An outer encoder assembly, wheel hub motor and electric vehicle

Abstract

A kind of wheel hub motor and electric car of external encoder assembly, including support shaft, stator arranged on support shaft and wheel hub, wheel hub includes two end covers oppositely, chamber is formed in wheel hub, and stator is located in chamber;Support shaft passes through two end covers, and the outside of end cover is provided with containing groove around support shaft, and inductive magnet is arranged in containing groove close to one side of end cover;Magnetic encoder is arranged on support shaft and cooperates with inductive magnet, and magnetic encoder is located in containing groove, and shaft sleeve is sleeved on support shaft, and annular rotary sealing element is arranged between the outer side wall of shaft sleeve and the inner wall of containing groove.The utility model has the following advantages compared with prior art:in the scheme, the structure of inductive magnet and outer sleeve annular rotary sealing element rotating cooperation is used for the plugging design of containing groove, and the structure is simple, component is few, assembly is convenient, and reliability is high;Magnetic encoder can also be indirectly fixedly connected with support shaft by shaft sleeve, and magnetic encoder and shaft sleeve can be fixed together during assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to hub motors, specifically to hub motors with external encoder assemblies and electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of electric bicycles and electric motorcycles in the market, the demands on the performance and functionality of electric vehicles are also rising. Most existing two-wheeled electric vehicle hub motors use Hall effect sensors to detect changes in the magnetic field, converting the magnetic signal into an electrical signal and transmitting it to the controller. When the motor uses Hall elements to collect rotor information, the poor temperature characteristics of the Hall elements cause high internal temperatures during heavy motor operation, easily damaging the Hall elements and affecting their accuracy and sensitivity. Damaged Hall element output signals further affect the controller's control accuracy, impacting motor operating characteristics and reducing overall riding comfort. High temperatures can even directly cause irreparable damage to the Hall elements, affecting the motor's lifespan. Furthermore, when using high-power, high-speed motors, the continuous increase in load current causes the induced electromotive force generated in the motor's internal winding coils to significantly affect the Hall elements' acquisition of permanent magnet rotor position information, directly leading to rotor position distortion. This prevents the controller from accurately controlling motor commutation, causing the motor to stop working directly. Finally, the Hall elements are installed in the Hall slots of the stator core inside the motor, making them susceptible to mechanical damage during installation, affecting their lifespan.

[0003] Modern hub motors are increasingly using encoders instead of Hall effect sensors to collect rotor information. However, when the encoder is located inside the hub motor and fails, the hub motor often needs to be returned to the manufacturer for repair. This results in high transportation and repair costs for hub motors, and the need to open the hub motor to replace the encoder compromises its sealing, increasing the risk of water ingress.

[0004] For example, the publication number CN221177479U, entitled "A Fixing Device for Encoders," discloses a technical solution for mounting the encoder on the outside of a hub motor. However, this solution requires a dedicated cable routing channel to be created on the support shaft to bring the encoder cable out, resulting in high manufacturing complexity and production costs. Secondly, this solution uses a sealing cover to partially seal the opening of the encoder recess. The sealing cover is connected to an annular barrier, and an oil seal is installed between the sealing cover and the outer wall of the motor shaft. Connecting the sealing cover to the annular barrier is difficult, requiring increased thickness of the annular barrier to secure the sealing cover to it with bolts, leading to high production costs and numerous assembly steps. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a hub motor and electric vehicle with an external encoder assembly.

[0006] The main technical solution of the hub motor with external encoder assembly provided by this utility model is as follows: it includes a support shaft, a stator and a hub mounted on the support shaft. The hub includes two end caps arranged opposite each other, and a cavity is formed inside the hub, with the stator located inside the cavity. The stator includes a stator bracket fixed on the support shaft and a stator core mounted on the outer periphery of the stator bracket. The support shaft passes through the two end caps. The characteristic feature is that the outer side of one end cap is provided with a receiving groove around the support shaft, and an induction magnet is provided in the receiving groove on the side near the end cap. A magnetic encoder that cooperates with the induction magnet is provided on the support shaft. The magnetic encoder is located in the receiving groove, and a gap is formed between the magnetic encoder and the inner wall of the receiving groove. A bushing is fitted on the support shaft, and an annular rotary seal is provided between the outer wall of the bushing and the inner wall of the receiving groove. The magnetic encoder is fixedly connected to the support shaft and / or the bushing, and the induction magnet rotates synchronously with the end cap.

