A multi-sensor data fusion biological garbage composting machine
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LUO KEXINONG (SHANGHAI) BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing compost bins, due to the single-point or randomly placed sensors, cannot accurately reflect the overall state or the state of key areas, resulting in the inability to achieve data fusion during the composting process and affecting the real-time monitoring and control of the composting process.
A combination of multiple sensors, including temperature, humidity, pH, and gas sensors, is used, positioned at different locations within the reaction vessel. Through data fusion techniques such as Kalman filtering, the temperature, humidity, and pH values during the composting process are monitored and adjusted in real time to achieve precise control over the composting process.
It enables precise monitoring and control of the composting process, preventing insufficient fermentation caused by localized low temperatures or uneven humidity, improving composting efficiency and effectiveness, reducing unnecessary stirring and heating operations, and enhancing the stability and speed of composting.
Smart Images
Figure CN224548309U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of garbage bin technology, specifically relating to a biological waste composting machine that integrates data from multiple sensors. Background Technology
[0002] Composting bins quickly transform kitchen waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer, overcoming the drawbacks of traditional outdoor composting, such as inconvenience, time-consuming operation, and unstable results. Currently available composting bins have sensors placed at single points or randomly, which makes it impossible to accurately reflect the overall status or the status of key areas. The individual sensors cannot achieve data fusion based on their spatial location to indirectly reflect the real-time situation during the composting process. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides a bio-waste composting machine that integrates data from multiple sensors. This machine can assist in determining heat loss or the presence of localized low-temperature areas, as well as comprehensively assessing the changing trends in the moisture content of kitchen waste.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a biological waste composting machine with multi-sensor data fusion, including a reaction container installed inside the outer shell, a stirrer for rotating inside the reaction container, a temperature sensor installed on the side wall and / or bottom of the reaction container, and a temperature sensor installed at the geometric center or heating core area of the reaction container.
[0005] A humidity sensor is installed in the air layer above the reaction vessel or at the gas exhaust path.
[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion of this invention, it also includes a humidity sensor installed at the bottom of the reaction vessel.
[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the bio-waste composting machine of this invention, which integrates data from multiple sensors, it also includes a pH sensor located on the side wall of the reaction vessel or in the stirring area.
[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion of this invention, it also includes a gas sensor installed at the gas exhaust path.
[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the bio-waste composting machine of this utility model that integrates data from multiple sensors, the pH sensor is either an insertion type or a surface contact type.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion of this utility model, at least two sensors of the same model are used.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the biological waste composting machine of this invention that integrates data from multiple sensors, the temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor temperature sensor.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion of this utility model, the temperature sensor is set at a location offset downwards by 10% from the geometric center of the reaction vessel.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model of a biological waste composting machine that integrates data from multiple sensors, the sensors have a protective structure.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: when the temperature sensor is set on the side wall of the reaction vessel, and when the temperature sensor is set on the bottom of the reaction vessel, it is used to monitor the edge temperature. When combined with the temperature sensor set at the geometric center or the core area of the heat generation of the reaction vessel, it can help to determine the heat loss situation or whether there is a local low temperature area, so as to evaluate the heat preservation performance and prevent insufficient fermentation at the edge due to low temperature.
[0015] Humidity sensors are installed in the air layer above the reaction vessel or at the gas exhaust path to monitor the humidity of the exhaust gas and indirectly measure the overall moisture evaporation rate of the compost, thus allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the changing trends in the humidity of kitchen waste. Attached Figure Description
[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of this utility model;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the reaction vessel in this utility model;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the air outlet in this utility model;
[0021] In the picture:
[0022] 1. Outer shell; 2. Reaction vessel; 3. Stirrer; 4. Air inlet; 5. Air outlet; 6. Mounting hole A; 7. Mounting hole B; 8. Side wall sensor; 9. Fan; 10. Gas pretreatment unit; 11. Rotating cover. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0024] like Figures 1-4 As shown:
[0025] A bio-waste composting machine that integrates data from multiple sensors includes a reaction container 2 installed inside a housing 1, a stirrer 3 for rotating inside the reaction container 2, temperature sensors disposed on the side wall and / or bottom of the reaction container 2, and a temperature sensor disposed at the geometric center or heating core area of the reaction container 2.
[0026] A humidity sensor is installed in the air layer above the reaction vessel 2 or at the gas exhaust path.
[0027] Composting bins quickly transform kitchen waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer, overcoming the drawbacks of traditional outdoor composting, such as inconvenience, time-consuming operation, and unstable results. Currently available composting bins have sensors placed at single points or randomly, which makes it impossible to accurately reflect the overall status or the status of key areas. The sensors cannot achieve data fusion based on their spatial location to indirectly reflect the real-time situation during the composting process.
