Automatic welding device for steel beam shear stud

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of building construction technology, specifically relating to an automatic welding device for shear studs in steel beams. It includes a stud welding gun, a frame, and wheels rotatably connected to the lower part of the frame. Rotating shafts are located on both sides of the gun barrel, rotatably connected to the front of the frame. A drive mechanism is also provided, connected to the rotating shafts. The top of the frame is equipped with a ceramic ring limiting plate, a stud head limiting plate, a push spring, and a lifting push rod. The stud head limiting plates are spaced below the ceramic ring limiting plates. The ceramic ring limiting plates and stud head limiting plates each have stud rod grooves and stud head grooves. The front end of the ceramic ring limiting plate has an upper U-shaped groove, and the front end of the stud head limiting plate has a lower U-shaped groove. The axis of the push spring is arranged along the front-rear direction, and its rear end is fixedly connected to the frame at the rear end of the stud head limiting plate. The lifting push rod is located on the upper side of the ceramic ring limiting plate. This utility model replaces manual labor for stud welding gun installation and welding, saving manpower and improving the accuracy and efficiency of shear stud welding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of building construction technology, and specifically relates to an automatic welding device for shear studs on steel beams. Background Technology

[0002] Steel beam structures are widely used in the construction of bridges and factories. Multiple shear studs are typically welded onto the steel beams to enhance their shear resistance and the connection strength between the steel beam and concrete. A shear stud generally consists of a stud body and a ceramic ring, with the ceramic ring fitted onto the end of the stud shank furthest from the stud head. The ceramic ring is a key component in the shear stud welding process; during welding, a closed cavity is formed between the ceramic ring and the stud shank, improving the welding quality between the stud shank and the steel beam.

[0003] Currently, the welding of shear studs on construction sites is generally accomplished using commercially available arc-type stud welding guns. Existing arc-type stud welding guns mainly consist of a barrel with one open end and one closed end. The open end of the barrel is equipped with a stud sleeve, which can move axially relative to the gun casing. A guide sleeve is located on the outside of the barrel, and inside the guide sleeve is a guide rod parallel to the barrel, which slides axially with the guide sleeve. One end of the guide rod protrudes from the open end face of the barrel, and the end furthest from the barrel is equipped with a pressure plate. The pressure plate has a U-shaped groove with an opening facing horizontally, which passes through the pressure plate axially along the barrel. A switch for starting the stud welding gun is located on the outside of the barrel. When welding shear studs, the operator inserts the stud head into the clamping space of the stud sleeve. The stud sleeve clamps and fixes the stud head, positioning it axially within the clamping space. The ceramic ring on the shear stud is located on the side of the pressure plate away from the gun barrel and is axially aligned with the pressure plate. After aligning the shear stud with the welding position on the steel beam, the operator manually operates the switch on the stud gun. The stud sleeve presses the shear stud down to weld it onto the steel beam, and simultaneously, the stud sleeve drives the pressure plate to press down, pressing the ceramic ring against the steel beam. Then, the stud welding gun is lifted, and the next shear stud and ceramic ring are manually assembled onto the stud gun. This process is repeated until the shear stud is welded onto the steel beam. This method requires the worker to repeatedly lift the welding gun and reload the stud and ceramic ring. It also requires manual manipulation of the stud welding gun to calibrate the position of the shear stud to ensure it is perpendicular to the welding surface of the steel beam. This not only makes it difficult to guarantee the vertical accuracy of the shear stud relative to the steel beam but also results in high manual labor intensity and low welding efficiency. Especially when it comes to the construction of large bridges, the shear studs of steel beams are evenly distributed along the length of the steel beams, and the spacing must meet the specifications. For example, the minimum longitudinal spacing is 5 times the diameter of the stud rod, and the minimum transverse spacing is the diameter of the stud rod + 3cm. Generally, there are hundreds to thousands of shear studs in a single steel beam. If the above method is still used to manually operate the stud welding gun, it will seriously reduce the construction efficiency and easily delay the construction period. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an automatic welding device for steel beam shear studs to replace manual labor in the installation of stud welding guns, thereby saving manpower and improving the welding accuracy and efficiency of shear studs.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the technical problem is: an automatic welding device for steel beam shear studs, including a stud welding gun, the stud welding gun including a gun barrel, a stud sleeve, a guide rod and a pressure plate that moves axially with the stud sleeve; it also includes a frame and wheels rotatably connected to the lower part of the frame, the wheels are provided with at least 4, the axes of the at least 4 wheels are parallel to each other and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame; the horizontal radial direction of the wheels is the front-rear direction of the frame;

[0006] The gun barrel is symmetrically provided with rotating shafts on both sides, which are perpendicular to and fixedly connected to it. The rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the front part of the frame around the axis of the rotating shafts. The rotating shafts are parallel to the center line of the wheels. The frame is also provided with a drive mechanism for driving the rotating shafts to rotate, and the drive mechanism is kinetically connected to the rotating shafts.