[0007] The hub motor with the external encoder assembly provided by this utility model also adopts the following auxiliary technical solutions:

[0008] Preferably, the bushing is provided with a plug-in terminal, one end of which is electrically connected to the magnetic encoder, and the other end of which is exposed on the outside of the bushing.

[0009] Preferably, the bushing has a terminal hole, and the plug-in terminal is embedded in the terminal hole.

[0010] Preferably, both ends of the plug-in terminal are plug-in interfaces, and the plug-in interface located inside the bushing is plugged into and cooperates with the magnetic encoder.

[0011] Preferably, the outer wall of the support shaft is provided with a wire groove, and the bushing is fitted on the part opposite to the wire groove. The length of the wire groove is greater than the axial length of the bushing. It also includes an encoder connecting wire, which passes through the wire groove, with one end connected to the magnetic encoder and the other end exposed.

[0012] Preferably, the support shaft is provided with a control line passage channel that connects to the inner cavity of the hub, and the support shaft is also provided with an encoder passage channel. One end of the encoder passage channel is connected to the receiving groove, and the other end is connected to the control line passage channel. It also includes an encoder connecting wire, one end of which is connected to the magnetic encoder. The encoder connecting wire passes through the encoder passage channel and the control line passage channel in sequence, and the other end is exposed.

[0013] Preferably, the bushing is provided with a wire hole and also includes an encoder connection wire. The encoder connection wire passes through the wire hole, with one end connected to the magnetic encoder and the other end exposed.

[0014] Preferably, one end cap has a receiving groove on its outer side and the other end cap has a brake assembly groove on its outer side.

[0015] Preferably, the outer circular wall of the annular rotary seal and the inner wall of the receiving groove are fitted with any one or more combinations of interference fit, snap fit, and adhesive fixation; the inner circular wall of the annular rotary seal and the bushing are rotatably fitted.

[0016] Preferably, the annular rotary seal is an oil seal.

[0017] Preferably, the magnetic encoder includes an annular circuit board sleeved on the support shaft and a sensing chip disposed on the annular circuit board.

[0018] Preferably, the annular circuit board is provided with positioning holes and also includes a connector. When the annular circuit board is fixedly connected to the bushing, the connector passes through the positioning holes and connects to the bushing.

[0019] Preferably, the receiving groove is provided on the side near the end cap around the support shaft, and the induction magnet is located in the groove.

