A super large plane finishing milling cutter structure

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of milling tool technology, and particularly relates to a milling cutter head structure for ultra-large planar finishing milling. It includes a tool holder, a cutter head body, and a tool shank. The upper end face of the cutter head body has a tool holder mounting groove and multiple mounting holes for mounting the tool holder. The flange at the bottom of the tool holder has a boss structure that mates with the tool holder mounting groove and is connected to the cutter head body by fasteners passing through the mounting holes, allowing the tool holder to coaxially engage with the center hole of the cutter head body. The outer circumference of the cutter head body has several tool shank mounting grooves perpendicular to its upper and lower end faces. The tool shank is detachably mounted in the tool shank mounting groove. A cutter head end cap is also installed on the upper end face of the cutter head body, forming a closed structure. By using a large-diameter cutter head, combined with a high linear velocity and a small feed rate, the surface machining accuracy of the workpiece is improved. By setting up a reasonably arranged weight-reducing cavity, the mass of the cutter head is effectively reduced, vibration during machining is decreased, and cutting stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of milling tool technology, and in particular relates to a cutter head structure for ultra-large planar finishing milling. Background Technology

[0002] A milling cutter is a multi-edged rotary cutting tool used for milling operations. It features a compact structure, high cutting efficiency, and strong adaptability. During machining, the milling cutter achieves its main motion through rotation, with its multiple cutting teeth intermittently removing excess material from the workpiece surface. Milling cutters are mainly used to machine various types of planes, stepped surfaces, grooves, shaped curved surfaces, and to cut off complex geometric structures such as workpieces. During machining, the tool rotates to create the cutting motion, while the workpiece moves to achieve the feed motion. In some cases, the workpiece can remain stationary; in this case, the tool needs to rotate and move simultaneously to superimpose the cutting path and feed, achieving efficient machining of multiple directions and curved surfaces.

[0003] With the increasing demands for high-quality finishing milling of large-size aluminum alloy and composite materials in industries such as aerospace, wind power, and rail transportation, traditional face milling cutters are prone to problems such as cutting vibration, uneven runout, and unstable surface roughness in ultra-large planar machining, making it difficult to achieve the high surface finish requirement of Ra3.2 or below. In actual machining processes, methods such as increasing the tool diameter or reducing the feed rate are often used to improve surface quality, but this leads to a significant decrease in machining efficiency; or methods such as adjusting the tool balance once are used, but these cannot dynamically compensate for vibration and unbalanced torque during the cutting process, resulting in poor surface accuracy and requiring further grinding to achieve the required precision. In view of the above problems, a new face milling cutter for ultra-large planar finishing is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This utility model addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a cutter head structure for ultra-large planar finishing milling.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a large-scale planar finishing milling cutter head structure, comprising a tool holder, a cutter head body, and a tool shank; the upper end face of the cutter head body is provided with a tool holder mounting groove and multiple mounting and fixing holes for mounting the tool holder; the flange at the bottom of the tool holder is provided with a boss structure that mates with the tool holder mounting groove, and is connected to the cutter head body by fasteners passing through the mounting and fixing holes, for the tool holder and the center hole of the cutter head body to be coaxially engaged;

[0006] The outer circumference of the cutter head body is provided with several cutter bar mounting slots perpendicular to its upper and lower end faces; the cutter bar is detachably installed in the cutter bar mounting slots;

[0007] The upper end face of the cutter head body is also equipped with a cutter head end cover, forming a closed structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the tool holder has a tool disc connection hole on its side, and the tool holder is fastened to the side wall of the tool holder mounting groove by a fastener passing through the tool disc connection hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the tool holder mounting groove is a symmetrically distributed rectangular groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the cutter head body has multiple circular weight-reducing cavities evenly distributed on it, and the diameter of each circular weight-reducing cavity is 44mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the end face of the tool holder mounting groove is parallel to the side face of the tool holder, so that they fit together after assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the tool holder is provided with a blade mounting groove for mounting the blade; the blade is provided with a positioning hole that cooperates with the blade positioning pin, the blade positioning pin is located in the center of the blade mounting groove of the tool holder, and the upper part of the blade positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole of the blade to achieve positioning of the blade.

