Battery systems and electrical devices

Abstract

This application discloses a battery system and an electrical device, in which at least two battery packs can each provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, at least one other battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit. At least two battery packs can each provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, at least one other battery pack can provide power to the second load through the second power supply circuit, thereby improving the power supply stability of the first and second loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automotive technology, specifically to a battery system and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] In current electric vehicle systems, the power source typically consists of a high-voltage power battery pack and a low-voltage battery. When the vehicle is in motion, the power battery pack supplies power to the vehicle's drive loads; when the vehicle is off, the low-voltage battery supplies power to the vehicle's low-voltage electrical appliances.

[0003] In related technologies, each of the vehicle's drive loads and low-voltage electrical appliances is powered by only one power supply circuit. If one of these power supply circuits malfunctions, the vehicle may face safety hazards. Therefore, providing redundant power supplies for both high-voltage and low-voltage loads within the vehicle is a crucial issue in the development of electric vehicle technology. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a battery system and electrical device designed to provide redundant power supply for driving loads and low-voltage loads in a vehicle.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a battery system for supplying power to a first load and a second load, the battery system comprising:

[0006] At least two battery packs, wherein at least two battery packs respectively provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit, and at least two battery packs respectively provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage;

[0007] At least one of the first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit; the voltage conversion circuit is used to convert the input voltage into a first voltage or a second voltage.

[0008] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a first power supply circuit can be used to provide a first voltage to a first load, and a second power supply circuit can be used to provide a second voltage to a second load. At least two battery packs can each provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit. If one battery pack malfunctions, at least one other battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, improving the power supply stability of the first load and reducing safety hazards caused by power failure. Conversely, at least two battery packs can each provide the second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. If one battery pack malfunctions, at least one other battery pack can provide power to the second load through the second power supply circuit, improving the power supply stability of the second load and reducing safety hazards caused by power failure. This ensures that both the first and second loads have at least two power supply circuits. Furthermore, at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power to both the first and second loads simultaneously, thus improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0009] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack;

[0010] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively used to provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit and to provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0011] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the battery system can provide redundant power to the first load through a first battery pack and a first power supply circuit, so that the first load in the electrical device has at least two independent power sources. When one power source malfunctions or fails, other normal power sources can continue to supply power to the first load, allowing the first load to continue operating normally without being affected by one power source. Similarly, the battery system can also provide redundant power to the second load through a second power supply circuit, so that the second load in the electrical device has at least two independent power sources. When one power source malfunctions or fails, other normal power sources can continue to supply power to the second load, allowing the second load to continue operating normally without being affected by one power source. By providing redundant backup power to the first and second loads of the electrical device, redundant power supply is achieved for both the high-voltage and low-voltage power supply systems, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the electrical device during use.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load;

[0013] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for outputting a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0014] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively output a first voltage and provide the first voltage to the first load. The second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack and the second battery pack into a second voltage. The first battery pack and the second battery pack provide the second voltage to the second load respectively through the voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack or the second battery pack, the other normal battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load. On the other hand, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide the second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other normal battery pack can provide power to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the second load and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load. This allows both the first load and the second load to have at least two power supply circuits to supply them, and at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to both the first load and the second load simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0015] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device and a second voltage conversion device;

[0016] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load;

[0017] The first battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;

[0018] The second battery pack is connected to the second voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the second voltage conversion device.

[0019] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively output a first voltage and provide the first voltage to the first load. The second power supply circuit includes a first voltage conversion device and a second voltage conversion device. Both the first voltage conversion device and the second voltage conversion device can convert the input first voltage into a second voltage. The first voltage conversion device converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and outputs it to the second load. The second voltage conversion device is used to convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack or the second battery pack, another normal battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load. On the other hand, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can each provide a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, the other normal battery pack can provide power to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. This can improve the power supply stability of the second load, reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load, and ensure that both the first load and the second load can be supplied with power by at least two power supply circuits. Furthermore, at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to both the first load and the second load simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0020] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;

[0021] The first battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load;

[0022] The first battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;

[0023] The second battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the first voltage conversion device.

[0024] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load through a first power supply circuit, and the second battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through a second power supply circuit. The first side of the first voltage converter is connected to the first battery pack, which can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second battery pack or the second load from its second side. The second side of the first voltage converter is connected to the second battery pack, which can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack into a first voltage and output it to the first battery pack or the first load from its first side. In this way, if the first battery pack malfunctions, the second battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first voltage converter. If the second battery pack malfunctions, the first battery pack can provide the second voltage to the second load through the first voltage converter. This improves the power supply stability of the first and second loads, reduces the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first or second load, and helps to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load;

[0026] The first battery pack is connected to a first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;

[0027] The second battery pack is connected to the second voltage conversion device and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the second voltage conversion device.

[0028] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load via a first power supply circuit, and the second battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load via a second power supply circuit. A first voltage converter is connected to the first battery pack on its first side and to the second battery pack and / or the second load on its second side. The first voltage converter can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second battery pack or the second load from its second side. Similarly, a second voltage converter is connected to the second battery pack and / or the second load on its first side and to the first battery pack and / or the first load on its second side. The second voltage converter can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack into a first voltage and output it to the first battery pack or the first load from its second side. Thus, in the event of an anomaly in the first battery pack, the second battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load via the second voltage converter; conversely, in the event of an anomaly in the second battery pack, the first battery pack can provide the second voltage to the second load via the first voltage converter. This improves the power supply stability of the first and second loads, reduces safety hazards caused by power failures of either the first or second load, and helps improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to provide a first voltage to the first load, respectively;

[0030] At least some of the battery cells in the first battery pack and / or at least some of the battery cells in the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0031] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively output a first voltage to the first load through a first power supply circuit. At least some battery cells in the first battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. Some battery cells in the second battery pack can also output a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack, some normal battery cells in the first battery pack or some normal battery cells in the second battery pack can be selected to provide the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit. This provides multiple redundant power supplies for the first load and the second load, reduces the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load or the second load, and helps to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is used to provide a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to provide a second voltage to the second load;

[0033] At least some of the individual cells of the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit;

[0034] and / or

[0035] At least some of the individual cells of the first battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0036] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack provides a second voltage to the second load. Some individual battery cells within the second battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack, the second battery pack or at least some of the normal battery cells within the first battery pack can be selected to provide the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the first load. Alternatively, at least some of the battery cells within the first battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack, at least some of the normal battery cells within the first battery pack can be selected to provide the second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the second load. This reduces safety hazards caused by power failure of the first or second load and helps improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0037] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a first switch connected to the at least two battery packs, the first switch being used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected in parallel to the power supply circuit.

[0038] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a first switch, or the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a first switch. The controller can control the connection status of the battery packs with the positive and negative bus by controlling the switching state of the first switch. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, which significantly improves the battery life. In addition, if one battery pack malfunctions, another battery pack can be selected to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0039] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs; where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and m is a positive integer;

[0040] At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit;

[0041] At least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit;

[0042] The m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit.

[0043] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the battery system may include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs. At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit; at least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit; and the m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. By setting multiple power supply circuits to supply power to the first and second loads, if one power supply circuit fails, other power supply circuits can be selected to supply power, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0044] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0045] A third power supply circuit is connected to at least two of the battery packs, and the at least two battery packs charge and discharge each other through the third power supply circuit.

[0046] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, one battery pack in the battery system can charge other battery packs through a third power supply circuit, and other battery packs can also charge the battery pack through the third power supply circuit. This can realize mutual power replenishment between multiple battery packs, or select one battery pack as the main battery to supply power to an external load, and other battery packs as backup batteries. When the main battery has a low power, the backup batteries can replenish the main battery, thereby improving the battery system's endurance and power supply stability.

[0047] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include a fifth battery pack and a sixth battery pack;

[0048] The fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the third power supply circuit. The fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the third power supply circuit, or the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the third power supply circuit.

[0049] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the fifth battery pack can charge the sixth battery pack through the third power supply circuit, and the sixth battery pack can also charge the fifth battery pack through the third power supply circuit. In the battery system, either the fifth or sixth battery pack can be selected as the main battery to supply power to the external load, and the other battery pack can be used as a backup battery. When the main battery has a low charge, the backup battery can replenish the main battery, thereby improving the battery system's range and power supply stability.

[0050] In some embodiments, the third power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, the fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit, the fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0051] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the output voltage of the fifth battery pack is different from that of the sixth battery pack. The fifth battery pack can charge the sixth battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack can also charge the fifth battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit. In the battery system, either the fifth or sixth battery pack can be selected as the main battery to supply power to the external load, while the other battery pack serves as a backup battery. When the main battery's charge is low, the backup battery replenishes the main battery's power, thereby improving the battery system's range and power supply stability.

[0052] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs are connected in parallel, and the battery system further includes:

[0053] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected to the power supply circuit.

[0054] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. The connection state between the battery packs and the positive and negative bus is controlled by the switching circuit. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, which significantly improves the power supply capacity of the battery system. In addition, if one battery pack malfunctions, another battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0055] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0056] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0057] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminal of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack is connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminal of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack is connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. The connection state of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack with the positive bus and the negative bus is controlled by the switching circuit. In this way, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit, which significantly improves the power supply capacity of the battery system. In addition, if one of the battery packs is abnormal, the other battery pack can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0058] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes;

[0059] The second switch is connected to the first battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack to access the power supply circuit;

[0060] The third switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0061] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminals of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. A second switch is connected in series with the first battery pack to control its connection status with the positive and negative bus. A third switch is connected in series with the second battery pack to control its connection status with the positive and negative bus. Thus, by controlling the switching states of the second and third switches, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit, significantly improving the power supply capacity of the battery system. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the other battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to provide external power, improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0062] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0063] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs in series.

[0064] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the switching circuit to make at least two battery packs connected in series, so as to select the corresponding battery packs to be connected in series according to the power consumption or voltage consumption of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.

[0065] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is further configured to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0066] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series by controlling the switching circuit, so as to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series according to the power consumption or voltage consumption of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.

[0067] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes:

[0068] The fourth switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0069] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the fourth switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the fourth switch can be controlled to connect the first battery pack and the second battery pack in series according to the power or voltage of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.

[0070] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0071] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0072] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the switching circuit can control at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel, so as to realize the flexible use of the battery system and the flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform.

[0073] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0074] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0075] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the switching circuit can control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel, so as to realize the flexible use of the battery system and the flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform.

[0076] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fifth switch and a sixth switch;

[0077] The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series;

[0078] The sixth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.

