Iodine adsorption device prototype for liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor tail gas

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt stack tail gas's iodine adsorption device prototype, including vertical cylinder, vertical cylinder is sequentially provided with filter cavity, activated carbon filling cavity and dust collection cavity from top to bottom, the lower portion of activated carbon filling cavity is provided with tail gas inlet, filter cavity is provided with tail gas outlet, gas cooling pipe is provided in activated carbon filling cavity, and vertical cylinder is provided with gas cooling pipe air inlet and gas cooling pipe outlet, iodine-containing tail gas enters from tail gas inlet, passes through activated carbon filling cavity and filter cavity adsorption iodine, finally is discharged from tail gas outlet. For the utility model, tail gas is sent into from the bottom of vertical cylinder, is output from the top of vertical cylinder after adsorption and filtration, it is favorable to increase the fluidity of tail gas, still by filling impregnated nuclear grade activated carbon in adsorption cavity, radioactive iodine in tail gas system can be removed, improve the safety, reliability and convenience of thorium-based molten salt stack gas path system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tail gas treatment technology for thorium-based molten salt reactors, and in particular to a prototype of an iodine adsorption device for tail gas from a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of nuclear energy, especially in thorium-based molten salt reactors (TMSRs) and other new types of nuclear power plants, the treatment of radioactive exhaust gases is a significant safety and environmental issue. Among these, the retention and treatment of radioactive iodine gas is particularly critical. Iodine is a radioactive inert gas produced during nuclear reactions, possessing a long half-life and high radioactive hazard. Direct release into the environment poses a potential threat to human health and the ecological environment.

[0003] Therefore, the nuclear industry requires highly efficient exhaust gas treatment systems to ensure that radioactive gases are effectively removed and retained before being emitted. Activated carbon adsorption technology, due to its high efficiency and reliability, has been widely used in the treatment of radioactive gases.

[0004] Existing activated carbon adsorption beds typically employ a horizontal structure, with ordinary activated carbon filling the interior. These devices primarily rely on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon to remove iodine when treating radioactive gases. However, traditional adsorption beds lack comprehensive consideration in their design for gas flow, exhaust gas temperature control, and dust management, leading to unstable adsorption efficiency and requiring improvements in equipment reliability and safety. For example, when treating high-temperature exhaust gases, traditional adsorption beds lack effective cooling systems, which can easily cause a decline in activated carbon adsorption performance and even pose safety hazards.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies need to be improved and enhanced. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, this utility model provides a prototype of an iodine adsorption device for the tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor, which can remove radioactive iodine from the tail gas system and improve the safety, reliability and convenience of the gas path system of the thorium-based molten salt reactor.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A prototype of an iodine adsorption device for tail gas from a thorium-based molten salt reactor with liquid fuel includes a vertical cylindrical body. From top to bottom, the vertical cylindrical body comprises a filter chamber, a nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated chamber, and a dust collection chamber. A tail gas inlet is located below the nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated chamber, and a tail gas outlet is located in the filter chamber. An air-cooling pipe is installed inside the nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated chamber, and an air-cooling pipe inlet and outlet are located on the vertical cylindrical body. Iodine-containing tail gas enters through the tail gas inlet, undergoes iodine adsorption in the nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated chamber and the filter chamber, and finally exits through the tail gas outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the vertical cylinder is provided with a first buffer chamber at the position of the exhaust gas inlet. The upper end of the first buffer chamber is connected to the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber, and the lower end of the first buffer chamber is connected to the dust collection chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, a thermistor is provided at the exhaust gas inlet. When the temperature detected by the thermistor is greater than a preset temperature, cold air is supplied to the cold air pipe inlet along with the cold air source at the air-cooling pipe inlet.

[0010] Furthermore, differential pressure gauges are installed at the top and bottom of the filter cavity and at the exhaust gas inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, a second buffer chamber is provided between the filter cavity and the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the air-cooling pipe is U-shaped.

[0013] Furthermore, the filter cavity includes a first chamber and a second chamber, the lower end of the first chamber is connected to the second buffer chamber, a filter is disposed in the second chamber, and the upper end of the first chamber is connected to the air inlet of the filter.

[0014] Furthermore, flanges are provided at the connecting ends of the filter cavity, the second buffer chamber, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling cavity, the first buffer chamber, and the dust collection cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, a support base is provided on the outer wall of the dust collection chamber, and the dust collection chamber is provided with a discharge port.

