A microplastic and heavy metal co-migration experimental device
By designing an experimental device for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals, the migration process of microplastics and heavy metals in soil was simulated, solving the problem of studying the co-migration mechanism in the soil environment and providing an effective theoretical basis for prevention and control.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHENGDU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively study the co-migration mechanisms of microplastics and heavy metals in soil, resulting in a lack of theoretical basis for the prevention and control of soil environmental pollution.
Design an experimental device for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals, including a vertical cylinder, a sand and gravel filter layer, a flow equalizer, a pump, a collector, etc., to simulate the migration process of microplastics and heavy metals in soil. The flow rate is controlled by a digital display constant flow pump, and the sample liquid is collected and analyzed using a collector.
The migration process of microplastics and heavy metals in saturated porous media was simulated, revealing the co-migration mechanism and providing a theoretical basis for pollution control. The operation is simple and low-cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN224535717U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil environment simulation test technology, and in particular to an experimental device for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals. Background Technology
[0002] Microplastics, as a new type of pollutant, are widely distributed in various environments, affecting soil properties and plant growth. Furthermore, microplastics can easily enter the human body through the food chain, causing serious harm. Microplastic pollution has become a major environmental problem threatening ecosystem health. Heavy metals are characterized by high toxicity, persistence, difficulty in degradation, and easy accumulation. Currently, with industrial and agricultural development, large amounts of heavy metals are entering the soil directly or indirectly, seriously damaging soil environmental health. They can also enter the human body through the food chain, causing significant damage to human organs.
[0003] Microplastic transport in porous media is a prevalent environmental behavior in terrestrial ecosystems. Microplastic transport can pose multiple threats to environmental and ecological security. On the one hand, microplastic surfaces can load pollutants such as heavy metals, expanding the spatial transport range of pollutants. On the other hand, heavy metal ions can also alter the colloidal particle size and surface charge of microplastics through ion-microplastic surface complexation, affecting the stability and flowability of microplastics during transport.
[0004] Soil is a complex porous medium that is influenced by a variety of factors in its surface environment, such as rainfall, material composition, microorganisms, animals, and pore water. Studying the co-migration mechanism of microplastics and heavy metals in soil under natural conditions has certain limitations, lacks reproducibility, and is uncontrollable. Therefore, developing an experimental method and device for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals to reveal the transport mechanism of microplastics and heavy metals in saturated porous media can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of synergistic pollution by microplastics and heavy metals. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing a microplastic heavy metal co-migration experimental device.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is: an experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals, comprising:
[0007] The simulation device includes a vertically arranged cylinder and a sand and gravel filter layer arranged inside the cylinder. The top of the cylinder has an inlet and the bottom has an outlet.
[0008] The flow equalization device is located directly above the inlet;
[0009] The pump has its outlet end connected to the flow equalizer and its inlet end connected to a stirring container, which is used to pump the solution in the stirring container to the flow equalizer at a uniform speed.
[0010] Furthermore, the outlet is provided with a collector for collecting the solution flowing out of the outlet.
[0011] Furthermore, the collector is located below the outlet and includes a vertically arranged support column, a rotating cylinder rotatably sleeved on the support column, and a plurality of collection test tubes evenly spaced on the rotating cylinder around the support column along the axis. When the rotating cylinder rotates around the axis, the plurality of collection test tubes can pass through the outlet in sequence.
[0012] Furthermore, the lower end of the rotating drum is provided with an annular support plate, and multiple slots are evenly arranged on the support plate, with the collection test tube placed in the slots.
[0013] Furthermore, a positioning disc is also provided on the rotating cylinder above the tray, and multiple positioning holes corresponding to multiple tray slots are provided on the edge of the positioning disc.
[0014] Furthermore, filter screens are provided at both the bottom and top of the sand and gravel filter layer.
[0015] Furthermore, the pump is a digital display constant flow pump.
[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a vertically arranged support rod and a base disposed at the bottom of the support rod, wherein the cylinder and the flow equalization component are both disposed on the support rod, and the collector is disposed above the base.