[0079] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the switching state of the fifth switch to connect at least two battery packs in series. This allows the controller to select the appropriate battery pack to be connected in series based on the load's power consumption or voltage. Under the same power demand, outputting a higher voltage through series-connected battery packs reduces output current, decreases conductor cross-sectional area requirements, and reduces line transmission losses, thereby improving the battery system's efficiency. The controller can also control the switching state of the sixth switch to connect at least two battery packs in parallel, significantly improving battery life. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the controller can select the other battery pack to supply power, enhancing the battery system's stability.

[0080] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a seventh switch, which includes at least a first contact group and a second contact group;

[0081] The first contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs connected in series;

[0082] The second contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in parallel;

[0083] The seventh switch is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0084] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a seventh switch is provided. The seventh switch includes at least a first contact group that can control two battery packs connected in series and a second contact group that can control two battery packs connected in parallel. By setting a switch that controls the on / off of multiple circuits, the series-parallel switching of two high-voltage battery packs can be realized, thereby achieving flexible use of the battery system and flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform, while reducing the complexity of setting up electronic components in the system.

[0085] In some embodiments, at least two of the battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells;

[0086] The first battery cell and the second battery cell each independently include one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery, and at least one of the first battery cell and the second battery cell includes a secondary battery;

[0087] Optionally, both the first battery cell and the second battery cell include a secondary battery;

[0088] Further optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

[0089] In some embodiments, the chemical systems of the first battery cell and the second battery cell are different.

[0090] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 40kWh.

[0091] The second battery pack meets one of the following conditions:

[0092] (1) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh;

[0093] (2) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh;

[0094] (3) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

[0095] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is 0.05 to 10, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.1 to 8.0, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.12 to 6.0, and further optionally, the volume ratio is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0;

[0096] In some embodiments, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are each independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII:

[0097] (1) Battery cell I, wherein the volumetric energy density of battery cell I is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, and battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion cell further includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide; optionally, at least one of the battery cells I is a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0098] (2) Battery cell II, wherein the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10%SOC-80%SOC greater than or equal to 2C at 25°C, optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10%SOC-80%SOC greater than 2.5C, and further optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10%-80%SOC greater than 4C;

[0099] (3) Battery cell III, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell III is not lower than 250°C; and / or, the overcharge boundary of the battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC;

[0100] (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the charging time of battery cell IV from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10℃ is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20℃ and charged at 0.33C is above 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides;

[0101] (5) Battery cell V, wherein the battery cell V is discharged to the lower limit cutoff voltage at a rate of 5C at 50% SOC, and the discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, the battery cell V is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, and the DC impedance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600 W / kg and 5000W / kg;

[0102] (6) Battery cell VI, wherein when the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the battery cell VI is not less than 6000 cycles; optionally, not less than 6500 cycles;

[0103] (7) Battery cell VII, wherein the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95% when the battery cell VII is stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days; and / or, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98% when the battery cell VII is stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days.

[0104] In some embodiments, the energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L; and / or,

[0105] The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide.

[0106] Optionally, the olivine phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate;

[0107] Optionally, the ratio of the number of moles of nickel to the total number of moles of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide is 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.7 or more.

[0108] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0109] (1) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode includes lithium iron phosphate, and the VED range of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode is 450~700Wh / L;

[0110] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 650~2000Wh / L.

[0111] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the VED range of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 800~2000Wh / L.

[0112] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0113] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0114] (2) The thickness of the current collector ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm;

[0115] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0116] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa~1600MPa;

[0117] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and more preferably, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

[0118] In some embodiments, the cycle life of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell meets at least one of the following conditions:

[0119] (1) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within 80% of the depth of discharge, and has a cycle life of 150 to 400 cycles.

[0120] (2) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%, and the cycle life is 200 to 550 cycles.

[0121] (3) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and the cycle life is more than 550 cycles.

[0122] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, and the second battery pack includes at least the battery cell I, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of the battery cells II, IV, and VI.

[0123] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, ternary battery cell without negative electrode, hybrid cathode battery cell without negative electrode, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

[0124] The first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

[0125] In some embodiments, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC-80% SOC is greater than the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell at 10% SOC-80% SOC, the first battery pack includes at least the battery cell II, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of the battery cell IV and the battery cell VI.

[0126] In some embodiments, the first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell.

[0127] The second battery pack includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion cell, solid-state battery cell, and semi-solid-state battery cell.

[0128] In some embodiments, under the same charge and discharge conditions, the cycle life of a single cell of the first battery is more than 1.2 times that of a single cell of the second battery, the first battery pack includes at least the single cell VI, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of the single cells IV and VII.

[0129] In some embodiments, the first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell.

[0130] The second battery pack includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery, solid-state battery cell, and semi-solid-state battery cell.

[0131] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0132] The battery system also includes:

[0133] A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the second battery pack;

[0134] The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the second battery pack is in the charging state.

[0135] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the battery system is in a charging state.

[0136] Optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to 45-70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to 50-65°C.

[0137] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0138] The battery system also includes:

[0139] A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

[0140] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the battery system is in a charging condition.

[0141] Optionally, the first multiplier is ≤0.2C.

[0142] A second aspect of the embodiments of this application also provides an electrical device, including a first load and a second load;

[0143] And the battery system as described in any of the above.

[0144] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0145] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system for body control.

[0146] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC), the battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

[0147] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

[0148] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0149] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0150] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0151] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0152] Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0153] Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0154] Figure 5 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0155] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0156] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0157] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0158] Figure 9 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0159] Figure 10 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0160] Figure 11 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0161] Figure 12 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0162] Figure 13 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0163] Figure 14 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0164] Figure 15 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0165] Figure 16 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0166] Figure 17 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0167] Figure 18 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0168] Figure 19 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0169] Figure 20 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0170] Figure 21 This is another schematic diagram of the battery system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0171] Figure 22 This application provides structural schematic diagrams of vehicles for some embodiments;

[0172] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0173] Figure 24 This is an exploded perspective view of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0174] Figure 25 for Figure 24 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery device after the cover has been removed;

[0175] Figure 26 for Figure 25 A top view of the battery device shown;

[0176] Figure 27 for Figure 26 A cross-sectional view of the battery device shown in another embodiment;

[0177] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0178] Figure 29 Schematic diagrams of the battery cavity provided for some embodiments;

[0179] Figure 30This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell arrangement provided in some embodiments.

[0180] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0181] 3000, Battery system; 1000, Vehicle; 1100, Battery unit; 1200, Controller; 1300, Motor;

[0182] 100. Housing; 101. Battery cavity; 1011. First battery cavity; 1012. Second battery cavity; 102. Electrical cavity;

[0183] 10. Tray; 11. Side beam; 12. Pressure relief chamber;

[0184] 141. First entrance; 142. First exit; 143. Second entrance; 144. Second exit;

[0185] 20. Cover;

[0186] 30. Divided structure;

[0187] 40. Sealing components;

[0188] 50. Electrical cavity partition; 51. Adapter; 61. Pressure relief mechanism; 62. First pressure relief mechanism; 63. Second pressure relief mechanism;

[0189] 70. Thermal management components;

[0190] 71. First sub-thermal management component; 711. First heat exchange tube; 712. First current collector;

[0191] 72. Second sub-thermal management component; 721. Second heat exchange tube; 722. Second current collector;

[0192] 200. Electrical components;

[0193] 300, First battery pack; 310, First battery cell; 311, First cell pressure relief mechanism; 320, First main terminal; 400, Second battery pack; 410, Second battery cell; 420, Second main terminal; 421, Second cell pressure relief mechanism; 700, Output interface. Detailed Implementation

[0194] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0195] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0196] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0197] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The phrase "second connection port" at various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it mutually exclusive or alternative to other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0198] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0199] New energy electrical equipment generally includes high-voltage power supply systems and low-voltage power supply systems. High voltage can be greater than 200V, and low voltage can be less than 100V. For example, in electric vehicles, the high-voltage power supply system generally refers to the power system, which is usually powered by a high-voltage battery to supply high-voltage loads, such as a power battery. Its voltage platform is generally 400V, 800V, etc. The low-voltage power supply system is usually powered by a low-voltage battery to supply low-voltage loads, such as a low-voltage storage battery. Its voltage platform is generally 12V, 24V, 48V, etc.

[0200] With the development of intelligent driving technology, in some electric vehicles, high-voltage power supply systems can be used to provide power for the vehicle drive, low-voltage power supply systems can be used to provide power for the vehicle's low-voltage electrical appliances, and high-voltage power supply systems and / or low-voltage power supply systems can also provide power for the vehicle's intelligent driving system.

[0201] In related technologies, both high-voltage and low-voltage loads within a vehicle are powered by a dedicated power supply circuit. For example, high-voltage loads are powered by a circuit corresponding to the high-voltage power supply system, and low-voltage loads are powered by a circuit corresponding to the low-voltage power supply system. If either of these power supply circuits malfunctions, the vehicle may face safety hazards. Therefore, providing redundant power supplies for driving high-voltage or low-voltage loads within a vehicle is a crucial issue in the development of electric vehicle technology.

[0202] This application provides a battery system that, through the coordinated design of the battery system and the power supply circuit, achieves redundant power supply for the high-voltage power supply system and the low-voltage power supply system, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the electrical device during use.

[0203] This application provides a battery system 3000 for supplying power to a first load 610 and a second load 620. See also... Figure 1 As shown, the battery system 3000 includes at least two battery packs, at least two first power supply circuits, and at least two second power supply circuits. For example, the at least two battery packs include battery pack 101, ..., battery pack 10i; the at least two first power supply circuits include first power supply circuit 2101, ..., first power supply circuit 210i; and the at least two second power supply circuits include second power supply circuit 2201, ..., second power supply circuit 220i, where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0204] At least two battery packs are respectively used to provide a first voltage to a first load 610 through a first power supply circuit. For example, battery pack 101 provides a first voltage to the first load 610 through a first power supply circuit 2101, and battery pack 10i provides a first voltage to the first load 610 through a first power supply circuit 210i. At least two battery packs are respectively used to provide a second voltage to a second load 620 through a second power supply circuit. For example, battery pack 101 provides a second voltage to the second load 620 through a second power supply circuit 2201, and battery pack 10i provides a second voltage to the second load 620 through a second power supply circuit 220i. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage. At least one of the first and second power supply circuits includes a voltage conversion circuit 201. The voltage conversion circuit 201 is used to convert the input voltage into either the first voltage or the second voltage.

[0205] The aforementioned first power supply circuit is specifically used to enable the battery pack to provide power to the first load 610. Specifically, at least two battery packs can provide multiple parallel power supplies to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit.

[0206] The aforementioned second power supply circuit is specifically used to enable the battery pack to provide power to the second load 620. Specifically, at least two battery packs can provide multiple parallel power supplies to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit.

