Solar cell, photovoltaic module and metal screen

Abstract

The application relates to a solar cell, a photovoltaic module and a metal screen. The solar cell comprises a cell body and an electrode assembly arranged on the cell body; the electrode assembly comprises at least one main grid line and at least two auxiliary grid groups arranged along a first direction; each auxiliary grid group comprises a plurality of auxiliary grid lines arranged at intervals along a second direction; two adjacent auxiliary grid groups are connected through the main grid line; the main grid line comprises first connecting portions and second connecting portions arranged alternately and connected in sequence. The first connecting portions overlap the auxiliary grid lines of the auxiliary grid groups, and the second connecting portions are arranged between two adjacent auxiliary grid lines. The design not only increases the overlapping area between the auxiliary grid lines and the main grid line, improves the connection stability, reduces the risk of grid breakage of the auxiliary grid lines, effectively avoids the increase of series resistance or the interruption of current transmission caused by poor contact and other problems at the connection points, ensures the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and provides sufficient alignment allowance between the main grid line and the solder strip.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to solar cells, photovoltaic modules and metal mesh printing plates. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the photovoltaic industry, the requirements for the manufacturing process and performance of solar cells are becoming increasingly stringent. In the preparation of solar cell electrodes, metal stencils are often used to achieve fine printing of sub-grids. Since metal stencils are usually composed of a single layer of metal film, they are broken in appropriate areas to maintain suitable tension and avoid deformation or damage to the metal stencil, thus printing out broken sub-grids.

[0003] Since the sub-grid may be broken, in order to ensure the overall conductivity of the solar cell electrode and ensure that the current can be smoothly transmitted in the electrode structure, connecting lines are usually printed to connect the broken parts of the sub-grid.

[0004] However, this method can easily increase the series resistance of solar cells, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solar cell, photovoltaic module, and metal mesh to address the problem that existing printed connection lines increase the series resistance of solar cells.

[0006] A solar cell includes a cell body and an electrode assembly disposed on the cell body; the electrode assembly includes:

[0007] At least two sub-gate groups are arranged along a first direction, each sub-gate group includes a plurality of sub-gate lines spaced apart along a second direction; in two adjacent sub-gate groups, the sub-gate lines of one sub-gate group are disconnected from the sub-gate lines of the other sub-gate group;

[0008] At least one main grid line, and two adjacent sub-grid groups are connected by the main grid line; the main grid line includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion that are alternately arranged and connected in sequence; in the thickness direction of the battery body, the first connecting portion partially overlaps with the sub-grid line of at least one sub-grid group; the second connecting portion is located between two adjacent sub-grid lines arranged along a second direction.

[0009] In one embodiment, in two adjacent sub-gate groups, the sub-gate lines of one sub-gate group are opposite to the sub-gate lines of the other sub-gate group in the first direction.

[0010] In one embodiment, in the thickness direction of the battery body, in two adjacent sub-grid groups, the two opposite sub-grid lines overlap with the same first connecting portion.

[0011] In one embodiment, the second connection is located between two adjacent sub-gate lines of one of the sub-gate groups.

[0012] In one embodiment, in two adjacent sub-gate groups, the sub-gate lines of one sub-gate group are offset from the sub-gate lines of the other sub-gate group in the first direction.

[0013] In one embodiment, among two adjacent first connection portions of the same main gate line, one of the first connection portions overlaps with a portion of the sub-gate line of one of the sub-gate groups, and the other first connection portion overlaps with a portion of the sub-gate line of the other sub-gate group.

[0014] In one embodiment, the second connection is located between the sub-gate line of one of the sub-gate groups and the sub-gate line of the other sub-gate group.

[0015] In one embodiment, in the second direction, the sub-gate line of one of the sub-gate groups partially overlaps with the sub-gate line of the other sub-gate group.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first connecting portion extends along the first direction;

[0017] The second connecting portion extends along the second direction.

[0018] A photovoltaic module, comprising a solar cell as described above.

[0019] A metal mesh plate, comprising:

[0020] A sub-grid screen includes a non-printing area and at least two sub-grid printing areas distributed along a first direction, wherein the non-printing area is located between two adjacent sub-grid printing areas distributed along the first direction; the sub-grid printing areas are used to print the sub-grid group.

[0021] The main grid includes a first printing area and a second printing area intersecting the first printing area. The first printing area is used to print a first connecting portion, and the second printing area is used to print a second connecting portion.

[0022] In the thickness direction of the battery body, at least a portion of the first printed area overlaps with the sub-gate printed area.

