Heat pipe, heat sink and battery
By calculating the amount of phase change working fluid inside the heat pipe and optimizing the working fluid circulation path, the problem of working fluid drying out or flooding in the heat pipe was solved, and the battery achieved high-efficiency heat dissipation performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ENERGY CONSTR TIMES (SHANGHAI) NEW ENERGY STORAGE TECH RES INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the amount of heat pipe phase change working fluid filled depends on manual experience estimation, which can easily lead to the working fluid drying out or flooding, affecting the battery's heat dissipation performance.
The actual filling amount of the phase change working fluid in the heat pipe is determined by calculation formula, and a capillary structure is set between the evaporation section and the condensation section to ensure stable working fluid circulation and avoid drying or flooding. An adiabatic section is used to optimize the working fluid return path, and the height of the condensation section is increased to reduce the return resistance.
It achieves high-efficiency heat exchange capability of heat pipe, ensures stable working fluid circulation between evaporation and condensation sections, avoids drying or flooding, and improves the heat dissipation performance of battery.
Smart Images
Figure CN224537148U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a heat pipe, a heat sink, and a battery. Background Technology
[0002] Batteries commonly employ liquid cooling plates as heat dissipation components to absorb and transfer the heat generated during charging and discharging. Specifically, a metal liquid cooling plate (typically aluminum alloy) is placed at the bottom or side of the battery module. The plate has an inlet and an outlet, forming a continuous flow channel inside. The heat generated during charging and discharging is transferred to the coolant within the flow channel. This heat-carrying coolant is then pumped through the outlet to external heat dissipation components for heat exchange. The cooled coolant then flows back into the flow channel through the inlet, thus achieving continuous heat dissipation for the battery module. However, this heat dissipation solution has the following technical drawbacks: First, there is a risk of coolant leakage due to poor sealing at the connection between the liquid cooling plate and the external pipeline; second, due to the temperature difference between the surface of the liquid cooling plate and the environment, condensation is likely to occur, which may cause electrical short circuit safety hazards; third, impurities may accumulate in the coolant inside the liquid cooling plate and the external coolant during long-term circulation, causing flow channel blockage; in addition, in order to achieve uniform heat dissipation, the internal flow channels of the liquid cooling plate often need to be designed with complex structures; finally, the large amount of coolant charged into the liquid cooling plate and the need for regular replacement result in high operation and maintenance costs.
[0003] To address these issues, heat pipes are currently widely used instead of liquid cooling plates. The evaporation end of the heat pipe is located at the bottom or side of the battery module, while the condensation end is located outside the battery module. Efficient heat transfer is achieved through a cycle of phase change fluid vaporization and heat absorption at the evaporation end and liquefaction and heat release at the condensation end. However, the amount of phase change fluid in the heat pipe needs to be estimated manually, which can easily lead to fluid desiccation or flooding, thus affecting the battery's heat dissipation performance.
[0004] Accordingly, a new technical solution is needed in this field to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address at least one of the aforementioned problems in the prior art, namely the issue that the filling amount of the phase change working fluid in existing heat pipes relies on manual experience estimation, which easily leads to fluid drying or flooding, this application provides a heat pipe comprising:
[0006] Capillary structure;
[0007] A tube body, comprising an evaporation section and a condensation section connected to the evaporation section; the tube body has a cavity closed at both ends, the inner wall of the cavity is provided with the capillary structure, and the cavity is filled with a phase change working fluid; and
[0008] The actual filling amount of the phase change working fluid is M1, where M0≤M1≤1.1M0;
[0009] M0 is obtained through the following formula:
[0010]
[0011] Where M0 is the theoretical filling amount of the phase change working fluid, and V v Where A is the steam volume, ε is the porosity, and A is the volume of steam. w Let A be the cross-sectional area of the tube. v ρ is the cross-sectional area of the cavity. l Let ρ be the density of the liquid working fluid. v The density is the density of the gaseous working fluid.
[0012] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the lowest point of the pipe cavity is located in the evaporation section, the highest point of the pipe cavity is located in the condensation section, and the height difference between the highest and lowest points of the pipe cavity is ΔH, where ΔH ≥ 1 mm.
[0013] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the height of the highest point of the cavity in the evaporation section is less than or equal to the height of the lowest point of the cavity in the condensation section.
[0014] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the pipe body further includes an insulation section, which is disposed between the evaporation section and the condensation section.