[0007] The top of the frame is provided with a ceramic ring limiting plate, a nail head limiting plate, a push spring, and a lifting push rod; the nail head limiting plates are spaced apart below the ceramic ring limiting plate; the ceramic ring limiting plate is provided with a vertically penetrating nail rod groove, and the nail head limiting plate is provided with an upward-opening nail head groove; the center lines of the nail rod groove and the nail head groove are arranged along the front-rear direction of the frame, and the projections of their center lines on the same horizontal plane coincide; the front end of the ceramic ring limiting plate is provided with an upper U-shaped groove with a forward-opening opening and connected to the nail rod groove, and the front end of the nail head limiting plate is provided with a lower U-shaped groove with a forward-opening opening and connected to the nail head groove, and the lower U-shaped groove penetrates the nail head limiting plate vertically;

[0008] The axis of the push spring is arranged in the front-back direction and its rear end is fixedly connected to the frame at the rear end of the nail head limiting plate. The front end of the push spring can extend and retract in the front-back direction. The lifting push rod is set on the upper side of the ceramic ring limiting plate and its lifting end can move up and down reciprocally.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes sleeves and wheel rods, wherein the sleeves are fixedly installed at the lower part of the frame and at least two sleeves are provided, and the at least two sleeves are arranged at intervals along the front-back direction; the axis of the sleeves is arranged along a horizontal direction perpendicular to the front-back direction.

[0010] The wheel and the sleeve are arranged coaxially. One end of the wheel rod is inserted into the sleeve and the two slide axially. The other end of the wheel rod is inserted into the center hole of the wheel hub. A rolling bearing is provided between the center hole of the wheel hub and the wheel rod. The wheel and the wheel rod are rotatably connected through the rolling bearing. A fastening bolt is also threaded on the side wall of the sleeve. The fastening bolt penetrates the wall of the sleeve, and one end of the fastening bolt located inside the sleeve abuts against the wheel rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the front end of the frame has a welding torch mounting slot with an opening facing forward. The length of the welding torch mounting slot is arranged in the vertical direction and extends through the frame in the vertical direction. Mounting through holes are provided on the side walls on both sides of the welding torch mounting slot, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected in the mounting through holes.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate arranged in the front-back direction, with the gun barrel located between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are connected by bolts to clamp the gun barrel; the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the first clamping plate or the second clamping plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotating shaft includes a limiting section welded to the first clamping plate or the second clamping plate and a transition section rotatably connected in the mounting through hole of the frame. The outer diameter of the limiting section is larger than the outer diameter of the transition section. The limiting section and the transition section are integrally formed and arranged axially adjacent to each other.

[0014] The end of the limiting section near the transition section abuts against the side walls on both sides of the welding gun mounting groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor, and the drive shaft of the drive motor is rotatably connected to any of the rotating shafts via a coupling.

[0016] Furthermore, the propulsion spring is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of propulsion springs are evenly distributed in the vertical direction between the ceramic ring limiting plate and the nail head limiting plate.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a U-shaped push plate connected to the front end of the multiple sets of propulsion springs, the U-shaped push plate being located between the ceramic ring limiting plate and the nail head limiting plate; the groove on the U-shaped push plate is arranged along the vertical direction in the length direction, and the groove on the U-shaped push plate is adapted to the shape and size of the nail rod of the shear nail.

[0018] Furthermore, the lifting push rod is a telescopic cylinder; the cylinder body is fixedly installed on the top surface of the ceramic ring limiting plate, the lower end of the telescopic rod of the cylinder protrudes downward from the cylinder body, and the lower end of the telescopic rod of the cylinder is the telescopic end of the lifting push rod.

[0019] Furthermore, a transition ring plate, a buffer spring, and a pressure ring are coaxially sleeved on the telescopic rod of the cylinder. The transition ring plate is spaced apart on the upper side of the lower end face of the telescopic rod and is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod. The upper end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the transition ring plate, and the lower end of the buffer spring is connected to the pressure ring. The pressure ring is axially slidingly engaged with the telescopic rod. The outer diameter of the pressure ring is larger than the inner diameter of the ceramic ring, and the outer diameter of the pressure ring is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the ceramic ring.

