Hot end components and 3D printers

Abstract

This utility model discloses a hot-end component and a 3D printer, relating to the field of 3D printing technology. The hot-end component includes: a fixed base; a heating mechanism connected to the fixed base; a heat insulation mechanism including a heat insulation element and a heat insulation column, the heat insulation element including a mounting part and a receiving part, the mounting part being disposed at one end of the fixed base near the heating mechanism and detachably connected to the fixed base, one end of the receiving part being connected to the mounting part, and the other end extending along a first direction; and a heat dissipation mechanism including a connecting part, the connecting part being spaced apart from the receiving part, and the two axial ends of the heat insulation column being detachably connected to the connecting part and the receiving part, respectively. This utility model not only effectively reduces the heat conducted from the heating component to the heat sink, preventing premature melting of consumables and subsequent head blockage, but also offers convenient assembly and disassembly, enabling efficient head-changing printing.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202511105177.2, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on August 6, 2025, entitled "Hot End Component and 3D Printer", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This utility model relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and in particular to a hot-end component and a 3D printer. Background Technology

[0003] In the field of 3D printing technology, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most widely used technologies. Based on digital model files, this technology uses program control to heat thermoplastic materials to a molten state, which are then extruded through a printhead and rapidly solidified, stacking layer by layer in three-dimensional space to form a solid object. The hot-end assembly, as the core component of an FDM 3D printer, directly affects the final print quality due to its performance and reliability.

[0004] In related technologies, the hot-end assembly of an FDM 3D printer typically includes a heat sink, a heating element, a throat, and a nozzle. The heating element heats and melts the filament in the throat before extruding it through the nozzle. The heat sink cools the filament upstream of the throat, preventing it from melting prematurely and clogging the throat due to heat radiation from the heating element. To further prevent heat transfer from the heating element to the upstream of the throat, related technologies often incorporate a thin-walled tube with low thermal conductivity as a thermal barrier upstream and downstream of the throat. However, this approach significantly reduces the overall structural strength of the throat.

[0005] To balance thermal insulation performance and throat structural strength, some related technologies add connecting columns between the radiator and heating components. These columns distribute the mechanical load of the throat, thus improving thermal insulation while ensuring structural strength. However, this approach still has significant drawbacks: First, the excessive number of connectors makes installation cumbersome and prone to errors; second, the small connecting columns have limited mechanical load-bearing capacity; and third, the throat still needs to function as a structural component connecting the heating components or radiator, making disassembly and replacement of the throat and nozzle inconvenient and failing to meet the growing demand for high-efficiency printing in 3D printers. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome at least one of the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a hot-end component and 3D printer that can not only effectively reduce the heat conducted from the heating component to the radiator and prevent the consumables from melting prematurely and causing head blockage, but also be easy to disassemble and assemble and enable efficient head replacement printing.

[0007] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a hot-end assembly and a 3D printer are provided, the hot-end assembly comprising:

[0009] Fixed base;

[0010] The heating mechanism is connected to the fixed base;

[0011] A heat insulation mechanism includes a heat insulation component and a heat insulation column. The heat insulation component includes a mounting part and a receiving part. The mounting part is detachably connected to the fixed base. One end of the receiving part is connected to the mounting part, and the other end extends along a first direction, wherein the first direction is the radial direction of the heat insulation mechanism.

[0012] A heat dissipation mechanism includes a connecting part, which is spaced apart from the receiving part. One axial end of the heat insulation column is detachably connected to the connecting part, and the other axial end of the heat insulation column is detachably connected to the receiving part.

[0013] This invention utilizes a combination of heat-insulating components and heat-insulating columns to form a multi-level heat insulation structure. The spacing between the receiving and connecting parts prevents heat conduction caused by direct contact, while the heat-insulating column, as the sole connecting bridge, can further block heat transfer paths by using materials with low thermal conductivity (such as ceramics or high-temperature resistant materials). This confines the heat generated by the heating mechanism to the working area near the printing nozzle, reducing ineffective diffusion to the heat dissipation mechanism and ensuring that the printing material remains within a stable temperature range in the molten zone. This avoids problems such as filament blockage and uneven filament output caused by temperature fluctuations, thus improving printing accuracy.

[0014] The heat dissipation mechanism and the insulation components form a physical isolation, reducing the interference of heat from the heating end on the heat dissipation components. The space between them creates an air convection channel, which, combined with the heat dissipation mechanism's own heat dissipation design, quickly removes excess heat from the heat dissipation area, preventing heat buildup. This effectively protects heat-sensitive components in the hot-end assembly (such as drive motors, sensors, and plastic connectors) from aging, performance degradation, or damage caused by prolonged high temperatures, thus extending the equipment's lifespan.

[0015] The detachable connection between the mounting section and the fixed base means that the heat insulation component is detachably connected to the fixed base. Similarly, the detachable connections at both ends of the heat insulation column to the connecting section and the receiving section mean that the heat insulation column is detachably connected to both the heat dissipation mechanism and the heat insulation component. Therefore, maintenance does not require complete disassembly of the hot-end assembly. For example, when the heat insulation column ages due to prolonged high temperatures, it can be replaced individually without replacing the entire heat insulation mechanism. If the heat dissipation mechanism malfunctions, the heat dissipation components can be quickly separated and repaired by disassembling the heat insulation column. This design reduces the tools and procedures required for maintenance, lowers the technical requirements for maintenance personnel, and reduces the cost of replacing vulnerable parts (without replacing the entire assembly), thus improving the convenience and economy of equipment maintenance.

[0016] The extended design of the receiving section provides a stable mounting base for the heat insulation column and the heat dissipation mechanism. The axial connection of the heat insulation column can evenly transfer the gravity of the heat dissipation mechanism and the vibration load during operation to the heat insulation component, and then distribute it to the main body of the equipment through the fixing seat. This distributed force structure design reduces the shaking or deformation of the hot end components during high-speed printing, ensures the relative positional accuracy of the nozzle and the printing platform, reduces defects such as printed layer displacement and stringing caused by structural vibration, and improves the overall stability of 3D printing.

[0017] By replacing the insulation columns with different materials (such as different thermal conductivity) or lengths, the insulation efficiency of the hot-end component can be adjusted to adapt to printing materials with different melting points, such as polylactic acid (PLA), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), which have significantly different requirements for temperature control precision. If it is necessary to upgrade the heat dissipation performance, a larger heat dissipation mechanism can be replaced by disassembling the connecting part without modifying the overall structure. This allows the hot-end component to be compatible with various 3D printer models and printing processes, expanding the applicability of the equipment and improving the market adaptability of the product.

[0018] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the heat insulation column includes a first connecting section;

[0019] The receiving part includes a first receiving section, on which a first mounting groove is provided. The opening of the first mounting groove is disposed opposite to the mounting part, and the first mounting groove engages with the first connecting section.

[0020] The first connecting segment of the insulation column and the first mounting groove of the receiving part are engaged with a snap-fit ​​connection. Compared with threaded connections and other methods, this allows for rapid assembly without the need for tools: the operator only needs to align the first connecting segment with the first mounting groove, insert it, and complete the snap-fit ​​to connect the insulation column and the receiving part. This design reduces assembly steps (eliminating the need to tighten bolts, nuts, etc.), shortens the overall assembly time of the hot-end components, and is especially suitable for mass production scenarios, significantly improving production efficiency.

[0021] The first mounting groove is a rigid structure, and its size and shape can precisely match the shape of the first connecting section (such as square, round, etc.). During the snap-fit ​​process, the limiting effect of the groove wall can achieve precise positioning of the heat insulation column and the receiving part, thereby ensuring that the axial and radial positional deviation of the heat insulation column is controlled within a very small range, so that the relative position of the heat insulation column and the receiving part of each piece of equipment remains consistent. The consistency of the heat insulation path can avoid the situation where the contact area between the heat insulation column and the receiving part of some equipment is too large (increasing heat conduction) or too small (affecting structural strength) due to assembly deviations, thus ensuring that the heat insulation performance of all products meets the design standards and improving the consistency of mass production.

[0022] When the hot end of a 3D printer is in operation, the receiving part is close to the heating mechanism and is easily exposed to a high-temperature environment, which may cause the part to expand and contract due to thermal changes. The snap-fit ​​between the first mounting groove and the first connecting section can reserve a small gap compensation amount. The gap compensation amount can be set according to the thermal expansion coefficient of the material, which ensures a tight connection at room temperature and provides buffer space for the expansion of the part at high temperatures, avoiding structural deformation or snap-fit ​​failure caused by thermal stress, and ensuring structural reliability across the entire operating temperature range.

[0023] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the connecting part includes a first connecting part, which is at least partially aligned with the first mounting groove, so that the heat insulation column passes through the first mounting groove and the first connecting part in sequence;

[0024] The heat insulation column includes a second connecting section;

[0025] The first connecting part is engaged with the second connecting segment.

