Short circuit protection circuit and battery management system
By using an electronic short-circuit protection circuit in the current sampling module, switching module, and control module, the current is monitored in real time and the output path is cut off in case of overcurrent. This solves the problems of response speed and output capability of short-circuit protection in the battery management system, and achieves fast and reliable protection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- EVE ENERGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing short-circuit protection schemes for digital output ports of battery management systems suffer from slow response speeds or affect output capabilities under normal operating conditions, failing to simultaneously guarantee fast response and efficient protection.
An electronic short-circuit protection circuit employs a current sampling module, a switching module, and a control module. It samples the current in real time and cuts off the output path in case of overcurrent. Combined with an amplification module and a drive module, it improves signal detection and driving capabilities.
It achieves fast-response short-circuit protection, avoids damage to system components, ensures output capability under normal operating conditions, and improves system safety and reliability.
Smart Images
Figure CN224537773U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular to a short-circuit protection circuit and a battery management system. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, Battery Management Systems (BMS) have been widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and consumer electronics. BMS typically features multiple Digital Output (DO) ports for powering external loads, driving relays, alarm indicators, or controlling other peripheral circuits. Due to the complex and diverse operating environments of BMS, external loads and wiring are susceptible to short circuits. If a DO port short-circuits, the instantaneous excessive current can severely damage internal components such as power switches and control circuits, potentially leading to safety accidents.
[0003] To address the short-circuit risk at the DO port, there are two common protection measures: one is to connect a positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) in series at the output terminal, using the rapid increase in resistance caused by the PTC element's own heating to limit the current; the other method is to connect a fixed-value current-limiting resistor in series at the output terminal, using the current-limiting effect of the fixed-value resistor to control the peak value of the short-circuit current, so as to avoid excessive current from damaging the device.
[0004] However, the existing protection technologies mentioned above all have significant drawbacks. For example, the protection method using PTC elements suffers from a lack of instantaneous response when a short circuit occurs because the thermal effect of the PTC element's resistance change requires a certain amount of time to accumulate. This results in a large inrush current flowing through the short circuit, easily damaging internal components. While the series current-limiting resistor method offers a rapid response, the fixed resistor always exhibits a significant voltage drop under normal operating conditions, severely reducing the output port's load-carrying capacity and failing to meet the requirements of some high-current loads or voltage-sensitive loads, thus limiting the overall system performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a short-circuit protection circuit solution for the DO port that offers rapid response, reliable protection, and minimal impact on normal load-carrying capacity. Utility Model Content
[0005] One objective of this application is to provide a short-circuit protection circuit and a battery management system, which aims to solve the technical problem of the battery management system having a relatively slow short-circuit response.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, this application provides a short-circuit protection circuit that can be used in a battery management system, comprising: a current sampling module connected in series in the power output path corresponding to the output port of the battery management system, for sampling the current of the power output path; a switching module connected in series in the power output path, for controlling the on / off state of the power output path; and a control module connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module and the controlled terminal of the switching module respectively, for controlling the switching module to disconnect the power output path when the current sampled by the current sampling module is overcurrent.
[0007] The short-circuit protection circuit provided in this application includes a current sampling module, a switching module, and a control module. The current sampling module is connected in series in the power output path of the battery management system output port, sampling the current flowing through this path in real time. The control module is connected to both the current sampling module and the switching module, acquiring the sampled current information and controlling the switching module. When the sampled current exceeds a set overcurrent threshold, the control module sends a control signal to the switching module, driving it to disconnect, thereby cutting off the power output path and achieving circuit protection. This structure enables real-time monitoring of the output current and cuts off the output path when abnormal currents such as short circuits or overloads occur, protecting downstream and internal system components from damage.
[0008] In existing technologies, PTC thermistors rely on thermal effects, resulting in slow response times and delayed protection actions during short circuits, posing a significant risk of inrush current. While current-limiting resistors offer fast responses, they inevitably introduce voltage drops under normal operating conditions, impacting the system's load-carrying capacity. Compared to existing PTC thermistor or current-limiting resistor solutions, this application electronically samples the output current in real time and rapidly cuts off the output path during overcurrent, achieving rapid response and effectively preventing damage to system components from large currents during short circuits or overloads. Furthermore, this solution causes virtually no additional voltage drop to the output path under normal operating conditions, ensuring the normal output capability of the battery management system, improving system safety and reliability, and overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies.