[0020] The lower limit position of the pressure ring is located below the lower end face of the telescopic rod.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: It provides an automatic shear stud welding device for steel beams. Multiple shear studs are stored by using mutually cooperating stud head grooves and stud rod grooves. The shear studs are automatically clamped onto the stud welding gun by using mutually cooperating horizontal propulsion parts, vertically rotating stud welding guns, and lifting push rods, thus achieving automatic clamping and welding of the shear studs. The device is equipped with a wheeled frame, allowing it to be moved to a designated position on the steel beam at any time to complete the shear stud welding operation. Multiple shear studs are assembled and stored in the stud head grooves and stud rod grooves at once, and then the automatic clamping and welding of the shear studs can be completed. This eliminates the need for manual repeated lifting and transferring of the stud welding gun, repeated bending over to clamp the shear studs onto the stud welding gun, and also eliminates the need for manual calibration of the welding angle of the stud welding gun, saving manpower and improving the welding accuracy of the shear studs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the axonal structure during the use of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the ceramic ring limiting plate, the nail head limiting plate and the frame;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the lifting push rod and the magnetic ring limiting plate;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic end of the lifting push rod;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the frame and wheels;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the stud welding gun and the frame;

[0028] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle;

[0029] Reference numerals: 11-Frame; 12-Wheel; 13-Sleeve; 14-Wheel rod; 15-Rolling bearing; 16-Fasting bolt; 17-Welding torch mounting slot; 18-Mounting through hole; 21-Shaft; 22-Drive mechanism; 23-Coupling; 31-Ceramic ring limiting plate; 32-Nail head limiting plate; 33-Nail rod slide groove; 34-Nail head slide groove; 35-Upper U-shaped groove; 36-Lower U-shaped groove; 39-Limiting block; 41-Propulsion spring; 42-Spring cover; 421-Spring mounting slot; 43-U-shaped push plate; 44-Spring stop plate; 5-Lifting push rod; 51-Cylinder body; 52-Telescopic rod; 53-Adapter ring plate; 54-Buffer spring; 55-Pressure ring; 61-First clamping plate; 62-Second clamping plate; 63-Clamping bolt; 81-Nail head; 82-Nail rod; 82-Ceramic ring; 9-Stud welding gun; 91-Gun barrel; 92-Stud sleeve; 93-Guide rod; 94-Pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] As attached Figure 1-7As shown, an automatic welding device for shear studs in steel beams includes a stud welding torch 9, which comprises a torch barrel 91, a stud sleeve 92, a guide rod 93, and a pressure plate 94 that moves axially with the stud sleeve 92; it also includes a frame 11 and wheels 12 rotatably connected to the lower part of the frame 11, wherein at least four wheels 12 are provided, and the axes of the at least four wheels 12 are parallel to each other and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame 11; the horizontal radial direction of the wheels 12 is the front-rear direction of the frame 11. The gun barrel 91 has symmetrically arranged rotating shafts 21 on both sides, which are perpendicular to and fixedly connected to it. The rotating shafts 21 are rotatably connected to the front part of the frame 11 around the axis of the rotating shafts 21. The rotating shafts 21 are parallel to the center line of the wheel 12. The frame 11 is also provided with a drive mechanism 22 for driving the rotating shafts 21 to rotate. The drive mechanism 22 is pulsorily connected to the rotating shafts 21. The top of the frame 11 is provided with a ceramic ring limiting plate 31, a nail head limiting plate 32, a push spring 41 and a lifting push rod 5. The nail head limiting plate 32 is spaced below the ceramic ring limiting plate 31; the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 has a vertically penetrating nail rod groove 33, and the nail head limiting plate 32 has an upward-opening nail head groove 34; the center lines of the nail rod groove 33 and the nail head groove 34 are arranged along the front-rear direction of the frame 11, and their center lines coincide on the same horizontal plane; the front end of the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 has an upward-opening upper U-shaped groove 3 that communicates with the nail rod groove 33. 5. The front end of the nail head limiting plate 32 is provided with a lower U-shaped groove 36 with an opening facing forward and connected to the nail head sliding groove 34. The lower U-shaped groove 36 passes through the nail head limiting plate 32 in the vertical direction. The axis of the push spring 41 is arranged in the front-back direction and its rear end is fixedly connected to the frame 11 at the rear end of the nail head limiting plate 32. The front end of the push spring 41 can extend and retract in the front-back direction. The lifting push rod 5 is arranged on the upper side of the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and its lifting end can move up and down reciprocally.

[0032] The shear stud includes an integrally formed stud head 81 and a stud 82. A ceramic ring 83 is fitted onto the end of the stud 82 furthest from the stud head. The width of the stud 82 groove is equal to the outer diameter of the stud 82, and the width of the stud 82 groove is smaller than the outer diameter of the ceramic ring 82 but larger than the inner diameter of the ceramic ring 82. The width of the stud head groove 34 is equal to the outer diameter of the stud head 81. The width of the upper U-shaped groove 35 is required to be greater than the outer diameter of the ceramic ring 83, and the outer diameter of the lower U-shaped groove is required to be greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the stud sleeve 92.