[0020] The main technical solution of the electric vehicle provided by this utility model is as follows: it includes a frame, a hub motor mounted on the frame, a tire mounted on the hub motor, and a battery and controller mounted on the frame. The hub motor includes a support shaft, a stator mounted on the support shaft, and a hub. The hub includes two end caps arranged opposite each other, and a cavity is formed inside the hub, with the stator located inside the cavity. The stator includes a stator bracket fixed on the support shaft and a stator core mounted on the outer periphery of the stator bracket. The support shaft passes through the two end caps. The characteristic feature is that the outer side of one end cap is provided with a receiving groove around the support shaft, and an induction magnet is provided in the receiving groove on the side near the end cap. A magnetic encoder that cooperates with the induction magnet is provided on the support shaft. The magnetic encoder is located in the receiving groove, and a gap is formed between the magnetic encoder and the inner wall of the receiving groove. A bushing is fitted on the support shaft, and an annular rotary seal is provided between the outer wall of the bushing and the inner wall of the receiving groove. The magnetic encoder is fixedly connected to the support shaft and / or the bushing, and the induction magnet rotates synchronously with the end cap.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the hub motor and electric vehicle with the external encoder assembly provided by this utility model have the following advantages: The sealing design of the receiving groove in this solution adopts a structure with an internal bushing and an outer annular rotary seal in rotational engagement, resulting in a simple structure, fewer parts, convenient assembly, and high reliability. Secondly, the magnetic encoder can also be indirectly fixed to the support shaft through the bushing. During assembly, the magnetic encoder and bushing can be fixed together first, and then the bushing can be fitted onto the support shaft and fixed thereto. Compared with the prior art where the magnetic encoder is directly fixed to the support shaft, this is more convenient, more reliable, and has a higher yield rate. Furthermore, due to the magnetic encoder's substrate... The PCB board is directly fixed to the support shaft, which can easily be damaged if not handled carefully. Moreover, damage to the internal circuitry of the PCB board is not easily detected, and if discovered during later testing, it needs to be disassembled and replaced, increasing production costs. The bushing and the support shaft can be fixed with an interference fit, a snap fit, or a locking device such as a screw. The bushing design reduces the radial thickness of the annular rotary seal, making the seal more reliable and less prone to deformation. The bushing can also serve as a passage for the magnetic encoder connection cable to the outside. Compared with the existing technology that uses a drill hole on the support shaft, this design has lower production costs, is easier to assemble, and does not compromise the mechanical strength of the support shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a hub motor according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the bushing and plug-in terminal after assembly in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the magnetic encoder in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a hub motor according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the hub motor in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of B in the middle.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the hub motor in Embodiment 3 of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of C.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the hub motor of Embodiment 4 of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified view of D. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] The working principle of an encoder: The rotation of a sensing magnet causes a change in the angle or displacement of the magnet, which in turn causes a change in the resistance or voltage of the magnetic encoder. This change is sent to the main control chip on the controller circuit board for signal processing, thus detecting the rotation angle or displacement of the sensing magnet. The encoder described above is a relatively mature technology and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] See Figures 1 to 5According to the embodiment of the hub motor with external encoder assembly provided by the utility model, it includes a support shaft 3, a stator (not shown in the figure) disposed on the support shaft 3, and a hub. The hub includes two end caps 1 disposed opposite to each other, and a cavity 2 is formed inside the hub. The stator is located inside the cavity 2. The stator includes a stator bracket fixed on the support shaft 3 and a stator core disposed on the outer periphery of the stator bracket. The stator structure is a relatively mature technology in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here. The support shaft 3 passes through the two end caps 1. The outer side of one end cap 1 is provided with a receiving groove 11 around the support shaft 3. A sensor is provided in the receiving groove 11 on the side near the end cap 1. A magnetic encoder 5, which cooperates with the induction magnet 4, is provided on the support shaft 3. A gap is formed between the induction magnet 4 and the magnetic encoder 5. The magnetic encoder 5 is located in the receiving groove 11, and a gap is formed between the magnetic encoder 5 and the inner wall of the receiving groove 11 to avoid interference between the receiving groove 11 and the magnetic encoder 5 when the receiving groove 11 rotates with the end cover 1. A bushing 6 is fitted on the support shaft 3, and an annular rotary seal 7 is provided between the outer wall of the bushing 6 and the inner wall of the receiving groove 11. The magnetic encoder 5 is fixedly connected to the support shaft 3 and / or the bushing 6. In this embodiment, the magnetic encoder 5 is preferably fixedly connected to the bushing 6, and the induction magnet 4 rotates synchronously with the end cover 1. When the hub motor rotor rotates, it drives the induction magnet 4 to rotate as well. Changes in the angle or displacement of the induction magnet 4 will cause changes in the resistance or voltage of the magnetic encoder 5. The magnetic encoder 5 sends this change to the main control chip on the controller circuit board for signal processing to complete the detection of the hub motor rotor and thus obtain the position information of the hub motor rotor. In this design, the sealing of the receiving groove 11 adopts a structure with an inner bushing 6 and an outer annular rotary seal 7 in rotational engagement. This structure is simple, has few parts, is easy to assemble, and has high reliability. Secondly, the magnetic encoder 5 can also be indirectly fixed to the support shaft 3 via the bushing 6. During assembly, the magnetic encoder 5 can be fixed to the bushing 6 first, and then the bushing 6 can be fitted onto the support shaft 3 and fixed thereto. Compared to the existing technology where the magnetic encoder 5 is directly fixed to the support shaft 3, this is more convenient, more reliable, and has a higher yield rate. Since the substrate of the magnetic encoder 5 is a PCB board, the PCB board is directly connected to the support shaft 3... During fixing, even slight carelessness can damage the PCB board; moreover, damage to the internal circuitry of the PCB board is not easily detected, and if discovered during later testing, it requires disassembly and replacement, increasing production costs; the bushing 6 and the support shaft 3 can be fixed with an interference fit, a snap fit, or a locking component such as a screw; the design of the bushing 6 reduces the radial thickness of the annular rotary seal 7, making the seal more reliable and less prone to deformation; the bushing 6 can also serve as a passage for the magnetic encoder 5 connection cable to the outside, which, compared to the existing technology of drilling holes on the support shaft 3, results in lower production costs, easier assembly, and does not compromise the mechanical strength of the support shaft 3.