[0017] Furthermore, along the axial direction, a first clamping member and a second clamping member are slidably disposed on the support rod. The second clamping member is clamped and fixedly engaged with the cylinder body, and the first clamping member is clamped and fixedly engaged with the flow equalization member.
[0018] The microplastic heavy metal co-migration experimental device disclosed in this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0019] 1. The microplastic and heavy metal co-migration test device provided in this application can simulate the migration process of microplastics and heavy metals in saturated porous media, which helps to reveal the mechanism of microplastic and heavy metal co-migration and can provide a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and control of synergistic pollution of microplastics and heavy metals.
[0020] 2. This invention has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost and high efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental device for co-migration of heavy metals in microplastics according to this utility model.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to this utility model. Figure 1 .
[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cylinder in the experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to this utility model.
[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the collector in the experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to this utility model.
[0025] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to this utility model. Figure 2 .
[0026] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the collector in the experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to this utility model.
[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the clamping collar and the second arm in one embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.
[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second arm in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 .
[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second arm in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .
[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping ring structure in one embodiment of the present invention.
[0032] In the diagram: 1. Stirring container; 2. Pump; 3. Flow equalizer; 31. Pipe; 4. Cylinder; 40. Inlet; 41. Outlet; 42. Filter screen; 44. Sand and gravel filter layer; 5. Collector; 50. Support; 501. Support base; 502. Rotating drum; 503. Pallet; 504. Positioning plate; 505. Positioning hole; 506. Slot; 507. Support column; 51. Collection test tube; 6. Support rod; 60. First clamping component; 601. First arm; 602. First set; 6 03. First locking element; 604. Connecting sleeve; 605. Locking screw; 61. Second clamping element; 610. Second arm; 6101. Slot; 6102. Threaded hole; 6103. Insertion hole; 611. Second set; 612. Second locking element; 613. Clamping collar; 6130. Connecting arm; 6131. Insertion block; 6132. Insertion post; 6133. Groove; 62. Base; 63. Limiting arm; 630. Protrusion; 64. Threaded rod; 65. Compression spring. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present invention.
[0034] Please refer to Figure 1-6 The technical solution of this utility model is: an experimental device for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals, comprising:
[0035] The simulation device includes a vertically arranged cylinder 4 and a sand and gravel filter layer 44 arranged inside the cylinder 4. The top of the cylinder 4 is provided with an inlet 40 and the bottom is provided with an outlet 41.
[0036] The flow equalization component 3 is positioned directly above the inlet 40;
[0037] Pump 2 has its outlet end connected to the flow equalizer 3 and its inlet end connected to a stirring container 1, which is used to pump the solution in the stirring container 1 to the flow equalizer 3 at a uniform speed.
[0038] Specifically, in practical applications, the mixing container 1 uses a measuring cup in conjunction with a magnetic stirrer for stirring; the flow equalizer 3 uses a jet head; the pump 2 uses a flow equalizer pump; and the cylinder 4 is made of glass, with a bottom and an open top. An outlet 41 is located at the bottom, and the open top opening is the inlet 40. (See reference...) Figures 1-5During operation, the cylinder 4 is vertically fixed, with its lower end spaced a certain distance from the workbench. The flow equalizer 3 is positioned directly above the cylinder 4, connected to the pump 2 via a pipe 31. The other end of the pump 2 is connected to the mixing container 1. A sand and gravel filter layer 44 is installed inside the cylinder 4 to simulate soil. To ensure the effectiveness of the simulation experiment, the sand and gravel filter layer 44 uses pre-treated quartz sand. The treatment process for the quartz sand is as follows: the particle size range of the quartz sand used in the experiment is 20 to 50 mesh. The quartz sand is first ultrasonically cleaned for 10 minutes, and then soaked in 0... After soaking in 0.1M NaOH solution for 24 hours, the sand was cleaned three times in an ultrasonic cleaning tank with distilled water. Then, it was soaked in 0.1M NO3 solution for 24 hours, and then cleaned three times in an ultrasonic cleaning tank with distilled water. The cleaned quartz sand was dried in an oven at 105℃ and cooled to obtain the sand to be used. After obtaining the sand, about 50g of quartz sand was wet-filled into cylinder 4 in a small single filling amount. The quartz sand column was gently tapped with a glass rod to expel the trapped air. The average porosity of the quartz sand column (the ratio of the pore volume of the sand column to the total volume) was about 0.44.