[0015] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the height of the highest point of the cavity in the adiabatic section is less than or equal to the height of the lowest point of the cavity in the condensing section, and the height of the lowest point of the cavity in the adiabatic section is greater than or equal to the height of the lowest point of the cavity in the evaporating section.
[0016] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the angle between the line connecting the end of the evaporation section cavity away from the condensation section and the highest point of the condensation section cavity and the horizontal plane is α, where 0.8°≤α≤2°.
[0017] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the phase change working fluid is water, liquid ammonia, acetone, fluorinated hydrocarbons, or alkanes.
[0018] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the heat pipe further includes;
[0019] A first heat dissipation structure is disposed on the outer wall of the condensation section.
[0020] In the preferred embodiment of the heat pipe described above, the first heat dissipation structure is a first fin, a first heat dissipation pipe, a first liquid guide pipe, or a first cooling chip.
[0021] This application also provides a heat sink, the heat sink comprising:
[0022] plate body;
[0023] The heat pipes described in any of the above preferred technical solutions are all disposed on the plate.
[0024] In the preferred embodiment of the heat sink described above, the plate body includes a first plate body and a second plate body connected to each other. The first plate body is provided with an evaporation section of the heat pipe, and the second plate body is provided with a condensation section of the heat pipe.
[0025] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned heat sink, the first plate body deviates from the extending direction of the second plate body; and
[0026] The heat pipe and the plate are two independent components; or, a first flow channel is formed on the first plate, and a second flow channel is formed on the second plate, the first flow channel and the second flow channel being connected to form the cavity of the heat pipe; or
[0027] The first plate body extends in the direction of extension of the second plate body; and
[0028] A first flow channel is formed on the first plate, and a second flow channel is formed on the second plate. The first flow channel and the second flow channel are connected to form the cavity of the heat pipe.
[0029] In the preferred embodiment of the heat sink described above, the heat sink further includes;
[0030] The second heat dissipation structure is disposed on the second plate.
[0031] In the preferred embodiment of the heat sink described above, the second heat dissipation structure is a second fin, a second heat dissipation pipe, a second liquid guide pipe, or a second cooling chip.
[0032] In the preferred embodiment of the heat sink described above, a plurality of heat pipes are arranged at intervals along the length or width of the plate.
[0033] In the preferred embodiment of the heat sink described above, the plurality of heat pipes are divided into a first part and a second part. The first part and the second part are spaced apart along the thickness direction of the plate body. One of the first part and the second part is spaced apart along the length direction of the plate body, and the other is spaced apart along the width direction of the plate body.
[0034] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned heat sink, the plate body further includes:
[0035] The third plate is located between the first plate and the second plate, and the heat pipe is provided on the third plate.
[0036] This application also provides a battery, which includes a battery module and a plurality of heat pipes as described in any of the above preferred technical solutions, wherein the evaporation section of the heat pipe is disposed on the battery module.
[0037] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned battery, the battery further includes;
[0038] The third heat dissipation structure is provided with a plurality of condensation sections of the heat pipes.
[0039] In the preferred embodiment of the battery described above, the third heat dissipation structure is a third fin, a third heat dissipation pipe, a third liquid guide pipe, or a third cooling chip.
[0040] This application also provides a battery, which includes a battery module and a heat sink as described in any of the above preferred technical solutions, wherein a portion of the heat sink corresponding to the evaporation section is disposed on the battery module.
[0041] Those skilled in the art will understand that the heat pipe of this application uses a formula to calculate the amount of phase change working fluid filling the tube cavity. On the one hand, this ensures the high efficiency of heat exchange in the heat pipe, and on the other hand, it enables a stable working fluid circulation between the evaporation section and the condensation section, effectively avoiding the occurrence of drying or flooding, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation performance of the battery.
[0042] Furthermore, by setting the lowest point of the tube in the evaporation section and the highest point in the condensation section, and setting the height difference between the highest and lowest points of the tube to be greater than or equal to 1 mm, the condensation section is positioned at a higher level. This allows the liquefied working fluid in the condensation section to be simultaneously driven by capillary force and gravity during the reflux process, effectively reducing the reflux resistance of the working fluid, ensuring more balanced heat transfer between the evaporation and condensation sections, reducing temperature gradient fluctuations, and improving the battery's heat dissipation performance.
[0043] Furthermore, by setting the height of the highest point of the evaporation section to be less than or equal to the height of the lowest point of the condensation section, the reflux resistance of the liquid working fluid is avoided due to the excessively high local position of the evaporation section.