[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, it further includes: an amplification module connected between the current sampling module and the control module, used to amplify the current sampled by the current sampling module and output it to the control module.
[0010] In this embodiment, the introduction of the amplification module can amplify the weak current signal acquired by the current sampling module, enabling the subsequent control module to detect overcurrent or short-circuit conditions more sensitively and accurately, avoiding misjudgment or missed judgment due to insufficient sampling signal, thereby improving the response speed and reliability of the short-circuit protection circuit. At the same time, the amplification module also reduces the accuracy requirements of the sampling elements, which is conducive to the miniaturization and cost reduction of the circuit, and can achieve higher accuracy and more stable short-circuit protection compared with the prior art.
[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the current sampling module includes a first resistor, the amplification module includes an operational amplifier and a second resistor, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the first resistor, the first input terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier via the second resistor, the second input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the ground of the battery management system, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the control module, for amplifying the current sampled by the current sampling module and outputting it to the control module.
[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the amplification module further includes: a third resistor connected between the first input terminal of the operational amplifier and the first terminal of the first resistor; a fourth resistor connected between the second input terminal of the operational amplifier and the second terminal of the first resistor; and a fifth resistor connected between the second input terminal of the operational amplifier and the ground of the battery management system.
[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, it further includes a drive module connected between the output terminal of the control module and the controlled terminal of the switch module, for amplifying the drive signal output by the control module and outputting it to the controlled terminal of the switch module.
[0014] Adding a drive module modulates the weaker control signal output from the control module, ensuring reliable and rapid operation of the switching module. This not only enhances the driving capability and response speed of the switching module, ensuring timely and effective disconnection of the power output path in the event of a short circuit or overcurrent, but also strengthens the adaptability of the entire protection circuit to high-current, high-power applications. It overcomes problems such as protection failure or delayed action due to insufficient driving capability in existing technologies, further improving system safety and reliability.
[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the driving module includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The second transistor is connected between the controlled terminal of the switching module and the ground of the battery management system. The first transistor is connected between the base of the second transistor and the ground of the battery management system. The base of the first transistor is connected to the output terminal of the control module to receive a driving signal. The base of the second transistor serves as the controlled terminal of the driving module.
[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the control module includes a comparator, a first input terminal of the comparator being connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module, a second input terminal of the comparator being connected to a reference voltage generating circuit to receive a reference voltage, and an output terminal of the comparator being connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module.
[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the reference voltage generating circuit includes: a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor connected in series between the ground of the fixed voltage source and the battery management system, wherein the connection node between the sixth resistor and the seventh resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the comparator for outputting a reference voltage.
[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the switching module includes a third transistor, the base of which serves as the controlled terminal of the switching module.
[0019] Secondly, this application also provides a battery management system, including the short-circuit protection circuit of the above embodiments.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the second aspect can be referred to in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and will not be elaborated here. Based on the implementations provided in the above aspects, this application can also be further combined to provide more implementations.
[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of this application will be partly apparent from the description below, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this application. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the short-circuit protection circuit provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0024] Explanation of icon numbers: 101. Current sampling module; 102. Switching module; 103. Control module; 104. Amplification module; 105. Driver module; R1. First resistor; R2. Second resistor; R3. Third resistor; R4. Fourth resistor; R5. Fifth resistor; R6. Sixth resistor; R7. Seventh resistor; R8. Eighth resistor; R9. Ninth resistor; Q1. First transistor; Q2. Second transistor; Q3. Third transistor; GND. Ground; V0. Fixed voltage source. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0026] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, battery management systems (BMS) have been widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and consumer electronics. BMS systems typically have multiple digital output ports (DO ports) for powering external loads, driving relays, and controlling peripheral circuits. However, due to the complexity of real-world application environments, DO ports are susceptible to short-circuit risks. In the event of a short circuit, the instantaneous high current can damage power switching transistors and control circuits, and may even lead to safety accidents.
