic panel; and / or, the width D1 of the exhaust channel is ≥ 0.1 cm.

7. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that, When a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the supporting device, the exhaust channel extends along the width direction of the waste photovoltaic panel and penetrates the glass layer, with its axis parallel to the width direction; or, When multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the supporting device, the exhaust channel extends along the length and width directions of the waste photovoltaic panels and penetrates the glass layer, and its axis is parallel to the length and width directions of the waste photovoltaic panels; and / or, the extension direction of the exhaust channel is consistent with the tilt direction of the waste photovoltaic panels.

8. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-temperature furnace also includes a gas guide pipe, the first end of which is sealed and connected to the exhaust port, and the second end of which is positioned opposite to the outlet of the exhaust channel.

9. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that, When a single waste photovoltaic panel is placed horizontally on the supporting device; the air guide pipes are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the exhaust channel; or, When multiple waste photovoltaic panels are placed at an angle θ to the horizontal plane on the supporting device, the air guide pipe is located near one end of the exhaust channel of the heater.

10. The high-temperature furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that, The air guide pipe includes a main air guide pipe and at least one branch air guide pipe. The first end of the main air guide pipe is sealed and connected to the exhaust port, and the second end is connected to the first end of the branch air guide pipe. The second end of the branch air guide pipe is positioned opposite to the outlet of the exhaust channel. And / or, the distance D2 between the second end of the branch air guide pipe and the edge of the exhaust channel outlet satisfies 0.5cm≤D2≤2cm. And / or, the inner diameter D3 of the branch air guide pipe satisfies 0.5cm≤D3≤1cm.

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