[0037] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5According to the above-described embodiment of the utility model, the bushing 6 is provided with a plug-in terminal 8. One end of the plug-in terminal 8 is electrically connected to the magnetic encoder 5, and the other end of the plug-in terminal 8 is exposed on the outside of the bushing 6. Using the plug-in terminal 8 to achieve electrical connection between the magnetic encoder 5 and the outside makes connection with the electric vehicle controller more convenient, eliminates the wiring process, and ensures high reliability of the wiring connection. The bushing 6 is provided with a terminal hole, and the plug-in terminal 8 is embedded in the terminal hole. The plug-in terminal 8 is fixed to the bushing 6 in this way, and its outer surface is flush with the outer surface of the bushing 6, making it less prone to damage from contact. Both ends of the plug-in terminal 8 are plug-in interfaces. The plug-in interface located on the inside of the bushing 6 is plugged into and cooperates with the magnetic encoder 5. The magnetic encoder 5 and the plug-in terminal 8 also adopt a terminal-type connection, making assembly more convenient and ensuring high reliability. A combined component consisting of a magnetic encoder 5, bushing 6, and plug-in terminal 8 can be assembled and then installed on the hub motor, greatly improving the assembly effect of the product.

[0038] See Figure 1 According to the above-described embodiment of the utility model, one end cover 1 has a receiving groove 11 on its outer side, and the other end cover 1 has a brake assembly groove on its outer side. This structure allows the magnetic encoder 5 and the brake assembly to be respectively located on both sides of the hub motor, facilitating assembly and preventing interference between their wiring harnesses.

[0039] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to the above-described embodiments of the utility model, the outer circular wall of the annular rotary seal 7 and the inner wall of the receiving groove 11 are fitted with any one or more combinations of interference fit, snap fit, and adhesive fixation; the inner circular wall of the annular rotary seal 7 and the bushing 6 are rotatably fitted. In this embodiment, the outer circular wall of the annular rotary seal 7 and the inner wall of the receiving groove 11 are fitted with interference fit and adhesive fixation. This structure helps to increase the height of the movable gap of the annular rotary seal 7, minimizing the risk of water entering the receiving groove 11 through the movable gap. The annular rotary seal 7 is an oil seal, which has good sealing effect and low component cost.

[0040] See Figure 2 and Figure 4 According to the above-described embodiments of the utility model, the magnetic encoder 5 includes an annular circuit board 51 sleeved on the support shaft 3 and a sensing chip 52 disposed on the annular circuit board 51. The magnetic encoder 5 has a simple structure and is easy to assemble. The circuit board adopts an annular structure and is installed on the support shaft 3. Within the limited space of the receiving groove 11, the area of ​​the circuit board can be maximized, which helps to reduce the inner diameter of the receiving groove 11, reduce production costs, and reduce the difficulty and cost of sealing the opening of the receiving groove 11.

[0041] See Figure 2 and Figure 4According to the above-described embodiment of the utility model, the annular circuit board 51 is provided with a positioning hole 53 and also includes a connector. When the annular circuit board 51 is fixedly connected to the bushing 6, the connector passes through the positioning hole 53 and connects to the bushing 6. The bushing 6 is provided with a screw hole, and the connector is a screw. The annular circuit board 51 is fixed to the bushing 6 in the above manner, which is convenient for assembly and has high reliability.

[0042] See Figure 2 According to the above-described embodiment of the utility model, a groove 12 is provided in the receiving groove 11 near the end cover 1, surrounding the support shaft 3. The sensing magnet 4 is located in the groove 12. Placing the sensing magnet 4 in the groove 12 makes the fixation between the sensing magnet 4 and the end cover 1 more secure. The sensing magnet 4 and the groove 12 can be fixed by any one or more combinations of snap-fit, adhesive, and magnetic attraction to ensure the reliability of the fixing of the sensing magnet 4. The sensing magnet 4 has a ring structure, and the groove 12 is a ring-shaped groove 12, which is arranged around the support shaft 3. This structure of the sensing magnet 4 can also be configured as a magnetic code disk structure to improve the accuracy of the encoder.