[0026] First, the first connecting part is at least partially aligned with the first mounting groove, which precisely defines the installation path of the heat insulation column in both the axial and radial directions. The first mounting groove provides proximal positioning for the first connecting section of the heat insulation column, while the first connecting part provides distal positioning for the second connecting section, thus creating a coaxiality constraint. This dual positioning structure can control the assembly deviation of the heat insulation column to a very small range, avoiding the relative positional shift between the heat dissipation and heating mechanisms caused by the tilting of the heat insulation column. This ensures the concentricity of the nozzle and the heat dissipation assembly, reduces fluctuations in filament feed resistance caused by structural misalignment during printing, and improves printing accuracy.

[0027] Secondly, the heat insulation column is connected to the first mounting slot via a first connecting section and to the first connecting part via a second connecting section, forming a nearly fixed-ends load-bearing structure. Compared to designs with one fixed end or one fixed end and one loose end, this structure can evenly distribute the weight of the heat dissipation mechanism (such as the weight of components like heat sinks and fans) and the inertial forces during printing motion (such as the impact force generated by high-speed Z-axis movement) to the two end support points of the heat insulation column, avoiding local stress concentration. At the same time, the through-type design makes the heat insulation column itself a rigid structure similar to a support beam, which is not easily bent or deformed when subjected to lateral vibrations (such as the shaking when the print head changes direction quickly), ensuring the structural stability of the hot-end components during high-frequency movement and reducing misalignment of printed layers caused by component shaking.

[0028] In addition, the alignment of the first connecting part and the first mounting groove provides a clear guide path for the installation of the heat insulation column: during assembly, the operator only needs to insert the heat insulation column along the axis formed by the alignment to naturally complete the snap-fit ​​between the first connecting section and the first mounting groove, and between the second connecting section and the first connecting part, without the need to repeatedly adjust the angle or position, thereby reducing the manual calibration steps during assembly and shortening the assembly time.

[0029] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the first connecting portion further includes:

[0030] A first connecting wall panel is provided extending along a first direction;

[0031] The second connecting wall panel extends along the second direction and is connected to the end of the first connecting wall panel away from the mounting part.

[0032] The first connecting wall panel has a second mounting groove at the end away from the mounting part;

[0033] The second connecting wall panel has a third mounting groove at one end near the first connecting wall panel, and the third mounting groove communicates with the second mounting groove to form an inlet / outlet channel;

[0034] The heat insulation column can enter the inlet / outlet channel in the first direction and engage the second connecting section with the second mounting slot.

[0035] First, the inlet and outlet channel is formed by the connection of the second and third mounting slots, and the heat insulation column enters along the first direction, providing a one-way guide path for the assembly of the heat insulation column: the operator only needs to push the heat insulation column into the channel along the first direction, and the second connecting section and the second mounting slot will be naturally aligned and engaged by the limiting effect of the inner wall of the channel, without the need to adjust multiple angles (such as rotation or lateral offset) during the assembly process. This linear assembly path design reduces the requirement for operator proficiency, and even novices can quickly complete the installation; at the same time, the existence of the third mounting slot expands the guiding range of the channel entrance (easier to align than a single slot), reduces jamming caused by small deviations in the insertion angle, and further improves assembly efficiency.

[0036] Secondly, the first connecting wall plate extends along the first direction, and the second connecting wall plate extends along the second direction (the first and second directions are different, such as perpendicular or at an angle), forming an L-shaped support structure. The interconnected design of the second and third mounting slots ensures that the second connecting section of the heat insulation column is simultaneously constrained in two directions after snapping: constrained by the wall of the second mounting slot along the first direction, and further constrained by the wall of the third mounting slot along the second direction. This multi-directional constraint structure, compared to a single-directional snap-fit, can more effectively resist the combined loads during the printing process. For example, the lateral force (first direction) generated when the print head moves at high speed along the X-axis can be absorbed by the wall of the second mounting slot, and the axial force (second direction) along the Z-axis can be absorbed by the wall of the third mounting slot, preventing the heat insulation column from deflecting or loosening under stress and significantly improving connection rigidity.

[0037] Secondly, the combination of the first and second connecting wall panels, along with the connected second and third mounting slots, enables stable support for the heat insulation column within a limited space: the first connecting wall panel extending along the first direction can closely follow the extension path of the receiving part (matching the feature of the receiving part extending along the first direction), reducing axial space occupation; the second connecting wall panel extending along the second direction can laterally expand the support point, avoiding structural redundancy caused by extension in a single direction. This allows the connecting part of the heat dissipation mechanism to fit more compactly with the heat insulation component, reducing the overall volume of the hot end while ensuring structural strength, reserving more space for the high-speed movement of the print head, and reducing the risk of interference during equipment operation.

[0038] Furthermore, when the second connecting section engages with the second mounting slot, since the third mounting slot is connected to the second mounting slot and extends along the second direction, the contact stress at the engagement point can be dispersed laterally through the second connecting wall plate, rather than concentrated on a single wall plate. For example, when the heat insulation column bears the weight of the heat dissipation mechanism, the force transmission path is heat insulation column, second mounting slot, first connecting wall plate and heat insulation column, third mounting slot, and second connecting wall plate, avoiding fatigue deformation (such as cracking or plastic deformation of plastic or metal wall plates) caused by long-term stress concentration in a single wall plate. This stress dispersion design can significantly improve the fatigue resistance of the connection, especially suitable for high-frequency vibration printing scenarios (such as multiple direction changes per second in rapid prototyping), extending the service life of hot-end components.

[0039] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, a first limiting hole extending in a third direction is provided on the first connecting wall panel and / or the second connecting wall panel;

[0040] The hot end assembly also includes a locking member. When the second connecting section is engaged with the second mounting slot, the locking member is inserted into the first limiting hole to prevent the heat insulation column from disengaging from the inlet / outlet channel in the first direction.

[0041] The heat insulation column is initially engaged with the second mounting slot via the second connecting section, and then further secured by a locking element inserted into the first limiting hole, forming a dual constraint structure of engagement and locking. Compared to a single engagement, this design effectively resists the risk of the heat insulation column detaching from the inlet / outlet channel along the first direction under long-term high-frequency vibration (such as the reciprocating impact when the printhead moves at high speed), thermal expansion and contraction cycles, or accidental external forces (such as accidental contact during maintenance). For example, when the printhead moves rapidly along the X-axis, the heat insulation column may be subjected to force along the first direction. The locking element, through insertion in a third direction (different from the first direction, such as the vertical direction), directly blocks the detachment path of the heat insulation column, ensuring that even if the engagement structure becomes slightly loose due to long-term use, the locking element can still maintain connection stability, preventing printing interruptions or equipment damage caused by the heat insulation column falling off.

[0042] The first limiting hole extends along a third direction, forming a spatial angle (such as perpendicular or oblique) with the assembly direction (first direction) of the heat insulation column, so that the constraint direction of the locking member on the heat insulation column is complementary to the force direction of the snap-fit ​​structure. Specifically, the snap-fit ​​between the heat insulation column and the second mounting groove mainly resists the force along the second direction, while the locking member specifically resists the force along the first direction. The two have a clear division of labor, avoiding local stress concentration caused by a single structure bearing a composite load.

[0043] The locking component uses a plug-in connection to engage with the first limiting hole. Compared to threaded connections and other fixing methods, locking or unlocking can be completed without tools: During installation, first push the insulation column into the inlet / outlet channel in the first direction to complete the engagement, then insert the locking component into the first limiting hole; during disassembly, first pull out the locking component, then pull out the insulation column in the opposite direction. The steps are simple and intuitive. This ensures fixing strength without adding too many assembly or maintenance steps, thus not affecting operational efficiency. At the same time, the presence of the locking component provides a clear indication to the operator whether the assembly has been completed correctly. That is, if the locking component cannot be inserted, it means that the insulation column is not fully engaged, which can promptly prevent subsequent failures caused by improper assembly and improve operational safety.

[0044] Furthermore, during 3D printing, the hot-end components are often subjected to complex conditions of temperature and vibration frequency fluctuations. A single snap-fit ​​structure may experience changes in the fit clearance due to differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials, such as loosening at high temperatures. The locking mechanism, through rigid insertion, maintains its position on the heat insulation column even if the snap-fit ​​area experiences slight loosening due to thermal expansion, ensuring its positional stability across the entire temperature range. This prevents changes in the heat conduction path caused by minor displacement of the heat insulation column, ensuring a stable temperature gradient between the heat dissipation mechanism and the heating end, and guaranteeing consistent melting of the printed material.

[0045] As easily observable exposed components, the condition of locking parts directly reflects connection reliability. If a locking part becomes loose, deformed, or detached, operators can quickly identify and replace it, preventing cascading damage caused by hidden faults (such as undetected latching failure). Furthermore, locking parts are low-cost, easily damaged components (compared to insulation columns or connecting panels), and even frequent replacements will not significantly increase maintenance costs. Their protective function can greatly reduce the replacement frequency of core components (such as insulation columns and heat dissipation mechanisms), indirectly improving the equipment's economic efficiency.

[0046] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the heat insulation column further includes an isolation section located between the first connecting section and the second connecting section;

[0047] The radial cross-sectional area of ​​the isolation section is greater than the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting section, and / or the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the isolation section is greater than the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting section.

