A high proton conductivity proton exchange membrane

Abstract

The utility model mainly relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane, specifically relates to a high quality proton conductivity proton exchange membrane, and the proton exchange membrane is the integrated multilayer structure from the anode side to the cathode side, and sequentially includes: the nanometer porous dense selection layer of anode side, its surface is equipped with a plurality of nanometer level pore; The micrometer porous water storage layer of cathode side, its surface is equipped with micrometer level pore; And the gradient porous transition layer between nanometer porous dense selection layer and micrometer porous water storage layer, its surface is equipped with the transition pore that changes in gradient, and the transition pore aperture gradually increases from the side close to nanometer porous dense selection layer to the micrometer porous water storage layer side; After water is absorbed and stored by micrometer level pore of cathode side, directional diffusion to nanometer level pore of anode side through the transition pore of aperture gradient change, the structure ensures the smooth, uniform and slow delivery of moisture, avoids local swelling, maintains the porosity of the wet, makes the proton conductivity stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model mainly relates to the field of proton exchange membrane technology, specifically to a proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity. Background Technology

[0002] Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are core components of electrochemical devices such as hydrogen fuel cells and water electrolysis for hydrogen production. Their function is to conduct protons and isolate fuel and oxidant. High-performance PEMs require high proton conductivity, good chemical and mechanical stability, and low gas permeability.

[0003] Currently, commercially available perfluorosulfonic acid membranes are the most widely used homogeneous proton exchange membranes. They exhibit excellent proton conductivity under fully wetted conditions. However, these homogeneous membranes have inherent drawbacks due to their uniform pore size: firstly, proton conduction is highly dependent on the continuous hydrated ion cluster network within the membrane, resulting in a single transport path; secondly, in high-water-content environments, the membrane undergoes excessive swelling, leading to decreased dimensional stability, reduced mechanical strength, and even affecting its bonding with the electrode catalyst layer; thirdly, under low humidity or high-temperature conditions, rapid water loss from the membrane causes a sharp drop in proton conductivity, severely limiting the performance and durability of fuel cells under actual operating conditions such as variable loads and start-stop cycles. Utility Model Content

[0004] 1. The technical problem to be solved by the utility model: This invention provides a proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity to solve the technical problems existing in the background art.

[0005] 2. Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is: a high proton conductivity proton exchange membrane, wherein the proton exchange membrane is an integrated multilayer structure from the anode side to the cathode side, comprising, in sequence: The anode side has a nanoporous dense selective layer with several nanoscale pores on its surface; The cathode side has a micron-sized porous water storage layer with micron-sized pores on its surface; A gradient porous transition layer is provided between the nanoporous dense selective layer and the microporous water storage layer, and its surface is provided with transition channels with a gradient change. The pore size of the transition channels gradually increases from the side closer to the nanoporous dense selective layer to the side closer to the microporous water storage layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the gradient porous transition layer contains several vertically oriented one-dimensional nanoproton conductors.

[0007] Furthermore, the pore size of the nanoscale channels is 1-10 nanometers; The diameter of the micron-sized channels is 0.1-2 micrometers; The pore size of the transition channel increases from 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers from the side near the nanoporous dense selective layer to the side of the micron porous water storage layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the thickness of the nanoporous dense selective layer accounts for 10%-20% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane; The thickness of the micron-sized porous water storage layer accounts for 40%-50% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane; The thickness of the gradient porous transition layer accounts for 20%-30% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner surfaces of the nanoscale channels, microscale channels, and transition channels are all modified with hydrophilic functional groups or water-absorbing inorganic nanoparticles.

[0010] 3. Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects: Water on the cathode side is rapidly absorbed and stored by micron-sized pores. The stored water diffuses directionally from the cathode side to the anode side into the nano-sized pores through transition pores with varying pore sizes. The transition pores ensure smooth and uniform water transport, avoid local excessive swelling, and can slowly transport water, maintaining the wettability of the gradient porous transition layer and the nanoporous dense selective layer, ensuring that the proton conductivity does not drop sharply. Furthermore, due to the extremely small pore size of the nano-sized pores, on the one hand, the excessive loss of water molecules to the anode is slowed down, and on the other hand, its dense structure effectively blocks the cross-penetration of hydrogen and oxygen, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0012] Figure label: 1. Nanoporous dense selective layer; 101. Nanoscale pores; 2. Micrometer porous water storage layer; 201. Micrometer-scale pores; 3. Gradient porous transition layer; 301. Transition pores; 302. One-dimensional nanoproton conductor. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To facilitate understanding of this utility model, a more comprehensive description of the utility model will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show several embodiments of the utility model. However, the utility model can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the utility model will be more thorough and complete.