[0033] Before welding shear nails using the equipment of this utility model, multiple shear nails must be sequentially filled into the nail rod groove 33 and the nail head groove 34 through the openings of the upper U-shaped groove 35 and the lower U-shaped groove 36. After the shear nails are assembled and stored in this utility model, the axis of the shear nails is arranged in the vertical direction, and multiple shear nails are arranged in the front-back direction with the nail heads 81 of two close shear nails arranged adjacently. The nail heads 81 of the shear nails are located in the nail head groove 34 and the two slide together axially in the front-back direction. The upper part of the nail rod 82 of the shear nail is located in the nail rod groove 33 and the two slide together axially in the front-back direction. The ceramic ring 83 is located on the upper side of the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and the two slide together in the front-back direction. The telescopic end of the lifting push rod 5 is located at the lower limit position. The foremost shear nail is located behind the telescopic end of the lifting push rod 5 and the two abut against each other in the front-back direction so that the shear nail is assembled in the nail head groove 34. The push spring 41 is in a compressed state and abuts against the rear side wall of the last shear nail. At this time, the stud welding gun 9 is in the welding position, the axis of the gun barrel 91 on the stud welding gun 9 is arranged in the vertical direction, the stud sleeve 92 is located on the lower side of the gun barrel 91, and the pressure plate 94 is located on the lower side of the stud sleeve 92 with the U-shaped groove opening facing forward.

[0034] When welding shear studs onto the steel beam, after the frame 11 of this invention moves to the designated position, the drive mechanism 22 drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate. The rotating shaft 21 causes the entire stud welding gun 9 to swing 180° from bottom to top around the axis of the rotating shaft 21. During this process, the stud sleeve 92 moves from the lower side of the rotating shaft 21, around the front side of the rotating shaft 21, and finally to the mounting position on the upper side of the rotating shaft 21. At this time, the axis of the gun barrel 91 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the stud sleeve... 92 is located on the upper side of the barrel 91, and the pressure plate 94 is located on the upper side of the stud sleeve 92. The stud sleeve 92 is located inside the lower U-shaped groove 36. The end face of the stud sleeve 92 away from the barrel 91 is flush with the bottom wall of the nail head slide groove 34. The pressure plate 94 is located between the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and the nail head limiting plate 32, and the U-shaped groove opening on the pressure plate 94 faces backward. The projection of the U-shaped groove on the pressure plate 94 on the horizontal plane is located inside the projection of the upper U-shaped groove 35 on the same horizontal plane. Subsequently, the lifting end of the lifting push rod 5 moves to its upper limit position, and the front end of the push spring 41 pushes multiple shear nails forward to slide synchronously. When the nail head 81 of the foremost shear nail completely slides out of the nail head groove 34, the nail rod 82 completely slides out of the nail rod groove 33, and the nail rod 82 enters the U-shaped slot on the pressure plate 94, the foremost shear nail and the stud sleeve 92 are arranged coaxially, and the ceramic ring 83 on the foremost shear nail is located above the pressure plate 94. Then, the telescopic end of the lifting push rod 5 presses down and pushes the nail head 81 of the foremost shear nail down into the clamping space of the stud sleeve 92 below it. The stud sleeve 92 clamps the nail head 81 of the shear nail, and the drive mechanism 22 drives the rotating shaft 21 in the opposite direction to reset the stud welding gun 9. At this time, the ceramic ring 82 of the shear nail in the stud sleeve 92 is located on the lower side of the pressure plate 94. Finally, the welding mode of the stud welding gun 9 is activated. While the stud sleeve 92 presses down on the shear nail, it drives the guide rod 93 and the pressure plate 94 to move down synchronously. The pressure plate 94 presses the ceramic ring 83 tightly onto the steel beam. Then, the stud welding gun 9 is energized to weld the shear nail onto the steel beam. After the stud sleeve 92 drives the guide rod 93 and the pressure plate 94 to reset, the above steps are repeated.

[0035] This invention utilizes a combination of a head groove 34 and a rod groove 33 to store multiple shear nails. A horizontal propulsion unit 4, a vertically rotating stud welding torch 9, and a lifting push rod 5 work together to automatically clamp the shear nails onto the stud welding torch 9, thus achieving automatic clamping and welding. A frame 11 with wheels 12 allows the invention to be moved to a designated position on the steel beam to complete the shear nail welding operation. By assembling and storing multiple shear nails in the head groove 34 and rod groove 33 at once, automatic clamping and welding of the shear nails can be completed. This eliminates the need for repeated manual lifting and transferring of the stud welding torch, repeated bending to clamp the shear nails onto the stud welding torch 9, and manual calibration of the welding angle of the stud welding torch 9, saving manpower and improving the welding accuracy of the shear nails.