[0044] Furthermore, by setting the height of the highest point of the cavity in the adiabatic section to be less than or equal to the height of the lowest point of the cavity in the condensing section, and setting the height of the lowest point of the cavity in the adiabatic section to be greater than or equal to the height of the highest point of the cavity in the evaporation section, the backflow resistance of the liquid working fluid is avoided due to the excessively high local positions of the evaporation section and the adiabatic section.
[0045] Furthermore, by setting a first heat dissipation structure in the condensation section, the heat dissipation area and heat dissipation capacity of the condensation section can be increased, the liquefaction rate of the working fluid can be improved, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation performance of the battery.
[0046] Those skilled in the art will understand that the heat sink of this application, by setting multiple heat pipes on the plate body, and the amount of phase change working fluid in the heat pipes is calculated by formula, can ensure the high-efficiency heat exchange capacity of the heat pipes on the one hand, and can also form a stable working fluid circulation between the evaporation section and the condensation section on the other hand, effectively avoiding the occurrence of drying or flooding, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation performance of the battery.
[0047] Furthermore, by setting a second heat dissipation structure on the second plate, the heat exchange capacity of the heat pipe condensation section can be improved, enabling the gaseous chemical substance to be liquefied into a liquid working fluid. Attached Figure Description
[0048] The preferred embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0049] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the battery in this application;
[0050] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the heat pipe in this application;
[0051] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the heat pipe and the third heat dissipation structure of this application;
[0052] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the heat sink and the third heat dissipation structure of this application;
[0053] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat pipe in this application.
[0054] The attached figures are labeled as follows:
[0055] 1. Heat pipe; 11. Pipe body; 111. Evaporation section; 112. Condensation section; 113. Insulation section; 12. Pipe cavity; 13. Capillary structure; 14. First heat dissipation structure; 2. Heat dissipation plate; 21. Plate body; 211. First plate body; 212. Second plate body; 213. Third plate body; 22. Second heat dissipation structure; 3. Battery module; 4. Third heat dissipation structure. Detailed Implementation
[0056] Preferred embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0057] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "top", "bottom", etc., indicating the direction or positional relationship are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this application.
[0058] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0059] See Figure 1-5 The battery of this application is described.
[0060] The battery includes two configuration types. The first type includes a battery module 3 and a heat pipe 1, with the heat pipe 1 directly mounted on the outer wall of the battery module 3. The second type includes a battery module 3 and a heat sink 2, with the heat sink 2 mounted on the outer wall of the battery module 3. The heat sink 2 includes a plate body 21 and the heat pipe 1 mounted thereon. The two types of batteries will then be described.
[0061] See Figure 1-3 Sections 5 and 6 describe the first type of battery.
[0062] like Figure 2 and 5 As shown, the heat pipe 1 includes a pipe body 11 and a capillary structure 13. The pipe body 11 has a cavity 12 closed at both ends, and the capillary structure 13 is provided on the inner wall of the cavity 12. The cavity 12 is filled with a phase change working fluid. The pipe body 11 includes an evaporation section 111, an adiabatic section 113, and a condensation section 112, wherein the adiabatic section 113 connects the evaporation section 111 and the condensation section 112. During operation, the evaporation section 111 absorbs heat to evaporate and vaporize the working fluid. The gaseous working fluid passes through the adiabatic section 113 and then condenses and liquefies in the condensation section 112, releasing heat. The liquid working fluid in the condensation section 112 flows back to the evaporation section 111 under the capillary force driven by the capillary structure 13, realizing the cyclic phase change heat transfer of the working fluid.
[0063] In the exemplary embodiments, this application does not limit the phase change working medium, as long as it can be vaporized and condensed. For example, the phase change working medium can be water, liquid ammonia, acetone, fluorinated hydrocarbons, or alkanes. Among them, fluorinated hydrocarbons can be Freon, and alkanes can be n-pentane.
[0064] In the exemplary embodiment, the installation of the insulation section 113 is not mandatory, and those skilled in the art can choose it as needed. Without the insulation section 113, the evaporation section 111 is directly connected to the condensation section 112.