[0016] Furthermore, a grid plate is provided at the connection between the filter chamber, the second buffer chamber, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber, the first buffer chamber, and the dust collection chamber. Gas from the exhaust gas inlet can pass sequentially through the first buffer chamber, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber, the second buffer chamber, and the filter, and finally be discharged from the exhaust gas outlet.

[0017] Compared to existing technologies, the iodine adsorption device prototype for thorium-based molten salt reactor tail gas provided by this invention includes a vertical cylindrical body. The vertical cylindrical body has, from top to bottom, a filter chamber, an activated carbon filling chamber, and a dust collection chamber. A tail gas inlet is located below the activated carbon filling chamber, and a tail gas outlet is located in the filter chamber. An air-cooling pipe is installed inside the activated carbon filling chamber, and an air-cooling pipe inlet and outlet are located on the vertical cylindrical body. Iodine-containing tail gas enters through the tail gas inlet, undergoes iodine adsorption in the activated carbon filling chamber and the filter chamber, and finally exits through the tail gas outlet. In this invention, the tail gas is fed into the vertical cylindrical body from the bottom, and after adsorption and filtration, it exits from the top of the vertical cylindrical body, which helps increase the flowability of the tail gas. Furthermore, by filling the adsorption chamber with nuclear-grade activated carbon, radioactive iodine in the tail gas system can be removed, improving the safety, reliability, and convenience of the gas path system of the thorium-based molten salt reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor provided by this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor provided by this utility model.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: Vertical cylinder-1, filter chamber-2, impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber-3, dust collection chamber-4, exhaust gas inlet-5, exhaust gas outlet-6, air-cooling pipe inlet-7, air-cooling pipe outlet-8, first buffer chamber-9, second buffer chamber-10, first chamber-11, second chamber-12, thermometer interface-14. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0024] In this utility model, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this utility model and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides orientation or positional relationship; for example, the term "upper" may in some cases indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms “first” and “second” as used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising / including” or “having” specify the presence of the stated features, integrals, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0026] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0027] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a thorium-based molten salt reactor with liquid fuel provided by this utility model includes a vertical cylindrical body 1. The vertical cylindrical body 1 is provided with a filter chamber 2, a nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated filling chamber 3, and a dust collection chamber 4 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A tail gas inlet 5 is provided below the nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated filling chamber 3. A tail gas outlet 6 is provided in the filter chamber 2. An air-cooling pipe is provided inside the nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated filling chamber 3. An air-cooling pipe inlet 7 and an air-cooling pipe outlet 8 are provided on the vertical cylindrical body 1. Iodine-containing tail gas enters from the tail gas inlet 5, adsorbs iodine through the nuclear-grade activated carbon impregnated filling chamber 3 and the filter chamber 2, and finally exits from the tail gas outlet 6.

[0029] Understandably, the iodine-containing exhaust gas enters through the exhaust gas inlet 5, is adsorbed by the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3 and the filter chamber 2, and is finally discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 6. During this process, because the vertical cylinder 1 is placed vertically, the iodine-containing exhaust gas has better flowability and can sequentially enter the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3 to be adsorbed by the activated carbon, and then enter the filter chamber 2 for filtration, ensuring that the radioactive iodine gas in the exhaust gas can be removed. It should be noted that the dust collection chamber 4 can collect activated carbon powder from the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3, so that the gas from the exhaust gas inlet 5 can enter the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3 as much as possible.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, in the technical solution of this utility model, the iodine-containing exhaust gas enters from the exhaust gas inlet 5, is adsorbed by the impregnated activated carbon filling cavity and the filter cavity 2, and is finally discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 6. The exhaust gas is sent from the bottom of the vertical cylinder 1, and after adsorption and filtration, it is output from the top of the vertical cylinder 1, which helps to increase the flow of the exhaust gas. In addition, by filling the adsorption cavity with impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon, radioactive iodine in the exhaust gas system can be removed, improving the safety, reliability and convenience of the gas path system of the thorium-based molten salt reactor.