[0028] The stirrer 3 rotates to agitate the kitchen waste in the reaction container 2, which helps to evenly mix the artificially added natural microbial agents with the kitchen waste, thereby converting the kitchen waste into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer. The compost bin of this solution has the necessary basic functions of a traditional compost bin. For example, before the artificial addition of natural microbial agents, the compost bin automatically adjusts the conditions required for fermentation according to the actual situation. The parameters to be adjusted include temperature, humidity, and pH value. As for the sensors set in this solution and their placement, when the temperature sensor is set on the side wall of the reaction container 2 or at the bottom of the reaction container 2, it is used to monitor the edge temperature. In conjunction with the temperature sensor set at the geometric center or the core heating area of the reaction container 2, it can help determine the heat loss or whether there are local low temperature areas, to evaluate the heat preservation performance and prevent insufficient fermentation due to low temperature at the edges. The temperature sensor can be installed at the core heating area through mounting hole B7, and at the bottom of the reaction container 2 through mounting hole A6. When the temperature difference detected by each temperature sensor exceeds the preset range, the stirrer 3 is started to stir the kitchen waste.
[0029] A humidity sensor is installed in the air layer above the reaction vessel 2 or at the gas exhaust path to monitor the humidity of the exhaust gas and indirectly measure the overall moisture evaporation rate of the compost, thereby allowing for an overall assessment of the changing trend of the moisture content of the kitchen waste.
[0030] In an optional embodiment, a humidity sensor is also included at the bottom of the reaction vessel 2, which can be installed at the bottom of the reaction vessel 2 via mounting hole A6.
[0031] In this embodiment, a humidity sensor installed at the bottom of the reaction container 2 is used to monitor the humidity at the bottom of the kitchen waste to prevent water accumulation at the bottom from causing an anaerobic environment. This is because water will block the air from fully contacting the water accumulation area, causing the oxygen content in the water and at the bottom of the water accumulation to gradually decrease, thus forming anaerobic conditions.
[0032] The humidity sensor located at the bottom of reaction vessel 2 is combined with the humidity sensor located in the air layer above reaction vessel 2 or at the gas exhaust path. For example, Kalman filtering can be used to weight and fuse the data from the humidity sensor at the top air layer or gas exhaust path and the humidity sensor at the bottom to correct surface humidity errors and comprehensively judge the true humidity state of the compost. When the difference between the readings of the humidity sensor at the top air layer or gas exhaust path and the humidity sensor at the bottom exceeds 20, the stirrer 3 is triggered to run to balance the humidity distribution. For example, if the humidity detected at the top is very high, while heating and ventilation are low, and the humidity detected at the bottom is relatively dry, it may only be that the surface humidity is high, while the inside is lacking water. In this case, stirring is needed to make the moisture uniform. If it is too dry, additional water needs to be added. For another example, if the humidity detected at the top gradually decreases, while the humidity detected at the bottom remains basically unchanged, while heating and ventilation are relatively sufficient, it may be that the upper layer is dry and the lower layer is humid. It is necessary to start the stirring function or increase the stirring speed. The stirring speed should be determined according to the needs, rather than being in a high-speed stirring state for a long time, as the noise generated will affect people's normal life.
[0033] In an optional embodiment, a pH sensor is also included, which is disposed on the side wall of the reaction vessel 2 or in the stirring area.
[0034] In this embodiment, the pH sensor can directly monitor changes in acidity and alkalinity, which facilitates the optimization of the activity range of microorganisms based on reaction parameters. For example, according to the parameter values, acidity and alkalinity regulators can be added manually. When adding regulators manually, they should be added in small amounts and multiple times to avoid over-addition. The pH sensor is installed on the side wall of the reaction container 2 or in the stirring area, which can represent the average acidity and alkalinity of kitchen waste.
[0035] The side wall sensor 8 is an example of a sensor installation location and does not limit the sensor to a specific function.
[0036] In an optional embodiment, a gas sensor is also included at the gas exhaust path.
[0037] In this embodiment, a gas sensor capable of monitoring at least oxygen, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds should be selected. The activity of microorganisms should be verified by combining temperature, humidity, oxygen consumption rate, and carbon dioxide production rate. For example, if the temperature is high but the gas changes slowly, it may only be the effect of physical heating rather than biological activity. If the temperature, oxygen consumption rate, and carbon dioxide production rate change rapidly and synchronously, it is more likely that the microorganisms are actively fermenting.