[0207] The aforementioned first load 610 can specifically be a high-voltage load of an electrical device, such as a drive system or air conditioning system. In some embodiments, the first load 610 can specifically be a drive system within a vehicle, which may include at least one of a front-wheel drive system and a rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system can be used to drive the front wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system can be used to drive the rear wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer. At least two battery packs in the battery system can provide a first voltage to the first load 610 through a first power supply circuit. The first voltage can specifically be the operating voltage required by the first load 610, such as the drive voltage required by the drive motor. By supplying power to the high-voltage load through at least two battery packs in the battery system, redundant backup power is provided for the high-voltage load of the electrical device.

[0208] In some embodiments, the first voltage can be greater than 200V, for example, it can be 400V, 800V, etc.

[0209] The aforementioned second load 620 can specifically be a low-voltage load of an electrical device, such as a low-voltage electrical appliance or a low-voltage controller. In some embodiments, the low-voltage load can specifically be a load such as a start-stop control system, a body control system, an intelligent driver assistance system, or other electrical equipment within a vehicle.

[0210] In the aforementioned battery system, at least two battery packs can provide a second voltage to the second load 620 via a second power supply circuit. Specifically, the second voltage can be the voltage required by the second load 620. By supplying power to the low-voltage load through at least two battery packs in the battery system, redundant backup power is provided for the low-voltage load of the electrical device.

[0211] In some embodiments, the second voltage may be lower than 100V, specifically, but not limited to, 48V, 12V, etc.

[0212] For example, the battery system 3000 includes a controller, or the operating state of the battery system 3000 can be controlled by the controller. The first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit are connected to the controller. The controller is used to control the operating state of the first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit. Under the control of the controller, the first power supply circuit can provide a first voltage to the first load 610, and the second power supply circuit can provide a second voltage to the second load 620. At least two battery packs can respectively provide the first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, at least one other battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load 610 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 610.

[0213] In some embodiments, the controller may be a Battery Management System (BMS), which performs at least one of the following functions: battery state monitoring, state analysis, charge / discharge control, safety protection, thermal management, high-voltage power distribution, and information management. In addition, the battery management system may also be configured to implement at least some of the functions of a controller in an electrical device, such as implementing some functions of a vehicle control unit (VCU) or a motor control unit (MCU), and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0214] It should be noted that the physical device of the controller in this application can be integrated into the battery device, such as into the battery pack; it can also be integrated into the electrical device, such as into the vehicle or the vehicle chassis; or it can be integrated into the charging device, such as into the charging device or the battery swapping device.

[0215] The controller in this application can also be deployed as control software on a server. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, knowledge computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms, such as vehicle networking cloud, APP backend, etc.

[0216] On the other hand, at least two battery packs can each provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through a second power supply circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, at least one other battery pack can provide power to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the second load 620 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load 620. Thus, it is determined that both the first load 610 and the second load 620 can have at least two power supply circuits to supply power to them. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, at least one other battery pack can simultaneously provide a first voltage to the first load 610 and a second voltage to the second load 620, realizing the redundancy setting of the vehicle's power supply and electronic control power supply, which is conducive to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system, and improving the vehicle's safety.

[0217] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes multiple battery cells. The abnormal situations in the examples above include, but are not limited to: the battery pack cannot supply power normally, which may be due to a fault in the battery pack, a fault in a battery cell within the battery pack, or a fault in the power supply circuit connected to the battery pack.

[0218] For example, a battery system can be an energy storage device that can provide electrical energy to electrical devices, and the battery system includes a battery pack and a controller.

[0219] For example, a battery pack can be an electrical module used to achieve independent power output. A battery pack can consist of multiple battery cells connected in series and / or parallel, specifically a battery module, some battery cells in a battery pack, or some battery cells in a battery module; a battery pack can also be an independently configured battery pack or a structurally integrated battery pack. This application does not impose specific limitations on the assembly method, physical location, or specific structural form of the battery pack.

[0220] For example, the battery system 3000 may include a power battery pack and a voltage conversion circuit. The power battery pack is provided with at least two battery groups, which are respectively used to provide a first voltage to a first load 610 and a second voltage to a second load 620.

[0221] For example, the battery system 3000 may include a power battery pack, and may also include an on-board battery.

[0222] For example, the voltage conversion circuit within the battery system 3000 can be located inside the power battery pack or outside the power battery pack.

[0223] For example, the battery pack in the battery system 3000 can be set up in the form of a battery pack, or it can be set up in the form of a battery module within a battery pack. The battery pack can also be set up in the form of a vehicle battery.

[0224] For example, the multiple battery packs within the battery system 3000 can be multiple battery packs.

[0225] For example, the first load 610 can be a high-voltage load, and the second load 620 can be a low-voltage load. High-voltage loads include drive motors, motor inverters, etc., within the vehicle's drive system, and may also include electric compressors within the vehicle. Low-voltage loads may include functional loads such as vehicle controllers and lighting loads within the vehicle.

[0226] For example, the battery system 3000 can be a single battery pack or an architecture composed of multiple battery packs. A battery pack can be a group of battery cells connected in series and / or parallel, or it can be an independent battery pack containing groups of battery cells. In some embodiments, one or more battery packs in the battery system are configured to be removable and / or replaceable. In some embodiments, a battery pack can be replaced with the same or different battery packs, where different battery packs include, but are not limited to, differences in voltage, capacity, energy density, or at least one different chemical system. In some embodiments, multiple battery cells in a battery pack can be the same or different, where different battery cells include, but are not limited to, differences in voltage, capacity, energy density, or at least one different chemical system.

[0227] In some embodiments, the first power supply circuit 2101, ..., the first power supply circuit 210i may be the same power supply circuit.

[0228] In some embodiments, the second power supply circuit 2201, ..., the second power supply circuit 220i can be the same power supply circuit.

[0229] The following describes, in conjunction with embodiments, Figure 1 Explanation of the 3000 battery system shown:

[0230] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 As shown, the at least two battery packs include a first battery pack 300 and a second battery pack 400; the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are respectively used to provide a first voltage to a first load 610 through a first power supply circuit and to provide a second voltage to a second load 620 through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0231] The first power supply circuit described above is specifically used to enable the battery pack to provide power to the first load 610. The second power supply circuit described above is specifically used to enable the battery pack to provide power to the second load 620.

[0232] The aforementioned first load 610 can specifically be a high-voltage load of an electrical device, such as a drive system or air conditioning system. In some embodiments, the first load 610 can specifically be a drive system within a vehicle, which may include at least one of a front-wheel drive system and a rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system can be used to drive the front wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system can be used to drive the rear wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer. At least two battery packs in the battery system can provide a first voltage to the first load 610 through a first power supply circuit. The first voltage can specifically be the operating voltage required by the first load 610, such as the drive voltage required by the drive motor. By supplying power to the high-voltage load through at least two battery packs in the battery system, redundant backup power is provided for the high-voltage load of the electrical device.

[0233] In some embodiments, the first voltage can be greater than 200V, for example, it can be 400V, 800V, etc.

[0234] The aforementioned second load 620 can specifically be a low-voltage load of an electrical device, such as a low-voltage electrical appliance or a low-voltage controller. In some embodiments, the low-voltage load can specifically be a load such as a start-stop control system, a body control system, an intelligent driver assistance system, or other electrical equipment within a vehicle.

[0235] In some embodiments, the second voltage may be lower than 100V, specifically, but not limited to, 48V, 12V, etc.

[0236] In this embodiment, the battery system can provide redundant power to the first load 610 through the first battery pack and the first power supply circuit, so that the first load 610 in the electrical device has at least two independent power sources. When one power source malfunctions or fails, the other normal power source can continue to supply power to the first load 610, allowing the first load 610 to continue operating normally without being affected by the malfunctioning power source. Similarly, the battery system can also provide redundant power to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit, so that the second load 620 in the electrical device has at least two independent power sources. When one power source malfunctions or fails, the other normal power source can continue to supply power to the second load 620, allowing the second load 620 to continue operating normally without being affected by the malfunctioning power source. By providing redundant backup power to the first load 610 and the second load 620 of the electrical device, redundant power supply for the high-voltage power supply system and the low-voltage power supply system is achieved, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the electrical device during use.

[0237] In some embodiments, when the output voltages of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are the same, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 610 through the same first power supply circuit, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through the same second power supply circuit.

[0238] In the event of a malfunction in one battery pack, another functioning battery pack can supply power to the second load 620 via a second power supply circuit. This improves the power supply stability of the second load 620 and reduces safety hazards caused by power failure of the second load 620. This ensures that both the first load 610 and the second load 620 have at least two power supply circuits. Furthermore, at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit. This circuit can convert the input voltage to a first voltage to power the first load 610, and vice versa, providing redundant power to both loads. This enhances the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control and drive systems. Furthermore, in the event of a malfunction in one battery pack, at least one other battery pack can simultaneously provide a first voltage to the first load 610 and a second voltage to the second load 620, achieving redundancy in the vehicle's power supply and electronic control power supply. This further improves the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control and drive systems and enhances vehicle safety.

[0239] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 3, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected to the first load 610 to output a first voltage to the first load 610. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected to a voltage conversion circuit 201, which outputs a second voltage to the second load 620 through the conversion circuit 201.

[0240] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can each output a first voltage and provide the first voltage to the first load 610, ensuring that the first load 610 in the electrical device has at least two independent power sources. If one power source malfunctions or fails, other normal power sources can continue to supply power to the first load 610, allowing it to continue operating normally without being affected by one power source. The second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit that converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 then provide the second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, ensuring that the second load in the electrical device has at least two independent power sources. If one power source malfunctions or fails, other normal power sources can continue to supply power to the second load, allowing it to continue operating normally without being affected by one power source. By providing redundant backup power to the first load 610 and the second load of the electrical device, redundant power supply between the high-voltage and low-voltage power supply systems is achieved, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the electrical device during use.

[0241] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4, the voltage conversion circuit 201 includes a first voltage conversion device 2011 and a second voltage conversion device 2012; a first battery pack 300 and a second battery pack 400 are connected to a first load 610 to output a first voltage to the first load 610; the first battery pack 300 is connected to the first voltage conversion device 2011 to output a second voltage to the second load 620; the second battery pack 400 is connected to the second voltage conversion device 2012 to output a second voltage to the second load 620.

[0242] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can respectively output a first voltage and provide the first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210. The second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit 201, which includes a first voltage conversion device 2011 and a second voltage conversion device 2012. Both the first voltage conversion device 2011 and the second voltage conversion device 2012 can convert the input first voltage into a second voltage. Specifically, the first voltage conversion device 2011 converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a second voltage and outputs it to the second load 620. The second voltage conversion device 2012 is used to convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage and output it to the second load 620. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400, another normal battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load 610 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 610. On the other hand, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can respectively provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through the voltage conversion circuit 201. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, the other normal battery pack can provide power to the second load 620 through the voltage conversion circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the second load 620 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load 620. This allows both the first load 610 and the second load 620 to have at least two power supply circuits to supply them. Moreover, at least one power supply circuit includes the voltage conversion circuit 201, which can provide redundant power supply to the first load 610 and the second load 620 at the same time, realizing the redundancy of the vehicle's power supply and electronic control power supply. This is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system, and improving the vehicle's safety.

