A voltage equalization device for an energy storage system battery pack

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of voltage equalization devices of energy storage system battery pack, comprising: acquisition module, transformer, total control module, power module, power control module and equalization box;The acquisition module is set on battery pack, the power control module is set on power module, the battery pack, total control module, transformer, equalization box are sequentially connected in series;The cabinet door of the equalization box is provided with a travel switch, the output end of the power module is provided with a manual maintenance switch, the total control module is connected with travel switch and manual maintenance switch, when any switch in travel switch and manual maintenance switch is in disconnected state, the total control module cuts off the output of power control module.This device is balanced to target battery by real-time data analysis, interlock and circuit detection, the design of multi-parameter hierarchical control, and realizes electrical safety protection, the goal of accurate equalization effect in the process of battery voltage equalization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage battery technology, and specifically to a voltage equalization device for an energy storage system battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] In long-term storage and operation scenarios of energy storage systems, differences in self-discharge characteristics or inconsistent performance of battery cells can easily lead to voltage imbalance within the system. During the charging and discharging process at the site, if the voltage difference between battery packs is too large, it will significantly reduce the depth of discharge of the energy storage system, directly affecting the site's operating efficiency and economic benefits, and may even cause safety hazards due to voltage unevenness.

[0003] Existing voltage equalization technologies are mainly implemented by integrating a control module, a charging module, a discharging module, and other additional modules. The control module sends commands to the charging and discharging modules to perform charging and discharging operations on the target battery pack in order to adjust its voltage to the target value.

[0004] However, existing voltage equalization technologies can lead to unexpected situations such as software control failures, accidental touches by personnel, and unexpected short circuits during implementation. They cannot automatically cut off the power supply during maintenance or in case of emergencies, posing potential safety risks to maintenance personnel and easily causing safety accidents such as accidental electric shock or short circuits. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention proposes a voltage equalization device for battery packs in energy storage systems, which solves the problem that existing technologies are prone to causing safety accidents such as accidental electric shock or short circuits.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a voltage equalization device for a battery pack in an energy storage system, comprising:

[0007] Acquisition module, transformer, main control module, power supply module, power control module, and equalization box;

[0008] The acquisition module is mounted on the battery pack, the power control module is mounted on the power module, and the battery pack, main control module, transformer, and equalization box are connected in series.

[0009] The equalization box is equipped with a limit switch on its door, and the power module is equipped with a manual maintenance switch at its output terminal. The main control module is connected to the limit switch and the manual maintenance switch. When either the limit switch or the manual maintenance switch is in the open state, the main control module cuts off the output of the power control module.

[0010] Preferably, a temperature control switch is provided between the battery pack and the main control module.

[0011] Preferably, a voltage comparison module and a relay are provided between the battery pack and the main control module.

[0012] Preferably, the battery pack and the transformer are connected via a high-voltage connector.

[0013] Preferably, a high-voltage interlock detector is provided between the manual maintenance switch and the high-voltage connector.

[0014] Preferably, the acquisition module is connected to the battery pack via a pluggable connector.

[0015] Preferably, the outside of the equalization box is provided with a protective shell.

[0016] Preferably, a supercapacitor is provided between the power module and the transformer.

[0017] The advantages of this utility model include at least the following:

[0018] 1. The limit switch on the door of the equalization box and the manual maintenance switch at the output of the power module are connected to the main control module. When either the limit switch or the manual maintenance switch is in the open state, the main control module can cut off the output of the power control module in time to prevent the device from continuing to operate under maintenance or accidental conditions, avoid accidental electric shock or short circuit and other safety accidents, improve the safety of the device and provide protection for maintenance personnel.