[0027] For short circuits at the DO port, commonly used protection measures include series PTC thermistors and current-limiting resistors. PTC components limit current by increasing resistance due to heat generation, but their response speed is limited, and a large inrush current can still occur during a short circuit, threatening internal components. While current-limiting resistors respond quickly, their fixed voltage drop reduces the port's load-carrying capacity, making them particularly unsuitable for high-current or voltage-sensitive loads. Existing technologies struggle to balance response speed, reliability, and output performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a DO port short-circuit protection circuit that offers fast response, reliable protection, and minimal impact on normal output capability to improve overall system safety and performance.
[0028] Please refer to Figure 1As shown, in a first aspect, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a short-circuit protection circuit that can be used in a battery management system, including: a current sampling module 101, connected in series in the power output path corresponding to the output port of the battery management system, for sampling the current of the power output path; a switch module 102, connected in series in the power output path, for controlling the on / off state of the power output path; and a control module 103, connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module 101 and the controlled terminal of the switch module 102 respectively, for controlling the switch module 102 to disconnect the power output path when the current sampled by the current sampling module 101 is overcurrent.
[0029] In existing technologies, PTC thermistors rely on thermal effects, have slow response speeds, and lag in protection actions when a short circuit occurs, posing a significant risk of inrush current. While current-limiting resistors have fast responses, they inevitably cause voltage drops under normal operating conditions, affecting the system's load-carrying capacity.
[0030] The short-circuit protection circuit provided in this application includes a current sampling module 101, a switching module 102, and a control module 103. In the diagram, V+ represents the source voltage of the output port DO. The current sampling module 101 is connected in series between the source voltage and the output port, sampling the current flowing through this path in real time. The control module 103 is connected to both the current sampling module 101 and the switching module 102, enabling it to acquire the sampled current information and control the switching module 102. When the sampled current exceeds a set overcurrent threshold, the control module 103 sends a control signal to the switching module 102, driving it to disconnect, thereby cutting off the power output path and achieving circuit protection. This structure enables real-time monitoring of the output current and cuts off the output path when abnormal currents such as short circuits or overloads occur, protecting downstream and internal system components from damage.
[0031] Compared to existing PTC thermistors or current-limiting resistors, this application electronically samples the output current in real time and quickly cuts off the output path in case of overcurrent, achieving rapid response and effectively preventing damage to system components from large currents during short circuits or overloads. Simultaneously, this solution causes almost no additional voltage drop to the output path under normal operating conditions, ensuring the normal output capability of the battery management system, improving system safety and reliability, and overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies.
[0032] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, it further includes: an amplification module 104 connected between the current sampling module 101 and the control module 103, used to amplify the current sampled by the current sampling module 101 and output it to the control module 103.
[0033] In this embodiment, the introduction of the amplification module 104 can amplify the weak current signal acquired by the current sampling module 101, enabling the subsequent control module 103 to detect overcurrent or short circuit conditions more sensitively and accurately, avoiding misjudgment or missed judgment due to insufficient sampling signal, thereby improving the response speed and reliability of the short circuit protection circuit. At the same time, the setting of the amplification module 104 also reduces the accuracy requirements of the sampling element, which is conducive to the miniaturization and cost reduction of the circuit, and can achieve higher accuracy and more stable short circuit protection compared with the prior art.
[0034] Specifically, the amplification module 104 can have various structural components. For example, in one embodiment of the application, the current sampling module 101 includes a first resistor R1, and the amplification module 104 includes an operational amplifier and a second resistor R2. The first input terminal and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the first resistor R1. The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier via the second resistor R2. The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the ground GND of the battery management system, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the control module 103 for amplifying the current sampled by the current sampling module 101 and outputting it to the control module 103.
[0035] The current sampling module 101 uses a first resistor R1 connected in series to sample the output current in real time. The current in the power output path is the quotient of the voltage drop across the first resistor R1 and its resistance value. That is, the first resistor R1 converts the current signal flowing through the power output path into a voltage signal. Since the voltage signal generated across the sampling resistor is usually quite weak, its direct use in subsequent circuits may be affected by noise and other factors, making it difficult to achieve high-precision overcurrent detection. In this embodiment, an amplification module 104 is used to amplify the voltage signal across the sampling resistor.