[0013] Furthermore, the tool holder has a screw hole on one side of the blade mounting groove, and the configuration pressure plate has a mounting hole that mates with the pressure plate fixing screw; by passing the pressure plate fixing screw through the mounting hole of the configuration pressure plate and screwing it into the screw hole, one end of the configuration pressure plate is pressed against the upper surface of the blade, which is used to fix the blade in the blade mounting groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of the cutter head body is 300mm.

[0015] Furthermore, after the blade is installed, it forms a cutting angle with a primary cutting edge angle Kr of 90° and a secondary cutting edge angle Kr1 of 2° to 3°.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages.

[0017] This utility model relates to an ultra-large planar milling cutter head structure. By employing a large-diameter cutter head, coupled with a high linear speed and a small feed rate, it significantly improves the surface machining accuracy of the workpiece. Through the rational arrangement of weight-reducing cavities, the mass of the cutter head is effectively reduced, vibration during machining is minimized, and cutting stability is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the assembly drawing of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the assembly drawing of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 4 The following diagram illustrates the processing of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the milling cutter of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the cutter head in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a tool holder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the tool holder assembly according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0028] In the diagram, 1 is the tool holder, 11 is the connecting plate, 12 is the tool sleeve, 13 is the flange, 2 is the cutter head body, 21 is the cutter head end cover, 22 is the center hole, 23 is the weight reduction cavity, 24 is the mounting hole, 25 is the tool holder mounting groove, 26 is the tool bar fixing hole, 27 is the tool bar mounting groove, 3 is the tool bar, 31 is the blade, 32 is the cutter head connecting hole, 33 is the pressure plate fixing screw, 34 is the screw hole, 35 is the blade positioning pin, and 36 is the configuration pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0030] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0031] Depending on the context, words such as “if” or “suppose” used here can be interpreted as “when”, “in response to determination”, or “in response to detection”.

[0032] For ease of understanding, the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail first.

[0033] like Figure 1-9As shown in the specific embodiment, the ultra-large planar finishing milling cutter head structure includes a tool holder 1. The bottom of the flange 13 of the tool holder 1 has a boss structure to mate with the tool holder mounting groove 25 on the cutter head body 2, achieving a tight positioning connection. The upper end of the cutter head has multiple fixing holes 24 for stable connection with the tool holder 1, ensuring coaxial alignment between the tool holder and the center hole 22 of the cutter head body. The cutter head end cap 21 is installed on the upper end face of the cutter head body 2, forming an integral closed structure. The outer circumference of the cutter head body 2 has several tool holder mounting grooves 27, which are perpendicular to the upper and lower end faces of the cutter head body, for mounting tool holder assemblies 3. These grooves are then fastened to the tool holder assemblies 3 through connecting holes 32 on the cutter head body, ensuring the overall structural stability.

[0034] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the upper end face where the cutter head body 2 connects to the flange 13 is provided with a rectangular tool holder mounting groove 25. This not only enhances the connection stability between the tool holder and the cutter head, but also reduces the weight of the cutter head by removing excess material, and helps with balance during the cutting process. The groove adopts a symmetrical distribution design, further improving the dynamic balance of the cutter head during rotation and ensuring the smoothness of the machining process.

[0035] To achieve structural weight reduction while maintaining overall strength, four circular weight-reduction cavities 23 are evenly distributed on the cutter head body 2. The size of the weight-reduction cavities was determined to be the optimal diameter of 44mm after finite element analysis and experimental verification. This is to avoid situations where the diameter is too large, resulting in a decrease in cutter head stiffness and insufficient strength, or too small, resulting in an insignificant weight reduction effect. This ensures that the mechanical properties and service life of the cutter head are not affected while reducing its overall weight.

[0036] A tool holder mounting groove 27 is provided on the outer circumference of the tool head body 2. The end face of the mounting groove is designed to be parallel to the side of the tool holder 3, ensuring a tight fit after assembly. This structure can also effectively protect the configuration pressure plate on the tool holder assembly, preventing it from loosening due to impact from cutting chips or foreign objects during machine tool operation, preventing vibration caused by this, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the tool machining process.

