circulator / isolator

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of circulator / isolator discloses a circulator / isolator, including casing and two laminated structure, the casing includes base and cover, and the cover is limited with base and installs the cavity, two laminated structures are arranged in the mounting cavity along the vertical direction and are stacked, and the laminated structure includes center conductor and load, and the center conductor is electrically connected with the load, and the both sides of center conductor are symmetrically arranged with the sub laminated structure, and the sub laminated structure includes ferrite, magnetotail and permanent magnet, and the output end of one center conductor is electrically connected with the input end of another center conductor through the connecting piece, and two sub laminated structures between two center conductors share the same permanent magnet. The sub laminated structure is symmetrically arranged in the both sides of center conductor, and the sub laminated structure between two center conductors shares the same permanent magnet, improves the consistency and stability of magnetic flux distribution, effectively improves the working stability of circulator / isolator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circulator / isolator technology, and in particular to a circulator / isolator. Background Technology

[0002] Circulators / isolators provide functions such as unidirectional signal transmission, isolation, and amplitude modulation. With the development of microwave communication technology, the performance requirements for critical components like circulators and isolators in base stations are becoming increasingly stringent. Since reflected signals within a base station can interfere with digital correction signals after passing through duplexers, circulators, and couplers, affecting base station performance, circulators / isolators must meet high isolation requirements. Currently, the mainstream approach to achieving high isolation is to use a dual-cavity structure, but this significantly increases the size and footprint of the circulator / isolator, making it unsuitable for space-constrained environments. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a circulator / isolator that can improve isolation and reduce volume, while maintaining stable magnetic flux distribution.

[0004] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a circulator / isolator, comprising a housing and two stacked structures. The housing includes a base and a cover plate, the cover plate being detachably connected to the top of the base and defining an installation cavity between the cover plate and the base. The two stacked structures are arranged vertically in the installation cavity. Each stacked structure includes a central conductor, a load, and a sub-stacked structure. The central conductor is electrically connected to the load. The sub-stacked structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of each central conductor. Each sub-stacked structure includes ferrite, a uniform magnetic sheet, and a permanent magnet. The ferrite, the uniform magnetic sheet, and the permanent magnet are stacked sequentially in a vertical direction away from the central conductor. The output end of one central conductor is electrically connected to the input end of the other central conductor via a connector. The two sub-stacked structures between the two central conductors share the same permanent magnet.

[0005] Preferably, the outer periphery of the central conductor is provided with three connecting parts at intervals, two of which are respectively provided with the input end and the output end of the central conductor, and the other connecting part is electrically connected to the load. The side wall of the base is provided with multiple hollow structures for the connecting parts to pass through, and one of the connecting parts of the central conductor with the output end passes through the same hollow structure as another connecting part of the central conductor with the input end.

[0006] Preferably, the connector is configured as a connecting pin, and both of the two connecting parts with the input end and the output end are provided with through holes, and the connecting pin is inserted into the through holes of the two connecting parts in the same hollow structure.

[0007] Preferably, the outer wall of the base is provided with a support portion, which is located below the central conductor. The support portion is provided with a socket, and the connecting pin is inserted into the socket.

[0008] Preferably, the two loads are located on opposite sides of the housing along the radial direction of the housing.

[0009] Preferably, the outer wall of the housing is provided with a mounting base, and the mounting base is provided with a mounting groove on the side near the cover plate, and the load is located in the mounting groove.

[0010] Preferably, the inner wall of the housing and the outer peripheral wall of the cover plate are threaded together.

[0011] Preferably, the cover plate has a concave-convex structure on the side opposite to the central conductor.

[0012] Preferably, the circulator / isolator further includes a temperature compensation plate that abuts against the cover plate and the sub-layer structure.

[0013] Preferably, multiple temperature compensation plates are provided, and the multiple temperature compensation plates are arranged in a vertical stack.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The central conductor, sub-layered structures, and load work together to form a single layered structure. Connecting two layered structures, and sequentially connecting the output and input ends of the two central conductors, allows for the cascading of the two layered structures, improving isolation and reducing volume. The sub-layered structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central conductor, and the sub-layered structures between the two central conductors share the same permanent magnet. This symmetrical arrangement of sub-layered structures creates complementary magnetic circuits, reducing magnetic field distortion and improving the consistency and stability of magnetic flux distribution. The shared permanent magnet, under the action of the uniform magnetic sheet, ensures that the bias magnetic field strength of the ferrite on both sides remains consistent, improving the consistency of the electromagnetic parameters of the two layered structures. This avoids problems such as inconsistencies in the parameters of the two layered structures and localized magnetic flux instability, effectively improving the operational stability of the circulator / isolator. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circulator / isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a top view of the circulator / isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the circulator / isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4This is an exploded view of the circulator / isolator from another angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the picture:

[0020] 100. Housing; 110. Base; 111. Hollowed-out structure; 112. Input pin; 113. Output pin; 114. Support; 115. Mounting base; 120. Cover plate; 121. Concave-convex structure;

[0021] 200. Layered structure; 210. Central conductor; 211. Connector; 220. Load; 230. Sub-layered structure; 231. Ferrite; 232. Uniform magnetic sheet; 233. Permanent magnet;

[0022] 300. Connectors;

[0023] 400. Temperature compensation sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0028] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a circulator / isolator according to an embodiment of this application includes a housing 100 and two stacked structures 200. The housing 100 includes a base 110 and a cover plate 120. The base 110 is cylindrical with an open top. The cover plate 120 is detachably connected to the top of the base 110 and defines a mounting cavity between the cover plate and the base 110. The two stacked structures 200 are stacked vertically in the mounting cavity. In this embodiment, the vertical direction is the axial direction of the housing 100 or the stacked structure 200, which will not be described again hereafter. The stacked structure 200 includes a center conductor 210, a load 220, and a sub-stacked structure 230. The center conductor 210 has an input terminal, an output terminal, and an isolation terminal. The isolation terminal of the center conductor 210 is electrically connected to the load 220, so that a signal can be transmitted from the input terminal to the output terminal, and the reflected signal can be absorbed by the load 220 of the isolation section. Each center conductor 210 has symmetrically arranged sub-layer structures 230 on both sides. Each sub-layer structure 230 includes a ferrite core 231, a uniform magnetic sheet 232, and a permanent magnet 233. The ferrite core 231, uniform magnetic sheet 232, and permanent magnet 233 are stacked sequentially in a vertical direction away from the center conductor 210. The output terminal of one center conductor 210 is electrically connected to the input terminal of another center conductor 210 via a connector 300. The two sub-layer structures 230 between the two center conductors 210 share the same permanent magnet 233. The input terminals of the two center conductors 210 not connected to the connector 300 are connected to input pins 112, and the output terminals not connected to the connector 300 are connected to output pins 113. The circulator / isolator is connected to external electrical components via input pins 112 and output pins 113.

[0029] In this embodiment, the load 220 can be configured as a small load piece (unmatched load) or a connecting pin. In this case, the stacked structure 200 composed of the center conductor 210, the load 220, and the sub-stacked structure 230 forms an independent circulator, with the two circulators in the mounting cavity stacked vertically and connected in series. Alternatively, the load 220 can be configured as a resistor, an adjustable resistor, or a PIN diode, etc., to meet specific impedance characteristics. In this case, the two stacked structures 200 in the mounting cavity form an isolator with only one input and one output. In this embodiment, the example of the load 220 being configured as a matched load resistor and the two stacked structures 200 forming an isolator is used for illustration. Users can also choose a suitable type of load 220 according to their actual needs, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0030] Understandably, by setting up the sub-layer structure 230, the permanent magnet of the sub-layer structure 230 generates a bias magnetic field, causing the ferrite 231 to excite the gyromagnetic effect. This results in low loss during forward propagation and high isolation during reverse propagation of the electromagnetic wave from the central conductor 210. The uniform magnetic sheet 232 optimizes the magnetic field distribution of the sub-layer structure 230, reduces the difference in magnetic flux density at the edge region of the ferrite 231, and reduces reverse signal leakage. The central conductor 210, the sub-layer structure 230, and the load 220 work together to form a magnetically stable layer structure 200. By stacking two sub-layer structures 200 vertically and connecting the output and input terminals of the two central conductors 210 sequentially, the cascading of the two layer structures 200 can improve isolation and reduce volume. The sub-layer structures 230 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central conductor 210, and the sub-layer structures 230 between the two central conductors 210 share the same permanent magnet 233. The symmetrical sub-layer structures 230 can form complementary magnetic circuits, reduce the magnetic field distortion rate, and improve the consistency and stability of magnetic flux distribution. The shared permanent magnet 233 can keep the bias magnetic field strength of the ferrite 231 on both sides consistent under the action of the uniform magnetic sheet 232, improve the consistency of the electromagnetic parameters of the two layer structures 200, thereby avoiding the problem of different parameters of the two layer structures 200 and local magnetic flux instability, and effectively improving the working stability of the circulator / isolator.