[0048] The radial cross-sectional area of ​​the isolation section is larger than that of the first and / or second connecting sections, meaning that the isolation section has a larger structural size. From a materials mechanics perspective, a larger cross-sectional area results in a larger flexural section modulus and stronger bending resistance. When the hot-end assembly is operating, the heat insulation column needs to withstand loads such as the gravity of the heat dissipation mechanism and the inertial force of the high-speed movement of the printhead. In particular, the middle isolation section, located between the two connecting points, is a weak point in terms of stress and deformation. By increasing the cross-section of the isolation section, the overall rigidity of the heat insulation column can be significantly improved, reducing bending and lateral deformation under high-frequency vibration or impact loads. This ensures that the heat insulation column maintains structural stability during long-term use and avoids uneven stress or seal failure at the two end joints due to deformation.

[0049] With the same material and length, thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of ​​the component. However, the core function of the insulating section is to optimize the heat transfer path through abrupt changes in cross-section. On the one hand, the insulating section has a larger cross-section. If a material with low thermal conductivity is used, its thermal resistance will be significantly higher than that of the first or second connecting section, effectively blocking direct heat conduction from the first connecting section (near the heating end) to the second connecting section (near the heat dissipation end). On the other hand, when heat enters the large-section insulating section from the narrow-section first connecting section, the heat flow will be dispersed due to the abrupt change in contact area, reducing the heat flux per unit area. This reduces the overall thermal conductivity of the insulating column, further preventing the heat from the heating mechanism from diffusing to the heat dissipation mechanism and ensuring a stable temperature in the working area of ​​the hot end.

[0050] When the first connecting section is engaged with the first mounting slot and the second connecting section is engaged with the second mounting slot, local stress concentration will occur at the engagement points at both ends due to the load. The isolation section forms an intermediate support with a larger cross-sectional size, which can disperse the stress at both ends to the middle area, reduce the local stress on the engagement surfaces of the first connecting section and / or the second connecting section, thereby avoiding material fatigue caused by long-term stress concentration at the engagement points and significantly extending the service life of the thermal insulation column and the connection part.

[0051] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the receiving part further includes a second receiving section, the second receiving section and the first receiving section being symmetrically arranged about the mounting part;

[0052] The connecting part further includes a second connecting part, wherein the first connecting part and the first receiving segment are correspondingly arranged, and the second connecting part and the second receiving segment are correspondingly arranged;

[0053] The heat insulation column includes a first heat insulation column and a second heat insulation column. The first heat insulation column passes through the first connecting part and the first receiving section in sequence, and / or the second heat insulation column passes through the second connecting part and the second connecting section in sequence.

[0054] The first and second insulation columns penetrate the corresponding connecting parts and receiving sections, forming a double-support structure. Compared to the single-support structure of a single insulation column, this significantly improves the overall bending and torsional resistance. From a materials mechanics perspective, the double support distributes the gravity and motion loads of the heat dissipation mechanism to two support points, reducing the load on a single insulation column and greatly minimizing plastic deformation caused by long-term stress. Simultaneously, the symmetrically distributed double insulation columns collectively resist lateral impact forces, reducing local stress concentration and preventing fracture at a single support point due to overload, thereby effectively improving the fatigue life of the hot-end components.

[0055] On the one hand, the heat insulation columns on both sides can evenly block the heat conduction from the heating mechanism to the heat dissipation mechanism, avoiding local overheating caused by insufficient heat insulation on one side (such as the problem of excessive heat dissipation on one side and insufficient heat dissipation on the other side that may occur in a single heat insulation column design); on the other hand, the symmetrical double connection parts (such as heat dissipation fins on both sides) can form a more uniform airflow field, ensuring that the overall temperature of the heat dissipation mechanism is consistent, thereby effectively avoiding carbonization of the filaments caused by excessive temperature on one side or blockage of the filaments caused by excessive temperature on the other side.

[0056] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the heat dissipation mechanism includes:

[0057] A heat dissipation frame is connected to the connecting part;

[0058] A partition layer, wherein the heat dissipation frame is located on one side of the partition layer in a second direction, and the connecting portion is located on the other side of the partition layer in the second direction, wherein the partition layer isolates the heat dissipation frame and the heat insulation mechanism.

[0059] The partition layer isolates the heat dissipation frame from the insulation mechanism in the second direction, forming a third layer of thermal insulation barrier independent of the insulation columns and components. Because the insulation mechanism is close to the heating end, it accumulates a significant amount of heat during operation. If it directly contacts the heat dissipation frame or is too close, heat may diffuse to the frame through air convection, radiation, or structural conduction (such as indirect transfer at joints). The partition layer forms a closed or semi-closed space, which not only reduces the flow of hot air to the heat dissipation frame but also prevents direct contact between the frame and the insulation mechanism, cutting off the solid-state heat transfer path.

[0060] The core function of a heat dissipation frame is to expel heat through components such as fins and fans. If it is affected by heat from the insulation mechanism, its own temperature will rise, leading to a decrease in heat dissipation efficiency. The partition layer isolates the heat dissipation frame, placing it in a low-interference environment. This allows the frame to focus primarily on managing its own heat, ensuring it remains within a highly efficient heat dissipation range and guarantees long-term stable operation. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the heat load, enabling the use of smaller heat dissipation components and lowering material costs and operating energy consumption while maintaining effective heat dissipation.

[0061] In addition, the partition layer's isolation function in the second direction divides the hot-end component into a high-temperature operating area and a low-temperature functional area, achieving a clear zoning of the physical space. This zoning avoids functional interference caused by the spatial overlap of the two types of components: for example, the thermal insulation mechanism may undergo slight deformation due to high temperatures (such as thermal expansion of plastic parts), while moving parts such as fans and motors in the heat dissipation frame require precise installation clearances. The partition layer can prevent the deformation of the thermal insulation mechanism from affecting the moving parts of the heat dissipation frame; conversely, the airflow from the heat dissipation frame's fan will not directly impact the thermal insulation mechanism (which could disrupt the temperature field at the heating end), but will instead dissipate heat directionally through pre-designed channels. This reduces mutual interference between components and improves the overall functional stability of the hot-end component.

[0062] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the connecting part includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, wherein the first connecting part and the second connecting part are symmetrically arranged about the mounting part;

[0063] The heat insulation column includes a first heat insulation column and a second heat insulation column, wherein the first heat insulation column is disposed on the first connecting part and the second heat insulation column is disposed on the second connecting part;

[0064] There is a space between the partition layer and the thermal insulation component;

[0065] At least a portion of the first and second heat-insulating columns are located within the accommodating space.

[0066] The symmetrical distribution ensures that the load on the first and second insulation columns is evenly distributed, avoiding tilting or deformation caused by unilateral overload; while the accommodating space, through the boundary between the partition layer and the insulation component, can form radial and axial limits on the insulation columns, constraining their displacement.

[0067] Furthermore, the containment space is a closed or semi-closed cavity, which can form synergistic insulation with the insulation performance of the insulation columns themselves: the insulation columns block the solid heat conduction path, while the air layer in the containment space blocks air convection and radiation heat transfer. Especially when the first and second insulation columns are partially located in this space, their surfaces are in contact with the air layer. Heat must first be conducted from the insulation columns to the air, and then transferred through the air to the partition layer or insulation component, significantly increasing thermal resistance. This minimizes the amount of heat transferred from the heating mechanism to the heat dissipation frame, ensuring stable temperature on the heat dissipation side and avoiding the impact of high temperatures on components such as the drive motor and sensors.

[0068] During hot-end operation, a significant temperature difference exists between the insulation component and the partition layer, resulting in different amounts of thermal expansion. The presence of the containment space provides a buffer margin for this expansion difference, preventing the insulation component and partition layer from directly contacting or being compressed due to thermal expansion. Simultaneously, the insulation column located within the containment space can compensate for the expansion difference through its own minor deformation, avoiding structural deformations such as cracking at the connection point or breakage of the insulation column due to rigid interference. This ensures that the hot-end assembly maintains structural integrity across the entire operating temperature range of -10℃ to 300℃, significantly improving reliability in high and low temperature environments.

[0069] The space-saving design eliminates the need for the heat insulation columns to extend beyond their required length, reducing their overall size, material usage, and thus costs. Simultaneously, the symmetrical layout allows the first and second heat insulation columns to use the same specifications, reducing the number of components, mold development and inventory costs, assembly complexity, and maintenance time. Furthermore, the lightweight heat insulation column design reduces the overall weight of the printhead, lowering the load on the drive motor and indirectly achieving energy savings and extending motor life.

[0070] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the foregoing solution, the hot end assembly further includes a throat unit, the throat unit including a fixedly connected throat and a nozzle;

[0071] The fixed base includes a base portion, and the base portion extends along the second direction and is provided with a sleeve portion, and the heating mechanism is sleeved on the sleeve portion;

[0072] The heat insulation mechanism, the heat dissipation mechanism, and the fixing seat together define a throat channel extending through the second direction, and the throat unit passes through the throat channel;

[0073] The nozzle is detachably connected to the base.

[0074] In traditional separate designs, gaps or concentricity deviations in the connection between the throat and nozzle can cause sudden changes in frictional resistance at the transition point, or even jamming and clogging of the filament. A fixed connection, however, ensures that the axes of both are aligned, resulting in a smooth and continuous transition of the filament from the throat to the nozzle, and uniform and stable feed resistance. This is particularly suitable for printing flexible materials (such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)) or high-viscosity materials (such as PEEK), effectively avoiding filament breakage and material accumulation problems caused by channel discontinuity, and improving filament output stability.