[0019] 2. The power supply module supplies power to the entire device through the power control module and is controlled by the main control module. It can flexibly adjust the power output according to actual needs to achieve efficient power management and utilization and ensure the stable operation of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control strategy of the master control module in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Acquisition module; 2-Transformer; 3-Main control module; 4-Power supply module; 5-Power control and module; 6-Equalization box; 61-Limit switch; 7-Battery pack; 8-Manual maintenance switch; 9-Temperature control switch; 10-Voltage comparison module; 11-Relay; 12-High voltage connector; 13-High voltage interlock detector. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] Existing voltage equalization devices lack effective strategies for monitoring overcharging and over-discharging issues that easily occur during the charging and discharging of energy storage batteries. This can easily lead to overcharging and over-discharging, which not only damages battery performance but also poses significant safety hazards. Furthermore, there are no safe and reliable hardware solutions designed to prevent unforeseen events such as software control failures, accidental human intervention, and unexpected short circuits, making it difficult to ensure the stable operation of the energy storage system. Moreover, existing voltage equalization devices typically only compare the current voltage of the target battery with the target voltage in the equalization command to initiate or stop the equalization process, which cannot meet the complex and ever-changing voltage equalization requirements of energy storage systems.

[0025] This utility model aims to address the problems of lack of software protection strategies, insufficient hardware protection, and single balancing strategies in existing energy storage system battery pack balancing devices. It proposes a voltage balancing device for energy storage system battery packs. Through real-time data analysis and prediction, interlocking and circuit detection, and multi-parameter hierarchical control design, the device balances the target battery and achieves the goals of electrical safety protection and accurate balancing effect during the battery voltage balancing process.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: acquisition module 1, transformer 2, main control module 3, power supply module 4, power control module 5, and equalization box 6.

[0027] Specifically, the acquisition module 1 is installed on the battery pack 7 to acquire parameters such as voltage and temperature of the battery pack in real time, and transmit the parameters to the main control module 3 through signal lines.

[0028] After receiving the parameters of the battery pack 7, the main control module 3 analyzes the voltage difference and status of the battery pack 7, generates control commands, and dynamically adjusts the output current of the power module 4 through the power control module 5 integrated on the power module 4.

[0029] The output of power module 4 is connected to transformer 2. Transformer 2 adjusts the output voltage of power module 4 according to the voltage requirements of battery pack 7 collected by acquisition module 1 to ensure that the power supply matches the charging or discharging requirements of battery pack 7. The adjusted power supply is then transmitted to battery pack 7 through equalization box 6 to perform equalization.

[0030] The equalization box 6 is equipped with a limit switch 61 on its door, and a manual maintenance switch 8 is installed at the output terminal of the power module 4. The main control module 3 receives status signals from the limit switch 61 and the manual maintenance switch 8. When the box door is opened, i.e., when the limit switch 61 or the manual maintenance switch 8 is opened, the main control module 3 cuts off the output of the power control module 5 through the circuit breaker 31, forcibly disconnecting the equalization circuit to prevent the risk of misoperation or live maintenance.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the control logic of the master control module 3 in this embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0032] S1: Receives the highest internal temperature Tmax1 of the battery pack, the current voltage U1 of the battery pack, the voltage U2 of the battery pack after Δt, the target equalization voltage Umax of the battery pack, and the highest temperature threshold Tmax of the battery pack collected by the acquisition module.

[0033] S2: Based on the collected voltage data, calculate the slope k1 of the linear trend of voltage change to assess the speed and direction of voltage change, providing a basis for subsequent battery status judgment.

[0034] S3: Utilize information from the historical charge / discharge database to perform data prediction. The prediction content includes: the highest temperature Tmax0 inside the battery pack within the next time step Δt. Voltage change trend at time and the highest voltage of the battery pack These predicted data will be compared with real-time collected data to identify potential risks in advance.

[0035] S4: Compare the current battery pack voltage U1 with the target equalization voltage Umax. If U1 > Umax, send an equalization completion signal and end the equalization process, indicating that the battery has reached a relatively ideal voltage balance state and no further equalization processing is needed; otherwise, proceed to the next step of temperature judgment and proceed to S5.

[0036] S5: Compare the highest temperature Tmax1 collected with the temperature threshold Tmax. If Tmax1 > Tmax, it indicates that the battery temperature is too high, which may affect battery performance and safety. At this time, a first-level temperature warning signal is sent and the equalization circuit is disconnected; otherwise, continue to judge the voltage and proceed to S6.