[0031] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the central conductor 210 is provided with three connecting portions 211 spaced apart. The connecting portions 211 extend radially outward along the outer shell. Two of the connecting portions 211 are respectively provided with the input end and output end of the central conductor 210, and the other connecting portion 211 is provided with the isolation end of the central conductor 210 and electrically connected to the load 220. The side wall of the base 110 is provided with multiple hollow structures 111 through which the connecting portions 211 pass. The hollow structure 111 is a slot structure formed in the side wall of the base 110 and extending radially through the base 110. In order to facilitate the movable installation of the connecting portions 211, the hollow structure 111 also extends through the top wall of the base 110. In other words, the side wall of the base 110 is provided with multiple baffles spaced apart, and the hollow structure 111 is formed between two adjacent baffles. Specifically, there are five hollow structures 111. One of the central conductors 210 has an output terminal connection portion 211, and the other central conductor 210 has an input terminal connection portion 211, which pass through the same hollow structure 111. Two connection portions 211 located in the same hollow structure 111 are connected to the same connector 300. At this time, the connector 300 corresponds to one of the hollow structures 111. The remaining four connection portions 211 of the two central conductors 210 that are not connected to the connector 300 pass through the remaining four hollow structures 111 respectively.

[0032] By setting the hollow structure 111, the installation or removal of the center conductor 210 can be facilitated, avoiding interference between the outer casing sidewall and the center conductor 210, which would affect the connection between the center conductor 210 and the load 220 or the connector 300, effectively improving the ease of installation and removal of the center conductor 210. By placing the two connecting parts 211 that connect to the connector 300 in the same hollow structure 111, the distance between the two connecting parts 211 can be reduced, the volume of the connector 300 can be reduced, and the positioning and alignment steps of the connector 300 can be eliminated, facilitating the assembly and use of the connector 300.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, it can be understood that the connector 300 is configured as a connecting pin, and both connecting parts 211 with input and output ends are provided with through holes. The connecting pin is inserted into the through holes of the two connecting parts 211 in the same hollow structure 111.

[0034] By using a connecting pin to connect the two connecting parts 211, the structure of the connector 300 can be simplified and the production cost of the connector 300 can be reduced. At the same time, the connecting pin has a similar structure to the input pin 112 and the output pin 113, which can improve the consistency of the circulator / isolator structure.

[0035] Furthermore, the outer wall of the base 110 is provided with a support portion 114, which protrudes outward along the radial direction of the base 110. The support portion 114 is located below the central conductor 210 and has a socket for the connecting pin to be inserted into. In addition, the outer peripheral wall of the connecting pin is also provided with a positioning portion, which is located above the support portion 114 and overlaps with the support portion 114.

[0036] By providing a support part 114 to support and install the connecting pin, on the one hand, the connecting pin can be fixed by inserting it into the socket of the support part 114, and the connecting pin can be removed by pulling it out of the socket, which effectively improves the installation stability and ease of installation and removal of the connecting pin; on the other hand, when assembling the circulator / isolator, the user can use the support part 114 to install the connecting pin first, and the connecting pin can provide installation positioning for the two center conductors 210, improving the assembly efficiency of the circulator / isolator.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 As shown, it can be understood that the circulator / isolator also includes a temperature compensation plate 400, which is pressed between the cover plate 120 and the sub-layer structure 230. The temperature compensation plate 400 is made of the same material as the sub-layer structure 230 (which considers the ferrite 231, the uniform magnetic sheet 232 and the permanent magnet 233 as a whole).

[0038] By setting a temperature compensation plate 400, when the temperature changes, the temperature compensation plate 400 can deform synchronously with the sub-layer structure 230. When the temperature of the circulator / isolator changes, it absorbs assembly pressure and mechanical vibration, reducing the risk of breakage of the permanent magnet 233 or ferrite 231. In addition, the temperature compensation plate can also integrate a thermistor (such as a semiconductor temperature sensor) to monitor the temperature in real time and adjust the signal gain through an attenuator, dynamically calibrating the transmission signal gain to offset the signal attenuation or distortion caused by temperature fluctuations, ensuring stable isolation, and further improving the working stability of the circulator / isolator.

[0039] Furthermore, multiple temperature compensation plates 400 are provided, and the multiple temperature compensation plates 400 are arranged in a vertical stack.

[0040] By setting up multiple layers of temperature compensation plates 400, on the one hand, the multiple layers of temperature compensation plates 400 work together to form a multi-layer buffer structure, distributing the assembly pressure to different temperature compensation plates 400, reducing the risk of local stress concentration, and preventing the permanent magnet 233 or ferrite 231 from cracking due to mechanical extrusion; on the other hand, each layer of temperature compensation plate 400 can integrate shielding materials (such as nickel-based plating or ferrite 231 powder composite material) to form a multi-level filtering structure, which can block high-frequency electromagnetic interference and further improve the isolation.