[0065] See next Figure 2 The evaporation section 111 and its cavity 12 extend along the first direction, while the height of the cavity 12 in the evaporation section 111 remains constant in the second direction. The adiabatic section 113 is an arc-shaped transition section connecting the evaporation section 111 and the condensation section 112, and the lowest point of its cavity 12 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the highest point of the cavity 12 in the second direction at the evaporation section 111. The condensation section 112 and its cavity 12 extend along the second direction. Through this arrangement, the lowest point of the entire cavity 12 in the second direction is located at the evaporation section 111, and the highest point of the cavity 12 in the second direction is located at the condensation section 112. The highest points of the cavity 12 in the second direction at both the evaporation section 111 and the adiabatic section 113 are less than or equal to the lowest point of the cavity 12 in the second direction at the condensation section 112. In this design, the height difference between the highest and lowest points of the entire cavity 12 in the second direction is ΔH, where ΔH ≥ 1 mm. The angle between the line connecting the end of the cavity 12 away from the condensation section 112 at the evaporation section 111 and the highest point of the cavity 12 at the condensation section 112, and the extension direction of the evaporation section, is α, where 0.8° ≤ α ≤ 2°. This arrangement avoids increasing the reflux resistance of the liquid working fluid due to excessively high local positions in the evaporation section 111 and the adiabatic section 113, ensuring that the condensation section 112 is at a relatively high position. This allows the liquid working fluid to be simultaneously driven by capillary force and gravity during reflux, effectively reducing flow resistance.
[0066] It should be noted that the first direction refers to, for example, Figure 1-4 The X direction shown includes both the positive and negative directions indicated by the arrow. The second direction refers to... Figure 1-4 The Z-direction shown includes both the positive and negative directions indicated by the arrow. The first and second directions are perpendicular to each other. In this application, the highest and lowest points refer to... Figure 1-4 The relative height position along the Z-direction arrow is shown. Since the evaporation section 111 is located at the bottom of the battery module, and the bottom of the battery module is usually installed parallel to the horizontal plane, the extension direction of the evaporation section can be regarded as the horizontal plane. It should also be noted that in this application, since the inner diameter of the cavity is small, the "point" is not a point in the geometric sense, but specifically refers to the cross-section of the cavity.
[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the cavity 12 at the evaporation section 111 can also be arranged in a gradually varying manner in the second direction. That is, the height of the cavity 12 at the evaporation section 111 in the second direction gradually increases from the end of the evaporation section 111 away from the condensation section 112 towards the condensation section 112. At the same time, it is ensured that the highest point of the cavity 12 at the evaporation section 111 in the second direction is less than or equal to the lowest point of the cavity 12 at the condensation section 112 in the second direction and the lowest point of the cavity 12 at the adiabatic section 113 in the second direction. This arrangement also helps to reduce the flow resistance of the liquid working fluid.
[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the adiabatic section 113 can also be a sloped transition section, that is, the height of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the adiabatic section 113 increases linearly along the end of the evaporation section 111 away from the condensation section 112 towards the condensation section 112. At the same time, it is also necessary to ensure that the highest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the adiabatic section 113 is less than or equal to the lowest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the condensation section 112, and the lowest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the adiabatic section 113 is greater than or equal to the highest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the evaporation section 111. This arrangement also helps to reduce flow resistance.
[0069] See next Figure 1 and 3 There are multiple heat pipes 1, and the evaporation sections 111 of the multiple heat pipes 1 are all adhered to the bottom of the battery module 3, and the multiple heat pipes 1 are arranged at intervals along a third direction. The adiabatic sections 113 and condensation sections 112 of the multiple heat pipes 1 extend outside the battery module 3, so that the heat generated by the battery module 3 during charging and discharging can be transferred to the evaporation sections 111. The working fluid in the evaporation section 111 absorbs heat and vaporizes. After passing through the adiabatic section 113, the gaseous working fluid condenses and liquefies in the condensation section 112 and releases heat. The liquid working fluid in the condensation section 112 flows back to the evaporation section 111 under the combined drive of capillary force and gravity of the capillary structure 13, realizing the cyclic phase change heat transfer of the working fluid.
[0070] It should be noted that "third-party" refers to, for example... Figure 1-4 The Y-direction shown includes both the positive and negative directions indicated by the arrows. The third direction is perpendicular to the first and second directions, respectively.