[0031] Furthermore, the vertical cylindrical body 1 is provided with a first buffer chamber 9 at the position of the exhaust gas inlet 5. The upper end of the first buffer chamber 9 is connected to the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3, and the lower end of the first buffer chamber 9 is connected to the dust collection chamber. It can be understood that the first buffer chamber 9 is used to store exhaust gas so that sufficient exhaust gas can enter the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3 to improve the iodine removal efficiency.

[0032] Furthermore, a thermistor is installed at the exhaust gas inlet 5. When the temperature detected by the thermistor exceeds a preset temperature, cold air is supplied to the air-cooling pipe inlet 7 via a cold air source. When the exhaust gas temperature is too high, it can be cooled by the air-cooling system, ensuring that the activated carbon operates within its optimal temperature range, improving adsorption efficiency, avoiding the impact of high temperature on the adsorption performance of the activated carbon, ensuring stable operation of the equipment under different operating conditions, and improving the reliability and adsorption effect of the system.

[0033] Furthermore, the impregnated nucleus-grade activated carbon filling cavity 3 is vertically provided with several thermometer interfaces 14, each of which is equipped with a thermistor. In one embodiment, there are 2-8 thermometer interfaces 14, equidistantly arranged on the side wall of the impregnated nucleus-grade activated carbon filling cavity 3. For example, when 4 thermometer interfaces 14 are used, the distance between any two adjacent thermometer interfaces 14 is equal, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of temperature changes at different locations within the impregnated nucleus-grade activated carbon filling cavity 3, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of the temperature distribution throughout the entire impregnated nucleus-grade activated carbon filling cavity 3. If the temperature detected by the thermistor in one of the thermometer interfaces 14 exceeds a set value (e.g., 40°C), the valve of the cold air source connected to the cold air pipe inlet is opened, allowing cold air to flow into the air-cooling pipe to cool the exhaust gas and activated carbon, thereby improving adsorption efficiency, reducing the decrease in adsorption performance caused by temperature fluctuations, and ensuring that iodine in the exhaust gas can be efficiently removed.

[0034] Furthermore, differential pressure gauges are installed at the top and bottom of the filter chamber 2 and at the exhaust gas inlet 5. These gauges monitor the pressure change of the gas after passing through the entire adsorption bed, ensuring that the pressure inside the adsorption cylinder remains slightly positive. For example, when the ambient atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, the pressure inside the adsorption cylinder is 102-105 kPa, preventing air from entering the adsorption device. Simultaneously, by obtaining the pressure difference between the exhaust gas inlet 5 and the exhaust gas outlet 6, it is possible to determine whether the activated carbon is unevenly packed or blocked, whether the gas flow rate is too high, or whether there are any abnormal conditions in the adsorption cylinder of the vertical adsorption device.

[0035] Furthermore, a second buffer chamber 10 is provided between the filter chamber 2 and the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon-filled chamber 3. The second buffer chamber 10 can transfer the exhaust gas that has just been adsorbed by the activated carbon, ensuring that enough exhaust gas enters the filter chamber 2 for filtration, thereby improving the iodine removal efficiency.

[0036] Furthermore, the air-cooling pipe is U-shaped, which increases the contact area between the air-cooling pipe and the activated carbon and exhaust gas, thereby maximizing the cooling efficiency of the activated carbon and exhaust gas to achieve a better iodine removal effect.

[0037] Furthermore, the filter chamber 2 includes a first chamber 11 and a second chamber 12. The lower end of the first chamber 11 is connected to the second buffer chamber, and a filter is installed in the second chamber 12. The upper end of the first chamber 11 is connected to the air inlet of the filter. It can be understood that, in addition to the second buffer chamber 10 serving as a temporary transition chamber for exhaust gas, the first chamber 11 can expand the exhaust gas storage capacity, ensuring that sufficient exhaust gas smoothly enters the second chamber 12 for filtration, and ensuring that the air pressure in the second chamber 12 is within the normal range, that is, ensuring that the air pressure at the exhaust gas outlet 6 is normal.

[0038] Furthermore, flanges are provided at the connecting ends of the filter chamber 2, the second buffer chamber 10, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon-filled chamber 3, the first buffer chamber 9, and the dust collection chamber. Using flange connections allows for quick disassembly and reassembly of the filter chamber 2, the second buffer chamber 10, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon-filled chamber 3, the first buffer chamber 9, and the dust collection chamber, thereby facilitating maintenance, cleaning, or replacement of components (such as activated carbon or filter elements) in each chamber.