[0023] In the aforementioned solar cells, photovoltaic modules, and metal mesh printing plates, the sub-grid lines of one sub-grid group are disconnected from those of another, allowing the metal mesh printing plate to maintain appropriate tension and ensuring the printing quality of the sub-grid lines. The first and second connecting parts in the main grid lines connect adjacent disconnected sub-grid groups, enabling current to smoothly converge from the sub-grid lines of each sub-grid group to the main grid lines, thus achieving effective transmission within the cell. The design of the first connecting part overlapping the sub-grid lines of the sub-grid group and the second connecting part located between adjacent sub-grid lines not only increases the overlap area between the sub-grid lines and the main grid lines, improving connection stability, but also reduces the risk of sub-grid line breakage, effectively avoiding increased series resistance or current transmission interruption due to poor contact at the connection point, ensuring photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the first connecting part provides sufficient alignment allowance between the main grid lines and the solder ribbon. In addition, the process of printing additional connecting lines to connect adjacent disconnected sub-grid lines is eliminated, simplifying the production process, effectively shortening the production cycle, and improving production efficiency. Meanwhile, since no additional printed connecting lines are required between adjacent sub-grid lines, the impact of additional printed connecting lines on shading performance can be avoided, thus improving power generation efficiency. Compared with printed linear main grids, the amount of paste consumed is significantly reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or exemplary embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or exemplary embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sub-grid array in the solar cell provided in the first embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode assembly in a solar cell provided in the first embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the electrode assembly in the solar cell is shown.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sub-grid array in a solar cell provided in the second embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode assembly in a solar cell provided in the second embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5A partial schematic diagram of the electrode assembly in the solar cell is shown.

[0031] Reference numerals: 100, sub-gate group; 101, first sub-gate column; 102, second sub-gate column; 110, sub-gate line; 111, first fine gate line; 112, second fine gate line; 200, main gate line; 210, first connecting part; 220, second connecting part; X, first direction; Y, second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0034] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0038] See Figure 2 or Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a solar cell including a cell body and an electrode assembly disposed on the cell body; the electrode assembly includes at least one main grid line 200 and at least two sub-grid groups 100 arranged along a first direction X; each sub-grid group 100 includes a plurality of sub-grid lines 110 spaced apart along a second direction Y; in two adjacent sub-grid groups 100, the sub-grid lines 110 of one sub-grid group 100 are disconnected from the sub-grid lines 110 of the other sub-grid group 100; two adjacent sub-grid groups 100 are connected by the main grid line 200; the main grid line 200 includes a first connecting portion 210 and a second connecting portion 220 alternately arranged and connected in sequence; in the thickness direction of the cell body, the first connecting portion 210 partially overlaps with the sub-grid lines 110 of at least one sub-grid group 100; the second connecting portion 220 is located between two adjacent sub-grid lines 110 arranged along the second direction Y.

[0039] In this diagram, the first direction is the X direction, and the second direction is the Y direction. In a practical application scenario, the first direction X is the length direction of the sub-gate line 110, and the second direction Y is the width direction of the sub-gate line 110.

[0040] For ease of description and understanding, in two adjacent sub-gate groups 100, one sub-gate group 100 is named the first sub-gate column 101, and the other sub-gate group 100 is named the second sub-gate column 102. For example, in Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the sub-gate group 100 on the left is named the first sub-gate column 101, and the sub-gate group 100 on the right is named the second sub-gate column 102. Correspondingly, the sub-gate line 110 in the first sub-gate column 101 can be named the first fine gate line 111, and the sub-gate line 110 in the second sub-gate column 102 can be named the second fine gate line 112. That is, the first fine gate line 111 in the first sub-gate column 101 and the second fine gate line 112 in the second sub-gate column 102 are disconnected, and the first sub-gate column 101 and the second sub-gate column 102 are connected by the main gate line 200.

[0041] Because the first fine grid line 111 in the first sub-grid 101 and the second fine grid line 112 in the second sub-grid 102 are disconnected, the metal screen can maintain appropriate tension, ensuring the printing quality of the sub-grid lines 110. The first sub-grid 101 and the second sub-grid 102 are connected through the first connecting portion 210 and the second connecting portion 220 in the main grid line 200, allowing current to smoothly converge from the sub-grid lines 110 of each sub-grid group 100 to the main grid line 200, thereby achieving effective transmission within the battery. The design of the first connecting part 210 overlapping with the sub-gate line 110 of the sub-gate group 100 and the second connecting part 220 located between two adjacent sub-gate lines 110 not only increases the overlap area between the sub-gate line 110 and the main gate line 200, improving the connection stability, but also reduces the risk of gate breakage of the sub-gate line 110, effectively avoiding the increase of series resistance or interruption of current transmission caused by poor contact at the connection point, ensuring photoelectric conversion efficiency; and the first connecting part 210 also provides sufficient alignment allowance between the main gate line 200 and the solder ribbon.