[0071] In exemplary embodiments, the placement and arrangement of the multiple heat pipes 1 are not fixed and can be adjusted as needed by those skilled in the art. For example, the evaporation sections 111 of the multiple heat pipes 1 can all be disposed on the sidewall of the battery module 3, with the insulation section 113 and the condensation section 112 extending outside the battery module 3; or, the multiple heat pipes 1 can be divided into two parts, namely a third part and a fourth part, with the third part disposed at the bottom of the battery module 3 and the fourth part disposed on the sidewall of the battery module 3. When the evaporation sections 111 of the multiple heat pipes 1 are all disposed on the sidewall of the battery module 3, the multiple heat pipes 1 can also be arranged at intervals along the thickness direction of the plate, and the extension direction of the evaporation sections 111 in the multiple heat pipes 1 needs to be adjusted according to the position of the sidewall of the battery module 3. When the evaporation sections 111 of the multiple heat pipes 1 are all disposed at the bottom of the battery module 3, and the evaporation section 111 in each heat pipe 1 extends along a third direction, the multiple heat pipes 1 are then arranged at intervals along a first direction.
[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, to improve the heat dissipation performance of the battery module 3, a first heat dissipation structure 14 can be provided in the condensation section 112 of the heat pipe 1 to increase the heat exchange area of the condensation section 112. The first heat dissipation structure 14 can be a first fin, a first heat dissipation pipe, a first liquid guide pipe, or a first cooling chip.
[0073] See next Figure 3 and 5 The battery also includes a third heat dissipation structure 4, which has multiple condensation sections 112 of heat pipes 1, thereby accelerating the condensation rate of the working fluid in the condensation sections 112 and improving the battery's heat dissipation performance. The actual filling amount of phase change working fluid in each heat pipe 1 is M1, where M0 ≤ M1 ≤ 1.1M0, and M0 is obtained by the following formula:
[0074]
[0075] Where M0 is the theoretical filling amount of the phase change working fluid, and V v Where A is the steam volume, ε is the porosity, and A is the volume of steam. w Let A be the cross-sectional area of tube 11. v Let ρ be the cross-sectional area of the lumen 12. l Let ρ be the density of the liquid working fluid. v The density of the gaseous working fluid is given. By calculating the actual filling amount of the phase change working fluid in heat pipe 1 using the above method, we can ensure the high-efficiency heat exchange capacity of heat pipe 1, and also enable a stable working fluid circulation between the evaporation section 111 and the condensation section 112, effectively avoiding the occurrence of drying or flooding.
[0076] It should be noted that the theoretical filling quantity M0 is in kg. Steam volume V vThe difference between the total volume of cavity 12 and the volume of the phase change working fluid in heat pipe 1 before vaporization, expressed in m³. 3 Porosity ε is the porosity of capillary structure 13, and is dimensionless. The cross-sectional area A of tube 11... w The area of the annular cross-section formed between the inner and outer walls of pipe body 11 is expressed in m². 2 The cross-sectional area A of the lumen 12 v The area of the circular cross-section enclosed by the inner wall of tube 11, in meters. 2 The density ρ of the liquid working fluid l This refers to the density of the phase change working fluid in the liquid phase, expressed in kg / m³. 3 Density ρ of gaseous working fluid v This refers to the density of the phase change working fluid in the gaseous phase, expressed in kg / m³. 3 .
[0077] In the exemplary embodiments, the type of the third heat dissipation structure 4 in this application is not limited, as long as it is conducive to the heat dissipation of the working fluid in the condensation section 112. For example, the third heat dissipation structure 4 can be a third fin, a third heat dissipation pipe, a third liquid guiding pipe, or a third cooling chip.
[0078] See Figure 1 and 4 The second type of battery will be described.
[0079] like Figure 1 and 4 As shown, the heat sink 2 includes a plate body 21 and multiple heat pipes 1 disposed on the plate body 21. The heat sink 2 and the heat pipes 1 are two independent components. The structure of the heat pipes 1 is as described in the heat pipe 1 of the first type of battery, and will not be repeated here. The plate body 21 includes a first plate body 211, a second plate body 212, and a third plate body 213, with the third plate body 213 connected to the first plate body 211 and the second plate body 212 respectively. The evaporation section 111 of the heat pipe 1 is disposed on the first plate body 211, the insulation section 113 is disposed on the third plate body 213, and the condensation section 112 is disposed on the second plate body 212. The first plate body 211 is disposed at the bottom of the battery module 3, the second plate body 212 and the third plate body 213 extend outside the battery module 3, and the multiple heat pipes 1 are arranged at intervals along a third direction on the plate body 21. With the above configuration, the first plate 211 is used to absorb the heat generated by the battery module 3 during charging and discharging, so that the working fluid in the heat pipe 1 evaporates and vaporizes. The gaseous working fluid passes through the adiabatic section 113 corresponding to the third plate 213 and then condenses and liquefies in the condensation section 112 corresponding to the second plate 212, releasing heat. The liquid working fluid in the condensation section 112 flows back to the evaporation section 111 under the dual drive of capillary force and gravity.