[0075] The heating mechanism is fitted onto the sleeve section, allowing for uniform heat transfer to the sleeve section through large-area contact. Heat is then conducted through the sleeve section to the internal throat unit, forming an efficient heating path of external heating and internal conduction. This ensures that the filament within the throat is heated uniformly in the circumference, preventing material carbonization due to localized overheating or incomplete melting due to underheating. Simultaneously, the sleeve section acts as a heat buffer layer, effectively reducing temperature fluctuations in the heating mechanism and providing a stable preheating environment for the filament, which is particularly beneficial for improving the interlayer bonding strength in multi-layer printing.

[0076] The heat insulation mechanism, heat dissipation mechanism, and mounting base together define the throat channel extending and running along the second direction, making the installation path of the throat unit straight and continuous. This not only maximizes space utilization, allowing the throat channel to be arranged along the central axis of the hot-end assembly, reducing radial dimensions and adapting to miniaturized printhead designs; it also minimizes the filament feed path, reducing frictional loss between the filament and the channel wall; and it enables precise assembly positioning. That is, the boundaries of the channel, such as the inner walls of the heat insulation and heat dissipation mechanisms, provide axial and radial limits for the throat unit, ensuring its relative position with the nozzle and heating mechanism is fixed, avoiding a decrease in heating efficiency or filament deviation due to assembly deviations.

[0077] The detachable connection between the nozzle and the base allows for quick replacement of nozzles of different sizes to meet varying printing precision and material requirements without replacing the entire hot-end assembly, significantly improving the equipment's versatility. Furthermore, when nozzles become clogged, worn, or carbonized, operators can individually disassemble them for cleaning or replacement, minimizing maintenance downtime.

[0078] The throat channel is formed by a heat insulation mechanism, a heat dissipation mechanism, and a fixing base, creating a multi-segment structure: the fixing base sleeve near the heating end enhances heat concentration, the middle heat insulation mechanism blocks heat diffusion to the heat dissipation end, and the heat dissipation mechanism quickly removes excess heat from the vicinity of the channel. This creates a stable temperature gradient within the throat channel, ensuring that the filament melts fully at the nozzle while preventing premature softening of the filament in the upper section of the throat. Simultaneously, the channel's enclosed nature reduces interference from external airflow on the internal temperature field, improving temperature control accuracy and further ensuring consistent print quality.

[0079] During assembly, the entire throat unit is simply inserted into the channel and the nozzle is secured, eliminating the need for separate calibration of the throat, nozzle, heating mechanism, etc., thus reducing the accumulation of errors from assembling multiple components. This modular design not only improves the efficiency of mass production but also reduces the skill requirements for operators, making subsequent replacements and upgrades simpler and indirectly reducing production and maintenance costs.

[0080] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the aforementioned solution, a snap-fit ​​groove is provided on the base portion. The snap-fit ​​groove includes a first snap-fit ​​groove opened along the axial direction of the base portion and a second snap-fit ​​groove opened along the circumferential direction of the base portion. The first snap-fit ​​groove and the second snap-fit ​​groove are connected to form the snap-fit ​​groove.

[0081] The nozzle has a locking post that protrudes radially from the nozzle. The locking post can enter the first locking groove along the axial direction of the base portion, and rotate circumferentially along the base portion to enter the second locking groove at the position where the first locking groove and the second locking groove are connected.

[0082] Compared to traditional threaded connections, the snap-fit ​​pin enters the first slot axially and then rotates circumferentially into the second slot, shortening the assembly time between the nozzle and the base. Operators simply align the snap-fit ​​pin with the first slot, push it in axially, and then rotate it a certain angle to secure it, eliminating the need for tools or precise control of the number of rotations. If the snap-fit ​​pin does not enter the first slot correctly axially, circumferential rotation is impossible, providing a clear indication of assembly error and preventing nozzle misalignment due to installation direction deviations, significantly reducing assembly error rates in mass production.

[0083] When the nozzle is working, it must withstand the axial reaction force of the filament feed and the vibration load of the printhead movement. Traditional snap-fit ​​mechanisms with a single axial limit are prone to loosening due to long-term stress. In this invention, after the snap-fit ​​post enters the second slot, the circumferential slot wall forms a dual constraint on the snap-fit ​​post, consisting of radial wrapping and axial stopping. After circumferential rotation, the snap-fit ​​post is restricted from axial displacement by the end wall of the second slot, preventing it from detaching axially along the base. At the same time, the radial limit of the slot wall resists the lateral shaking of the nozzle. This effectively improves the pull-out resistance of the connection part, maintaining the relative position stability between the nozzle and the base even under high-frequency vibration environments, and preventing filament delivery position deviation due to loosening.

[0084] After the snap-fit ​​post enters the second slot, its outer peripheral wall fits tightly against the slot wall, providing precise radial positioning through the nozzle. This ensures that the nozzle and the sleeve axis of the base are highly aligned, preventing filament feed path deviation caused by eccentricity. Simultaneously, the consistent axial positioning ensures a constant distance between the nozzle and the heating mechanism, guaranteeing a stable molten state of the filament at the nozzle exit and reducing printing defects such as filament pulling and leakage caused by positioning deviations.

[0085] When the nozzle needs to be replaced due to clogging or wear, simply rotate the nozzle in the reverse direction to retract the retaining pin from the second slot back into the first slot, and then pull it out axially to complete the disassembly. This not only reduces maintenance time but also avoids damage to the base or nozzle caused by forced disassembly. For scenarios involving frequent nozzle changes, such as multi-material printing, this significantly reduces operational difficulty and improves the user experience.

[0086] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the aforementioned scheme, the heating mechanism includes an annular heating body, which is limited and fixed between the base portion and the heat insulation mechanism, and one axial end of the annular heating body abuts against the heat insulation mechanism, while the other axial end of the annular heating body abuts against the base portion.

[0087] The annular heating element is designed to wrap around the outer periphery of the sleeve, forming a circumferentially enveloping heating area. Compared to traditional block heating elements, the annular structure can evenly transfer heat to the sleeve through a continuous circumferential contact surface, ensuring uniform heating of the throat unit inside the sleeve. This not only avoids hot spots (such as premature carbonization of the filament due to excessively high temperature on one side) or cold spots (such as incomplete melting of the filament due to insufficient temperature on one side) caused by localized heating, but also ensures that the filament softens synchronously along the circumference within the throat and is evenly extruded at the nozzle, significantly reducing printing layer thickness deviations caused by uneven heating.

[0088] The annular heating element is fixed between the base and the heat insulation mechanism, with its two axial ends abutting against each other to form a clamping and fixing structure without fasteners. Compared with the traditional method of fixing with bolts and clips, this design eliminates the need for additional fixing parts, simplifying the overall structure of the hot-end assembly and reducing assembly complexity. At the same time, the rigid clamping force of the base and the heat insulation mechanism ensures that the annular heating element has no loosening space in either the axial or radial direction, avoiding displacement of the heating area due to heating element displacement and ensuring long-term operational stability.

[0089] In some exemplary embodiments of this utility model, based on the aforementioned scheme, the melting point of the heat insulation component is higher than the melting point of the heat insulation column; the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation column is lower than the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation component.

[0090] The heat insulation component is directly adjacent to the heating mechanism. Its high melting point ensures that it will not soften, deform, or melt under long-term high-temperature conditions, thus ensuring the stability of the support structure for the fixing base and the receiving part. Meanwhile, the area where the heat insulation column is located has a lower temperature, allowing for a lower melting point. This satisfies its own operating temperature requirements while avoiding increased material costs due to excessive pursuit of high melting points. This enables the hot-end assembly to stably adapt to a full range of printing materials, from PLA (190℃) to PEEK (350℃), especially ensuring structural integrity during high-temperature printing.

[0091] The thermal insulation component, located near the heating mechanism, needs to provide some structural support. Its slightly higher thermal conductivity allows a small amount of heat to pass through, preventing excessive local heat accumulation and resulting thermal stress. Simultaneously, its structure disperses heat. The thermal insulation column, as the core insulation link connecting the receiving part and the heat dissipation mechanism, has an even lower thermal conductivity, maximizing the prevention of heat transfer to the heat dissipation end and preventing the heat dissipation mechanism from absorbing too much heat and reducing its efficiency. This prevents heat accumulation at the heating end and also prevents heat leakage, resulting in a more reasonable temperature gradient at the heating end.

[0092] High-melting-point materials (such as ceramics and high-temperature alloys) are typically expensive and difficult to process, while low-thermal-conductivity materials (such as aerogels and foamed ceramics) may have limitations in structural strength or high-temperature resistance. Thermal insulation components only need to maintain structural stability in high-temperature regions; therefore, focusing on high-melting-point characteristics, materials with high strength but moderate thermal conductivity (such as alumina ceramics) can be selected to meet support requirements. Thermal insulation columns do not need to withstand extreme high temperatures, but must prioritize thermal insulation performance; therefore, low-thermal-conductivity materials (such as silica aerogel composites) are chosen. Even if their melting point is slightly lower (but higher than their own operating temperature), it does not affect their use, and the cost is lower. This division of labor allows hot-end components to meet core performance standards (high-temperature stability, thermal insulation efficiency) while reducing the overall material cost.