[0039] Furthermore, a support base is provided on the outer wall of the dust collection chamber. The support base can support the vertical cylinder 1 to maintain a vertical position. The dust collection chamber is provided with a discharge port (not shown in the figure). Dust falling from the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3 can be discharged from the discharge port, ensuring that the dust collection chamber has sufficient space to hold dust.

[0040] Furthermore, a grid plate is provided at the connection between the filter chamber 2, the second buffer chamber 10, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3, the first buffer chamber 9, and the dust collection chamber. The gas from the exhaust gas inlet 5 can pass sequentially through the first buffer chamber 9, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber 3, the second buffer chamber 10, and the filter, and finally be discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 6.

[0041] It is understandable that the perforated plate allows gas to pass through while ensuring that the large activated carbon particles are supported in the impregnated core-grade activated carbon filling cavity 3, so that it can not only allow air to pass through but also provide support.

[0042] In summary, the prototype iodine adsorption device for thorium-based molten salt reactor tail gas provided by this invention uses the first buffer chamber and the second chamber to store tail gas, ensuring sufficient tail gas to enter the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber and the filter chamber to improve iodine removal efficiency. Cooling via an air-cooling system ensures the activated carbon operates within its optimal temperature range, improving adsorption efficiency and avoiding the negative impact of high temperatures on activated carbon adsorption performance. The flange connection allows for rapid disassembly and reassembly of the filter chamber, the second buffer chamber, the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber, the first buffer chamber, and the dust collection chamber, facilitating maintenance, cleaning, or component replacement of each chamber. In this invention, tail gas is introduced from the bottom of the vertical cylinder, adsorbed, and filtered before exiting from the top, increasing tail gas flowability. Furthermore, filling the adsorption chamber with impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon removes radioactive iodine from the tail gas system, improving the safety, reliability, and convenience of the thorium-based molten salt reactor's gas path system.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prototype of an iodine adsorption device for tail gas from a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor, characterized in that, The system includes a vertical cylindrical body (1), which is provided with a filter chamber (2), an impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3), and a dust collection chamber (4) from top to bottom. A tail gas inlet (5) is provided below the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3), and a tail gas outlet (6) is provided in the filter chamber (2). An air-cooling pipe is provided inside the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3), and an air-cooling pipe inlet (7) and an air-cooling pipe outlet (8) are provided on the vertical cylindrical body (1). Iodine-containing tail gas enters from the tail gas inlet (5), is adsorbed by the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3) and the filter chamber (2), and is finally discharged from the tail gas outlet (6).

2. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical cylinder (1) is provided with a first buffer chamber (9) at the position of the exhaust gas inlet (5). The upper end of the first buffer chamber (9) is connected to the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3), and the lower end of the first buffer chamber (9) is connected to the dust collection chamber.

3. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A thermistor is provided at the exhaust gas inlet (5). When the temperature detected by the thermistor is greater than the preset temperature, the cold air source of the air-cooled pipe inlet (7) supplies cold air to the air-cooled pipe inlet.

4. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Differential pressure gauges are installed at the top and bottom of the filter cavity (2) and at the exhaust gas inlet (5).

5. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, A second buffer chamber (10) is provided between the filter chamber (2) and the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3).

6. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-cooling pipe is U-shaped.

7. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filter chamber (2) includes a first chamber (11) and a second chamber (12). The lower end of the first chamber (11) is connected to the second buffer chamber. A filter is provided in the second chamber (12). The upper end of the first chamber (11) is connected to the air inlet of the filter.

8. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filter chamber (2), the second buffer chamber (10), the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3), the first buffer chamber (9), and the dust collection chamber are connected by flanges.

9. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support base is provided on the outer wall of the dust collection chamber, and the dust collection chamber is provided with a discharge port.

10. The prototype of the iodine adsorption device for tail gas of a liquid fuel thorium-based molten salt reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that, A grid plate is provided at the connection between the filter chamber (2), the second buffer chamber (10), the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3), the first buffer chamber (9), and the dust collection chamber. Gas from the exhaust gas inlet (5) can pass through the first buffer chamber (9), the impregnated nuclear-grade activated carbon filling chamber (3), the second buffer chamber (10), and the filter in sequence, and finally be discharged from the exhaust gas outlet (6).

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