[0243] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, the voltage conversion circuit 201 includes a first voltage conversion device 2011;

[0244] The first battery pack 300 is used to connect to the first load 610 to output a first voltage to the first load 610, and the second battery pack 400 is used to connect to the second load 620 to output a second voltage to the second load 620.

[0245] The first battery pack 300 is connected to the first voltage converter 2011 and is used to output a second voltage to the second load 620 through the first voltage converter 2011.

[0246] The second battery pack 400 is connected to the first voltage converter 2011 and is used to output a first voltage to the first load 610 through the first voltage converter 2011.

[0247] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can output a first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210, and the second battery pack 400 can output a second voltage to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit 220. The voltage conversion circuit 201 includes a first voltage conversion device 2011. The first side of the first voltage conversion device 2011 is connected to the first battery pack 300, and can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a second voltage, which is then output from its second side to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 620. The second side of the first voltage conversion device 2011 is connected to the second battery pack 400, and can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage, which is then output from its first side to the first battery pack 300 and / or the first load 610. In the event of an anomaly in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 can supply a first voltage to the first load 610 via the first voltage converter 2011. In the event of an anomaly in the second battery pack 400, the first battery pack 300 can supply a second voltage to the second load 620 via the first voltage converter 2011. This improves the power supply stability of the first load 610 and the second load 620, reduces the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load 610 or the second load 620, and helps to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0248] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 6, a first battery pack 300 is connected to a first load 610 to output a first voltage to the first load 610, and a second battery pack 400 is connected to a second load 620 to output a second voltage to the second load 620; the first battery pack 300 is connected to a first voltage converter 2011 to output a second voltage to the second load 620 through the first voltage converter 2011; the second battery pack 400 is connected to a second voltage converter 2012 to output a first voltage to the first load 610 through the second voltage converter 2012.

[0249] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can output a first voltage to the first load 610 via a first power supply circuit, and the second battery pack 400 can output a second voltage to the second load 620 via a second power supply circuit. The first side of the first voltage converter 2011 is connected to the first battery pack 300, and the second side of the first voltage converter 2011 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 620. The first voltage converter 2011 can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a second voltage and output it from its second side to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 620. The first side of the second voltage converter 2012 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 620, and the second side of the second voltage converter 2012 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and / or the first load 610. The second voltage converter 2012 can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage and output it from its second side to the first battery pack 300 and / or the first load 610. In this way, in the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first load 610 through the second voltage converter 2012. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, the first battery pack 300 can provide the second voltage to the second load 620 through the first voltage converter 2011. This improves the power supply stability of the first load 610 and the second load 620, reduces the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 610 or the second load 620, and helps to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0250] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are used to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, respectively; at least a portion of the battery cells of the first battery pack 300 and / or at least a portion of the battery cells of the second battery pack 400 are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load 620, respectively, through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0251] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can each output a first voltage to the first load 610 via a first power supply circuit. At least some battery cells in the first battery pack 300 can output a second voltage to the second load 620 via a voltage conversion circuit. Similarly, some battery cells in the second battery pack 400 can output a second voltage to the second load 620 via a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, either some normal battery cells in the first battery pack 300 or some normal battery cells in the second battery pack 400 can be selected to provide the first voltage to the first load 610 via the voltage conversion circuit. This provides multiple redundant power supplies to the first load 610 and the second load 620, reducing the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load 610 or the second load 620, and improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0252] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 8, the first battery pack 300 is used to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, and the second battery pack 400 is used to provide a second voltage to the second load 620; at least a portion of the individual cells of the second battery pack 400 are connected to a voltage conversion circuit 201 for providing the first voltage to the first load 610 through the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0253] In this embodiment, at least a portion of the battery cells in the second battery pack 400 may include a portion of the battery cells, or may include all the battery cells in the second battery pack 400.

[0254] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 8, at least a portion of the individual cells of the first battery pack 300 are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load 620 via the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0255] In this embodiment, at least a portion of the battery cells in the first battery pack 300 may include a portion of the battery cells, or may include all the battery cells in the first battery pack 300.

[0256] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 8, at least a portion of the individual cells of the second battery pack 400 are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a first voltage to the first load 610 via the voltage conversion circuit, and at least a portion of the individual cells of the first battery pack 300 are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load 620 via the voltage conversion circuit.

[0257] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can output a first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210, and the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit 220. Some battery cells in the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 610 through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, at least some normal battery cells in the second battery pack 400 or the first battery pack 300 can be selected to provide a first voltage to the first load 610 through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the first load 610. Alternatively, at least some of the battery cells in the first battery pack 300 can output a second voltage to the second load 620 through the voltage conversion circuit 201. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, at least some of the normal battery cells in the first battery pack 300 can be selected to provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the second load 620, reducing the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 610 or the second load 620, and helping to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0258] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 9, the switching circuit 202 includes a first switch K401 connected to the at least two battery packs. The first switch K401 is used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected in parallel to the power supply circuit.

[0259] In this embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a first switch K401, or the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a first switch K401, or, in at least two battery packs, the positive terminal of at least one battery pack is connected to the positive bus via a first switch K401, and the negative terminal of at least one battery pack is connected to the negative bus via a first switch K401. The controller can control the connection status of the battery packs to the positive and negative buses by controlling the switching state of the first switch K401. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, significantly improving the battery life. If one battery pack malfunctions, another battery pack can be selected to supply power, improving the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0260] In some embodiments, see Figure 10At least two battery packs include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs; where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and m is a positive integer; at least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit; at least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit; and the m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit.

[0261] In this embodiment, the battery system 3000 may include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs. At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit; at least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit; and the m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit. By setting multiple power supply circuits to supply power to the first and second loads, if one power supply circuit fails, other power supply circuits can be selected to supply power, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0262] In some embodiments, see Figure 11 The battery system 3000 further includes a third power supply circuit 230, which is connected to at least two of the battery packs, and the at least two battery packs charge and discharge each other through the third power supply circuit 230.

[0263] In this embodiment of the application, one battery pack in the battery system 3000 can charge other battery packs through the third power supply circuit 230, and other battery packs can also charge the battery pack through the third power supply circuit. This can realize mutual power replenishment between multiple battery packs, or select one battery pack as the main battery to supply power to an external load, and the other battery packs as backup batteries. When the main battery has a low power, the backup batteries can replenish the main battery, thereby improving the battery system 3000's endurance and power supply stability.

[0264] In some embodiments, see Figure 12 The at least two battery packs include a fifth battery pack 901 and a sixth battery pack 902; the fifth battery pack 901 and the sixth battery pack 902 are connected to a third power supply circuit, the fifth battery pack 901 is used to charge the sixth battery pack 902 through the third power supply circuit 230, or the sixth battery pack 902 is used to charge the fifth battery pack 901 through the third power supply circuit.

[0265] In this embodiment, the fifth battery pack 901 provides a first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 2101, and provides a second voltage to the second load 610 through the second power supply circuit 2201. The sixth battery pack 902 provides a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit 2102, and provides a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit 2202. The fifth battery pack 901 can charge the sixth battery pack 902 through the third power supply circuit 230, and the sixth battery pack 902 can also charge the fifth battery pack 901 through the third power supply circuit. In the battery system 3000, either the fifth battery pack 901 or the sixth battery pack 902 can be selected as the main battery for supplying power to the external load, while the other battery pack serves as a backup battery. When the main battery's charge is low, the backup battery replenishes the main battery's power, thereby improving the battery system 3000's range and power supply stability.

[0266] In some embodiments, the first power supply circuit 2101 and the first power supply circuit 2102 may be the same power supply circuit.

[0267] In some embodiments, the second power supply circuit 2201 and the second power supply circuit 2202 may be the same power supply circuit.

[0268] In some embodiments, the fifth battery pack 901 and the first battery pack 300 may be the same battery pack.

[0269] In some embodiments, the sixth battery pack 902 and the second battery pack 400 may be the same battery pack.

[0270] In some embodiments, see Figure 13 The third power supply circuit 230 includes a voltage conversion circuit 201. The fifth battery pack 901 and the sixth battery pack 902 are connected to the voltage conversion circuit. The fifth battery pack 901 is used to charge the sixth battery pack 902 through the voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack 902 is used to charge the fifth battery pack 901 through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0271] In this embodiment, the output voltage of the fifth battery pack 901 is different from the output voltage of the sixth battery pack 902. The fifth battery pack 901 can charge the sixth battery pack 902 through a voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack 902 can also charge the fifth battery pack 901 through a voltage conversion circuit. In the battery system 3000, either the fifth battery pack 901 or the sixth battery pack 902 can be selected as the main battery for supplying power to an external load, while the other battery pack serves as a backup battery. When the main battery's charge is low, the backup battery replenishes the main battery's power, thereby improving the battery system 3000's range and power supply stability.

[0272] In some embodiments, see Figure 14 The at least two battery packs are connected in parallel. The battery system 3000 further includes a switching circuit 202 connected to the at least two battery packs for controlling at least one of the battery packs to be connected to the power supply circuit.

[0273] In this embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit 202, and the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit 202. The switching circuit 202 controls the connection status of the battery packs with the positive and negative bus. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, significantly improving the power supply capacity of the battery system 3000. If one battery pack malfunctions, another battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0274] Combination Figure 14 As shown, at least two battery packs 101 are connected in parallel, and each battery pack 101 can be connected to the power supply circuit 230 through the switch circuit 202. The switch circuit 202 is equipped with a switch connected in series with the battery pack 101. For example, the first battery pack 101 is connected to the power supply circuit 230 through switch K101, and the second battery pack 101 is connected to the power supply circuit through switch K102.

[0275] In some embodiments, see Figure 15 The battery system 3000 also includes a switching circuit 202, which is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and is used to control the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 to be connected to the power supply circuit.

[0276] In this embodiment, the positive terminals of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit 202, and the negative terminals of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit 202. The switching circuit 202 controls the connection state of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 with the positive and negative bus. In this way, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit, which significantly improves the power supply capability of the battery system 3000. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, the other battery pack can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0277] In some embodiments, the switching circuit 202 includes: a second switch connected to the first battery pack 300 for controlling the first battery pack 300 to access the power supply circuit; and a third switch connected to the second battery pack 400 for controlling the second battery pack 400 to access the power supply circuit.