[0036] The two input terminals of the operational amplifier are connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor, respectively. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is fed back to the first input terminal of the operational amplifier via the second resistor R2. When the voltage difference between the first and second input terminals increases, it indicates that there is an overcurrent in the power supply output path, thereby driving the output terminal of the operational amplifier to output a high voltage. The amplified current detection signal is output to the control module 103, enabling the control module 103 to more sensitively and accurately determine whether the current in the output path exceeds the normal range. Once an overcurrent or short circuit abnormality is detected, the control module 103 can promptly send a disconnect signal to the switching module 102 to quickly cut off the power supply output path, effectively protecting system components from damage. The amplification module 104 not only improves the system's response speed to abnormal currents and the reliability of protection, but also reduces the dependence on the accuracy of components such as the sampling resistor, facilitating circuit miniaturization and low-cost implementation.
[0037] Furthermore, the amplification module 104 also includes: a third resistor R3, connected between the first input terminal of the operational amplifier and the first terminal of the first resistor R1; a fourth resistor R4, connected between the second input terminal of the operational amplifier and the second terminal of the first resistor R1; and a fifth resistor R5, connected between the second input terminal of the operational amplifier and the ground GND of the battery management system.
[0038] For example, if the resistance values of the second resistor R2 and the fifth resistor R5 are set to be the same, and the resistance values of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are set to be the same, then the ratio of the output voltage of the operational amplifier to the voltage drop of the first resistor R1 is the ratio of the resistance values of the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3.
[0039] The placement of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 helps to shunt the current at the operational amplifier's input, reducing measurement errors caused by input bias current and thus improving sampling accuracy. Simultaneously, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected between the second terminal of the first resistor R1 and the battery management system's ground (GND), providing a stable reference voltage to the operational amplifier's second input terminal. This allows the operational amplifier to more accurately compare voltage changes across the sampling resistor. In this way, malfunctions caused by floating or interference at the input terminal can be effectively prevented, improving the accuracy and stability of signal amplification.
[0040] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, a drive module 105 is further included, connected between the output terminal of the control module 103 and the controlled terminal of the switch module 102, for amplifying the drive signal output by the control module 103 and outputting it to the controlled terminal of the switch module 102.
[0041] The addition of the drive module 105 modulates the weaker control signal output by the control module 103, ensuring reliable and rapid operation of the switch module 102. This not only enhances the drive capability and response speed of the switch module 102, ensuring timely and effective disconnection of the power output path in the event of a short circuit or overcurrent, but also strengthens the adaptability of the entire protection circuit to high-current, high-power applications. It overcomes problems such as protection failure or delayed action due to insufficient drive capability in existing technologies, further improving system safety and reliability.
[0042] For example, the drive module 105 includes a first transistor Q1 and a second transistor Q2. The second transistor Q2 is connected between the controlled terminal of the switch module 102 and the ground GND of the battery management system. The first transistor Q1 is connected between the base of the second transistor Q2 and the ground GND of the battery management system. The base of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the control module 103 to receive drive signals. The base of the second transistor Q2 serves as the controlled terminal of the drive module 105.
[0043] In this embodiment, the first transistor Q1 amplifies the drive signal output by the control module 103. When the control module 103 outputs a high-level signal, the first transistor Q1 is turned on, thereby grounding the base of the second transistor Q2 and turning off the second transistor Q2. After the second transistor Q2 is turned on, it increases the voltage at the controlled terminal of the switch module 102, realizing reliable driving and control of the switch module 102. In this way, even if the output capability of the control module 103 itself is weak, the signal amplification function of the drive module 105 can ensure that the switch module 102 can respond quickly and reliably, avoiding problems such as slow switch response or protection failure caused by insufficient driving capability.
[0044] In this embodiment, the first transistor Q1 is normally in the off state, and its base is connected between the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9. The other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the fixed voltage source V0, and the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the ground GND of the battery management system.
[0045] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the switching module 102 includes a third transistor Q3, the base of which serves as the controlled terminal of the switching module 102.