[0039] Furthermore, the steps for conducting experiments using the experimental apparatus provided in this application are as follows:
[0040] S1. Prepare a solution containing microplastics and heavy metals.
[0041] Weigh 2g of polyethylene microplastics with a particle size of 2µm and add them to a beaker containing 1L of distilled water. Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer and stir to obtain a homogeneous microplastic suspension. While stirring, add 0.1g of CdCl2 and 0.585g of NaCl. Adjust the initial pH of the suspension to 6.0±0.3 with 0.1mol / L NaOH and 0.1mol / L HCl.
[0042] S2. Co-migration test of microplastics and heavy metals: 70 ml of 0.01 mL NaCl background solution was used to pre-equilibrate the sand filter layer 44. Microplastics and composite liquid were pumped into the flow equalizer 3 at a flow rate of 1 mL / min under magnetic stirring. The flow equalizer 3 flowed down to the sand filter layer 44. The composite liquid flowed out from the outlet 41 after passing through the sand filter layer 44. The liquid flowing out from the outlet 41 was collected and analyzed for microplastics and heavy metals.
[0043] In the actual test, the eluent was collected every 5 mL. The collected sample was stored in a 4°C refrigerator or immediately analyzed for microplastics and heavy metals.
[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in this invention can be obtained by conventional methods in the art or purchased as commercial products. At the same time, the steps in the method that are not specifically limited can be performed according to conventional steps in the art.
[0045] The microplastic-heavy metal co-migration test device provided in this application can simulate the migration process of microplastics and heavy metals in saturated porous media, which helps to reveal the mechanism of microplastic-heavy metal co-migration and can provide a certain theoretical basis for the synergistic pollution control of microplastics and heavy metals.
[0046] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, refer to Figures 1-6 The outlet 41 is equipped with a collector 5, which is used to collect the solution flowing out of the outlet 41. Specifically, by providing a collector 5 at the outlet 41, the convenience of collection is improved by collecting the solution flowing out of the outlet 41.
[0047] Furthermore, as a specific implementation, the collector 5 has the following specific structure: (Refer to...) Figure 4 , Figure 6 The collector 5 is located below the outlet 41 and includes a vertically arranged support column 507, a rotating cylinder 502 rotatably sleeved on the support column 507, and a plurality of collection test tubes 51 evenly spaced on the rotating cylinder 502 around the support column 507. When the rotating cylinder 502 rotates around the axis, the plurality of collection test tubes 51 can pass through the outlet 41 in sequence.
[0048] Specifically, the support column 507 is connected to the support base 501, and the rotating cylinder 502 rotates in conjunction with the support column 507. The collection tubes 51 are evenly spaced around the support column 507. In use, the support column 507 is placed below the cylinder 4, and one collection tube 51 is positioned directly below the outlet 41. Liquid is collected through the collection tubes 51. When 5ml of liquid is collected in one collection tube 51, the rotating cylinder 502 can be rotated so that the next collection tube 51 is positioned directly below the outlet 41 for collection again. This allows for multiple collections, and the collected liquids can be tested separately to improve the authenticity of the experiment.
[0049] Furthermore, as a specific implementation method, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 6 The lower end of the rotating drum 502 is provided with an annular support plate 503, and multiple slots 506 are evenly arranged on the support plate 503. The collection test tube 51 is disposed in the slots 506. Specifically, the support plate 503 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating drum 502. By providing slots 506 on the support plate 503, the collection test tube 51 can be inserted into the slots 506 for positioning, which facilitates the placement and removal of the collection test tube 51.