[0038] Control strategies can be:
[0039] If the temperature is below the target lower limit and oxygen is sufficient, increase the heating power / frequency, or reduce ventilation;
[0040] If the temperature exceeds the target upper limit, stop heating and increase the ventilation intensity / frequency to dissipate heat and cool down.
[0041] If the humidity is uniform and below the target lower limit, the humidification module will be triggered or the user will be prompted to add water, and ventilation will be reduced.
[0042] The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may indicate active microbial activity during composting. Microorganisms produce VOCs as part of their metabolic process when decomposing organic matter, demonstrating that the organic matter in the compost is being effectively broken down. This helps accelerate the composting process and allows the compost to reach maturity more quickly. However, excessive VOCs may indicate problems with composting conditions, such as insufficient oxygen leading to an excessive proportion of anaerobic fermentation. VOCs produced under anaerobic conditions not only emit unpleasant odors but also reduce composting efficiency because anaerobic fermentation produces less energy, resulting in slower microbial growth and metabolism, thus affecting the overall effectiveness and speed of composting. Therefore, simultaneously monitoring oxygen, carbon dioxide, and VOCs is of significant practical importance. It allows for adjustments to ventilation strategies based on changes in these values, enabling rapid and effective composting and preventing the generation of unpleasant odors during the composting process.
[0043] In an alternative embodiment, the pH sensor is either an insertion type or a surface contact type.
[0044] In this embodiment, the pH sensor using an ISFET (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor) with a solid electrolyte or gel electrolyte is more durable and less prone to clogging than a traditional glass electrode.
[0045] In one optional embodiment, at least two sensors of the same model are used.
[0046] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor can be an NTC thermistor or a PT100 / PT1000 platinum resistance thermometer, which has high accuracy and stability and requires a detection accuracy better than ±0.5℃. The humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor, and the gas sensor is an electrochemical or infrared sensor used to measure the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide. A metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) or ionization detector (PID) is used to detect volatile organic compounds.
[0047] There should be at least two sensors of the same model. A single sensor may malfunction, drift, or have abnormal readings, leading to misjudgment and control failure of the system. By deploying two or more sensors of the same type, if the difference between the readings of the two sensors of the same type is within the allowable range, the average value is taken. If the difference is too large, one of them is judged to be possibly faulty, and the system can issue an alarm.
[0048] In an optional embodiment, the temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor temperature sensor.
[0049] In this embodiment, the NTC thermistor temperature sensor is a temperature detection element based on a negative temperature coefficient thermistor, which has the characteristics of high detection accuracy, wide detection temperature range, resistance to harsh environments, and high cost performance.
[0050] In an optional embodiment, the temperature sensor is positioned 10% below the geometric center of the reaction vessel 2.
[0051] In this embodiment, the area offset downward by 10% from the geometric center can be the location of the mounting hole B7, which facilitates installation. At the same time, this area is conducive to reflecting the heating temperature of kitchen waste.
[0052] In an optional embodiment, the sensor has a protective structure.
[0053] In this embodiment, kitchen waste is a pollutant. The sensor has a protective structure, which is conducive to the stable and sustainable operation of the sensor. The sensor can be selected from those with its own protective structure, or an anti-fouling coating or high-temperature resistant encapsulation can be applied to the sensor.
[0054] It should be noted that the sensor installed at the gas exhaust path can be installed at the air outlet 5 of the reaction container 2, specifically at the air outlet 5 between the outer shell 1 and the reaction container 2. The air inside the reaction container 2 is transported by the fan 9, preheated and sterilized by the gas pretreatment unit 10, and then enters through the air inlet 4. The waste can be put into the reaction container 2 by opening the rotating cover 11.
[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A bio-composting machine for fusion of data from multiple sensors, comprising a reaction vessel (2) installed within a housing (1), and a stirrer (3) for rotating within the reaction vessel (2), characterized in that: Temperature sensors are provided on the side wall and / or bottom of the reaction vessel (2), and temperature sensors are provided at the geometric center or heat-generating core area of the reaction vessel (2); A humidity sensor is installed in the air layer above the reaction vessel (2) or at the gas exhaust path.
2. The biological waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a humidity sensor located at the bottom of the reaction vessel (2).
3. The bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pH sensor located on the side wall of the reaction vessel (2) or in the stirring area.
4. The biological waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a gas sensor installed at the gas exhaust path.
5. The bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pH sensor can be either an insertion type or a surface contact type.
6. The bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: There should be at least two sensors of the same model.
7. The bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor temperature sensor.
8. The bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The temperature sensor is located 10% below the geometric center of the reaction vessel (2).
9. The bio-waste composting machine based on multi-sensor data fusion according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The sensor has a protective structure.