[0278] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 are connected to the positive bus via a switch circuit 202, and the negative terminals of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 are connected to the negative bus via a switch circuit 202. A second switch is connected in series with the first battery pack 300 to control its connection status with the positive and negative bus. A third switch is connected in series with the second battery pack 400 to control its connection status with the positive and negative bus. Thus, by controlling the switching states of the second and third switches, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit, significantly improving the power supply capacity of the battery system 3000. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the other battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to provide external power, improving the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0279] Combination Figure 15 As shown, the switching circuit 202 includes a second switch K301 and a third switch K401. The first battery pack 300 is connected to the power supply circuit 230 through the second switch K301, and the second battery pack 400 is connected to the power supply circuit 230 through the third switch K401.

[0280] In some embodiments, participate Figure 16 As shown, the battery system 3000 further includes a switching circuit 202 connected to the at least two battery packs for controlling the at least two battery packs to be connected in series.

[0281] In this embodiment, the controller can control the switching circuit 202 to connect at least two battery packs in series, thereby selecting the corresponding battery packs to be connected in series according to the power or voltage of the load. Under the same power demand, the high voltage can be output by connecting the battery packs in series, which can reduce the output current, reduce the cross-sectional area requirement of the conductors and the line transmission loss, and improve the efficiency of the battery system 3000.

[0282] In some embodiments, the switching circuit 202 is also used to control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series.

[0283] In this embodiment, the controller can control the switching circuit 202 to connect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series. This allows the controller to control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series according to the power or voltage of the load. Under the same power demand, by connecting the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series, a high voltage can be output, which can reduce the output current, reduce the conductor cross-sectional area requirement and line transmission loss, and improve the efficiency of the battery system 3000.

[0284] In some embodiments, see Figure 16 As shown, the switching circuit 202 includes: a fourth switch K3, which is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack 300 and the second terminal of the second battery pack 400, for controlling the on / off state of the series circuit of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0285] In this embodiment, the fourth switch K3 is connected between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. This allows the fourth switch K3 to be controlled to connect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series, based on the power or voltage of the load. Under the same power requirement, the fourth switch K3 connects the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series to output a high voltage, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.

[0286] In some embodiments, see Figure 17 The battery system 3000 further includes a switching circuit 202 connected to the at least two battery packs for controlling the at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0287] In this embodiment, the switching circuit 202 can control at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel, thereby enabling flexible use of the battery system 3000 and flexible adjustment of the voltage platform of the battery system 3000.

[0288] In some embodiments, see Figure 17 The battery system 3000 also includes a switching circuit 202, which is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and is used to control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0289] In this embodiment, the switching circuit 202 can control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series or in parallel, thereby enabling flexible use of the battery system 3000 and flexible adjustment of the voltage platform of the battery system 3000.

[0290] In some embodiments, see Figure 17 The switching circuit 202 includes a fifth switch K4 and a sixth switch (sixth switch K51 and sixth switch K52); the fifth switch K4 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and is used to control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series; the sixth switch K4 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and is used to control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in parallel.

[0291] In this embodiment, the controller can control the switching state of the fifth switch K4 to connect at least two battery packs in series. This allows the appropriate battery pack to be connected in series based on the load's power or voltage requirements. Under the same power demand, connecting the battery packs in series to output a higher voltage reduces output current, decreases conductor cross-sectional area requirements, and reduces line transmission losses, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery system 3000. The controller can also control the switching states of the sixth switches K51 and K52 to connect at least two battery packs in parallel, significantly improving battery life. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the other can be selected to supply power, enhancing the stability of the battery system 3000.

[0292] Combination Figure 17 The control principle of the switch circuit 202 in this embodiment is explained as follows: When the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 need to be connected in series to the power supply circuit, the sixth switch K51 and the sixth switch K52 are opened, and the fifth switch K4 is closed. When the first battery pack 300 needs to be powered alone, the fifth switch K4 is opened, the sixth switch K51 is closed, and the sixth switch K52 is opened. When the second battery pack 400 needs to be powered alone, the fifth switch K4 is opened, the sixth switch K51 is opened, and the sixth switch K52 is closed. When the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 need to be connected in parallel for output, the fifth switch K4 is opened, and the sixth switches K51 and K52 are closed.

[0293] In some embodiments, the switching circuit 202 includes a seventh switch, which includes at least a first contact group and a second contact group;

[0294] The first contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs connected in series;

[0295] The second contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in parallel;

[0296] The fourth switch is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0297] In this embodiment, the battery bus may include a positive bus and a negative bus. One of the first contact groups of the fourth switch is connected between the positive bus and the first terminal of one of the battery packs, and the other first contact group of the fourth switch is connected between the negative bus and the second terminal of another battery pack. The first contact groups of the fourth switch are connected between the first and second terminals of adjacent battery packs. The controller can control the switching state of each group of contacts of the fourth switch to control at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel. The controller can control the switching state of the second contact group to connect at least two battery packs in series, thereby selecting the corresponding battery packs to be connected in series according to the power or voltage of the load, meeting the needs of high-voltage applications. Under the same power requirement, outputting high voltage by connecting battery packs in series can reduce the output current, reduce the conductor cross-sectional area requirement and line transmission loss, and improve the efficiency of the battery system 3000. The controller can also control the switching state of the first contact group to connect at least two battery packs in parallel, which can significantly improve the battery life. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, another battery pack can be selected to supply power, improving the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0298] by Figure 18 The seventh switch is used as an example for illustration. The switch circuit 202 may include a seventh switch K6, which includes at least a first contact group and a second contact group.

[0299] The first contact group is used to control at least two battery packs connected in series; the second contact group is used to control at least two battery packs connected in parallel; the seventh switch K6 is used to control at least two of the battery packs connected in series or in parallel.

[0300] This application implements a system that connects multiple battery packs in parallel to the power supply circuit by setting a contact switch, which can save on switching devices and reduce the space occupied by the switching circuit.

[0301] It should be noted that, Figure 18 In the example shown, contacts 3, 6, 5, and 1 correspond to the first contact group, and contacts 1, 2, 3, and 4 correspond to the second contact group.

[0302] The controller 1200 can control the switching state of each group of contacts in the seventh switch K6 to control at least two battery packs connected in series or in parallel. This allows the corresponding battery pack 101 to be connected in series according to the power or voltage of the load, meeting the needs of high-voltage applications. Furthermore, under the same power requirements, the high voltage output by connecting the battery pack 101 in series can reduce the output current, decrease the conductor cross-sectional area requirement and line transmission loss, and improve the efficiency of the battery system.

[0303] The controller 1200 can also control the connection state of the first contact group to enable at least two battery packs to be connected in parallel, which can significantly improve the driving range. It can also balance the load current by connecting in parallel, reduce the charging and discharging pressure of a single battery pack 101, avoid local overheating or overload of the battery system, extend the overall life of the battery system, and in the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs 101, the other battery pack 101 can be selected to supply power to the outside. Furthermore, it is beneficial to replace the faulty battery in the battery system individually, reduce maintenance costs, and improve the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0304] Taking a battery pack where both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 have a 400V output as an example, under normal power supply conditions for the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 320, if... Figure 18 As shown in a), by controlling the connection of contacts 3 and 6, and contacts 1 and 5 of the seventh switch K6, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in series to provide an 800V voltage. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, such as... Figure 18 As shown in b), a 400V voltage can be supplied through the second battery pack 400 by disconnecting contact 3 and contact 6 and connecting contact 1 and contact 2. In case of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, such as... Figure 18 As shown in c), by disconnecting contact 3 and contact 6, contact 3 is connected to contact 4 to provide a 400V voltage through the first battery pack 300. Combined with... Figure 18 As shown in Example d), when the required voltage at the output terminal 501 is 400V, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 320 are normal, by controlling the disconnection between contact 3 and contact 6, connecting contact 3 with contact 4, and connecting contact 1 with contact 2, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in parallel to provide a voltage of 400V.

[0305] In this embodiment of the application, contact switches are used to control the series and parallel connection of at least two battery packs, which can save switching devices and reduce the space occupied by the switching circuit.

[0306] In some embodiments, see Figure 19 As shown, the battery system 3000 in this embodiment includes a first battery pack 300 and a second battery pack 400. The first battery pack 300 provides a first voltage to the high-voltage output port 510 through a first power supply circuit 210 and a second voltage to the low-voltage output port 520 through a second power supply circuit 220.

[0307] In this embodiment, the first power supply circuit 210 may include a main positive relay K43 and a main negative relay K41. The controller controls the switching state of the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210. The main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 control the power supply state of the battery system 3000 to the first load 610. When the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 are on, the battery system 3000 is controlled to supply power to the high voltage output port 510. When the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 are off, the battery system 3000 is controlled to stop supplying power to the high voltage output port 510.

[0308] In some embodiments, see Figure 19 As shown, the switching circuit 202 includes a second switch K11, a third switch K21, and a third switch K22. The second switch K11 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. The switching state of the second switch K11 is controlled by the controller, which can control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series. The third switch K21 is connected between the positive terminal of the first battery pack 300 and the positive busbar of the battery. The third switch K22 is connected between the negative terminal of the second battery pack 400 and the negative busbar of the battery. The switching states of the third switches K21 and K22 are controlled by the controller, which can control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in parallel.

[0309] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 19 As shown, the second switch K11 is connected between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. When the second switch K11 is turned on, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series. When the second switch K11 is turned off and the third switches K21 and K22 are turned on, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel.

[0310] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 19 As shown, the negative terminal of the first battery pack 300 is connected to the negative battery bus via the first fuse F11. The first fuse F11 and the first battery pack 300 are connected in series to detect the current flowing through the first battery pack 300. If the current flowing through the first battery pack 300 exceeds a preset current threshold, the first fuse F11 can blow, thereby improving the safety of the battery system 3000.

[0311] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 19As shown, the positive terminal of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the positive bus of the battery via the second fuse F12. The second fuse F12 and the first battery pack 300 are connected in series to detect the current flowing through the first battery pack 300. If the current flowing through the first battery pack 300 exceeds a preset current threshold, the second fuse F12 can blow, thereby improving the safety of the battery system 3000.

[0312] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 19 As shown, the battery system 3000 also includes a pre-charging circuit 531 and a DC charging circuit 532. The DC charging circuit 532 is connected between the pre-charging circuit 531 and the DC charging terminal 530. The pre-charging circuit 531 is connected in parallel with the main positive relay K43. When the DC charging terminal 530 is connected to a DC charging pile, the charging pile can charge the battery pack 101 through the DC charging circuit 532 and the pre-charging circuit 531.

[0313] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 19 As shown, the pre-charge circuit 531 includes a pre-charge switch K42 and a pre-charge resistor R41. The pre-charge switch K42 and the pre-charge resistor R41 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the main positive relay K43.