[0093] When the heating mechanism is working, heat transfer to the insulation component causes thermal expansion. The high melting point of the insulation component allows it to maintain rigidity during expansion, preventing uncontrolled deformation due to softening. Simultaneously, the low thermal conductivity of the insulation column reduces heat transfer to the heat dissipation mechanism, resulting in smaller temperature changes on the heat dissipation side and a much lower thermal expansion than the insulation component. This difference in expansion is absorbed by structural gaps (such as buffer spaces reserved in snap-fit ​​joints). This avoids additional stress (such as tension and compression) caused by material thermal expansion mismatch, reduces fatigue damage (such as cracks and loosening) at the connection between the insulation component and the insulation column, and extends the service life of the hot-end components.

[0094] The slightly higher thermal conductivity of the insulation component accelerates the heat transfer from the heating mechanism to the sleeve, shortening the preheating time at the hot end and improving print preparation efficiency. Conversely, the low thermal conductivity of the insulation column slows the heat transfer to the heat dissipation mechanism, preventing temperature fluctuations caused by instantaneous heat absorption (such as temperature shocks before fan startup) and ensuring stable temperature at the heat dissipation end. This is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring frequent start-stop or material switching, reducing printing defects caused by lag in temperature response.

[0095] In case of abnormal operating conditions, such as uncontrolled heating mechanism leading to excessively high local temperatures, the high melting point of the insulation component provides a safety redundancy. Even if the temperature briefly exceeds the design value, the insulation component can maintain structural stability, preventing hot-end disintegration due to its own melting. Although the insulation column has a lower melting point, its actual temperature rise is limited due to its distance from the heat source and the thermal resistance of the insulation component, and it will not easily reach the melting point. This design provides additional safety for the hot-end components, reducing the risk of equipment damage due to temperature control failure.

[0096] According to another aspect of the present invention, a 3D printer is provided, the 3D printer including the hot end assembly as described above.

[0097] The 3D printer provided in this embodiment of the present invention has the same beneficial effects as the hot end component provided in the above embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0098] In addition to the technical problems solved by the embodiments of the present invention, the technical features constituting the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by the technical features of these technical solutions described above, other technical problems that can be solved by the hot end components and 3D printers provided by the embodiments of the present invention, other technical features included in the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by these technical features will be further explained in detail in the specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0099] The above and other features and advantages of this invention will become more apparent from a detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0100] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the hot-end component of this utility model;

[0101] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the hot-end component of this utility model;

[0102] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a throatless unit according to one embodiment of the hot-end component of this utility model;

[0103] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the heat insulation component in the hot end assembly of this utility model;

[0104] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Top view;

[0105] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the heat insulation column in the hot end component of this utility model;

[0106] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The main view;

[0107] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the heat dissipation mechanism in the hot end component of this utility model;

[0108] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 The main view;

[0109] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of one embodiment of the fixing seat in the hot end assembly of this utility model;

[0110] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of one embodiment of the heating mechanism in the hot end assembly of this utility model.

[0111] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0112] 1. Fixing base; 11. Base portion; 111. Snap-fit ​​groove; 1111. First snap-fit ​​groove; 1112. Second snap-fit ​​groove; 112. Sensor mounting groove; 12. Sleeve portion; 2. Heating mechanism; 21. Annular heating element; 3. Heat insulation mechanism; 31. Heat insulation component; 311. Mounting portion; 312. Receiving portion; 3121. First receiving section; 31211. First mounting groove; 3122. Second receiving section; 31221. Fourth mounting groove; 32. Heat insulation column; 321. First heat insulation column; 322. Second heat insulation column; 323. 324. First connecting section; 325. Second connecting section; 326. Isolation section; 4. Heat dissipation mechanism; 41. Connecting part; 411. First connecting part; 4111. First connecting wall plate; 41111. Second mounting groove; 4112. Second connecting wall plate; 41121. Third mounting groove; 4113. First limiting hole; 412. Second connecting part; 42. Heat dissipation frame; 43. Separating layer; 44. Accommodation space; 5. Throat unit; 51. Throat; 52. Nozzle; X, First direction; Z, Second direction; Y, Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0113] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0114] The features, structures, or characteristics described above can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, and the features discussed in the various embodiments are interchangeable where possible. In the above description, numerous specific details are provided to give a full understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of the present invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details described, or other methods, components, materials, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of the present invention.

[0115] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this invention to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the icon's arrangement is flipped so that it is upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down". Other relative terms such as "high", "low", "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "left", and "right" also have similar meanings. When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0116] In this utility model, the terms "a", "an", "the", "the", and "at least one" are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "comprising", "including", and "having" are used to indicate an open-ended meaning of inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

[0117] The various parts of the hot-end assembly provided in the embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0118] This utility model provides a hot-end component for a 3D printer. The 3D printer can be a fused deposition modeling (FDM) type 3D printer, such as a desktop FDM 3D printer, an industrial FDM 3D printer, a high-temperature special material FDM printer, a multi-material FDM printer, etc. This utility model does not impose any specific limitations.

[0119] In some implementations, reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the hot end assembly can be designed to include a mounting base 1, a heating mechanism 2, a heat insulation mechanism 3, and a heat dissipation mechanism 4.

[0120] Among them, the heat insulation mechanism 3 includes heat insulation component 31 and heat insulation column 32.

[0121] Considering the progressive thermal insulation requirements of the insulation component 31 and the insulation column 32, that is, the insulation component 31 is closer to the heating mechanism 2 and is in a higher temperature environment, so it is necessary to prioritize the structural stability at high temperatures. The insulation column 32 is located in the downstream path of heat transfer, so it is necessary to focus on strengthening its thermal resistance to reduce the diffusion of heat to the heat dissipation end. Therefore, the melting point of the insulation component 31 can be designed to be higher than that of the insulation column 32, and the thermal conductivity of the insulation column 32 can be lower than that of the insulation component 31. By matching the performance differences, a stepped thermal resistance is formed, which improves the overall thermal insulation effect while ensuring structural stability.

[0122] For example, the heat insulation component 31 can be made of alumina ceramic (melting point about 2050℃) or 304 stainless steel, and is set near the heating mechanism 2 to directly withstand the working temperature of 200-350℃. It maintains structural stability with its high melting point, and its moderate thermal conductivity (about 30W / (m·K)) can disperse local heat and prevent the heating area from overheating.

[0123] The heat insulation column 32 can be made of 30% glass fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite material (melting point approximately 343℃), connecting the heat dissipation mechanism 4 and the receiving part 312. Its thermal conductivity is only about 0.25W / (m·K), far lower than that of the heat insulation component 31, effectively blocking heat transfer to the heat dissipation end. Furthermore, because the temperature in the area is low (typically ≤150℃), its melting point is sufficient to meet the usage requirements, eliminating the need for excessive high-temperature resistance. For different printing environments and temperatures, the heat insulation component and heat insulation column can also be matched with other materials according to the actual situation.

[0124] In addition, considering that the thermal insulation component 31 must simultaneously meet the requirements of thermal insulation performance, structural support strength, and assembly compatibility with the fixing base 1 and the heating mechanism 2, [reference needed]. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the heat insulation component 31 can be designed to include a mounting part 311 and a receiving part 312. The mounting part 311 is disposed at one end of the fixed base 1 near the heating mechanism 2 and is detachably connected to the fixed base 1. One end of the receiving part 312 is connected to the mounting part 311, and the other end extends along the first direction X.

[0125] Here, for reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first direction X refers to the radial direction of the heat insulation mechanism (the width extension direction of the hot end assembly), which is also the radial extension direction of the mounting part 311.

[0126] In some embodiments, the heat insulation column 32 can be a completely cylindrical structure. However, considering the connection stability, positioning accuracy, and ease of assembly between the heat insulation column 32 and the heat insulation component 31 (avoiding the cumbersome nature of threaded connections or the difficulty of disassembly and assembly due to interference fits), refer to... Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the heat insulation column 32 can be designed to include a first connecting section 323; the receiving part 312 includes a first receiving section 3121, and a first mounting groove 31211 is provided on the first receiving section 3121. The groove opening of the first mounting groove 31211 is set away from the mounting part 311, and the first mounting groove 31211 engages with the first connecting section 323.

[0127] Specifically, the opening of the first mounting groove 31211 faces away from the mounting portion 311, and the first connecting section 323 is a columnar structure of the heat insulation column 32 near the receiving portion 312, with its outer diameter slightly smaller than other parts of the heat insulation column 32, forming a stepped transition. Furthermore, the first mounting groove 31211 can also be designed as an inwardly recessed groove at the end of the first receiving section 3121, with the groove depth matching the radial dimension (e.g., diameter) of the first connecting section 323, and the inner diameter of the first mounting groove 31211 and the outer diameter of the first connecting section 323 forming a transition fit. When the first connecting section 323 is inserted into the first mounting groove 31211, the first mounting groove 31211 provides reliable radial restraint for the first connecting section 323, while the stepped transition surface fits against the end face of the groove opening of the first mounting groove 31211, achieving axial positioning of the heat insulation column 32.