[0042] Furthermore, the process of printing additional connecting lines to connect the first fine grid line 111 and the second fine grid line 112 is eliminated, simplifying the production process, effectively shortening the production cycle, and improving production efficiency. At the same time, since no additional connecting lines are required for adjacent sub-grid lines 110, the impact of additional connecting lines on light-shielding performance is avoided, improving power generation efficiency. Moreover, compared to printing a linear main grid, the amount of paste consumed is significantly reduced.

[0043] See Figures 1 to 3As shown, in one embodiment, in two adjacent sub-gate groups 100, the sub-gate line 110 of one sub-gate group 100 is opposite to the sub-gate line 110 of the other sub-gate group 100 in the first direction X.

[0044] For example, in the appendix Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the first fine grid line 111 of the first sub-grid 101 and the second fine grid line 112 of the second sub-grid 102 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction X. This one-to-one opposite arrangement allows the current to form a relatively regular and symmetrical path when collected and conducted from each fine grid line, guiding the current to converge orderly towards the main grid line 200. This helps to ensure the uniformity of current collection and conduction within the entire electrode assembly, effectively reducing the increase in local resistance caused by excessive local current density, and thus helping to reduce the series resistance and improve the conductivity efficiency of the battery as a whole.

[0045] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in one embodiment, in the thickness direction of the battery body, in two adjacent sub-gate groups 100, the two opposite sub-gate lines 110 overlap with the same first connecting portion 210.

[0046] For example, in the appendix Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the first fine grid line 111 of the first sub-grid 101 and the second fine grid line 112 of the second sub-grid 102 both overlap with the same first connection portion 210, forming a larger effective conductive contact area in the overlapping region. A larger contact area means that current can pass through more and wider channels, effectively reducing contact resistance during current transmission. Simultaneously, the first fine grid line 111 and the second fine grid line 112 together overlap with a first connection portion 210, structurally increasing the contact area of ​​the connection point. This better resists various external forces (such as vibration and impact) and internal thermal stress changes experienced by the battery during use, reducing the risk of current transmission interruption due to loose connections or disconnections. This ensures the stability of the overall electrode assembly structure during long-term operation and extends the battery's lifespan.

[0047] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the second connection portion 220 is located between two adjacent sub-gate lines 110 of one of the sub-gate groups 100. For example, one second connection portion 220 is located between two adjacent first fine gate lines 111 of the first sub-gate column 101, and the other second connection portion 220 is located between two adjacent second fine gate lines 112 of the second sub-gate column 102.

[0048] The second connection portion 220 is located between two adjacent fine grid lines distributed along the second direction Y. This arrangement makes full use of the space between the fine grid lines, achieving effective connection between the main grid line 200 and the sub-grid column, while avoiding unnecessary space waste and structural conflicts. It also avoids situations where current detours or bypasses occur in the electrode assembly due to unreasonable structure, thereby reducing unnecessary resistance caused by the additional current path length and helping to reduce the series resistance of the entire battery electrode assembly.

[0049] By placing the second connection portion 220 between adjacent fine grid lines, the current can be reasonably guided and diverted. The current collected by different fine grid lines can enter the main grid line 200 in an orderly manner through the corresponding second connection portion 220, preventing congestion in local areas due to excessive current concentration and avoiding increased resistance caused by excessive local current density.

[0050] See Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in one embodiment, in two adjacent sub-gate groups 100, the sub-gate line 110 of one sub-gate group 100 is offset from the sub-gate line 110 of the other sub-gate group 100 in the first direction X.

[0051] For example, in the appendix Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the first fine grid line 111 of the first sub-grid 101 and the second fine grid line 112 of the second sub-grid 102 are staggered in the first direction X. For example, the first fine grid line 111 is located to the upper left or lower left of the second fine grid line 112. By staggering the first fine grid line 111 and the second fine grid line 112, a more dispersed flow path is formed, effectively avoiding excessively high current density in local areas due to excessive current concentration, which helps to reduce series resistance. At the same time, the staggered arrangement makes the heat distribution more dispersed, alleviating the problem of excessive local concentration of thermal stress, avoiding the occurrence of electrode structure deformation, fine grid line damage, etc. due to excessive thermal stress, preventing abnormal increase in resistance caused by structural damage, and helping to reduce series resistance.