[0080] It should be noted that the statement that heat sink 2 and heat pipe 1 are two independent components means that the heat pipe is not an integrated component of the heat sink, but exists as a separately replaceable functional module. In other words, heat sink 2 and heat pipe 1 are two heat dissipation components with independent functions, and their connection method is detachable.
[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, when the heat pipe 1 includes only an evaporation section 111 and a condensation section 112, the plate body 21 also includes only a first plate body 211 and a second plate body 212 connected to each other, wherein the evaporation section 111 is provided on the first plate body 211 and the condensation section 112 is provided on the second plate body 212.
[0082] In the exemplary embodiments, the position of the first plate 211 is not fixed and can be adjusted by those skilled in the art as needed. For example, the first plate 211 can also be disposed on the side wall of the battery module 3, in which case the second plate 212 and the third plate 213 also extend outside the battery module 3.
[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, when the heat sink 2 and the heat pipe 1 are two independent components, the heat pipe can be pasted onto the plate or screwed onto the plate. Both of these methods can adjust the plate and the heat pipe to the structure defined in this application when pasted or screwed onto the plate.
[0084] In the exemplary embodiments, the arrangement of the multiple heat pipes 1 at intervals is not fixed and can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the setting requirements. For example, the multiple heat pipes 1 can also be arranged at intervals along a first direction on the plate 21. Alternatively, the multiple heat pipes 1 can be divided into two parts, namely a first part and a second part, which are arranged at intervals along the thickness direction of the plate 21. The first part and the second part can be respectively located on both sides of the plate 21 in its thickness direction; the multiple heat pipes 1 in the first part are arranged at intervals along the first direction on the plate 21, and the multiple heat pipes in the second part are arranged at intervals along a third direction on the plate; or the multiple heat pipes 1 in the first part are arranged at intervals along a third direction on the plate 21, and the multiple heat pipes in the second part are arranged at intervals along the first direction on the plate. It should also be noted that the first direction corresponds to the length direction of the plate 21, and the third direction corresponds to the width direction of the plate 21. When the first plate 211 is disposed on the side wall of the battery module 3, multiple heat pipes 1 are arranged at intervals along the second direction on the plate 21. At this time, the second direction may be the length direction or the width direction of the plate 21 depending on the specific side wall position of the battery module 3.
[0085] See next Figure 4The first plate 211, the third plate 213, and the second plate 212 are arranged sequentially along a first direction. The first plate 211 extends along and is parallel to the first direction, thereby ensuring that the height of the cavity 12 at each point in the evaporation section 111 remains constant in the second direction. The third plate 213 extends along and is parallel to the second direction, thereby enabling the condensation section 112 to be perpendicular to the evaporation section 111. The third plate 213 is an arc-shaped transition section between the first plate 211 and the second plate 212, ensuring that the lowest point of the cavity 12 in the insulation section 113 in the second direction is greater than or equal to the highest point of the cavity 12 in the evaporation section 111 in the second direction, and that the highest point of the cavity 12 in the insulation section 113 in the second direction is less than or equal to the lowest point of the cavity 12 in the condensation section 112 in the second direction. With the above arrangement, the first plate 211, the second plate 212, and the third plate 213 are not in each other's extending directions. This ensures that the lowest point of the lumen 12 of each heat pipe 1 on the plate 21 in the second direction is located in the evaporation section 111, and the highest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction is located in the condensation section 112. The highest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the evaporation section 111 and the highest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the adiabatic section 113 are both less than or equal to the lowest point of the lumen 12 in the second direction at the condensation section 112. Furthermore, the highest and lowest points of the lumen 12 in the second direction are... The height difference is ΔH, where ΔH ≥ 1 mm. The angle between the line connecting the end of the cavity 12 at the evaporation section 111 away from the condensation section 112 and the highest point of the cavity 12 at the condensation section 112 and the extension direction of the first plate 211 is α, where 0.8° ≤ α ≤ 2°. This avoids the heat sink 2 from increasing the backflow resistance of the liquid working fluid when dissipating heat from the battery module 3 due to the excessively high local position of the evaporation section 111 and the insulation section 113. It ensures that the condensation section 112 is in a higher position, so that the liquid working fluid is simultaneously driven by capillary force and gravity during the backflow process, effectively reducing the flow resistance.