[0128] This invention does not specifically limit the connection method between the heat insulation column 32 and the heat dissipation mechanism 4. For example, in some embodiments, the heat insulation column 32 and the heat dissipation mechanism 4 can be detachably connected, such as by bolt connection, snap-fit ​​connection, pin connection, or plug-in connection with locking element. In other embodiments, the heat insulation column 32 and the heat dissipation mechanism 4 can also be non-detachably connected, such as by high-temperature bonding, integral molding, or press-fitting.

[0129] In this embodiment of the utility model, considering that the connection between the heat insulation column 32 and the heat dissipation mechanism 4 needs to simultaneously ensure structural stability, axial positioning accuracy, and heat insulation continuity, it is necessary to avoid loosening or displacement of the heat insulation column 32 under long-term high-temperature environment or equipment vibration due to the heat insulation column 32 having only a single connection point, thereby affecting the overall heat insulation efficiency and operational stability of the hot-end component. Therefore, in some embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the connecting part 41 can also be designed to include a first connecting part 411, which is at least partially aligned with the first mounting groove 31211 so that the heat insulation column 32 passes through the first mounting groove 31211 and the first connecting part 411 in sequence; the heat insulation column 32 includes a second connecting section 324; the first connecting part 411 and the second connecting section 324 are engaged.

[0130] Specifically, the first connecting portion 411 is located on the side wall of the heat dissipation mechanism 4, extending in a direction close to the receiving portion 312, and an assembly gap is reserved between its end and the outer wall of the receiving portion 312. The first mounting groove 31211 is formed on the side wall of the receiving portion 312 facing the first connecting portion 411, and is a U-shaped groove penetrating the receiving portion 312 in the second direction Z. The U-shaped groove extends in the first direction X and its opening faces away from the mounting portion 311, and the groove diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the first connecting section 323 of the heat insulation column 32.

[0131] However, considering that insufficient guiding accuracy during assembly of the insulation column 32 along the first direction X may lead to misalignment of the snap-fit, and that the snap-fit ​​structure of a single wall panel is difficult to withstand multi-directional loads (such as lateral forces generated by equipment vibration and axial forces caused by thermal expansion and contraction), the snap-fit ​​is prone to loosening after long-term use, thus affecting the stability of the fit between the insulation column 32 and the connecting part 41; at the same time, if the structure of the connecting part 41 is too bulky, it will also occupy the limited installation space of the hot end component, which is not conducive to the overall miniaturization design. Therefore, referring to Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the first connecting part 411 can also be designed to include a first connecting wall plate 4111 and a second connecting wall plate 4112. The first connecting wall plate 4111 extends along the first direction X; the second connecting wall plate 4112 extends along the second direction Z and is connected to the end of the first connecting wall plate 4111 away from the mounting part 311; a third mounting groove 41121 is provided at the end of the second connecting wall plate 4112 near the first connecting wall plate 4111. The third mounting groove 41121 communicates with the second mounting groove 41111 to form an inlet and outlet channel. The heat insulation column 32 can enter the inlet and outlet channel along the first direction X and engage the second connecting section 324 with the second mounting groove 41111.

[0132] The first connecting wall plate 4111 can be designed to be integrally formed with the main wall plate of the heat dissipation mechanism 4, or it can be designed to be fixedly connected to the main wall plate of the heat dissipation mechanism 4. This utility model does not impose specific limitations. The second direction Z and the first direction X can intersect or be perpendicular to each other. This utility model also does not impose specific limitations. In this embodiment of the utility model, the second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X, that is, the second direction Z is the core axis of the hot end component, that is, the direction of the line connecting the fixed seat 1 and the heat dissipation mechanism 4, which is the main path direction of the consumable material entering the hot end from the feeding mechanism and finally being extruded from the nozzle 52 during 3D printing.

[0133] This invention does not specifically limit the shapes of the second mounting groove 41111 and the third mounting groove 41121. The shapes of the second mounting groove 41111 and the third mounting groove 41121 can be designed according to the shape of the second connecting section 324, so that the second connecting section 324 of the heat insulation column 32 can be installed and / or disassembled through the inlet and outlet channel formed by the second mounting groove 41111 and the third mounting groove 41121. In some embodiments, the width of the third mounting groove 41121 can be designed to be slightly larger than the diameter of the second connecting section 324 of the heat insulation column 32, and one end of the third mounting groove 41121 is connected to one end of the second mounting groove 41111, forming an L-shaped inlet and outlet channel.

[0134] Based on this, considering that the snap-fit ​​between the second connecting section 324 and the second mounting groove 41111 may still result in slight displacement along the first direction X under extreme conditions (such as severe equipment vibration or long-term thermal expansion and contraction cycles), and even poses a risk of accidental detachment from the access channel, and that the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324 of the heat insulation column 32 have small cross-sectional dimensions and are prone to bending deformation under radial loads, affecting the overall structural rigidity, therefore, in some embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 1 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the first connecting wall panel 4111 and / or the second connecting wall panel 4112 can be further designed to have a first limiting hole 4113 extending in the third direction Y; the hot end assembly also includes a locking member, which is inserted into the first limiting hole 4113 when the second connecting section 324 is engaged with the second mounting groove 41111, so as to restrict the heat insulation column 32 from disengaging from the inlet and outlet channel in the first direction X.

[0135] refer to Figure 1 As shown, the third direction Y can be a direction that is perpendicular to both the first direction X and the second direction Z. The three directions are orthogonal to each other in the common space and correspond to different spatial dimensions in the three-dimensional coordinate system they form.

[0136] The locking component can be a locking bolt, pin, nail, or positioning block, as long as it can be inserted into the first limiting hole 4113. This utility model does not impose any specific limitations.

[0137] In addition, in some implementations, references Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the insulation column 32 can also be designed to include an isolation section 325 located between the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324; the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the isolation section 325 is greater than the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting section 323, and / or, the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the isolation section 325 is greater than the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting section 324 near the isolation section 325.

[0138] In other words, the insulating section 325 of the heat insulation column 32 is integrally formed between the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324. Its radial cross-sectional shape is consistent with that of the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324, such as being circular or polygonal. However, the cross-sectional area is enlarged in a stepped manner. That is, the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the insulating section 325 is greater than that of the first connecting section 323, or greater than that of the second connecting section 324 on the side closer to the insulating section 325, or greater than both at the same time, forming a stepped structure that is wide in the middle and narrow at both ends.

[0139] In addition, the transition between the isolation section 325 and the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324 can be designed with a smooth transition, such as setting rounded corners or bevels, to avoid stress concentration caused by right-angle connections, ensure the mechanical stability of the overall structure of the heat insulation column 32, effectively disperse stress when subjected to radial loads, and reduce the risk of deformation of the connecting sections at both ends.

[0140] The isolation section 325 can be integrally formed with the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324 using the same low thermal conductivity material, or it can be formed separately with a material with better thermal insulation performance and then connected to both ends. Through the differentiated design of cross-sectional dimensions, the thermal resistance between the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324 is further enhanced, and heat transfer is reduced.

[0141] In other embodiments, reference is made to Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the receiving part 312 can also be designed to include a second receiving section 3122, which is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first receiving section 3121 about the mounting part 311; the connecting part 41 also includes a second connecting part 412, which is correspondingly arranged with the first connecting part 411 and the first receiving section 3121, and the second connecting part 412 and the second receiving section 3122 are correspondingly arranged; the heat insulation column 32 includes a first heat insulation column 321 and a second heat insulation column 322, which sequentially passes through the first connecting part 411 and the first receiving section 3121, and / or the second heat insulation column 322 sequentially passes through the second connecting part 412 and the second connecting section 324.

[0142] Specifically, the first receiving section 3121 and the second receiving section 3122 are located on both sides of the mounting part 311 and are distributed in a mirror symmetrical manner. That is, the first receiving section 3121 extends outward from one side of the mounting part 311, and the second receiving section 3122 extends outward from the other side of the mounting part 311. The two have the same shape and size, only their extension directions are opposite.

[0143] The first receiving section 3121 has a first mounting groove 31211 on its wall facing the first connecting part 411, and the second receiving section 3122 has a corresponding fourth mounting groove 31221 on its wall facing the second connecting part 412. The first mounting groove 31211 and the fourth mounting groove 31221 have the same structure (e.g., both are U-shaped grooves with openings facing away from the mounting part 311, penetrating the receiving part 312 along the second direction Z), and are symmetrical about the central axis of the mounting part 311.

[0144] The first connecting part 411 and the second connecting part 412 of the connecting part 41 are also symmetrically arranged about the mounting part 311: the first connecting part 411 is connected to the side of the heat dissipation mechanism 4 near the first receiving section 3121, and its structure (including the first connecting wall plate 4111, the second connecting wall plate 4112, and the second mounting groove 41111 and the third mounting groove 41121) is adapted to the position of the first receiving section 3121; the second connecting part 412 is connected to the side of the heat dissipation mechanism 4 near the second receiving section 3122, and its structure is the same as that of the first connecting part 411, only the distribution position is opposite, and the fifth mounting groove and the sixth mounting groove on the second connecting part 412 are respectively aligned with the fourth mounting groove 31221 of the second receiving section 3122, forming an inlet and outlet channel symmetrical to the first connecting part 411.