[0052] In addition, the staggered setting means that the manufacturing process has a higher tolerance for error, making it easier to ensure the consistency of the conductivity of the produced electrode components, reducing the abnormal increase in local resistance caused by process errors, helping to reduce series resistance, and also improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.

[0053] See Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in one embodiment, among two adjacent first connection portions 210 of the same main gate line 200, one first connection portion 210 overlaps with a portion of the sub-gate line 110 of one sub-gate group 100, and the other first connection portion 210 overlaps with a portion of the sub-gate line 110 of another sub-gate group 100.

[0054] For example, in the appendix Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first fine grid line 111 of the first sub-grid 101 and the second fine grid line 112 of the second sub-grid 102 are connected to the first connection portion 210 at different locations. This disperses the current collection points, allowing the current to be distributed more evenly and stably throughout the electrode assembly, which helps reduce series resistance and improve the battery's conductivity. Simultaneously, it significantly increases the total effective conductive contact area between the main grid line 200 and the sub-grid line 110, reducing the contact resistance when current passes through the connection area.

[0055] See Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the second connection portion 220 is located between the sub-gate line 110 of one sub-gate group 100 and the sub-gate line 110 of another sub-gate group 100.

[0056] For example, in the appendix Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the second connection portion 220 is located between the first fine gate line 111 of the first sub-gate array 101 and the second fine gate line 112 of the second sub-gate array 102, which helps to regulate the current flow and effectively shunt the current. The current collected by the sub-gate lines 110 of different sub-gate groups 100 can be uniformly converged to the main gate line 200 through the second connection portion 220 located therebetween. This prevents the current from being excessively concentrated in local areas and avoids the problem of increased resistance caused by excessive local current density.

[0057] In one embodiment, in the second direction Y, a portion of the subgate line 110 of one subgate group 100 overlaps with a portion of the subgate line 110 of another subgate group 100.

[0058] For example, in the appendix Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the first fine gate line 111 of the first sub-gate array 101 and the second fine gate line 112 of the second sub-gate array 102 have an overlapping region in the second direction Y. That is, a portion of the first fine gate line 111 is located between two adjacent second fine gate lines 112, and a portion of the second fine gate line 112 is located between two adjacent first fine gate lines 111.

[0059] This interleaved arrangement allows for a finer and more uniform distribution of current among the fine grid lines of different sub-grid groups 100, avoiding local current overload or current sparseness. It helps maintain a stable current density, reduces the problem of local resistance increase caused by uneven current distribution, thereby reducing series resistance and improving the overall conductivity of the battery.

[0060] In addition, when the battery is subjected to external mechanical stress or internal thermal stress, the interlaced fine grid lines can better cooperate in bearing the force and disperse the stress, reducing the risk of damage such as breakage or detachment of the fine grid lines due to stress concentration in a certain local area, ensuring the integrity of the electrode structure, maintaining the stability of the current conduction path, and avoiding abnormal increase in resistance due to structural damage, thus playing a positive auxiliary role in reducing series resistance.

[0061] like Figure 2 or Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the first connecting portion 210 extends along a first direction X; the second connecting portion 220 extends along a second direction Y. Thus, the first connecting portion 210 and the sub-gate line 110 have a greater overlap area in the first direction X, increasing the effective conductive contact area between them and effectively reducing the contact resistance when current passes through the connecting area. The second connecting portion 220 extends along the second direction Y, strengthening the electrical connection between different sub-gate lines 110. The current collected by each sub-gate line 110 can better cooperate and flow through the second connecting portion 220, helping to maintain a stable and low-resistance current conduction state, equivalent to reducing series resistance and ensuring smooth current transmission.

[0062] Furthermore, one embodiment of this application also provides a photovoltaic module (not shown), including the solar cell of any of the above embodiments. The first and second sub-grids are connected via a first and a second connection portion in the main grid line, allowing current to smoothly converge from the sub-grid lines of each sub-grid group to the main grid line, thereby achieving effective transmission within the cell. The design of the first connection portion overlapping the sub-grid lines of the sub-grid group and the second connection portion located between two adjacent sub-grid lines not only increases the overlap area between the sub-grid lines and the main grid line, improving connection stability, but also reduces the risk of sub-grid line breakage, effectively avoiding increased series resistance or current transmission interruption at the connection point due to poor contact, ensuring photoelectric conversion efficiency; and the first connection portion also provides sufficient alignment allowance between the main grid line and the solder ribbon.

[0063] Understandably, this photovoltaic module also includes an encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer is used to encapsulate and fix the solar cells, isolating them from the external environment and preventing moisture, oxygen, and other substances from entering and causing corrosion, oxidation, or other damage to the cells. It also buffers external stress and enhances the overall mechanical strength of the photovoltaic module, ensuring that the module can operate normally and maintain structural stability under different working conditions. The encapsulation layer can be made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), etc.