[0314] In this embodiment, the high-voltage system load side typically contains a large-capacity capacitor. If the main positive relay K43 is closed directly, the battery pack may charge the capacitor instantaneously, causing a current spike and damaging the relay contacts or the capacitor. The pre-charge switch K42 and pre-charge resistor R41 are connected in series. During the pre-charge phase, the pre-charge switch K42 is on and the main positive relay K43 is off. The current is limited by the pre-charge resistor R41, slowly charging the capacitor and keeping the current within a safe range. After pre-charging is complete, the capacitor voltage approaches the battery pack voltage, and then the main positive relay K43 is closed, allowing the high-voltage system to enter normal operating mode. This reduces the impact on the load devices caused by powering on the high-voltage output port 510.

[0315] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 19 As shown, the DC charging circuit 532 includes a positive charging relay K51 and a negative charging relay K52. The positive terminal of the DC charging terminal 530 is connected to the main positive relay K43 via the positive charging relay K51, and the negative terminal of the DC charging terminal 530 is connected to the main negative relay K41 via the negative charging relay K52.

[0316] In this embodiment, the controller controls the switching states of the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to control the process of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 supplying power to the high-voltage output port 510. The controller controls the switching states of the charging positive relay K51 and the charging negative relay K52 to control the charging process of the battery pack 101.

[0317] In some embodiments, the first load 610 is taken as the high-voltage drive load of the vehicle, and the output voltages of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are both described as a first voltage. If the output voltages of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are both 400V, then the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in series is 800V. Thus, in driving mode, the controller can control the operating state of the switching circuit 202 to connect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series. The series-connected battery pack 101 can provide an 800V supply voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210, so that the drive system operates with an 800V operating voltage. If the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the control switch circuit 202 will bypass the first battery pack 300, and the second battery pack 400 will supply 400V to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210. Alternatively, if the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the control switch circuit 202 will bypass the first battery pack 300, and the first battery pack 300 will supply 400V to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210, allowing the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power for the drive loads in the vehicle, meeting the normal operating requirements of the drive system. In the event of a malfunction in one battery pack, at least one other battery pack can simultaneously provide the first voltage to the first load 610 and the second voltage to the second load 620, achieving redundancy in the vehicle's power supply and electronic control power supply. This is beneficial for improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system, and enhancing vehicle safety.

[0318] The abnormal situations in the previous example specifically refer to situations where the battery system cannot supply power to the first or second load normally, including but not limited to: battery pack failure, individual battery cell failure within the battery pack, and failure of the power supply circuit connected to the battery pack.

[0319] In charging mode, the controller can control the switching circuit 202 to make the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 compatible with 400V and 800V charging piles. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 400V, the controller controls the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in parallel. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 800V, the controller controls the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series.

[0320] Combination Figure 19As shown, the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is 400V. In driving mode, if the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are both normal, the second switch K11 can be turned on, the third switches K21 and K22 can be turned off, the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 can be turned on, the charging positive relay K51 and the charging negative relay K52 can be turned off, and the voltage of the high voltage output port 510 is 800V, so that the drive system operates with 800V as the working voltage.

[0321] In this embodiment, if the first battery pack 300 malfunctions while the second battery pack 400 functions normally, the second switch K11 and the third switch K21 are disconnected, and the third switch K22 is turned on. The second battery pack 400 then supplies 400V to the high-voltage output port 510 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power for the drive loads in the vehicle, meets the normal operation requirements of the drive system, and improves the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0322] If the second battery pack 400 malfunctions while the first battery pack 300 is functioning normally, the third switch K21 is turned on, and the third switch K22 and the second switch K11 are turned off. The first battery pack 300 then supplies 400V to the high-voltage output port 510 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power for the drive loads in the vehicle, meets the normal operation requirements of the drive system, and improves the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0323] In charging mode, the battery system 3000 is compatible with 400V and 800V charging piles for charging. If the DC charging terminal 530 is connected to a 400V charging pile, the third switch K21 and the third switch K22 are turned on, the second switch K11 is turned off, the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51 and the negative charging relay K52 are closed, and the DC charging terminal 530 charges the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by providing a 400V charging voltage to them.

[0324] If the DC charging terminal 530 is connected to an 800V charging pile, the third switch K21 and the third switch K22 are open, the second switch K11 is closed, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The DC charging terminal 530 charges the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in series by providing an 800V charging voltage.

[0325] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 19 As shown, the second power supply circuit 220 includes a voltage conversion circuit 201. The first terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the first terminal of the main negative relay K41 are connected to the first side of the voltage conversion circuit 201. The second terminal of the positive relay K43 and the second terminal of the main negative relay K41 are connected to the high voltage output port 510. The controller controls the voltage conversion circuit 201 to convert the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the first terminal of the main negative relay K41 into a second voltage and output it to the low voltage output port 520.

[0326] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 19 As shown, the switching circuit 202 includes a second switch K11, a third switch K23, and a third switch K24. The controller can turn on the second switch K11, causing the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series. The output voltage of the second battery pack 400 can be the same as or different from the output voltage of the first battery pack 300.

[0327] In this embodiment, by connecting the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series, and controlling the third switch K23 to be open and the third switch K24 to be open, the series-connected first battery pack 300 and second battery pack 400 can provide high voltage to the high-voltage output port 520 and output it to the first load 610. Simultaneously, the second battery pack 400 provides a second voltage to the low-voltage output port 520 via the voltage conversion circuit 201 in the second power supply circuit 220. The controller also controls the voltage conversion circuit to convert the high voltage provided by the series-connected first battery pack 300 and second battery pack 400 into the second voltage and output it to the low-voltage output port 520. If the output voltage of the second battery pack 400 is the second voltage, connecting the second battery pack 400 to the voltage conversion circuit 201 allows the low-voltage output port 520 and the voltage conversion circuit 201 to share a common ground, reducing the safety hazards caused by the second battery pack 400 and the low-voltage output port 520 not sharing a common ground, and improving the vehicle's electrical safety.

[0328] In some embodiments, the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the second battery pack 400 is a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage. The voltage conversion circuit 201 can be a bidirectional voltage conversion circuit. The controller can realize the energy conversion between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by controlling the switching state of the switching circuit 202, and the second battery pack 400 can also provide the first voltage to the high-voltage output port 510 via the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0329] In this embodiment, the controller controls the second switch K11 and the third switch K24 to open, thereby disconnecting the second battery pack 400 from the first battery pack 300 and allowing both the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 to discharge externally. The controller controls the third switch K23 to open, allowing the first battery pack 300 to supply power to the high-voltage output port 510 via the main positive relay 43 and the main negative relay 41. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the controller can control the third switch K23 to open, and the controller controls the voltage conversion circuit 201 to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage, which is then output to the high-voltage output port 510 via the first power supply circuit 210. When the charge of the first battery pack 300 is lower than the threshold charge, the controller can turn on the third switch K23 and turn off the second switch K11 and the third switch K24, and control the voltage conversion circuit 201 to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into the first voltage to charge the first battery pack 300, thereby replenishing the first battery pack 300 and improving the battery system 3000's range.

[0330] In some embodiments, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected to the first load 610 to output a first voltage to the first load 610; the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected to the voltage conversion circuit 201, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are used to output a second voltage to the second load 620 through the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0331] In some embodiments, the first load 610 is used as the high-voltage drive load of the vehicle, and the output voltage of at least two battery packs is described as the first voltage. The controller can control the working state of the switching circuit 202 to connect at least two battery packs in series. In this way, high voltage can be provided to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit, so that the vehicle can drive in high-voltage drive mode.

[0332] In some embodiments, when the controller controls the operation of the switching circuit 202 to connect at least two battery packs in series, if one of the battery packs malfunctions, the malfunctioning battery pack is bypassed by controlling the operation of the switching circuit 202, allowing other normal battery packs to be connected in series. At least one normal battery pack from the at least two battery packs is selected to supply power to the first load 610, thereby enabling multiple battery packs to meet both high-voltage application scenarios and provide high-voltage power supply redundancy for the first load 610, thus improving the stability of the vehicle's internal drive system.

[0333] In some embodiments, the first power supply circuit may include a main positive relay and a main negative relay, and the controller controls the switching state of the main positive relay and the main negative relay, so that at least two battery packs can supply power to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit, and the first load 610 may be a high-voltage load in the vehicle.

[0334] In some embodiments, the high-voltage load in the vehicle may include at least one of the vehicle's front-wheel drive system and the vehicle's rear-wheel drive system. The vehicle's front-wheel drive system can be used to drive the vehicle's front wheels to move forward, backward, and steer, while the vehicle's rear-wheel drive system can be used to drive the vehicle's rear wheels to move forward, backward, and steer.

[0335] In some embodiments, the first power supply circuit 2101, ..., the first power supply circuit 210i can be the same power supply.

[0336] In some embodiments, the second power supply circuit 2201, ..., the second power supply circuit 220i can be the same power supply circuit.

[0337] In some embodiments, at least two battery packs include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs; where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and m is a positive integer; the output voltage of the third battery packs is greater than the output voltage of the fourth battery packs; the voltages of the n third battery packs are equal, and the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load 610 through n first power supply circuits 210; the m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through two second power supply circuits 220.

[0338] In this embodiment, n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load 610 through n first power supply circuits 210, and m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through two second power supply circuits 220. If one of the battery packs 101 malfunctions, another battery pack 101 can be selected to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0339] In some embodiments, see Figure 20 As shown, the battery system 3000 includes a third battery pack 331, a third battery pack 332, and a fourth battery pack 341. The fourth battery pack 341 is connected to a main positive relay and a main negative relay via a voltage conversion circuit 201. The controller can control the voltage conversion circuit 201 to convert the second voltage provided by the fourth battery pack 31 into a first voltage, and output it to the high voltage output port 510 via the main positive relay and the main negative relay to supply power to the first load 610.

[0340] In this embodiment, the third battery pack 331 and the third battery pack 332 can be connected in series via the second switch K11, and can also be connected in parallel via the third switches K21 and K22. Furthermore, the voltage conversion circuit 202 can convert the first voltage provided by the third battery pack 331 and the third battery pack 332 into a second voltage, which is then output to the low-voltage power supply terminal 520 to power the second load 620. The voltage conversion circuit 203 can also convert the first voltage provided by the third battery pack 331 and the third battery pack 332 into a second voltage, which is then output to the low-voltage power supply terminal 520 to power the second load 620. If any one of the battery packs 101 or voltage conversion circuit 201 malfunctions, another battery pack 101 can be selected to output a first voltage to the high-voltage output port 510 through a corresponding power supply circuit to power the first load 610. In addition, another battery pack 101 can be selected to output a second voltage to the low-voltage output port 520 through a corresponding power supply circuit to power the second load 620. This reduces the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 610 and the second load 620. Thus, it is determined that both the first load 610 and the second load 620 can have at least two power supply circuits to supply them, which is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0341] In some embodiments, the output voltage of the third battery pack 331 and the third battery pack 332 is 400V, for Figure 20The working principle of the battery system 3000 is explained below. The controller can turn on the second switch K11 and turn off the third switches K21 and K22. The third battery pack 331 and the third battery pack 332 are connected in series. The battery pack 101 connected in series can output a second voltage to the low voltage output port 520 through the voltage conversion circuit 201. It can also output an 800V power supply voltage to the high voltage output port 510 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to supply power to the first load 610. If any of the third battery pack 331, voltage conversion circuit 202, fourth battery pack 341, and voltage conversion circuit 201 malfunctions, or if all of them malfunction simultaneously, the third battery pack 332 can provide a second voltage to the low-voltage output port 520 through the voltage conversion circuit 203 to power the second load 620. Furthermore, when the third battery pack 331 malfunctions, the controller can control the third switch K21 to turn on and the second switch K11 and the third switch K22 to turn off. The third battery pack 332 will then output a 400V power supply voltage to the high-voltage output port 510 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to power the first load 610. This improves the power supply stability of the vehicle during driving, realizes the redundancy setting of the vehicle's power supply and electronic control power supply, and enhances the vehicle's safety.