[0145] The first heat insulation column 321 and the second heat insulation column 322 are symmetrical components with the same structure, each including a first connecting section 323, an isolation section 325, and a second connecting section 324. During assembly, the first heat insulation column 321 passes through the first mounting groove 31211 of the first receiving section 3121 and the inlet / outlet channel of the first connecting part 411 along the first direction X. Its first connecting section 323 mates with the first mounting groove 31211, and its second connecting section 324 engages with the second mounting groove 41111 of the first connecting part 411. The second heat insulation column 322 passes through the fourth mounting groove 31221 of the second receiving section 3122 and the inlet / outlet channel of the second connecting part 412 along the first direction X. Its first connecting section 323 mates with the fourth mounting groove 31221, and its second connecting section 324 engages with the fifth mounting groove of the second connecting part 412.

[0146] When only one-sided support is required, only the first heat insulation column 321 or the second heat insulation column 322 can be installed; when double-sided reinforced support is required, the first heat insulation column 321 and the second heat insulation column 322 can be installed at the same time. Through the symmetrically distributed double connection structure, the force between the receiving part 312 and the connecting part 41 is evenly distributed on both sides of the mounting part 311, forming a balanced force system.

[0147] This invention does not impose specific limitations on the structure of the heat dissipation mechanism 4. In some embodiments, the heat dissipation mechanism 4 may include a heat dissipation frame 42 and a partition layer 43. The heat dissipation frame 42 is connected to the connecting part 41, and the heat dissipation frame 42 and the connecting part 41 are respectively located on both sides of the partition layer 43 in the second direction Z, so as to isolate the heat dissipation frame 42 and the heat insulation mechanism 3.

[0148] The partition layer 43 can be integrated with the heat dissipation frame 42 to form a structure, or it can be connected to the heat dissipation frame 42 by fasteners such as bolts. That is, one side of the partition layer 43 is fixed to the inner wall of one side of the heat dissipation frame 42 by a set of fasteners, and the other side of the partition layer 43 is fixed to the inner wall of the other side of the heat dissipation frame 42 by another set of fasteners, forming an intermediate isolation structure independent of the two.

[0149] Based on this, refer to Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the connecting portion 41 includes a first connecting portion 411 and a second connecting portion 412, which are symmetrically arranged about the mounting portion 311; the heat insulation column 32 includes a first heat insulation column 321 and a second heat insulation column 322, which are respectively disposed on the first connecting portion 411 and the second connecting portion 412; there is a receiving space 44 between the partition layer 43 and the heat insulation member 31; wherein at least a portion of the first heat insulation column 321 and the second heat insulation column 322 are located in the receiving space 44.

[0150] Specifically, the mounting part 311 is the central support structure of the hot end component. The first connecting part 411 and the second connecting part 412, which are symmetrically distributed along its axis, extend outward from both sides of the heat dissipation mechanism 4. The two parts have the same shape and size and are equidistant from the mounting part 311, forming a mirror symmetrical layout.

[0151] The inner ends of the first connecting part 411 and the second connecting part 412 correspond to the first receiving section 3121 and the second receiving section 3122, respectively. Their own structures (including connecting wall panels, mounting grooves and inlet / outlet channels) are also symmetrically distributed to ensure that the assembly paths of the first heat insulation column 321 and the second heat insulation column 322 are symmetrical.

[0152] The partition layer 43 is a plate-shaped structure extending along the first direction X. One side of it is connected to the heat dissipation frame 42 (or integrally formed), and the other side extends toward the heat insulation mechanism 3. A gap is left between the end and the outer wall of the heat insulation member 31, which together form a closed or semi-closed receiving space 44. The boundary of the space is defined by the outer wall surface of the partition layer 43, the outer wall of the heat insulation member 31, and the inner sidewalls of the first connecting part 411 and the second connecting part 412, forming a cavity symmetrically distributed along the mounting part 311.

[0153] After the first heat insulation column 321 and the second heat insulation column 322 are respectively engaged in the first connecting part 411 and the second connecting part 412, the isolation section 325 located between the first connecting section 323 and the second connecting section 324 is entirely within the receiving space 44, while a portion of the first connecting section 323 and a portion of the second connecting section 324 extend outside the receiving space 44 (the first connecting section 323 penetrates into the receiving section, and the second connecting section 324 is engaged in the connecting part 41).

[0154] This layout allows the two insulation columns 32 to be symmetrically distributed within the accommodating space 44. The outer periphery of their isolation section 325 maintains a gap with the inner wall of the accommodating space 44, which not only avoids contact with the space boundary to form a thermal bridge, but also enhances the insulation effect through the air layer in the symmetrical space. At the same time, the symmetrically distributed isolation sections 325 can jointly enhance the support stability of the heat dissipation mechanism 4, so that the load is evenly distributed on both sides of the mounting part 311, reducing the structural displacement caused by unilateral force.

[0155] In this embodiment of the utility model, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the hot end assembly also includes a throat unit 5. This invention does not impose specific limitations on the structure of the throat unit 5; it can be designed to include a fixedly connected throat 51 and nozzle 52. The throat 51 guides the printing filament from the feed end to the heating area, ensuring the filament remains in a straight feed state before entering the melting stage. The nozzle 52 extrudes the heated and molten filament along a preset path onto the printing platform to form a printing layer.

[0156] refer to Figure 10 As shown, the fixing base 1 includes a base portion 11, and a sleeve portion 12 is provided extending from the base portion 11 along the second direction Z. The heating mechanism 2 is sleeved on the sleeve portion 12. The sleeve portion 12 provides a mounting carrier for the heating mechanism 2 and also transfers heat to the internal throat unit 5 through its own thermal conductivity, providing a heat source for melting the wire. The end of the sleeve portion 12 away from the base portion 11 may be provided with a threaded structure, which is the same as the thread direction of the mounting portion 311 in the heat insulation component 31, so as to realize the detachable connection between the fixing base 1 and the heat insulation component 31.

[0157] The heat insulation mechanism 3, the heat dissipation mechanism 4, and the fixed seat 1 together define the throat tube 51 channel that extends through the second direction Z. The throat tube unit 5 is installed in the throat tube 51 channel. This channel provides axial limiting and radial protection for the throat tube unit 5. At the same time, the heat insulation mechanism 3 blocks the diffusion of heat to the heat dissipation end, and the heat dissipation mechanism 4 removes the residual heat near the channel, forming a temperature gradient from the nozzle 52 end to the feed end in the channel.

[0158] The nozzle 52 is detachably connected to the base 11, making it easy to replace nozzles 52 of different specifications according to printing accuracy and material characteristics.

[0159] In other words, the throat 51 and the nozzle 52 form a continuous filament transport and extrusion path. The throat 51 is responsible for smoothly guiding the unmelted filament into the heating area, while the nozzle 52 precisely extrudes the molten filament. The sleeve 12 acts as a heating medium, allowing the heat from the heating mechanism 2 to be evenly applied to the filament within the throat 51. The throat 51 channel, formed by the heat insulation mechanism 3, the heat dissipation mechanism 4, and the fixing base 1, provides installation space for the throat unit 5 and controls the temperature distribution within the channel through the synergistic effect of each mechanism. That is, the end near the nozzle 52 is kept at a high temperature to ensure the filament is fully melted, while the end near the heat dissipation mechanism 4 is kept at a low temperature to prevent the filament from softening prematurely. The detachable design of the nozzle 52 and the base 11 allows the hot-end assembly to flexibly adapt to different printing needs, enabling the replacement and maintenance of the nozzle 52 without the need for a complete replacement.

[0160] To balance the need for quick assembly and disassembly of the nozzle 52 and the base 11, stable connection under high-temperature conditions, and positioning accuracy, in some embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 10 As shown, a snap-fit ​​groove 111 can also be provided on the base portion 11. The snap-fit ​​groove 111 includes a first snap-fit ​​groove 1111 opened along the axial direction of the base portion 11 and a second snap-fit ​​groove 1112 opened along the circumferential direction of the base portion 11. The first snap-fit ​​groove 1111 and the second snap-fit ​​groove 1112 are connected to form the snap-fit ​​groove 111. The nozzle 52 has a snap-fit ​​post that protrudes radially along the nozzle 52. The snap-fit ​​post can enter the first snap-fit ​​groove 1111 along the axial direction of the base portion 11, and rotate into the second snap-fit ​​groove 1112 along the circumferential direction of the base portion 11 at the position where the first snap-fit ​​groove 1111 and the second snap-fit ​​groove 1112 are connected.

[0161] Specifically, the end face of the base portion 11 near the nozzle 52 is recessed axially to form a first locking groove 1111. The first locking groove 1111 extends from the end edge of the base portion 11 inwards, and the groove width is adapted to the diameter of the locking post, while the groove depth is sufficient to allow the locking post to fully enter. The end of the first locking groove 1111 is connected to a second locking groove 1112. The second locking groove 1112 extends in an arc shape from the connection point along the circumference of the base portion 11. Its extension direction can be set to clockwise or counterclockwise, and the arc length is determined according to the required rotation angle (e.g., a rotation of 30°-60° can achieve locking). The groove depth is the same as that of the first locking groove 1111, and the inner sidewall of the groove is provided with an inwardly protruding limiting rib.