[0064] The photovoltaic module also includes a cover plate, such as a glass cover plate, to protect components such as the cells from external environmental corrosion. At the same time, because the glass cover plate needs to have good light transmittance, it allows sunlight to pass through to the maximum extent possible and reach the solar cells, ensuring that the cells can fully absorb light energy for photoelectric conversion.

[0065] An embodiment of this application also provides a metal screen printing plate (not shown), including a sub-grid screen printing plate and a main grid screen printing plate; the sub-grid screen printing plate includes a non-printing area and at least two sub-grid printing areas distributed along a first direction, the non-printing area being located between two adjacent sub-grid printing areas distributed along the first direction; the sub-grid printing areas are used to print sub-grid groups; the main grid screen printing plate includes a first printing area and a second printing area intersecting with the first printing area, the first printing area being used to print a first connecting portion; the second printing area being used to print a second connecting portion; wherein, in the thickness direction of the battery body, at least a portion of the first printing area overlaps with the sub-grid printing area.

[0066] The electrode structure printed using this metal screen printing allows current to be smoothly collected from the sub-grid lines of each sub-grid group to the main grid line, thus achieving effective transmission within the battery. The design of the first connecting part overlapping the sub-grid lines of the sub-grid group and the second connecting part located between two adjacent sub-grid lines not only increases the overlap area between the sub-grid lines and the main grid line, improving connection stability, but also reduces the risk of sub-grid line breakage. This effectively avoids increased series resistance or current transmission interruption caused by poor contact at the connection point, ensuring photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the first connecting part provides sufficient alignment allowance between the main grid line and the solder ribbon.

[0067] In some embodiments, the metal mesh can be a steel mesh.

[0068] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0069] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, The solar cell includes a cell body and an electrode assembly disposed on the cell body; the electrode assembly includes: At least two sub-gate groups (100) are arranged along a first direction (X), each sub-gate group (100) includes a plurality of sub-gate lines (110) spaced apart along a second direction (Y); in two adjacent sub-gate groups (100), the sub-gate lines (110) of one sub-gate group (100) are disconnected from the sub-gate lines (110) of the other sub-gate group (100); At least one main grid line (200) is provided, and two adjacent sub-grid groups (100) are connected by the main grid line (200); the main grid line (200) includes a first connecting portion (210) and a second connecting portion (220) that are alternately arranged and connected in sequence; in the thickness direction of the battery body, the first connecting portion (210) partially overlaps with a portion of the sub-grid line (110) of at least one sub-grid group (100); the second connecting portion (220) is located between two adjacent sub-grid lines (110) arranged along a second direction (Y).

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, In two adjacent subgate groups (100), the subgate line (110) of one subgate group (100) is opposite to the subgate line (110) of the other subgate group (100) in the first direction (X).

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the thickness direction of the battery body, in two adjacent sub-grid groups (100), the two opposite sub-grid lines (110) overlap with the same first connecting portion (210).

4. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second connection (220) is located between two adjacent sub-gate lines (110) of one of the sub-gate groups (100).

5. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, In two adjacent sub-gate groups (100), the sub-gate line (110) of one sub-gate group (100) is offset from the sub-gate line (110) of the other sub-gate group (100) in the first direction (X).

6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, In two adjacent first connection portions (210) of the same main gate line (200), one of the first connection portions (210) overlaps with a portion of the sub-gate line (110) of one of the sub-gate groups (100), and the other first connection portion (210) overlaps with a portion of the sub-gate line (110) of the other sub-gate group (100).

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second connection (220) is located between the sub-gate line (110) of one of the sub-gate groups (100) and the sub-gate line (110) of the other sub-gate group (100).

8. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the second direction (Y), the sub-gate line (110) of one of the sub-gate groups (100) partially overlaps with the sub-gate line (110) of the other sub-gate group (100).

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Including the solar cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A metal mesh printing plate, characterized in that, include: A sub-grid plate includes a non-printed area and at least two sub-grid printed areas distributed along a first direction (X), wherein the non-printed area is located between two adjacent sub-grid printed areas distributed along the first direction (X); The sub-gate printing area is used to print sub-gate groups (100); The main grid includes a first printing area and a second printing area intersecting the first printing area. The first printing area is used to print a first connecting portion (210); the second printing area is used to print a second connecting portion (220). In the thickness direction of the battery body, at least a portion of the first printed area overlaps with the sub-gate printed area.

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