[0046] This embodiment provides a specific structure for the switch module 102. The base of the third transistor Q3 serves as the controlled terminal of the switch module 102, used to receive the amplified drive signal output from the drive module 105. In the embodiment including the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2, when the third transistor Q3 is working normally, its base is grounded, and the third transistor Q3 is conducting, allowing the battery management system's output port to output current normally. When the second transistor Q2 is turned off, the base voltage of the third transistor Q3 is raised, and the third transistor Q3 is turned off, stopping the battery management system from outputting current. This switch module 102 structure enables efficient and rapid control of the power output path, improving the system's safety protection capabilities under high current and high power scenarios. It also simplifies the drive design of the switch module 102, facilitating subsequent system maintenance and expansion.
[0047] In conjunction with the first aspect, according to one embodiment of this application, the control module 103 includes a comparator, the first input terminal of the comparator is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module 101, the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage generation circuit to receive the reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the controlled terminal of the switch module 102.
[0048] In this embodiment, the control module 103 compares the detection signal output by the current sampling module 101 with the reference voltage in real time through a comparator. When the detection signal exceeds the set threshold, the comparator outputs a high level to the downstream module, thereby realizing a rapid response to abnormal conditions and automatic power disconnection, effectively improving the safety and reliability of the circuit.
[0049] Specifically, the reference voltage generation circuit includes a sixth resistor R6 and a seventh resistor R7 connected in series between the fixed voltage source V0 and the ground GND of the battery management system. The connection node between the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the second input terminal of the comparator for outputting the reference voltage.
[0050] This embodiment provides a specific implementation method for the reference voltage. The sum of the voltage drops of the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 is the voltage value output by the fixed voltage source V0. The ratio of the voltage drops of the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 is the ratio of their resistance values. By balancing the resistance ratio of the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7, the required reference voltage can be flexibly adjusted between the fixed voltage source V0 and 0V.
[0051] Secondly, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application also provides a battery management system, including the short-circuit protection circuit of the above embodiments.
[0052] Since the battery management system provided in the second aspect of this application includes the short-circuit protection circuit of the above embodiments, the battery management system has the technical effects of the short-circuit protection circuit described above. Based on the implementations provided in the above aspects, this application can also make further combinations to provide more implementations.
[0053] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this application and in its specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
[0054] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of protection of the claims. All equivalent transformations made based on the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of patent protection of this application.
Claims
1. A short-circuit protection circuit, which can be used in a battery management system, characterized in that, include: A current sampling module is connected in series in the power output path corresponding to the output port of the battery management system, and is used to sample the current of the power output path; A switching module, connected in series in the power output path, is used to control the on / off state of the power output path; The control module is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module and the controlled terminal of the switching module, respectively, and is used to control the switching module to disconnect the power output path when the current sampled by the current sampling module is overcurrent.
2. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An amplification module is connected between the current sampling module and the control module, and is used to amplify the current sampled by the current sampling module and output it to the control module.
3. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current sampling module includes a first resistor, and the amplification module includes an operational amplifier and a second resistor. The first input terminal and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the first resistor. The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier via the second resistor. The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the ground of the battery management system, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the control module for amplifying the current sampled by the current sampling module and outputting it to the control module.
4. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The amplification module also includes: The third resistor is connected between the first input terminal of the operational amplifier and the first terminal of the first resistor; The fourth resistor is connected between the second input terminal of the operational amplifier and the second terminal of the first resistor; The fifth resistor is connected between the second input terminal of the operational amplifier and the ground of the battery management system.
5. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drive module, which is connected between the output terminal of the control module and the controlled terminal of the switch module, and is used to amplify the drive signal output by the control module and output it to the controlled terminal of the switch module.
6. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The driving module includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The second transistor is connected between the controlled terminal of the switching module and the ground of the battery management system. The first transistor is connected between the base of the second transistor and the ground of the battery management system. The base of the first transistor is connected to the output terminal of the control module to receive the driving signal. The base of the second transistor serves as the controlled terminal of the driving module.
7. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a comparator. The first input terminal of the comparator is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling module, the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage generation circuit to receive the reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module.
8. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reference voltage generation circuit includes a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor connected in series between the fixed voltage source and the ground of the battery management system. The connection node between the sixth resistor and the seventh resistor is connected to the second input terminal of the comparator for outputting the reference voltage.
9. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching module includes a third transistor, the base of which serves as the controlled terminal of the switching module.
10. A battery management system, characterized in that, Includes the short-circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 1-9.