[0050] Furthermore, as a specific implementation method, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 6Located above the tray 503, the rotating drum 502 is also equipped with a positioning disk 504. The edge of the positioning disk 504 is provided with multiple positioning holes 505 corresponding to multiple trays 506. By positioning the positioning disk 504 at intervals from the tray 503, and providing positioning holes 505 on the positioning disk 504, the collection tube 51 can pass through the positioning holes 505 and its lower end is placed in the tray 506. The inner sidewall of the positioning hole 505 positions the collection tube 51, improving the stability of the collection tube 51. In a specific embodiment, the positioning disk 504 is integrally formed with the rotating drum 502.
[0051] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, refer to Figure 3 Inside the pipe body 31, filter screens 42 are installed at both the bottom and top of the sand and gravel filter layer 44. Specifically, the filter screens 42 are made of nylon mesh with a pore size of 50µm. By installing filter screens 42 at both the bottom and top of the sand and gravel filter layer 44, it is possible to prevent sand and gravel from flowing out from the bottom outlet 41. On the other hand, installing filter screens 42 at the top of the sand and gravel filter layer 44 can reduce the impact force of the liquid flowing down from above on the sand and gravel filter layer 44, ensuring the integrity of the sand and gravel filter layer 44 and ensuring the filtration effect of the sand and gravel filter layer 44.
[0052] Furthermore, the pump 2 is a digital display constant flow pump. In a specific embodiment, the pump 2 in this application is a digital display constant flow pump. A digital display constant flow pump facilitates flow rate control and improves experimental results. The model of the digital display constant flow pump can be any one of HL-1D, HL-2B, HL-300B, and HL-2D.
[0053] Furthermore, as a specific implementation method, refer to Figures 1-5 The test apparatus also includes a vertically arranged support rod 6 and a base 62 disposed at the bottom of the support rod 6. The cylinder 4 and the flow equalizer 3 are both disposed on the support rod 6, and the collector 5 is disposed above the base 62.
[0054] Specifically, by setting the base 62 and the support rod 6, the cylinder 4 and the flow equalizer 3 are placed on the support rod 6, and the collector 5 is placed on the base 62. The whole structure is more compact and more conducive to the experiment.
[0055] Further, as a specific implementation, a first clamping member 60 and a second clamping member 61 are slidably disposed on the support rod 6 along the axial direction. The second clamping member 61 is clamped and fixedly engaged with the cylinder 4, and the first clamping member 60 is clamped and fixedly engaged with the flow equalizer 3. Specifically, refer to... Figure 2 , Figure 5The base 62 is a rigid plate, and the support rod 6 is set at one end of the plate. The rod has a cylindrical structure. The first clamping member 60 includes a first set 602 that slides with the rod. The first set 602 is provided with a first locking member 603. The first set 602 can slide with the rod. The first locking member 603 is a screw, which can lock and release the first set 602 with the rod by rotating the screw. The first set 602 is connected to a first arm 601. The end of the first arm 601 is provided with a connecting sleeve 604. The tube 31 can extend into the connecting sleeve 604. The side wall of the connecting sleeve 604 is provided with a locking screw 605, which locks the tube 31. The spray head is set at the lower end of the tube 31. With this arrangement, the flow equalizer 3 can be adjusted up and down, so as to adjust the position according to actual needs. The second clamping member 61 includes a second set 611 that slides and guides the support rod 6. The second set 611 is connected to a second arm 610. The end of the second arm 610 is provided with a clamping collar 613. The clamping collar 613 clamps and fixes the cylinder 4. The second set 611 is provided with a second locking member 612, which is a screw provided on the side wall of the second set 611. The screw can lock and release the second set 611 and the support rod 6. With this arrangement, the position of the cylinder 4 can be adjusted.