[0086] In the exemplary embodiments, the specific structure of the heat sink 2 is not fixed and can be adjusted as needed by those skilled in the art. For example, the heat pipe 1 is integrated into the heat sink 2. Specifically, a first flow channel is formed on the first plate 211, a second flow channel is formed on the second plate 212, and a third flow channel is provided in the third plate 213, which is connected to the first and second flow channels respectively. Capillary structures 13 are provided on the inner walls of the first, third, and second flow channels. The first flow channel corresponds to the cavity 12 at the evaporation section 111, the second flow channel corresponds to the cavity 12 at the condensation section 112, and the third flow channel corresponds to the cavity 12 at the insulation section 113. Thus, the flow channel formed by the connection of the first, third, and second flow channels is the cavity 12 of the heat pipe 1. The cavity 12 is filled with a phase change working fluid, and the inner wall is provided with capillary structures 13. In this case, in the formula for calculating the theoretical filling amount of the phase change working fluid in each flow channel, the cross-sectional area A wThe thickness of the annular cross-section is determined as follows: When one side of the heat sink 2 contacts the battery module 3, the average vertical distance from the side of the heat sink 2 in contact with the battery module 3 to the inner wall of the flow channel is taken as the thickness of the annular cross-section, and the area of the annular cross-section can be calculated accordingly. When both sides of the heat sink 2 contact the battery module 3 respectively, the average vertical distance from the two sides of the heat sink 2 in contact with the battery module 3 to the inner wall of the flow channel is taken as the thickness of the annular cross-section, and the area of the annular cross-section can be calculated accordingly. Furthermore, when all the flow channels are divided into two parts, namely a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part are spaced apart along the thickness direction of the plate, and the multiple flow channels of the first part are spaced apart along a first direction (or a third direction), and the multiple flow channels of the second part are spaced apart along a third direction (or the first direction), the cross-sectional area A is... w The method for determining the thickness is as follows: the annular cross-sectional thickness of any flow channel is defined as the average vertical distance in the thickness direction between the inner wall of the flow channel and the side edge of the adjacent heat sink. Based on this thickness parameter, the annular cross-sectional area of the flow channel can be calculated. Here, the side edge of the heat sink is the side edge in the thickness direction of the heat sink.
[0087] In the exemplary embodiments, the specific structure of the plate 21 is not fixed in this application, and those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed. For example, the first plate 211, the second plate 212, and the third plate 213 are in the same direction of extension. At this time, the heat pipe 1 and the plate 21 are no longer two independent components, but are integrated in the plate 21. That is, a first flow channel is formed on the first plate 211, a second flow channel is formed on the second plate 212, and a third flow channel is provided in the third plate 213, which is connected to the first flow channel and the second flow channel respectively. The inner walls of the first flow channel, the third flow channel, and the second flow channel are all provided with capillary structures 13. The first flow channel is equivalent to the cavity 12 at the evaporation section 111, the second flow channel is equivalent to the cavity 12 at the condensation section 112, and the third flow channel is relative to the cavity 12 at the insulation section 113. Thus, the flow channel formed by the connection of the first flow channel, the third flow channel, and the second flow channel is the cavity 12 of the heat pipe 1. The cavity 12 is filled with a phase change working fluid, and the inner wall is provided with capillary structures 13.
[0088] In the exemplary embodiments, the layout of the first plate 211, the second plate 212, and the third plate 213 is not fixed and can be adjusted by those skilled in the art as needed. For example, the first plate 211, the third plate 213, and the second plate 212 can also be arranged sequentially along a third direction. In this case, the first plate 211 extends along the third direction and is parallel to the third direction.
[0089] See next Figure 4 The battery also includes a second heat dissipation structure 22, on which a second plate 212 is provided, thereby accelerating the condensation speed of the working fluid in the condensation section 112 and improving the heat dissipation performance of the battery.
[0090] In the exemplary embodiments, the type of the second heat dissipation structure 22 in this application is not limited, as long as it is conducive to the heat dissipation of the working fluid in the condensation section 112. For example, the second heat dissipation structure 22 can be a second fin, a second heat dissipation pipe, a second liquid guide pipe, or a second cooling chip.
