Dry pneumatic magnetic separation apparatus

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of mineral processing and sorting technology, specifically to a dry airflow magnetic separation equipment, including a sorting box, a magnetic system, and an air supply system. The sorting box is inclined, with magnetic systems symmetrically arranged on both sides. An air supply system is connected to one side of the sorting box to provide airflow. A feed inlet is located at the top of the sorting box; an airflow channel is located on the side of the sorting box, through which the air supply system provides airflow; an air outlet is located on the upper part of the side of the sorting box opposite to the airflow channel; a flow guide component is also provided inside the sorting box to guide the movement of the sorted material; and a concentrate outlet and a tailings outlet are located at the bottom of the sorting box. This utility model, by arranging magnetic systems and an air supply system on both sides of the sorting box, introduces the influence of wind force, optimizes the particle movement trajectory, and achieves efficient sorting of fine-grained magnetic monomer materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of magnetic separation technology in mineral processing, and in particular to a dry airflow magnetic separation device. Background Technology

[0002] Mineral resources are a vital material foundation of the national economy, and improving their development and utilization efficiency is crucial for resource security and sustainable development. Raw ores typically require beneficiation to enrich useful minerals or remove gangue to meet industrial raw material requirements. Magnetic separation, utilizing differences in mineral magnetic properties for low-cost separation, has become one of the most economical and efficient beneficiation methods, widely used in ferrous metals (iron, chromium), non-ferrous metals (tungsten, tantalum), non-metallic minerals (kaolin), and metallurgical waste (red mud, tailings).

[0003] Magnetic separators are classified into wet and dry types based on the medium used. Compared to wet magnetic separation, dry magnetic separation offers advantages such as shorter process flow, lower cost, and water and energy savings, making it particularly suitable for water-scarce or frigid regions. Existing dry magnetic separators use a motor to drive a rotating drum, causing the material to fall freely. Magnetic and non-magnetic materials are separated under the combined effects of magnetic separation and gravity. However, with the increasing scarcity, fineness, and complexity of mineral resources, conventional dry magnetic separators struggle to meet the demands of fine particle separation, severely limiting their application in the recovery of high-value-added materials such as rare earths and lithium, as well as the resource utilization of ultrafine tailings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that existing magnetic separators cannot effectively separate fine-grained magnetic monomer materials, this invention provides a dry airflow magnetic separation device. By setting up a magnetic system and an air supply system on both sides of the separation box, the device introduces the influence of wind force, optimizes the particle movement trajectory, and achieves efficient separation of fine-grained magnetic monomer materials.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A dry airflow magnetic separation device includes a separation box, a magnetic system and an air supply system. The separation box is inclined, and magnetic systems are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the separation box. An air supply system that provides airflow to the separation box is connected to one side of the separation box. The sorting box has a feed inlet at the top; an airflow channel is located on the side of the sorting box, through which the air supply system provides airflow; an air outlet is located on the upper part of the side of the sorting box opposite to the airflow channel; the interior of the sorting box also has a flow guiding component to guide the movement of gas and materials; and a concentrate outlet and a tailings outlet are located at the bottom of the sorting box. By symmetrically arranging magnetic poles and an air supply system on both sides of the sorting box, separation is achieved through airflow. The airflow disperses the materials during the separation process, ensuring that each particle is fully exposed to the magnetic field, allowing the magnetic medium to be effectively captured by the magnetic system. This enables the separation of fine-grained magnetic monomer materials.

[0006] Furthermore, the sorting box is tilted at an angle to the vertical direction, the angle ranging from 10° to 30°. The tilted arrangement of the sorting box allows the material to move towards the bottom of the sorting box under the influence of gravity.

[0007] Furthermore, an infeed baffle is fixed obliquely inside the sorting box, and the infeed baffle is located at the lower part of the inlet. The infeed baffle inside the sorting box allows the material to be introduced into the airflow channel from the inlet, and at the same time, it can make the material evenly dispersed and fall into the sorting box, which facilitates the movement of the material by the airflow.

[0008] Furthermore, an air inlet is provided on the side of the sorting box, and an air distribution plate is fixed on the side of the sorting box. An air inlet is provided on the air distribution plate. The airflow channel includes an air inlet and an air inlet, and the air inlet and the air inlet are connected. The air inlet and the air inlet form an airflow channel, which facilitates the air supply system to transmit air to the inside of the sorting box through the airflow channel.