[0056] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, refer to Figures 7-11 In practical applications, to facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the sand and gravel filter layer 44 on the cylinder 4, a slot 6101 is provided at the end of the second arm 610. A connecting arm 6130 is integrally welded onto the clamping ring. The end of the connecting arm 6130 is provided with a plug-in block that engages with the slot 6101. The axial dimension of the plug-in block 6131 on the clamping ring 613 is equal to the dimension of the slot 6101. Along the axial direction of the second sleeve 611, the bottom of the slot 6101 penetrates the second arm 610 and is provided with a plug-in hole 6103. The plug-in block 6131 is provided with a plug-in post 6132 that engages with the plug-in hole. (See reference...) Figure 7 The clamping ring 613 can be inserted into the slot 6101 via the insertion block 6131, and simultaneously the insertion post 6132 is inserted into the insertion hole 6103. The bottom surface of the slot 6101 provides vertical upward support to the clamping ring, and radial limiting is achieved through the insertion of the insertion post and the insertion hole 6103. A groove 6133 is provided on the top of the insertion block, and a threaded hole 6102 is provided on the second arm. The threaded hole is threadedly connected to a threaded rod 64, and a limiting arm 63 is also included. One end of the limiting arm is provided with a through hole for the threaded rod to pass through, and the other end is provided with a protrusion 630. (See reference) Figure 8When the threaded rod is threaded into the threaded hole 6102 and screwed to the bottom of the threaded hole, a section of the upper end of the threaded rod is exposed, and an end cap is provided at the end. A compression spring 65 is sleeved around the exposed section of the upper end of the threaded rod. One end of the compression spring 65 abuts against the limiting arm 63, and the other end abuts against the end cap of the threaded rod 64, thereby applying downward pressure to the limiting arm. With this arrangement, the limiting arm 63 can rotate around the threaded rod. When the end with the protrusion 630 rotates to the top of the connecting arm and corresponds to the groove 6133, the protrusion can... Insert into the groove to press and limit the connecting arm. When it is necessary to remove the cylinder from the support rod 6 to replace the internal sand and gravel, the limiting arms 63 on the two first arms can be rotated to move the limiting arms away from the top of the connecting arm. At this time, by holding the cylinder 4 and moving it upward, the clamping collar 613 is clamped to the cylinder, which can drive the connecting arm 6130 to move upward together, so that the plug block 6131 can be pulled out from the slot 6101. At this time, the sand and gravel can be replaced and the cylinder can be reinstalled on the rod support rod 6, which makes it easier to use.
[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.
Claims
1. An experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals, characterized in that, include: The simulation device includes a vertically arranged cylinder (4) and a sand and gravel filter layer (44) arranged inside the cylinder (4). The top of the cylinder (4) is provided with an inlet (40) and the bottom is provided with an outlet (41). A flow equalizer (3) is positioned directly above the inlet (40); The pump (2) has its outlet end connected to the flow equalizer (3) and its inlet end connected to a stirring container (1), which is used to pump the solution in the stirring container (1) to the flow equalizer (3) at a uniform speed.
2. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet (41) is provided with a collector (5) for collecting the solution flowing out of the outlet (41).
3. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 2, characterized in that, The collector (5) is located below the outlet (41) and includes a vertically arranged support column (507), a rotating cylinder (502) rotatably sleeved on the support column (507), and a plurality of collection test tubes (51) evenly spaced on the rotating cylinder (502) around the support column (507). When the rotating cylinder (502) rotates around the axis, the plurality of collection test tubes (51) can pass through the outlet (41) in sequence.
4. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the rotating drum (502) is provided with an annular support plate (503), and multiple slots (506) are evenly arranged on the support plate (503). The collection tube (51) is placed in the slot (506).
5. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 4, characterized in that, Above the tray (503), the rotating drum (502) is also provided with a positioning disk (504), and the edge of the positioning disk (504) is provided with a plurality of positioning holes (505) corresponding to a plurality of trays (506).
6. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filter screen (42) is provided at both the bottom and top of the sand and gravel filter layer (44).
7. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pump (2) is a digital display constant flow pump.
8. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a vertically arranged support rod (6) and a base (62) set at the bottom of the support rod (6). The cylinder (4) and the flow equalizer (3) are both set on the support rod (6), and the collector (5) is set above the base (62).
9. The experimental apparatus for the co-migration of microplastics and heavy metals according to claim 8, characterized in that, Along the axial direction, a first clamping member (60) and a second clamping member (61) are slidably arranged on the support rod (6). The second clamping member (61) is clamped and fixedly engaged with the cylinder (4), and the first clamping member (60) is clamped and fixedly engaged with the flow equalizer (3).