[0037] The tool holder mounting slot 27 has a connecting hole on its side, which is connected to the tool disc connecting hole 32 on the tool holder 3 by fastening screws, further improving the connection strength and fit between the tool holder and the tool disc. This structural design can effectively prevent the tool holder from loosening or vibrating during operation, avoid the tool from deflecting in the up-down or left-right directions, improve the flatness and roughness of the machined surface, and obtain a higher quality machining effect.

[0038] The tool holder body 3 has a tool mounting groove for mounting the tool insert 31, and a tool locating pin 35 is arranged in the center of the groove, serving the dual purpose of tool positioning and fastening. This structure can effectively prevent the tool from loosening due to cutting resistance or vibration during cutting, not only avoiding workpiece damage but also effectively ensuring the personal safety of the operator. Therefore, the locating pin is an essential component of this structure.

[0039] The tool holder body 3 is also provided with screw holes 34, which mate with the mounting holes of the configuration pressure plate 36 and are connected by fastening screws. A small boss with a height of 0.3mm is provided at the junction of the configuration pressure plate 36 and the tool plane to enhance the clamping force on the cutting tool and improve its resistance to vibration interference. Compared with the traditional cutting tool fastening method using a positioning anti-slip block, this structure reduces assembly clearance, significantly improves vibration resistance, and further improves the surface finish of the parts.

[0040] To optimize cutting performance, the tool holder body 3 extends the angle design of the rake face and flank face of the insert, which facilitates chip flow during cutting, reduces chip accumulation, decreases wear on the insert cutting edge and workpiece surface, and extends tool life.

[0041] The part of the tool holder body 3 where the cutting tool is mounted has a certain height difference relative to the lower end face of the tool disc body 2. In actual cutting process, especially under the condition of large cutting depth, it can effectively avoid the collision between the cutting tool and foreign objects on the workpiece surface, thereby preventing tool deviation or breakage caused by interference, and improving the overall machining safety and tool life.

[0042] In actual machining processes, using a large-diameter cutter head with a diameter of 300mm has significant advantages. Due to the larger diameter of the cutter head, a high linear velocity can be achieved even at a lower spindle speed. This high linear velocity helps to form a fine and uniform machining texture during the cutting process, thereby significantly improving the surface quality of the workpiece. Combined with a reasonable feed rate setting, the cutting amount per tooth can be effectively controlled, resulting in a smaller load on each tooth. This not only reduces the wear rate of the cutting inserts but also significantly reduces the power requirements of the spindle. In addition, the combination of high linear velocity and small feed rate effectively reduces the instantaneous cutting impact between the tool and the workpiece, providing excellent surface finishing capabilities, making it very suitable for finishing milling in the semi-finishing stage.

[0043] To ensure stable operation at high linear speeds, the cutter head body features a lightweight design, constructed from high-strength alloy steel or aluminum alloy. Dynamic balance and weight reduction are achieved through radial weight-reducing grooves and circular weight-reducing cavities within the main disc structure, further reducing spindle load and enhancing system rigidity and machining stability. Regarding insert mounting, a design inspired by lathe tools utilizes a tool holder mounting method. This involves adjusting the mounting surface angle on the tool holder to automatically align the insert with the required primary and secondary cutting edges during installation.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown in the diagram, the insert mounting angle is designed with a principal cutting edge angle Kr of approximately 90° and a secondary cutting edge angle Kr1 of 2°–3°. This angle combination offers significant technical advantages in actual machining. Firstly, a principal cutting edge angle Kr close to 90° helps expand the effective coverage area of ​​the tool's cutting path on the workpiece surface, resulting in a tighter overlap between adjacent cutting paths, significantly reducing uncut areas, and effectively avoiding crescent-shaped residues caused by path gaps, thereby improving path continuity and surface consistency. Secondly, controlling the secondary cutting edge angle Kr1 within a smaller range (2°–3°) effectively reduces interference from the secondary cutting edge on the machined surface, reduces frictional effects caused by the contact between the tool end face and the workpiece, and suppresses the formation of stepped tool marks and wavy textures. The proper coordination of the principal and secondary cutting edge angles helps achieve a smooth transition between cutting paths, significantly improving the surface flatness and roughness consistency after milling, enabling the machined surface quality to reach a semi-finishing level, meeting roughness requirements of Ra1.6 or even lower.