[0037] S6: Compare the battery pack voltage U2 after Δt with the highest voltage U0. If U2 > U0, it means that the battery voltage has risen abnormally and there is a risk of overvoltage. Send a first-level voltage warning signal and reduce the output current of power module 4 to 5% of the set current value. Use pulse charging method, charge for 10 seconds and rest for 5 seconds. This strategy can effectively limit the voltage from rising further and protect the battery. Otherwise, enter the slope judgment stage and proceed to S7.

[0038] S7: Compare the current voltage change slope k1 with the predicted voltage change trend k0. If k1 > k0, it indicates that the voltage change rate is abnormal and there may be unstable factors. Send a first-level voltage warning signal and reduce the output current of power module 4 to 50% of the set current value to ensure that the battery operates within a safe voltage change range; otherwise, perform temperature judgment again and proceed to S8.

[0039] S8: Compare Tmax1 and Tmax again. If Tmax1 > Tmax, send a secondary temperature warning signal and reduce the output current of power module 4 to 50% of the set current value to further control temperature risk; otherwise, set the output current of power module 4 to the set current value.

[0040] A temperature control switch 9 is installed between the battery pack 7 and the main control module 3.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment of the present invention, a temperature control switch KTS1 is provided. When the temperature probe of the temperature control switch 9 detects that the temperature of the battery pack is less than the set value t1, the switch is closed; when the temperature of the battery pack is detected to be greater than the set value t1, the switch is opened, cutting off the equalization circuit.

[0042] The temperature probe of the temperature control switch 9 can monitor the temperature changes of the battery pack 7 in real time. When the temperature rises or falls abnormally, the temperature control switch can promptly provide feedback to the main control module 3. The main control module 3 controls the heating or cooling system in the energy storage system to regulate the operating temperature of the battery pack 7, effectively preventing battery performance degradation, shortened lifespan, or even safety hazards caused by abnormal temperatures, and ensuring that the battery pack 7 operates stably at a suitable temperature.

[0043] A voltage comparison module 10 and a relay 11 are provided between the battery pack 7 and the main control module 3.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment of the utility model, a voltage comparison module 10 and a relay K1 are provided. Uin1 is set as the target battery voltage, and Uin2 is set as a constant voltage source. The voltage comparison module 10 outputs a signal. When Uin1 ≥ Uin2, the voltage comparison module 10 outputs a voltage signal Uout, triggering the relay K1 to disconnect, cutting off the equalization circuit, and avoiding performance degradation, shortened lifespan, or even safety hazards caused by overcharging and discharging of the battery.

[0045] The voltage comparison module 10 and the relay 11 work together to make the equalization control more precise. The equalization circuit will only be cut off when the battery voltage exceeds the set voltage range, ensuring that the voltage equalization operation in the battery pack 7 can be carried out normally within the normal voltage range, effectively reducing the voltage difference between individual battery cells and improving the overall performance and consistency of the battery pack 7.

[0046] The combination of voltage comparison module 10 and relay 11 provides a simple and effective voltage protection mechanism for the energy storage system, reducing the risk of system failure due to battery voltage issues and improving the reliability and maintainability of the energy storage system. In the event of equipment maintenance or a failure, relay 11 can quickly disconnect the equalization circuit, ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel and facilitating fault diagnosis and repair of the energy storage system.

[0047] The battery pack 7 and the transformer 2 are connected by a high-voltage connector 12.

[0048] Specifically, the high-voltage connector 12 typically employs high-quality conductive materials and advanced manufacturing processes to effectively reduce the resistance at the connection point. During high-voltage transmission, a low-resistance connection can reduce power loss, improve power transmission efficiency, and ensure that as much of the power transmitted from the battery pack 7 to the transformer 2 is utilized as possible, rather than being wasted on heat generation at the connection point.

[0049] A high-voltage interlock detector 13 is installed between the manual maintenance switch 8 and the high-voltage connector 12.

[0050] Specifically, the high-voltage interlock detector 13 can monitor the status of the manual maintenance switch 8 in real time. When the manual maintenance switch 8 is in the open state, the high-voltage interlock detector 13 can ensure that the high-voltage connector 12 will not be accidentally energized, effectively preventing maintenance personnel from accidentally touching the energized high-voltage connector during operation, avoiding electric shock accidents, and ensuring the personal safety of maintenance personnel.