[0091] Those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, any of the claimed embodiments in the claims of this application can be used in any combination.
[0092] The technical solutions of this application have been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of this application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of this application, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A heat pipe, characterized in that, The heat pipe (1) includes: Capillary structure (13); A tube body (11) comprising an evaporation section (111) and a condensation section (112) connected to the evaporation section (111); the tube body (11) has a closed-end cavity (12), the inner wall of which is provided with the capillary structure (13) and filled with a phase change working fluid; and The actual filling amount of the phase change working fluid is M1, where M0≤M1≤1.1M0; M0 is obtained through the following formula: Where M0 is the theoretical filling amount of the phase change working fluid, and V v Where A is the steam volume, ε is the porosity, and A is the volume of steam. w A is the cross-sectional area of the tube (11). v ρ is the cross-sectional area of the cavity (12). l Let ρ be the density of the liquid working fluid. v The density is the density of the gaseous working fluid.
2. The heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lowest point of the cavity (12) is located in the evaporation section (111), and the highest point of the cavity (12) is located in the condensation section (112). The height difference between the highest and lowest points of the cavity (12) is ΔH, where ΔH ≥ 1 mm.
3. The heat pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height of the highest point of the cavity (12) in the evaporation section (111) is less than or equal to the height of the lowest point of the cavity (12) in the condensation section (112).
4. The heat pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tube body (11) also includes an insulation section (113), which is disposed between the evaporation section (111) and the condensation section (112).
5. The heat pipe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the highest point of the cavity (12) in the insulation section (113) is less than or equal to the height of the lowest point of the cavity (12) in the condensation section (112), and the height of the lowest point of the cavity (12) in the insulation section (113) is greater than or equal to the height of the highest point of the cavity (12) in the evaporation section (111).
6. The heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the line connecting the end of the cavity (12) at the evaporation section (111) away from the condensation section (112) and the highest point of the cavity (12) at the condensation section (112) and the horizontal plane is α, where 0.8°≤α≤2°; and / or The phase change working medium is water, liquid ammonia, acetone, fluorinated hydrocarbons, or alkanes; and / or The heat pipe (1) further includes a first heat dissipation structure (14), which is disposed on the outer wall of the condensation section (112).
7. A heat sink, characterized in that, The heat sink (2) includes: Plate(21); The heat pipes according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the heat pipes (1) are disposed on the plate (21).
8. The heat sink according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plate (21) includes a first plate (211) and a second plate (212) connected to each other. The first plate (211) is provided with the evaporation section (111) of the heat pipe (1), and the second plate (212) is provided with the condensation section (112) of the heat pipe (1).
9. The heat sink according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first plate (211) deviates from the extending direction of the second plate (212); and The heat pipe (1) and the plate (21) are two independent components; or, a first flow channel is formed on the first plate (211), and a second flow channel is formed on the second plate (212), the first flow channel and the second flow channel are connected to form the cavity (12) of the heat pipe (1); or The first plate (211) extends in the direction of extension of the second plate (212); and A first flow channel is formed on the first plate (211), and a second flow channel is formed on the second plate (212). The first flow channel and the second flow channel are connected to form the cavity (12) of the heat pipe (1).
10. The heat sink according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat sink (2) further includes a second heat dissipation structure (22), which is disposed on the second plate body (212); and / or The plate (21) also includes a third plate (213), which is located between the first plate (211) and the second plate (212), and is provided with the heat pipe (1) insulation section (113).
11. The heat sink according to claim 8, characterized in that, The plurality of heat pipes (1) are arranged at intervals along the length or width of the plate (21); or The multiple heat pipes (1) are divided into a first part and a second part, which are spaced apart along the thickness direction of the plate (21). One of the first part and the second part are spaced apart along the length direction of the plate (21), and the other is spaced apart along the width direction of the plate (21).
12. A battery, characterized in that, The battery includes a battery module (3) and a plurality of heat pipes as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the evaporation section (111) of the heat pipe (1) is disposed on the battery module (3).
13. The battery according to claim 12, characterized in that, The battery also includes; The third heat dissipation structure (4) is provided with a plurality of condensation sections (112) of the heat pipes (1).
14. A battery, characterized in that, The battery includes a battery module (3) and a heat sink as described in any one of claims 7-11, wherein the portion of the heat sink (2) corresponding to the evaporation section (111) is disposed on the battery module (3).