[0036] The frame 11 is used to integrate and assemble the various components of this device into a single structure. It can be a composite structure assembled or welded from steel materials such as steel pipes, channel steel, and steel plates, or it can be a composite structure assembled from steel plates and aluminum profiles. The wheels 12 are rotatably connected to the frame 11 via rotating shafts. After welding, the shear studs may become obstacles hindering the movement of the wheels 12 during subsequent welding processes. Therefore, it is necessary to manually weld the shear studs again using a handheld welding torch, wasting manpower. Preferably, the assembly also includes a sleeve 13 and a wheel rod 14. The sleeve 13 is fixedly disposed at the lower part of the frame 11, and at least two sleeves 13 are provided, with the at least two sleeves 13 spaced apart in the front-rear direction. The axis of the sleeve 13 is arranged in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the front-rear direction. The wheel 12 is coaxially arranged with the sleeve 13. One end of the wheel rod 14 is inserted into the sleeve 13 and the two are axially slidingly engaged. The other end of the wheel rod 14 is inserted into the center hole of the wheel hub of the wheel 12. A rolling bearing 15 is provided between the center hole of the wheel hub and the wheel rod 14. The wheel 12 and the wheel rod 14 are rotatably connected through the rolling bearing 15. A fastening bolt 16 is also threaded onto the side wall of the sleeve 13. The fastening bolt 16 penetrates the wall of the sleeve 13, and one end of the fastening bolt 16 located inside the sleeve 13 abuts against the wheel rod 14. Tighten the outer screw 16 to disengage it from the wheel rod 14. Then, adjust the length of the wheel rod 14 inserted into the sleeve 13. After adjustment, tighten the inner screw 16 again to press it against the wheel rod 14, securing the wheel rod 14 to the sleeve 13. This allows for adjustment of the distance between the wheels 12 at both ends of the sleeve 13. The distance between the wheels 12 at both ends of the sleeve 13 can be adjusted according to different usage scenarios, making the vehicle more maneuverable and flexible on roads of varying widths. Generally, two sleeves 13 and four wheels 12 are sufficient to meet usage requirements.

[0037] Specifically, the front end of the frame 11 has a welding torch mounting slot 17 with its opening facing forward. The length of the welding torch mounting slot 17 is arranged in the vertical direction and extends through the frame 11 in the vertical direction. Mounting through holes 18 are provided on both sides of the side walls of the welding torch mounting slot 17, and the rotating shaft 21 is rotatably connected within the mounting through holes 18. The rotating shaft 21 is generally clearance-fitted with the mounting through holes 18; the two can be directly rotatably connected, or they can be rotatably connected via bearings.

[0038] The rotating shaft 21 can be directly fixed to the barrel 91 by bolts. However, considering that the barrel 91 is generally covered with a plastic structure, it is preferable to further include a first clamping plate 61 and a second clamping plate 62 arranged in the front-rear direction. The barrel 91 is located between the first clamping plate 61 and the second clamping plate 62. The first clamping plate 61 and the second clamping plate 62 are connected by clamping bolts 63 to clamp the barrel 91. The rotating shaft 21 is fixedly connected to the first clamping plate 61 or the second clamping plate 62. The first clamping plate 61 and the second clamping plate 62 cooperate to clamp and fix the barrel 91. The rotating shaft 21 can be fixedly connected to the first clamping plate 61 or the second clamping plate 62 by welding, bolting, or other methods. By setting the first clamping plate 61 and the second clamping plate 62 as adapters, the rotating shaft 21 is fixedly connected to the barrel 91. To ensure clamping stability, the clamping surfaces of the first clamping plate 61 and the second clamping plate 62 are both arc-shaped clamping surfaces with the same outer diameter as the barrel 91, and the central angle corresponding to the arc-shaped clamping surface is required to be less than 180°.

[0039] The rotating shaft 21 can be a smooth shaft or a stepped shaft. Specifically, the rotating shaft 21 includes a limiting section 211 welded to the first clamping plate 61 or the second clamping plate 62 and a transition section 212 rotatably connected in the mounting through hole 18 of the frame 11. The outer diameter of the limiting section 211 is larger than the outer diameter of the transition section 212. The limiting section 211 and the transition section 212 are integrally formed and arranged axially adjacent to each other. The end of the limiting section 211 near the transition section 212 abuts against the side walls on both sides of the welding torch mounting groove 17. The abutment of the limiting section 211 against the side walls of the welding torch mounting groove 17 positions the stud welding torch 9 axially on the rotating shaft 21.