[0043] See Figure 2 According to the above-described embodiment of the utility model, an annular step 13 is provided in the receiving groove 11, and the annular rotary seal 7 abuts against the annular step 13 on one side edge facing the receiving groove 11. This structure facilitates the proper installation of the annular rotary seal 7 and avoids sealing failure caused by improper installation or over-insertion of the annular rotary seal 7 into the receiving groove 11.

[0044] According to the embodiment of the electric vehicle provided by the utility model, it includes a frame, a hub motor mounted on the frame, a tire mounted on the hub motor, and a battery and controller mounted on the frame. The frame, battery, and controller are all relatively mature technologies in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here. The hub motor in this embodiment is the hub motor of the external encoder assembly described in the above embodiment, and the magnetic encoder 5 is connected to the controller. In the electric vehicle using the above hub motor, the sealing design of the receiving groove 11 on the hub motor adopts a structure with an inner bushing 6 and an outer annular rotating seal 7 rotatingly engaged. The structure is simple, with fewer parts, convenient assembly, and high reliability. Secondly, the magnetic encoder 5 can also be indirectly fixedly connected to the support shaft 3 through the bushing 6. During assembly, the magnetic encoder 5 can be fixed together with the bushing 6 first, and then the bushing 6 can be fitted onto the support shaft 3 and fixed to the support shaft 3. Compared with the prior art, the magnetic encoder 5 is more convenient to assemble directly with the support shaft 3, the reliability is higher, and the yield rate is higher. Since the substrate of the magnetic encoder 5 is a PCB board, the PCB board is directly When the bushing 6 is fixed to the support shaft 3, even slight carelessness can damage the PCB board; moreover, damage to the internal circuitry of the PCB board is not easily detected, and if it is discovered during later testing, it needs to be disassembled and replaced, increasing production costs; the bushing 6 and the support shaft 3 can be fixed with an interference fit, a snap fit, or a locking component such as a screw; the design of the bushing 6 reduces the radial thickness of the annular rotary seal 7, making the seal more reliable and less prone to deformation; the bushing 6 can also serve as a passage for the magnetic encoder 5 connection cable to the outside, which, compared with the existing technology of drilling holes on the support shaft 3, has lower production costs, is easier to assemble, and does not damage the mechanical strength of the support shaft 3.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 This embodiment is structurally similar to Embodiment 1 above, except that the wiring method between the magnetic encoder 5 and the external environment is different. In this embodiment, the outer wall of the support shaft 3 is provided with a wire-passing groove 31, and the bushing 6 is fitted onto the part opposite to the wire-passing groove 31. The length of the wire-passing groove 31 is greater than the axial length of the bushing 6. It also includes an encoder connecting wire (not shown in the figure), which passes through the wire-passing groove 31, with one end connected to the magnetic encoder 5 and the other end exposed. By opening the wire-passing groove 31 on the support shaft 3, the connecting wire of the magnetic encoder 5 is led out from the receiving groove 11, and the wire-passing groove 31 is opposite to the bushing 6. Except for the two ends of the connecting wire protruding from the wire-passing groove 31, the other part of the wire-passing groove 31 is covered by the bushing 6. Compared with the prior art of drilling a special channel for the connecting wire of the magnetic encoder 5 on the support shaft 3, opening the wire-passing groove 31 is easier to process and lower in cost.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] See Figure 8 and Figure 9This embodiment is structurally similar to Embodiment 1 above, except that the wiring method between the magnetic encoder 5 and the external environment is different. In this embodiment, the support shaft 3 is provided with a control line passage 32 that connects to the inner cavity 2 of the hub, and the support shaft 3 is also provided with an encoder passage 33. One end of the encoder passage 33 is connected to the receiving groove 11, and the other end is connected to the control line passage 32. It also includes an encoder connecting wire 9, one end of which is connected to the magnetic encoder 5. The encoder connecting wire 9 passes through the encoder passage 33 and the control line passage 32 in sequence, with the other end exposed. In this embodiment, the encoder passage 33 and the control line passage 32 are connected, which greatly shortens the length of the encoder passage 33. It is only necessary to drill the length from the receiving groove 11 to the control line passage 32. Compared with the prior art, which drills a special channel on the support shaft 3 for the magnetic encoder 5 connecting wire, it is easier to process and lower in cost.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] See Figure 10 and Figure 11 This embodiment is structurally similar to Embodiment 1 above, except that the wiring method between the magnetic encoder 5 and the external components is different. In this embodiment, the bushing 6 is provided with a wire-passing hole 61, and also includes an encoder connecting wire (not shown in the figure). The encoder connecting wire passes through the wire-passing hole 61, with one end connected to the magnetic encoder 5 and the other end exposed. Directly opening the wire-passing hole 61 for the encoder connecting wire on the bushing 6 is more convenient and cost-effective than drilling a dedicated channel for the magnetic encoder 5 connecting wire on the support shaft 3 in the prior art. Secondly, the bushing 6 is closest to the magnetic encoder 5, making wiring very convenient. When the magnetic encoder 5 is fixedly connected to the bushing 6, the encoder connecting wire can be connected to the magnetic encoder 5, with one end connected to the magnetic encoder 5 and the other end extending out from the wire-passing hole 61, forming a combined component of magnetic encoder 5, bushing 6, and encoder connecting wire. This component is then installed on the hub motor, greatly improving the product assembly efficiency.