[0051] During normal equipment operation, the high-voltage interlock detector 13 prevents accidental disconnection or closure of the high-voltage circuit due to misoperation. The high-voltage circuit is only permitted to be energized or de-energized after the manual maintenance switch 8 is in the correct position and has been safely verified, reducing safety hazards caused by human error and improving system safety.

[0052] The data acquisition module 1 is connected to the battery pack 7 via a pluggable connector.

[0053] Specifically, the pluggable connector design makes connecting and disconnecting the data acquisition module 1 and the battery pack 7 simple and convenient. During installation, no complicated tools or cumbersome wiring operations are required; simply insert the data acquisition module 1 into the corresponding slot to complete the connection, significantly saving installation time and improving efficiency. Furthermore, in routine maintenance and repairs, if the data acquisition module 1 malfunctions or requires upgrading, it can be quickly removed for replacement or repair, reducing downtime and lowering maintenance costs.

[0054] The outside of the equalization box 6 is equipped with a protective shell.

[0055] Specifically, the protective casing effectively prevents personnel from accidentally touching live or working mechanical parts inside the equalization box 6 during operation or maintenance, avoiding safety accidents such as electric shock and mechanical injury, and ensuring personnel safety. It also prevents foreign objects such as dust, debris, and liquids from entering the equalization box 6, avoiding contamination, short circuits, or damage to internal electronic components, circuit boards, and connecting wires, thus improving the reliability and stability of the equipment and reducing the risk of malfunctions caused by foreign objects.

[0056] A supercapacitor is installed between power module 4 and transformer 2.

[0057] Specifically, supercapacitors possess extremely high power density. When the output voltage of power module 4 experiences a momentary drop or fluctuation, the supercapacitor can promptly replenish energy, stabilizing the voltage between power module 4 and transformer 2. This reduces the impact of voltage fluctuations on transformer 2 and subsequent circuits, improves the power quality of the entire energy storage system, and ensures stable operation of the equipment. When transformer 2 requires a large instantaneous current, the supercapacitor can rapidly release a significant amount of energy to provide that current, ensuring stable operation of transformer 2 and preventing transformer malfunction or damage due to insufficient instantaneous power from power module 4.

[0058] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. Only preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown, and the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. As long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered as within the scope of this specification.

[0059] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A voltage equalization apparatus for an energy storage system battery pack, comprising: Include: Collecting module (1), transformer (2), total control module (3), power module (4), power control module (5) and equalization box (6); The collecting module (1) is used to set on the battery pack (7), the power control module (5) is set on the power module (4), the battery pack (7), the total control module (3), the equalization box (6), the transformer (2) and the power module (4) are sequentially connected in series; The equalization box (6) is provided with a travel switch (61) on the door, the output end of the power module (4) is provided with a manual maintenance switch (8), the total control module (3) is connected with the travel switch (61) and the manual maintenance switch (8), when anyone of the travel switch (61) and the manual maintenance switch (8) is in the off state, the total control module (3) cuts off the output of the power control module (5).

2. The voltage equalization apparatus of a battery pack of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature control switch (9) is arranged between the battery pack (7) and the total control module (3).

3. The voltage equalization apparatus of a battery pack of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The voltage comparison module (10) and the relay (11) are arranged between the battery pack (7) and the total control module (3).

4. The voltage equalization apparatus of a battery pack of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The battery pack (7) and the transformer (2) are connected through the high-voltage connector (12).

5. The voltage equalization apparatus of a battery pack of an energy storage system according to claim 4, wherein: The high-voltage interlock detector (13) is arranged between the manual maintenance switch (8) and the high-voltage connector (12).

6. The voltage equalization apparatus of a battery pack of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The collecting module (1) is connected with the battery pack (7) through the plug-in connector.

7. The voltage equalization apparatus of a battery pack of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The equalization box (6) is provided with a protective shell on the outside.

8. The voltage equalization apparatus of a battery pack of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein: The super capacitor is arranged between the power module (4) and the transformer (2).

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