[0009] Furthermore, a filter cloth is fixed between the air distribution plate and the side wall of the sorting box. By setting the filter cloth, impurities are prevented from entering the sorting box, and at the same time, the incoming airflow is uniformly evened under the action of the air distribution plate, ensuring that the airflow entering the sorting box forms a uniform horizontal flow field.

[0010] Furthermore, a spare air outlet is provided in the middle of the top plate on the same side as the air outlet; a spare concentrate outlet and a spare tailings outlet are provided at the bottom of the top plate corresponding to the concentrate outlet and tailings outlet.

[0011] Furthermore, the flow guiding assembly includes multiple flow guiding baffles, which are fixed in a stepped manner inside the sorting box. Non-magnetic particles that have been separated in the sorting box move along the flow guiding baffles and are discharged from the tailings outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple of the aforementioned baffles form an angle with the side plate of the sorting box, with the angle ranging from 30° to 60°. This effectively changes the airflow direction, guides the airflow direction, and prevents material from accumulating on the baffles, thereby improving the material movement efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the right ends of the multiple flow guide baffles are aligned and the distance between them and the right side of the sorting box is the same. The left ends of the flow guide baffles are all located on the same ray, which forms an angle with the vertical plane, the angle being less than 5°. This prevents magnetic particles from flowing out of the tailings outlet.

[0014] Furthermore, a separator frame is provided at the tail end of the sorting box. The separator frame includes a vertical section and an inclined section. The vertical section and the right side of the sorting box form a tailings discharge area, which is connected to the tailings outlet. The inclined section and the left side of the sorting box form a concentrate discharge area, which is connected to the concentrate outlet. The separator frame isolates the sorted materials, ensuring effective sorting.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model through the above technical solution are: This invention utilizes a sorting box, a magnetic system, and an air supply system. Under the influence of the magnetic system, magnetic monomer particles agglomerate to form magnetic chains. The air supply system provides airflow, creating a horizontal flow field within the sorting box. Under the drag force of the fluid, non-magnetic particles and aggregates diverge in their trajectories, thus achieving the separation of fine-grained magnetic monomer materials from non-magnetic particles and aggregates. Furthermore, by incorporating a flow guiding component inside the sorting box, this invention creates a uniform and stable gas flow field, optimizes the material movement trajectory, and improves the accuracy and purity of the sorting of fine-grained magnetic monomer materials. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a dry airflow magnetic separation device according to this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the sorting box of a dry airflow magnetic separation equipment according to this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the sorting box of a dry airflow magnetic separation equipment according to this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the sorting box of a dry airflow magnetic separation device according to this utility model.

[0020] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Sorting box, 2. Feed baffle, 3. Feed inlet, 4. Air supply system, 5. Air distribution plate, 6. Magnetic system, 7. Guide baffle, 8. Separator, 81. Vertical section, 82. Inclined section, 9. Concentrate outlet, 10. Tailings outlet, 11. Air outlet, 12. Air inlet one, 13. Air inlet two, 14. Filter cloth, 15. Bottom plate, 16. Flange end plate, 17. Enclosure plate, 18. Top plate, 19. Sealing plate, 20. Backup air outlet, 21. Backup concentrate outlet, 22. Backup tailings outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1-4 As shown, a dry airflow magnetic separation device includes a separation box 1, a magnetic system 6, and an air supply system 4. The separation box 1 is inclined at an angle to the vertical direction, with the angle ranging from 10° to 30°. Preferably, the inclination angle between the separation box 1 and the vertical direction is 15°, which facilitates the movement and discharge of materials entering the separation box 1. In this embodiment, the separation time of minerals inside the separation box 1 can be adjusted by regulating the angle between the separation box 1 and the vertical direction, thereby adapting to the separation of different minerals.

[0022] A magnetic system 6 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sorting box 1. The magnetic system 6 consists of magnetic pole groups made of ferrite material. While ensuring the symmetrical arrangement of the magnetic system 6, the magnetic field strength within the sorting box 1 is adjusted by regulating the distance between the two magnetic pole groups of the magnetic system 6. In this embodiment, the distance between the two magnetic pole groups in the magnetic system 6 is 720 mm.