[0051] The technical solution provided by this utility model has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of this utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. The terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "positive," and "negative" in this solution are all terms used to describe things clearly from a certain perspective. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A hub motor with an external encoder assembly, comprising a support shaft, a stator mounted on the support shaft, and a hub, the hub including two oppositely disposed end caps, a cavity formed within the hub, and the stator located within the cavity; the support shaft passing through the two end caps, characterized in that, One of the end caps has a receiving groove on its outer side around the support shaft. An induction magnet is provided on one side of the receiving groove near the end cover; a magnetic encoder that cooperates with the induction magnet is provided on the support shaft. The magnetic encoder is located in the receiving groove, and a gap is formed between the magnetic encoder and the inner wall of the receiving groove. A bushing is fitted onto the support shaft, and an annular rotary seal is provided between the outer wall of the bushing and the inner wall of the receiving groove. The magnetic encoder is fixedly connected to the support shaft and / or bushing, and the sensing magnet rotates synchronously with the end cover.

2. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bushing is equipped with a plug-in terminal. One end of the plug-in terminal is electrically connected to the magnetic encoder, and the other end of the plug-in terminal is exposed on the outside of the bushing.

3. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the support shaft is provided with a wire groove, and the bushing is fitted on the part opposite to the wire groove. The length of the wire groove is greater than the axial length of the bushing. It also includes an encoder connecting wire, which passes through the wire groove, with one end connected to the magnetic encoder and the other end exposed.

4. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support shaft is provided with a control line passage channel that connects to the inner cavity of the hub. The support shaft is also provided with an encoder passage channel. One end of the encoder passage channel is connected to the receiving groove, and the other end is connected to the control line passage channel. It also includes an encoder connecting line. One end of the encoder connecting line is connected to the magnetic encoder. The encoder connecting line passes through the encoder passage channel and the control line passage channel in sequence, and the other end is exposed.

5. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bushing is provided with a wire hole and also includes an encoder connection wire. The encoder connection wire passes through the wire hole, with one end connected to the magnetic encoder and the other end exposed.

6. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, One end cap has a receiving groove on its outer side, and the other end cap has a brake assembly groove on its outer side.

7. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The outer circular wall of the annular rotary seal and the inner wall of the receiving groove are fitted with any one or more combinations of interference fit, snap fit, and adhesive fixation; the inner circular wall of the annular rotary seal and the bushing are rotatably fitted.

8. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The annular rotary seal is an oil seal.

9. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The magnetic encoder includes a ring-shaped circuit board mounted on a support shaft and a sensing chip mounted on the ring-shaped circuit board.

10. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that, The annular circuit board has positioning holes and also includes a connector. When the annular circuit board is fixedly connected to the bushing, the connector passes through the positioning holes and connects to the bushing.

11. The hub motor with an external encoder assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The receiving groove has a recess around the support shaft on the side near the end cap, and the induction magnet is located in the recess.

12. An electric vehicle, comprising a frame, a hub motor mounted on the frame, a tire mounted on the hub motor, and a battery and controller mounted on the frame, characterized in that, The hub motor is the hub motor described in any one of claims 1-10, and the magnetic encoder is connected to the controller.

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