[0014] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "page", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0015] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0016] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "equipped with" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances. Example

[0017] See attached document Figure 1 A high proton conductivity proton exchange membrane, wherein the proton exchange membrane is an integrated multilayer structure from the anode side to the cathode side, comprising, in sequence: The anode side has a nanoporous dense selective layer 1 with a number of nanoscale pores 101 on its surface; The cathode-side micron-porous water storage layer 2 has micron-scale channels 201 on its surface; And a gradient porous transition layer 3 is provided between the nanoporous dense selective layer 1 and the microporous water storage layer 2, the surface of which is provided with a gradient transition channel 301, the pore size of the transition channel 301 gradually increases from the side closer to the nanoporous dense selective layer 1 to the side closer to the microporous water storage layer 2. In this embodiment, water on the cathode side is rapidly absorbed and stored by the micron-sized pores 201. The stored water diffuses directionally from the cathode side to the anode side into the nano-sized pores 101 through the transition pores 301 with a pore size gradient. The transition pores 301 ensure smooth and uniform water transport, avoid local excessive swelling, and can slowly transport water to maintain the wettability of the gradient porous transition layer 3 and the nanoporous dense selective layer 1, ensuring that the proton conductivity does not drop sharply. Furthermore, due to the extremely small pore size of the nano-sized pores 101, on the one hand, it slows down the excessive loss of water molecules to the anode, and on the other hand, its dense structure effectively blocks the cross-permeation of hydrogen and oxygen, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the battery.

[0018] The gradient porous transition layer 3 contains several vertically oriented one-dimensional nanoproton conductors 302 embedded inside.

[0019] In this embodiment, the one-dimensional nanoproton conductor 302 can be made of sulfonated titanium oxide nanowires, imidazole-functionalized carbon nanotubes, etc. The one-dimensional nanoproton conductor 302 provides a directional channel through the film layer, which greatly improves the transmission efficiency of protons along the thickness direction and realizes the anisotropy optimization of conduction.

[0020] The pore size of the nano-sized channels 101 is 1-10 nanometers; The pore size of the micron-sized channel 201 is 0.1-2 micrometers; The pore size of the transition channel 301 increases from 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers from the side near the nanoporous dense selective layer 1 to the side of the micron porous water storage layer 2.

[0021] The thickness of the nanoporous dense selective layer 1 accounts for 10%-20% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane; The thickness of the micron-sized porous water storage layer accounts for 40%-50% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane; The thickness of the gradient porous transition layer 3 accounts for 20%-30% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane.

[0022] Finally, hydrophilic functional groups or water-absorbing inorganic nanoparticles are modified on the inner surfaces of nanoscale pores 101, micrometer-scale pores 201 and transition pores 301 to enhance the water retention capacity of each pore, ensuring that an effective hydration environment can still be maintained in the pores under low humidity conditions, and providing a medium for proton transport.

[0023] The above embodiments only illustrate a certain implementation of the present utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present utility model patent. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0024] It should be noted that the above content falls within the scope of the inventor's technical knowledge. Due to the vast and complex nature of the technical content in this field, the above content of this application does not necessarily constitute prior art.

Claims

1. A proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane is an integrated multilayer structure from the anode side to the cathode side, comprising, in sequence: The anode side has a nanoporous dense selective layer (1) with several nanoscale channels (101) on its surface. The cathode side has a micron-sized porous water storage layer (2) with micron-sized channels (201) on its surface. And a gradient porous transition layer (3) is provided between the nanoporous dense selective layer (1) and the microporous water storage layer (2), the surface of which is provided with gradient transition channels (301), the pore size of the transition channels (301) gradually increases from the side closer to the nanoporous dense selective layer (1) to the side closer to the microporous water storage layer (2).

2. The high proton conductivity proton exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradient porous transition layer (3) contains several vertically oriented one-dimensional nanoproton conductors (302).

3. The high proton conductivity proton exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore size of the nanoscale channel (101) is 1-10 nanometers; The pore size of the micron-sized channel (201) is 0.1-2 micrometers; The pore size of the transition channel (301) increases from 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers from the side near the nanoporous dense selective layer (1) to the side of the microporous water storage layer (2).

4. A proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the nanoporous dense selective layer (1) accounts for 10%-20% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane; The thickness of the micron-sized porous water storage layer (2) accounts for 40%-50% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane; The thickness of the gradient porous transition layer (3) accounts for 20%-30% of the total thickness of the proton exchange membrane.

5. A high proton conductivity proton exchange membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surfaces of the nanoscale pores (101), microscale pores (201) and transition pores (301) are all modified with hydrophilic functional groups or water-absorbing inorganic nanoparticles.

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