[0041] Reference Figure 2 As shown, it can be understood that the two loads 220 are located on both sides of the housing 100 along the radial direction of the housing 100.

[0042] By distributing the loads 220 on both sides of the housing 100, the center of gravity of the circulator / isolator can be controlled near the center of the base 110, avoiding excessive weight on one side of the housing 100 and preventing problems such as tilting or displacement of the circulator / isolator during long-term use, thus improving the structural rationality of the circulator / isolator.

[0043] Furthermore, the outer wall of the housing 100 is provided with a mounting base 115, which protrudes outward along the radial direction of the housing 100. The mounting base 115 has a mounting groove on the side near the cover plate 120 (i.e., the top surface of the mounting base 115), and the load 220 is confined in the mounting groove. The surface of the load 220 is provided with a contact piece, and the connecting portion 211 of the center conductor 210 with an isolation end is bent downward and abuts against the contact piece.

[0044] By setting the mounting base 115, the load 220 can be integrated and installed on the side wall of the housing 100, which effectively improves the integration of the circulator / isolator and enhances the installation stability of the load 220.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, it can be understood that the inner wall of the housing 100 and the outer peripheral wall of the cover plate 120 are threaded together.

[0046] The threaded connection between the housing 100 and the cover plate 120 can effectively improve the installation stability of the cover plate 120 and facilitate the user to adjust the assembly pressure exerted by the cover plate 120 on the stacked structure 200.

[0047] Furthermore, the cover plate 120 has a concave-convex structure 121 on the side opposite to the central conductor 210. Specifically, the concave-convex structure 121 includes a protruding structure protruding from the end cover surface and a slotted structure recessed into the end cover surface, and the concave-convex structure 121 has one or more.

[0048] Because the end cap is threaded into the inner wall of the base 110, the end cap will sink relative to the top surface of the base 110 during installation. By setting the concave and convex structure 121, the user can use the concave and convex structure 121 to apply force to rotate the end cap, which effectively improves the user experience.

[0049] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A circulator / isolator, characterized in that, include: The housing (100) includes a base (110) and a cover plate (120), the cover plate (120) being detachably connected to the top end of the base (110) and defining a mounting cavity between the base (110); Two stacked structures (200) are arranged vertically in the mounting cavity. Each stacked structure (200) includes a central conductor (210), a load (220), and sub-stacked structures (230). The central conductor (210) is electrically connected to the load (220). Sub-stacked structures (230) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of each central conductor (210). Each sub-stacked structure (230) includes ferrite (231), a uniform magnetic sheet (232), and... The permanent magnet (233), the ferrite (231), the uniform magnetic sheet (232) and the permanent magnet (233) are stacked in sequence in a vertical direction away from the central conductor (210). The output end of one of the central conductors (210) is electrically connected to the input end of another central conductor (210) through a connector (300). The two sub-layer structures (230) between the two central conductors (210) share the same permanent magnet (233).

2. The circulator / isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the central conductor (210) is provided with three connecting parts (211) spaced apart. Two of the connecting parts (211) are respectively provided with the input end and the output end of the central conductor (210). The other connecting part (211) is electrically connected to the load (220). The side wall of the base (110) is provided with a plurality of hollow structures (111) through which the connecting parts (211) pass. One of the connecting parts (211) of the central conductor (210) with the output end and another connecting part (211) of the central conductor (210) with the input end pass through the same hollow structure (111).

3. The circulator / isolator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connector (300) is configured as a connecting pin. Both of the two connecting parts (211) with the input end and the output end are provided with through holes. The connecting pin is inserted into the through holes of the two connecting parts (211) in the same hollow structure (111).

4. The circulator / isolator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the base (110) is provided with a support part (114), the support part (114) is located below the center conductor (210), the support part (114) is provided with a socket, and the connecting pin is inserted into the socket.

5. The circulator / isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two loads (220) are located on both sides of the housing (100) radially.

6. The circulator / isolator according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The outer wall of the housing (100) is provided with a mounting base (115), and the mounting base (115) is provided with a mounting groove on the side near the cover plate (120), and the load (220) is confined in the mounting groove.

7. The circulator / isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the housing (100) and the outer peripheral wall of the cover plate (120) are threaded together.

8. The circulator / isolator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cover plate (120) has a concave-convex structure (121) on the side opposite to the central conductor (210).

9. The circulator / isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulator / isolator also includes a temperature compensation plate (400) that abuts against the cover plate (120) and the sub-layer structure (230).

10. The circulator / isolator according to claim 9, characterized in that, Multiple temperature compensation plates (400) are provided, and the multiple temperature compensation plates (400) are arranged in a vertical stack.

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