[0342] In some embodiments, the third battery pack 331 and the third battery pack 332 may be the first battery pack 300, and the fourth battery pack 341 may be the second battery pack 400.

[0343] In some embodiments, at least two battery packs include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs; where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and m is a positive integer; the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load 610 through two first power supply circuits 210; the m fourth battery packs have equal voltages and provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through m second power supply circuits 220.

[0344] In this embodiment, n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load 610 through two first power supply circuits 210, and m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through m second power supply circuits 220. If one of the battery packs 101 malfunctions, another battery pack 101 can be selected to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0345] In some embodiments, at least two battery packs include n third battery packs; n≥2; the n third battery packs are used to output a first voltage to a first load 610 through at least two first power supply circuits 210; some individual cells in the n third battery packs are used to output a second voltage to a second load 620 through at least two second power supply circuits 220.

[0346] In this embodiment, n third battery packs are used to output a first voltage to a first load 610 through at least two first power supply circuits 210; some individual battery cells in the n third battery packs are used to output a second voltage to a second load 620 through at least two second power supply circuits 220. If some individual battery cells in one of the third battery packs malfunction, other normal individual battery cells in the third battery pack can be selected to output a second voltage to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit 220. This also facilitates the individual replacement of faulty batteries, reduces maintenance costs, and improves the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0347] In some embodiments, see Figure 21 As shown, the battery system 3000 includes a third battery pack 331, a fourth battery pack 341, and a fourth battery pack 342. The positive terminal of the fourth battery pack 342 is connected to the positive busbar via a third switch K21, and the negative terminal of the fourth battery pack 342 is connected to the negative busbar via a first fuse F11. The positive terminal of the fourth battery pack 341 is connected to the positive busbar via a second fuse F12, and the negative terminal of the fourth battery pack 341 is connected to the negative busbar via a third switch K22. Furthermore, the negative terminal of the fourth battery pack 341 is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth battery pack 342 via a second switch K11. The positive terminal of the third battery pack 331 is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage output port 511 via a main positive relay K45, and the negative terminal of the third battery pack 331 is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage output port 511 via a main negative relay K44. A pre-charge switch K46 and a pre-charge resistor R42 are connected in series and then in parallel with the main positive relay K45.

[0348] In this embodiment, the positive terminal of the third battery pack 331 and the positive terminal of the fourth battery pack 341 are connected via a third switch K4. The third battery pack 331 can supply power to the first load 610 by providing a first voltage to the high-voltage output port 511, and the fourth battery packs 341 and 342 can supply power to the first load 610 by providing a first voltage to the high-voltage output port 510. Multiple high-voltage output ports can be provided within the battery system 3000. High-voltage output ports 511 and 510 can supply power to the front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system of the vehicle, respectively. When one drive system experiences a power supply abnormality, the other drive system can take over the vehicle's power, achieving redundancy in the vehicle's power supply and electronic control power supply, thus improving vehicle safety.

[0349] In some embodiments, the output voltage of the third battery pack 331, the fourth battery pack 341, and the fourth battery pack 342 is 400V. Figure 17The working principle of the battery system 3000 is explained as follows: In the vehicle driving mode, the third switch K21, the third switch K4 and the third switch K22 are turned off, the second switch K11 is turned on, and the fourth battery pack 341 and the fourth battery pack 342 are connected in series, thereby providing a voltage of 800V to the high voltage output port 510 to provide a power supply voltage of 800V to the first load 610, so that the drive system operates with 800V as the working voltage.

[0350] If any one of the third battery pack 331, the fourth battery pack 341, or the fourth battery pack 342 malfunctions, the control switch circuit 202 will bypass the faulty battery pack 101, allowing the normal battery pack 101 to supply 400V to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210. For example, if the third battery pack 331 malfunctions, the control main positive relay K45, the precharge relay K46, and the third switch K4 will be turned off, allowing the fourth battery pack 341 and the fourth battery pack 342 to supply 400V to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210. Load 610 provides 400V, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. In the event of an abnormality in the fourth battery pack 341, the third switch K22 and the second switch K11 are turned off. The fourth battery pack 342 then provides 400V to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit 210, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power for the drive loads in the vehicle, meets the normal operation requirements of the drive system in the vehicle, and improves the power supply stability of the battery system 3000.

[0351] In charging mode, the controller can control the second switch K11, the third switch K22, and the third switch K21 to make the fourth battery pack 341 and the fourth battery pack 342 compatible with both 400V and 800V charging piles. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 400V, the controller controls the fourth battery pack 341 and the fourth battery pack 342 to be connected in parallel. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 800V, the controller controls the fourth battery pack 341 and the fourth battery pack 342 to be connected in series.

[0352] In charging mode, the battery system 3000 is compatible with 400V and 800V charging piles. If the DC charging terminal 530 is connected to a 400V charging pile, the third switch K21 and the third switch K22 are turned on, the second switch K11 is turned off, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The DC charging terminal 530 charges the third battery pack 331, the fourth battery pack 341, and the fourth battery pack 342 by providing a 400V charging voltage.

[0353] If the DC charging terminal 530 is connected to an 800V charging pile, the third switch K21, the third switch K22, and the third switch K4 are open, the second switch K11 is closed, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The DC charging terminal 530 provides an 800V charging voltage to the fourth battery pack 341 and the fourth battery pack 342 connected in series, thereby charging the fourth battery pack 341 and the fourth battery pack 342.

[0354] In some embodiments, at least two of the battery packs include a first battery pack 300 and a second battery pack 400, the first battery pack 300 including a plurality of first battery cells 310, and the second battery pack 400 including a plurality of second battery cells 410.

[0355] In the battery device / battery system 3000 of this application embodiment, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 each independently include one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery, and at least one of the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 includes a secondary battery.

[0356] Optionally, both the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 include a secondary battery.

[0357] Further optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

[0358] In the above solutions, secondary batteries can be repeatedly charged and discharged hundreds to thousands of times. They have low energy cost per cycle and high energy density, making them suitable for scenarios requiring long-term battery life (such as electric vehicles, mobile phones, and energy storage power stations). Secondary batteries offer a wide range of material systems to choose from, with different chemical systems meeting diverse needs and adapting to various scenarios (automotive starting batteries, UPS power supplies, electric vehicles, drones, energy storage power stations, electric buses, hybrid vehicles, emergency equipment, etc.).

[0359] Lithium-ion batteries, depending on the form of the electrolyte, can include: lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion polymer batteries, and solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Sodium-ion batteries include sodium-ion batteries and sodium metal batteries.

[0360] Supercapacitors are suitable for scenarios requiring instantaneous high power, such as electric vehicle acceleration / braking energy recovery, power grid frequency regulation, and UPS power supply instantaneous compensation; they can meet the needs of frequent charging and discharging, such as power tools and crane lifting systems; and in extreme temperature environments, such as aerospace and polar equipment, the power and charging and discharging capabilities of supercapacitors can still be effectively utilized.

[0361] In some embodiments, the combination of the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 may include: secondary battery + primary battery; secondary battery + secondary battery; secondary battery + supercapacitor.

[0362] In some embodiments, depending on the requirements, the following different battery system combinations can be selected to achieve complementary advantages of different battery systems:

[0363] Combination (1): Energy replenishment scheme, the first battery cell 310 is a fast-charging, high-safety, low-temperature, high-power or long-life battery cell, and the second battery cell 410 is a high-energy-density battery cell.

[0364] When applied in vehicles, the first battery pack 300 can serve as the main battery pack, and the second battery cell can serve as an auxiliary battery pack. High-energy-density individual cells, due to their high energy density, can increase driving range and do not require frequent charging. They are suitable for providing emergency power to the main battery pack or for direct emergency use in case of main pack failure, thus alleviating range anxiety to some extent.

[0365] High-energy-density battery cells possess high volumetric energy density or gravimetric energy density; this embodiment primarily relates to volumetric energy density. In some embodiments, the high-energy-density battery cell can be an anode-free battery cell (AFB). Optionally, the anode-free battery cell can include a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell. Further optionally, the aforementioned lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate anode-free battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate anode-free battery cell, ternary anode-free battery cell, and hybrid cathode anode-free battery cell. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide.

[0366] When the second battery cell 410 is a battery cell without a negative electrode, the first battery cell 310 can be a fast-charging battery cell. Its fast-charging capability can significantly shorten the charging time, solve the user's range anxiety, and make electric vehicles more practical for urban commuting and long-distance driving.

[0367] The first battery cell 310 can also be a high-safety battery cell, which can improve vehicle safety to a certain extent, reduce accidents, and protect user safety.

[0368] The first battery cell 310 can also be a low-temperature battery cell, maintaining high capacity and charge / discharge efficiency even in low-temperature environments, ensuring normal device operation. Furthermore, because low-temperature batteries maintain better performance at low temperatures, they can provide continuous power to devices for a longer period compared to ordinary batteries under the same low-temperature environment and usage conditions. Using low-temperature batteries can effectively improve the driving range of vehicles in cold weather, enhancing the convenience and reliability of travel.

[0369] The first battery cell 310 can also be a high-power battery cell. High-power battery cells can respond quickly to charging and discharging needs, release a large amount of electrical energy in a short time, provide strong power for the vehicle, significantly improve driving power performance and experience, and are more suitable for vehicles with frequent start-stop needs.

[0370] The first battery cell 310 can also be a long-life battery cell. Using a long-life battery can enable the vehicle to operate stably for a long time and reduce costs.

[0371] In other embodiments, there may be combinations such as:

[0372] Combination (2): The first battery cell 310 is a low-voltage battery cell, and the second battery cell 410 is a low-temperature battery cell or a long-life battery cell.

[0373] Combination (3): The first battery cell 310 is a fast-charging battery cell, the second battery cell 410 is a low-temperature battery cell, the first battery pack 300 is the main battery pack, and the second battery pack 400 is the auxiliary battery pack.