[0162] On the outer peripheral wall of the nozzle 52, a locking post (not shown in the figure) protrudes radially outward to form a locking post. During assembly, the nozzle 52 is aligned with the axial direction of the base portion 11, so that the locking post is aligned with the inlet of the first locking groove 1111. The nozzle 52 is pushed along the axial direction of the base portion 11 until the locking post reaches the communication position between the first locking groove 1111 and the second locking groove 1112. Then, the nozzle 52 is rotated around the axis of the base portion 11, so that the locking post slides along the arc path of the second locking groove 1112 until the locking post abuts against the limiting rib at the end of the second locking groove 1112. At this time, the limiting rib can prevent the locking post from continuing to rotate or disengaging in the opposite direction, thus completing the locking and fixing of the nozzle 52 and the base portion 11.

[0163] In this structure, the first slot 1111 guides the locking post axially into place, and the second slot 1112 locks it in place by circumferential rotation. The two work together to ensure ease of assembly and the connection is stable through the design of the limiting rib. At the same time, the small gap reserved between the slot and the locking post can accommodate thermal expansion and contraction in high-temperature environments, avoiding jamming or loosening.

[0164] In addition, refer to Figure 10 As shown, a sensor mounting groove 112 can also be provided on the base part 11 for installing a temperature sensor, which can obtain the temperature data of the heating mechanism 2, prevent the consumables from melting before entering the nozzle 52, and avoid the occurrence of nozzle blockage.

[0165] This utility model does not limit the specific structure of the heating mechanism 2. For example, in some embodiments, the heating mechanism 2 can be a combination of a rod-shaped heating element and a heating block, that is, the heating block is sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve portion 12, and the rod-shaped heating element is radially embedded inside the heating block, with its heating end in close contact with the heating block, so that the heat is transferred to the sleeve portion 12 through the heating block; or it can be a sheet-shaped heating element, which is bent into an arc shape and attached to the outer wall of the sleeve portion 12, and fixed by fasteners such as bolts, so that the heat is directly conducted to the sleeve portion 12.

[0166] In this embodiment of the utility model, reference is made to Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 11As shown, the heating mechanism 2 includes an annular heating body 21, which is fixed between the base portion 11 and the heat insulation mechanism 3. The two axial ends of the annular heating body 21 abut against the heat insulation mechanism 3 and the base portion 11, respectively. Specifically, the annular heating body 21 is a hollow annular structure. Its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the sleeve portion 12, allowing it to fit snugly onto the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve portion 12. Its axial length is slightly less than the distance between the base portion 11 and the heat insulation mechanism 3. When the base portion 11 and the heat insulation mechanism 3 are assembled, the annular heating body 21 is clamped between them, with its two axial ends tightly fitted against the end faces of the base portion 11 and the heat insulation mechanism 3, respectively, achieving fixation without additional fasteners. A heating element (such as a resistance wire) can be installed on the inner wall of the annular heating body 21. The heat generated after energization is transferred through the annular inner wall to the sleeve portion 12, and then conducted from the sleeve portion 12 to the internal throat unit 5, providing a heat source for heating the wire.

[0167] This invention also provides a 3D printer that can achieve efficient and stable filament melting and extrusion through the aforementioned hot-end component. It is compatible with conventional materials such as PLA and ABS, and can also meet the printing requirements of high-temperature materials such as PEEK. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable 3D printer based on specific scenarios; this invention does not impose any specific limitations.

[0168] Regardless of the type of 3D printer, the 3D printer includes the hot end assembly described above, wherein the structure of the hot end assembly has been described in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0169] It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the detailed structure and arrangement of the components proposed in this invention. This invention can have other embodiments and can be implemented and performed in various ways. The foregoing variations and modifications fall within the scope of this invention. It should be understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features mentioned or apparent in the text and / or drawings. All these different combinations constitute multiple alternative aspects of this invention. The embodiments described herein illustrate the best known mode for implementing this invention and will enable those skilled in the art to utilize this invention.

Claims

1. A hot end assembly, characterized by, The hot-end assembly includes: Fixed base; The heating mechanism is connected to the fixed base; A heat insulation mechanism includes a heat insulation component and a heat insulation column. The heat insulation component includes a mounting part and a receiving part. The mounting part is detachably connected to the fixed base. One end of the receiving part is connected to the mounting part, and the other end extends along a first direction, wherein the first direction is the radial direction of the heat insulation mechanism. A heat dissipation mechanism includes a connecting part, which is spaced apart from the receiving part. One axial end of the heat insulation column is detachably connected to the connecting part, and the other axial end of the heat insulation column is detachably connected to the receiving part.

2. The hot-end assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation column includes a first connecting section; The receiving part includes a first receiving section, on which a first mounting groove is provided. The opening of the first mounting groove is disposed opposite to the mounting part, and the first mounting groove engages with the first connecting section.

3. The hot end assembly of claim 2, wherein, The connecting portion includes a first connecting portion, which is at least partially aligned with the first mounting groove, so that the heat insulation column passes through the first mounting groove and the first connecting portion in sequence. The heat insulation column includes a second connecting section; The first connecting part is engaged with the second connecting segment.

4. The hot end assembly of claim 3, wherein, The first connecting part further includes: A first connecting wall panel is provided extending along a first direction; The second connecting wall panel extends along the second direction and is connected to the end of the first connecting wall panel away from the mounting part. The first connecting wall panel has a second mounting groove at the end away from the mounting part; The second connecting wall panel has a third mounting groove at one end near the first connecting wall panel, and the third mounting groove communicates with the second mounting groove to form an inlet / outlet channel; The heat insulation column can enter the inlet / outlet channel in the first direction and engage the second connecting section with the second mounting slot.

5. The hot-end assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first connecting wall panel and / or the second connecting wall panel are provided with a first limiting hole extending in a third direction; The hot end assembly also includes a locking member. When the second connecting section is engaged with the second mounting slot, the locking member is inserted into the first limiting hole to prevent the heat insulation column from disengaging from the inlet / outlet channel in the first direction.

6. The hot end assembly of claim 3, wherein, The heat insulation column also includes an isolation section located between the first connecting section and the second connecting section; The radial cross-sectional area of ​​the isolation section is greater than the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting section, and / or the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the isolation section is greater than the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting section.

7. The hot-end assembly according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The receiving part further includes a second receiving section, which is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first receiving section about the mounting part; The connecting part further includes a second connecting part, wherein the first connecting part and the first receiving segment are correspondingly arranged, and the second connecting part and the second receiving segment are correspondingly arranged; The heat insulation column includes a first heat insulation column and a second heat insulation column. The first heat insulation column passes through the first connecting part and the first receiving section in sequence, and / or the second heat insulation column passes through the second connecting part and the second connecting section in sequence.

8. The hot end assembly of claim 1, wherein, The heat dissipation mechanism includes: A heat dissipation frame is connected to the connecting part; A partition layer, wherein the heat dissipation frame is located on one side of the partition layer in a second direction, and the connecting portion is located on the other side of the partition layer in the second direction, wherein the partition layer isolates the heat dissipation frame and the heat insulation mechanism.

9. The hot-end assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that, The connecting portion includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, which are symmetrically arranged about the mounting portion. The heat insulation column includes a first heat insulation column and a second heat insulation column, wherein the first heat insulation column is disposed on the first connecting part and the second heat insulation column is disposed on the second connecting part; There is a space between the partition layer and the thermal insulation component; At least a portion of the first heat-insulating column and the second heat-insulating column are located within the accommodating space.

10. The hot end assembly of claim 1, wherein, The hot end assembly also includes a throat unit, which includes a fixedly connected throat and a nozzle. The fixed base includes a base portion, and the base portion extends along a second direction and is provided with a sleeve portion, and the heating mechanism is sleeved on the sleeve portion; The heat insulation mechanism, the heat dissipation mechanism, and the fixing seat together define a throat channel extending through the second direction, and the throat unit passes through the throat channel; The nozzle is detachably connected to the base.

11. The hot end assembly of claim 10, wherein, The base portion is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove, which includes a first snap-fit ​​groove opened along the axial direction of the base portion and a second snap-fit ​​groove opened along the circumferential direction of the base portion. The first snap-fit ​​groove and the second snap-fit ​​groove are connected to form the snap-fit ​​groove. The nozzle has a locking post that protrudes radially from the nozzle. The locking post can enter the first locking groove along the axial direction of the base portion, and rotate circumferentially along the base portion to enter the second locking groove at the position where the first locking groove and the second locking groove are connected.

12. The hot end assembly of claim 10, wherein, The heating mechanism includes an annular heating element, which is fixed between the base and the heat insulation mechanism. One axial end of the annular heating element abuts against the heat insulation mechanism, and the other axial end of the annular heating element abuts against the base.

13. The hot end assembly of claim 1, wherein, The melting point of the heat insulation component is higher than that of the heat insulation column; the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation column is lower than that of the heat insulation component.

14. A 3D printer characterized by, The 3D printer includes the hot end assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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