[0045] This invention employs a single-tooth, single-insert structure, reducing power consumption and cutting resistance while improving energy efficiency and machining efficiency. Regarding cutting angles, the combination of a principal cutting edge angle of approximately 90° and a secondary cutting edge angle of 2°–3° effectively facilitates better alignment and coverage of each machining trajectory, significantly reducing wave-like patterns and improving surface smoothness and roughness consistency, thereby achieving excellent surface precision. Simultaneously, the rational configuration of the rake and clearance angles helps improve cutting fluidity, reduce cutting resistance, and increase tool fatigue life. Through the optimized design of this invention, the machined surface roughness can reach Ra1.6, essentially achieving a semi-finishing level, reducing the need for subsequent grinding, and improving overall production efficiency and machining quality.

[0046] As a preferred option, the end mill insert uses tungsten-based cemented carbide as the substrate and is coated with a TiAlN-type PVD coating, which combines good toughness and wear resistance, making it suitable for large-area finishing of non-ferrous materials such as aluminum alloys under high-speed milling conditions. More preferably, in applications requiring high surface quality or machining high-silicon aluminum, carbon fiber composite materials, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) inserts can be used to achieve superior surface finish and longer tool life.

[0047] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "preferred embodiment," "detailed description," or "preferred embodiment," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Therefore, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope defined by the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A super large plane finish milling machining cutter structure, comprising a tool shank (1), a cutter body (2) and a tool bar (3); characterized in that: The upper end face of the cutter head body (2) is provided with a tool holder mounting groove (25) for mounting the tool holder (1) and a plurality of mounting and fixing holes (24). The flange (13) at the bottom of the tool holder (1) is provided with a boss structure that mates with the tool holder mounting groove (25), and is connected to the cutter head body (2) by fasteners passing through the mounting and fixing holes (24), so as to achieve coaxial engagement between the tool holder (1) and the center hole (22) of the cutter head body. The outer circumference of the cutter head body (2) is provided with several cutter bar mounting slots (27) perpendicular to its upper and lower end faces, and the cutter bar (3) is detachably installed in the cutter bar mounting slots (27); The upper end face of the cutter head body (2) is also equipped with a cutter head end cover (21) to form a closed structure.

2. The hyper-surface finish milling tool structure according to claim 1, wherein: The tool holder (3) has a tool disc connection hole (32) on its side. The tool holder (3) is fastened to the side wall of the tool holder mounting groove (27) by a fastener passing through the tool disc connection hole (32).

3. The hyper-surface finish milling tool structure according to claim 1, wherein: The tool holder mounting groove (25) is a symmetrically distributed rectangular groove.

4. The ultra-large planar finishing milling cutter head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head body (2) has a plurality of circular weight-reducing cavities (23) evenly distributed on it, and the diameter of the circular weight-reducing cavity (23) is 44mm.

5. The hyper-surface finish milling tool structure according to claim 1, wherein: The end face of the tool holder mounting groove (27) is parallel to the side of the tool holder (3), and the two fit together after assembly.

6. The hyper-surface finish milling tool structure according to claim 1, wherein: The tool holder (3) is provided with a blade mounting groove for mounting the blade (31); the blade (31) is provided with a positioning hole that cooperates with the blade positioning pin (35). The blade positioning pin (35) is located in the center of the blade mounting groove of the tool holder (3), and the upper part of the blade positioning pin (35) is inserted into the positioning hole of the blade (31) to achieve positioning of the blade (31).

7. The hyper-surface finish milling tool structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The blade holder (3) has a screw hole (34) on one side of the blade mounting groove, and the configuration plate (36) has a mounting hole that matches the plate fixing screw (33). The plate fixing screw (33) passes through the mounting hole of the configuration plate (36) and is screwed into the screw hole (34), so that one end of the configuration plate (36) is pressed against the upper surface of the blade (31), and the blade (31) is fixed in the blade mounting groove.

8. The hyper-surface finish milling tool structure according to claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the cutter head body (2) is 300mm.

9. The hyper-surface finish milling tool structure according to claim 6, wherein: After the blade (31) is installed, it forms a cutting angle with a primary cutting edge angle Kr of 90° and a secondary cutting edge angle Kr1 of 2°~3°.

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