[0023] A ventilation system 4 is connected to one side of the sorting box 1 to provide airflow support for the sorting box 1. In this embodiment, the ventilation system 4 is an existing ventilation system 4 such as a fan that can provide wind support for the device. It provides airflow to the sorting box 1 by connecting to the device through a pipe or by blowing air directly into the sorting box 1.

[0024] The sorting box 1 is a box made of magnetically conductive stainless steel. The sorting box 1 includes a bottom plate 15, flange end plates 16, surrounding plates 17, and a top plate 18. The flange end plates 16 are fixed to the left and right sides of the bottom plate 15, and the surrounding plates 17 are fixed to the top and bottom ends of the bottom plate 15. The surrounding plates 17 have a "U" shaped structure. The top plate 18 is located on the upper part of the bottom plate 15 and is fixedly connected to the surrounding plates 17 and flange end plates 16. The bottom plate 15, surrounding plates 17, flange end plates 16, and top plate 18 form the sorting box 1. A feed inlet 3 is provided on the upper part of the top plate 18 of the sorting box 1. To improve the movement and sorting of materials after they enter the sorting box 1, a feed baffle 2 is fixedly connected to the top surrounding plate 17 of the sorting box 1. The feed baffle 2 is located below the feed inlet 3, guiding the materials entering the sorting box 1 closer to the airflow channel, while also facilitating the even falling of materials into the sorting box 1 and the movement of materials by airflow.

[0025] An airflow channel is provided on the side of the sorting box 1. The air supply system 4 provides airflow to the sorting box 1 through a pipe connected to the airflow channel or directly through the airflow channel. Specifically, an air inlet 12 is provided on the flange end plate 16 on one side of the sorting box 1. An air distribution plate 5 is fixed to the outside of the flange end plate 16, and an air inlet 13 is provided on the air distribution plate 5. The airflow channel includes the air inlet 12 and the air inlet 13, which are connected. A filter cloth 14 is fixedly connected between the air distribution plate 5 and the flange end plate 16. This prevents impurities from entering the sorting box 1. At the same time, the air distribution plate 5 performs secondary flow equalization on the incoming airflow, ensuring that the airflow entering the sorting box 1 forms a uniform horizontal flow field. A sealing plate 19 is fixed to the outside of the flange end plate 16 on the other side of the sorting box 1. An air outlet 11 is provided on the upper part of the side opposite to the airflow channel of the sorting box 1. The air outlet 11 is located on the top plate 18, so that a stable gas flow field with a single direction is formed inside the sorting box 1, ensuring that non-magnetic particles flow along the guide baffle 7 to the tailings outlet 10. In this embodiment, a spare air outlet 20 is also provided in the middle of the top plate of the sorting box 1.

[0026] The sorting box 1 is also equipped with a flow guiding assembly to guide the movement of gas and materials. This assembly includes multiple flow guiding baffles 7, which are fixed in a stepped manner inside the sorting box 1. Each of the multiple flow guiding baffles 7 forms an angle with the side plate of the sorting box 1, the angle ranging from 30° to 60°, preferably 45°. This allows the sorted non-magnetic particles to be blown by the airflow along the flow guiding baffles 7 and discharged from the tailings outlet 10. The right ends of the multiple flow guiding baffles 7 are aligned and equidistant from the right flange end plate 16 of the sorting box 1. In this embodiment, the distance between the flow guiding baffles 7 and the right flange end plate 16 of the sorting box 1 is 72 mm. The left ends of the multiple flow guiding baffles 7 are located on the same ray, which forms an angle with the vertical plane, less than 5°. In this embodiment, the angle is 2°. The cross-sectional area of ​​the guide baffle 7 through which the airflow passes becomes smaller and smaller, preventing magnetic particles from flowing out of the tailings outlet 10.

[0027] A partition frame 8 is provided on the bottom enclosure 17 of the sorting box 1. The partition frame 8 includes a vertical section 81 and an inclined section 82. The top of the vertical section 81 is fixedly connected to the right end face of the guide baffle 7 at the end, and the bottom of the vertical section 81 is connected to the enclosure 17 located at the bottom. The vertical section 81, together with the right flange end plate 16 and the bottom enclosure 17 of the sorting box 1, forms a tailings discharge area. A tailings outlet 10 is opened on the bottom plate 15 of the tailings discharge area, and a spare tailings outlet 22 is opened at the bottom of the top plate 18 opposite to the tailings outlet 10. The top of the inclined section 82 is connected to the left side of the vertical section 81, and the bottom of the inclined section 82 is connected to the enclosure 17. The inclined section 82, together with the left flange end plate 16 and the bottom plate 15 and enclosure 17 of the sorting box 1, forms a concentrate discharge area. A concentrate outlet 9 is opened on the bottom plate 15 of the concentrate discharge area, and a spare concentrate outlet 21 is opened at the bottom of the top plate 18 opposite to the concentrate outlet 9.