[0040] The drive mechanism 22 is used to drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate, and it can be a rotary cylinder or a drive motor. To ensure drive stability, the drive mechanism 22 is generally a drive motor. The drive shaft of the drive motor can be connected to the rotating shaft 21 through a chain drive structure such as a sprocket assembly or a synchronous belt assembly, or it can be rotatably connected to any rotating shaft 21 through a coupling 23. The drive motor can be a stepper motor or a servo motor, with a servo motor being preferred to improve the control accuracy and stability of the rotation angle of the stud welding torch 9.

[0041] The nail rod groove 33 and the nail head groove 34 work together to limit the shear nail body in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the front-back direction, so that the shear nail can only slide in the front-back direction. The ceramic ring limiting plate 31 is used to limit the ceramic ring 31 on its upper side, and the nail head limiting plate 32 is used to limit the nail head 81 of the shear nail in the vertical direction. The ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and the nail head limiting plate 32 work together in the vertical direction to position the entire shear nail in the vertical direction, ensuring that the axis of the shear nail in the nail rod groove 33 is always arranged in the vertical direction. The nail rod groove 33 is clearance-fitted with the nail rod 82 of the shear nail, and the nail head groove 34 is clearance-fitted with the nail head of the shear nail. The upper U-shaped groove 35 is used to allow the nail rod 82 of the shear nail to fill into the nail rod groove 33 along its groove opening, and the lower U-shaped groove 36 is used to allow the nail head 81 of the shear nail to fill into the nail head groove 34 along its groove opening. In addition, the width of the upper U-shaped groove 35 should be greater than the outer diameter of the ceramic ring 83 to ensure that the ceramic ring 83 passes through the upper U-shaped groove 35, thereby ensuring that the shear nail is assembled into the stud sleeve 92 of the stud welding gun 9. The lower U-shaped groove 36 is used to limit the stud sleeve 92 when it is in the upper limit position, ensuring that the end face of the stud sleeve 92 near the pressure plate 94 is flush with the nail head slide groove 34 when it is in the upper limit position, so that the shear nail can slide into the clamping space of the stud sleeve 92 under the pushing force of the push spring 41.

[0042] The horizontal propulsion unit 4 is used to advance the shear nails within the nail rod groove 33 and the nail head groove 34. The horizontal propulsion unit 4 can be a telescopic push rod or a spring, or a lead screw assembly driven by a motor, which advances the shear nails via a lead screw nut. The horizontal propulsion unit 4 of this invention includes a propulsion spring 41. During use, the propulsion spring 41 is always in a compressed state, and its telescopic end is always in contact with the shear nail located at the rear end. Compared to other structures, using the propulsion spring 41 as the main component of the horizontal propulsion unit 4 results in a simpler structure and lower costs. The front end of the propulsion spring 41 is the telescopic end, and the rear end of the propulsion spring 41 is the fixed end. Specifically, the frame 11 is provided with a spring cover 42 located behind the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and the nail head limiting plate 32. The upper end of the spring cover 42 has a spring mounting groove 421 with an upward opening and its length arranged along the front-rear direction. The front end of the spring mounting groove 421 has an opening, and the rear end of the spring mounting groove 421 has a spring abutment plate 44. The push spring 41 is located in the spring mounting groove 421 and is clearance-fitted with the spring mounting groove 421. The rear end of the push spring 41 abuts against the spring abutment plate 44, and the front end of the push spring 41 protrudes from the spring cover 42. The spring cover 42 is used to install the push spring 41 and limit the push spring 41 in the horizontal radial direction, preventing the push spring 41 from bending and deforming after compression and preventing the push spring 41 from pinching and injuring the operator during compression, ensuring safety and reliability. The push spring 41 can be replaced and maintained through the opening at the upper end of the spring mounting groove 421. The opening at the front end of the spring mounting groove 421 is used to allow the front end of the push spring 41 to extend along this point and abut against the inter-shear nail.

[0043] The push spring 41 can be disposed between the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and the nail head limiting plate 32, or within the nail rod groove 33 and the nail head groove 34, or on the upper side of the ceramic ring limiting plate 31. One set or multiple sets of push springs 41 can be provided. Preferably, multiple sets of push springs 41 are provided, and these sets are evenly distributed along the vertical direction between the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and the nail head limiting plate 32. By providing multiple sets of push springs 41, the axial force balance of the shear nail is ensured, preventing one end of the shear nail from shifting forward and affecting its positioning accuracy. It also reduces the probability of failure of the horizontal push section 4 due to damage to one set of springs, thus improving the reliability of the horizontal push section 4.