[0028] During operation, the material is introduced into the sorting box 1 through the feed inlet 3 and the feed baffle 2. Under the action of the magnetic system 6, the magnetic individual particles agglomerate to form magnetic chains. The airflow provided by the air supply system 4 forms a uniform horizontal flow field through the gas channel. When the material falls from the top of the sorting box 1, it is subjected to the fluid drag force generated by the horizontal airflow, causing non-magnetic particles and intergrowths to diverge from the magnetic chains. The wind force fully disperses the material, and under the blowing action of the wind, the tiny non-magnetic particles and intergrowths move to the right side of the sorting box 1 under the action of the stepped guide baffle 7, and finally slide to the tailings discharge area formed by the vertical section 81 of the separator 8 and the right flange end plate 16, and are discharged through the tailings outlet 10. Magnetic materials, due to the resistance of the airflow disturbance caused by the formed magnetic chains, fall directly down the bottom of the sorting box 1, fall onto the inclined section 82 of the separator 8, and are finally discharged from the concentrate outlet 9. This achieves the separation of magnetic and non-magnetic minerals. The residual gas in the sorting box 1 is discharged through the air outlet 11.

[0029] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the patent claims of this utility model should be included within the scope of the patent application of this utility model.

Claims

1. A dry pneumatic magnetic separation apparatus, characterized in that, It includes a sorting box (1), a magnetic system (6) and an air supply system (4). The sorting box (1) is inclined and magnetic systems (6) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sorting box (1). An air supply system (4) that provides airflow to the sorting box (1) is connected to one side of the sorting box (1). The sorting box (1) has a feed inlet (3) at the top; the sorting box (1) has an airflow channel on the side, and the air supply system (4) provides airflow to the sorting box (1) through the airflow channel; the sorting box (1) has an air outlet (11) on the upper part opposite to the airflow channel; the sorting box (1) also has a flow guide component to guide the movement of gas and materials; the sorting box (1) has a concentrate outlet (9) and a tailings outlet (10) at the bottom.

2. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The sorting box (1) is inclined at an angle to the vertical direction, and the angle range is 10°~30°.

3. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting box (1) is fixed inside with an inclined feed baffle (2), which is located at the lower part of the feed inlet (3).

4. The dry airflow magnetic separation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting box (1) has an air inlet 1 (12) on its side and an air distribution plate (5) fixed on its side. The air distribution plate (5) has an air inlet 2 (13) on its side. The airflow channel includes an air inlet 1 (12) and an air inlet 2 (13). The air inlet 1 (12) and the air inlet 2 (13) are connected.

5. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that A filter cloth (14) is fixed between the air distribution plate (5) and the side wall of the sorting box (1).

6. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, A spare air outlet (20) is provided in the middle of the top plate (18) on the same side as the air outlet (11); a spare concentrate outlet (21) and a spare tailings outlet (22) are provided at the bottom of the top plate (18) corresponding to the concentrate outlet (9) and the tailings outlet (10).

7. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guiding assembly includes multiple flow guiding baffles (7), which are fixed inside the sorting box (1) in a stepped manner.

8. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that Multiple flow guide baffles (7) are angled to the side plate of the sorting box (1), and the angle range is 30°~60°.

9. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that The right ends of the multiple flow guide baffles (7) are aligned and the distance between them from the right side of the sorting box (1) is the same. The left ends of the flow guide baffles (7) are all located on the same ray, which forms an angle with the vertical plane, and the angle is less than 5°.

10. A dry magnetic separation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The sorting box (1) is provided with a partition frame (8) at the tail end. The partition frame (8) includes a vertical section (81) and an inclined section (82). The vertical section (81) and the right side of the sorting box (1) form a tailings discharge area, which is connected to the tailings outlet (10). The inclined section (82) and the left side of the sorting box (1) form a concentrate discharge area, which is connected to the concentrate outlet (9).

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