[0044] As a further preferred embodiment, a U-shaped push plate 43 is also included, connected to the front end of the plurality of propulsion springs 41. The U-shaped push plate 43 is located between the ceramic ring limiting plate 31 and the nail head limiting plate 32. The groove on the U-shaped push plate 43 is arranged vertically along its length, and the groove on the U-shaped push plate 43 is adapted to the shape and size of the nail shank 82 of the shear nail. The cross-section of the groove on the U-shaped push plate 43 is an arc structure with a central angle of less than 180°, and the radius of the arc structure is the same as the radius of the nail shank 82 of the shear nail. During the welding of the shear nail, the nail shank 82 of the shear nail located at the last end of the nail head groove 34 is located in the groove on the U-shaped push plate 43, and the sidewall of the nail shank 82 is completely in contact with the groove wall on the U-shaped push plate 43.

[0045] The lifting push rod 5 has two main functions. When the stud sleeve 92 of the stud welding torch 9 is in the welding position, the telescopic end of the lifting push rod 5 is at its lower limit position, blocking the shear nail at the foremost point to prevent it from coming out of the nail rod groove 33 and the nail head groove 34. When the stud sleeve 92 of the stud welding torch 9 is in the nail mounting position, the telescopic end of the lifting push rod 5 first retracts to its upper limit position. After the foremost shear nail slides out of the nail rod groove 33 and the nail head groove 34 under the push of the push spring 41 and is inserted into the U-shaped groove on the pressure plate 94, the telescopic end of the lifting push rod 5 presses down again to press the nail head 81 of the shear nail into the stud sleeve 92. The lifting push rod 5 can be a hydraulic push rod, a pneumatic push rod, or an electric push rod. Preferably, the lifting push rod 5 is a telescopic cylinder; the cylinder body 51 is fixedly mounted on the ceramic ring limiting plate 31, and the lower end of the telescopic rod 52 protrudes downward from the cylinder body 51, with the lower end of the telescopic rod 52 serving as the telescopic end of the lifting push rod 5. Telescopic cylinders are low in cost, simple in structure, and easy to assemble and debug.

[0046] When the lifting push rod 5 presses down on the shear nail, the ceramic ring 83 may slide axially relative to the nail rod 82 or even fall off due to friction from the upper U-shaped groove 35. As a further preferred embodiment, the telescopic rod 52 of the cylinder is coaxially fitted with a transition ring plate 53, a buffer spring 54, and a pressure ring 55. The transition ring plate 53 is spaced apart on the upper side of the lower end face of the telescopic rod 52 and is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod 52. The upper end of the buffer spring 54 is fixedly connected to the transition ring plate 53, and the lower end of the buffer spring 54 is connected to the pressure ring 55. The pressure ring 55 slides axially with the telescopic rod 52. The outer diameter of the pressure ring 55 is larger than the inner diameter of the ceramic ring 83, and the outer diameter of the pressure ring 55 is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the ceramic ring 83. The lower limit position of the pressure ring 55 is located below the lower end face of the telescopic rod 52. When the stud sleeve 92 is in the mounting position and the telescopic rod 52 is in the lower limit position, the pressure ring 55 presses down the ceramic ring 83 so that the ceramic ring 83 abuts against the pressure plate 94. During this process, the buffer spring 54 is compressed and deformed to absorb vibration, so as to avoid the pressure ring 55 and the pressure ceramic ring 83 from rigidly colliding and cracking or crushing the ceramic ring 83 or even deforming the pressure plate 94.

[0047] In the description of this utility model, the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "front," "rear," and "side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figure. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe the positional relationship in the figure are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. An automatic welding device for shear studs in steel beams, comprising a stud welding gun (9), wherein the stud welding gun (9) comprises a gun barrel (91), a stud sleeve (92), a guide rod (93), and a pressure plate (94) that moves axially with the stud sleeve (92); characterized in that: It also includes a frame (11) and wheels (12) rotatably connected to the lower part of the frame (11). There are at least four wheels (12), and the axes of the at least four wheels (12) are parallel to each other and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame (11). The horizontal radial direction of the wheels (12) is the front-rear direction of the frame (11). The gun barrel (91) has symmetrically arranged rotating shafts (21) on both sides, which are perpendicular to and fixedly connected to it. The rotating shafts (21) are rotatably connected to the front part of the frame (11) around the axis of the rotating shafts (21). The rotating shafts (21) are parallel to the center line of the wheel (12). The frame (11) is also provided with a drive mechanism (22) for driving the rotating shafts (21) to rotate. The drive mechanism (22) is connected to the rotating shafts (21) in a transmission manner. The top of the frame (11) is provided with a ceramic ring limiting plate (31), a nail head limiting plate (32), a push spring (41), and a lifting push rod (5); the nail head limiting plates (32) are spaced below the ceramic ring limiting plates (31); the ceramic ring limiting plates (31) are provided with vertically penetrating nail rod grooves (33), and the nail head limiting plates (32) are provided with upward-facing nail head grooves (34); the nail rod grooves (33) and the nail head grooves (34) are... The center lines are arranged along the front and rear directions of the frame (11) and the projections of the center lines of the two coincide on the same horizontal plane; the front end of the ceramic ring limiting plate (31) is provided with an upper U-shaped groove (35) with an opening facing forward and connected to the nail rod slide groove (33); the front end of the nail head limiting plate (32) is provided with a lower U-shaped groove (36) with an opening facing forward and connected to the nail head slide groove (34); the lower U-shaped groove (36) passes through the nail head limiting plate (32) in the vertical direction. The axis of the push spring (41) is arranged in the front-back direction and its rear end is fixedly connected to the frame (11) at the rear end of the nail head limiting plate (32). The front end of the push spring (41) can extend and retract in the front-back direction. The lifting push rod (5) is set on the upper side of the ceramic ring limiting plate (31) and its lifting end can move up and down.

2. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a sleeve (13) and a wheel rod (14). The sleeve (13) is fixedly installed on the lower part of the frame (11) and at least two sleeves are provided. The at least two sleeves (13) are arranged at intervals in the front-back direction. The axis of the sleeve (13) is arranged in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the front-back direction. The wheel (12) and the sleeve (13) are arranged coaxially. One end of the wheel rod (14) is inserted into the sleeve (13) and the two slide in axial direction. The other end of the wheel rod (14) is inserted into the center hole of the wheel hub (11). A rolling bearing (15) is provided between the center hole of the wheel hub and the wheel rod (14). The wheel (12) and the wheel rod (14) are rotatably connected through the rolling bearing (15). A fastening bolt (16) is also threaded on the side wall of the sleeve (13). The fastening bolt (16) penetrates the wall of the sleeve (13). The end of the fastening bolt (16) located inside the sleeve (13) abuts against the wheel rod (14).

3. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The front end of the frame (11) has a welding gun mounting groove (17) with the opening facing forward. The length of the welding gun mounting groove (17) is arranged in the vertical direction and passes through the frame (11) in the vertical direction. The side walls on both sides of the welding gun mounting groove (17) are provided with mounting through holes, and the rotating shaft (21) is rotatably connected in the mounting through holes.

4. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: It also includes a first clamping plate (61) and a second clamping plate (62) arranged in the front-back direction. The gun barrel (91) is located between the first clamping plate (61) and the second clamping plate (62). The first clamping plate (61) and the second clamping plate (62) are connected by bolts to clamp the gun barrel (91). The rotating shaft (21) is fixedly connected to the first clamping plate (61) or the second clamping plate (62).

5. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: The rotating shaft (21) includes a limiting section (211) welded to the first clamping plate (61) or the second clamping plate (62) and a transition section (212) rotatably connected in the mounting through hole of the frame (11). The outer diameter of the limiting section (211) is larger than the outer diameter of the transition section (212). The limiting section (211) and the transition section (212) are integrally formed and arranged axially adjacent to each other. The end of the limiting section (211) near the transition section (212) abuts against the side walls on both sides of the welding gun mounting groove (17).

6. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus of claim 4, wherein: The drive mechanism (22) includes a drive motor, the drive shaft of which is rotatably connected to any of the rotating shafts (21) via a coupling (23).

7. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The propulsion spring (41) is provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of propulsion spring (41) are evenly distributed in the vertical direction between the ceramic ring limiting plate (31) and the nail head limiting plate (32).

8. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a U-shaped push plate (43) connected to the front end of the multiple sets of the push springs (41), the U-shaped push plate (43) being located between the ceramic ring limiting plate (31) and the nail head limiting plate (32); the groove on the U-shaped push plate (43) is arranged along the vertical direction, and the groove on the U-shaped push plate (43) is adapted to the shape and size of the nail rod (82) of the shear nail.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, wherein: The lifting push rod (5) is a telescopic cylinder; the cylinder body (51) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the ceramic ring limiting plate (31), and the lower end of the telescopic rod (52) of the cylinder protrudes downward from the cylinder body (51). The lower end of the telescopic rod (52) of the cylinder is the telescopic end of the lifting push rod (5).

10. The steel beam shear stud automatic welding apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: The cylinder's telescopic rod (52) is coaxially fitted with a transition ring plate (53), a buffer spring (54), and a pressure ring (55). The transition ring plate (53) is spaced apart on the upper side of the lower end face of the telescopic rod (52) and is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod (52). The upper end of the buffer spring (54) is fixedly connected to the transition ring plate (53), and the lower end of the buffer spring (54) is connected to the pressure ring (55). The pressure ring (55) is axially slidingly engaged with the telescopic rod (52). The outer diameter of the pressure ring (55) is larger than the inner diameter of the ceramic ring (83), and the outer diameter of the pressure ring (55) is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the ceramic ring (83). The lower limit position of the pressure ring (55) is located below the lower end face of the telescopic rod (52).

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