[0374] Combination (4): The first battery cell 310 is a long-life battery cell, the second battery cell 410 is a high-temperature battery cell or a fast-charging battery cell, the first battery pack 300 is the main battery pack, and the second battery pack 400 is the auxiliary battery pack.

[0375] It is understandable that in battery devices used in vehicles, the main battery pack needs to meet daily mileage requirements, and this can be, but is not limited to, long-life battery packs, fast-charging battery packs, high-temperature battery packs, low-temperature battery packs, high-power battery packs, etc. At the same time, battery packs with special performance characteristics can be selected as auxiliary battery packs, such as high-temperature battery packs, low-temperature battery packs, high-energy-density battery packs, etc.

[0376] In some embodiments, the battery device employs a first battery pack 300 and a second battery pack 400 with different chemical systems, meaning that the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 have different chemical systems. Here, "different chemical systems" means that at least one of the positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, or electrolyte form is different between the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410. Batteries with different chemical systems have different performance characteristics, enabling complementary advantages to adapt to a wider range of application scenarios.

[0377] In some embodiments, in the first battery pack 300, which serves as the main battery pack, the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell 310 is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the first battery pack 300 is not less than 40kWh. As the main battery pack, the first battery pack 300, with a total capacity of not less than 40kWh, corresponds to a range of 300-350km, which can meet the needs of daily commuting. The second battery pack 400 can be selected from fast-charging battery packs, high-temperature battery packs, low-temperature battery packs, high-energy-density battery packs, high-safety battery packs, etc., to meet different scenario requirements.

[0378] In some embodiments, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0379] (1) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell 410 is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack 400 is not less than 20kWh;

[0380] (2) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell 410 is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack 400 is not less than 40kWh;

[0381] (3) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell 410 is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack 400 is not less than 60kWh.

[0382] Optionally, within the battery pack housing, the space utilization ratio of the first battery pack 300 to the second battery pack 400 is 0.05 to 10. Optionally, the space utilization ratio is 0.1 to 8.0, or 0.12 to 6.0. Further optionally, the space utilization ratio is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0.

[0383] In the above embodiment, the first battery pack 300 is used as the main pack, and the second battery pack 400 is used as an auxiliary pack. Preferably, the volume of the first battery pack 300 is larger than that of the second battery pack 400, with a space utilization ratio of less than 5. This allows for efficient layout of the main battery pack, enabling the entire battery pack to better meet daily mileage requirements, while also providing necessary space for the second battery pack 400 to ensure it is not too small and can provide sufficient power in special circumstances, thus balancing the performance of the main pack with special needs.

[0384] In some embodiments, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 are each independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII:

[0385] (1) Battery cell I, which has high specific energy and its volumetric energy density is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion cell also includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide; optionally, at least one battery cell I is a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell.

[0386] (2) Battery cell II, which has fast charging performance, and at 25°C, the equivalent charging rate of 10%SOC-80%SOC is greater than or equal to 2C. Optionally, the equivalent charging rate of battery cell II of 10%SOC-80%SOC is above 2.5C. Further optionally, the equivalent charging rate of battery cell II of 10%-80%SOC is above 4C.

[0387] (3) Battery cell III, the battery cell III has high safety and the thermal runaway temperature is not lower than 250℃; and / or, the overcharge boundary of battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC;

[0388] (4) Battery cell IV, which has good low-temperature performance, and the charging time from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10℃ is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20℃ and charged at 0.33C is above 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, and the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

[0389] (5) Battery cell V, battery cell V is an ultra-high power battery cell, which is discharged to the lower limit cutoff voltage at 5C rate under 50% SOC. For example, the lower limit cutoff voltage of LFP is 2.0V, and the lower limit cutoff voltage of NCM is generally 2.5V.

[0390] The discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, when the battery cell V is at 50% SOC, it discharges at 3.5C for 10s, and the DC resistance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600 W / kg and 5000W / kg.

[0391] (6) Battery cell VI, which has a long lifespan. When the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of battery cell VI shall not be less than 3,000; optionally, not less than 4,000.

[0392] (7) Battery cell VII, battery cell VII has excellent high temperature performance. When stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell 410 is not less than 95%; and / or, when stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell 410 is not less than 98%.

[0393] In some embodiments, the energy density of a single lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0394] Optionally, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide.

[0395] Optionally, the olivine phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate;

[0396] Optionally, the ratio of the number of moles of nickel to the total number of moles of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide is 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.7 or more.

[0397] Among them, "lithium iron phosphate" and "lithium manganese iron phosphate" refer to substances with lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate as the main body. It can be understood that it also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate matrix. The doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, and the coating materials can be carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, etc.

[0398] In some embodiments, when the second battery cell 410 is a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, in addition to having a high volumetric energy density, the electrodeless battery cell can also have excellent electrochemical performance by selecting the positive electrode active material. For example, the positive electrode active material and the achievable energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be:

[0399] (1) The positive electrode active material of lithium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the VED range of lithium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell is 450~700Wh / L.

[0400] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode is 650~2000Wh / L.

[0401] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the lithium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell is 800~2000Wh / L.

[0402] Specifically, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and spinel-phase lithium-manganese-based oxide. Among them, olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate has a stable olivine structure, and during charge and discharge, the crystal structure changes little during lithium-ion insertion and extraction, maintaining structural stability and thus exhibiting excellent cycle performance. Optionally, the olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate. Taking nickel-cobalt-manganese as an example, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide can achieve good cycle performance by optimizing the element ratio, and the higher the nickel content, the higher the energy density. Optionally, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide contains nickel, and the molar ratio of nickel to the total molar ratio of the transition metal elements is 0.5 or higher, and more preferably 0.7 or higher. This gives the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell a higher energy density.

[0403] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0404] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0405] (2) The thickness range of the current collector is 3μm~8μm;

[0406] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0407] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa~1600MPa;

[0408] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and even more preferably, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

[0409] Using current collectors as negative electrodes not only significantly reduces battery costs but also enables batteries to achieve higher energy density. Specifically, the material of the negative electrode current collector in a negative electrode-free battery cell is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foils, such as copper foil.

[0410] Optionally, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm. Current collectors within this thickness range are lightweight, which can improve energy density, reduce internal resistance, and optimize charge and discharge performance. Optionally, the surface roughness of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell is less than or equal to 0.3 μm, for example, 0.1 to 0.3 μm. The lower the roughness of the negative electrode current collector, the more uniform deposition sites it can provide for metal ions, which can better promote uniform metal deposition, reduce the probability of lithium dendrite formation, and improve the quality of the metal deposition layer. Optionally, the tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell can be from 400 MPa to 1600 MPa, for example, the tensile strength can be within the range of 400 MPa to 500 MPa, 500 MPa to 800 MPa, 800 MPa to 1000 MPa, 1000 MPa to 1200 MPa, 1200 MPa to 1600 MPa, etc. Higher tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector can better improve the structural stability of the battery cell, thereby extending battery life. Optionally, at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell is provided with a lithium metal layer. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer ranges from 3 μm to 30 μm, and more preferably, the thickness ranges from 5 μm to 25 μm. The lithium metal layer can reduce polarization, improve interface performance, and guide uniform lithium ion deposition.

[0411] Coating weight refers to the amount of active material coated per unit area on the current collector. By combining different types of active materials and setting a certain range of coating weights on the electrodes, the specific energy of the battery can be improved.

[0412] In some embodiments, the second battery cell 410 comprises a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode active material of its positive electrode sheet comprises lithium iron phosphate, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet can be in the range of 0.2~0.4g / 1540.25mm. 2 Specifically, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet can range from 0.2 to 0.35 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 Within this range, it is beneficial to improve cycle life, or it can be 0.35~0.4g / 1540.25mm. 2 This range is conducive to further improving the specific energy of lithium iron phosphate electrodeless battery cells.

[0413] In this embodiment of the application, the second battery cell 410, a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode, exhibits good cycle performance under charge-discharge conditions at a certain rate. For example:

[0414] (1) The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of more than 100 cycles. Optionally, the cycle life is 150~400 cycles.

[0415] (2) The lithium-ion battery without negative electrode is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%, and the cycle life is above 200 cycles. Optionally, the cycle life is 200~550 cycles.

[0416] (3) The lithium-ion battery without negative electrode is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and the cycle life is more than 550 cycles.

[0417] Among these, the charging rate, usually denoted by "C," is a crucial indicator of battery charging speed and represents the ratio of the battery's charging current to its rated capacity. The discharging rate, similarly denoted by "C," measures the battery's discharging speed and also represents the ratio of the battery's discharging current to its rated capacity. The depth of discharge (DOD) is an important parameter for measuring the battery's state of discharge; it refers to the percentage of the battery's rated capacity that has been discharged during use, reflecting the extent of energy released from a fully charged state to its current state of discharge. By applying these charging and discharging rates, lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells exhibit better cycle life within a lower depth of discharge range.

[0418] The following are four further schemes combining different chemical systems:

[0419] Option 1: High specific energy system combination. The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell 410 is greater than that of the first battery cell 310. The second battery pack 400 includes at least the aforementioned battery cell I, i.e., the high specific energy battery cell. The first battery pack 300 includes at least one or more of the aforementioned battery cells II, IV, and VI. That is, the first battery pack 300 may include fast-charging, long-life, and low-temperature battery cells.

[0420] In the high-energy-density system combination scheme, optionally, the second battery pack 400 includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, ternary battery cell without negative electrode, hybrid cathode battery cell without negative electrode, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery. The first battery pack 300 includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

[0421] Specifically, the combination of the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 is as follows: LFP / LMFP lithium-ion battery + LFP AFB; hybrid cathode + NCM AFB; NCM + NCM AFB; sodium battery + LFP AFB; sodium battery + hybrid cathode; LFP + NCM; LMFP + NCM; LFP and LMFP + NCM; solid-state + NCM AFB.

[0422] In Scheme 1, the second battery cell 410 is an AFB battery cell, and the second battery pack 400 can be used as an auxiliary pack. Due to its high energy density, it can store more energy in a smaller volume, making it suitable as a backup battery pack. When the first battery pack 300 is low on power, it can be charged through a DC-DC converter module. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also achieve high-voltage redundancy through a redundant circuit. When the first battery pack 300 is difficult to use continuously, the second battery pack 400 can be boosted through a DC-DC converter module to supply power to the motor. In addition, the second battery pack 400 itself is a high-voltage battery pack.

[0423] Option 2: Fast charging system combination. The equivalent charging rate of the first battery cell 310 at 10% SOC-80% SOC is greater than that of the second battery cell 410 at 10% SOC-80% SOC. The first battery pack 300 includes at least battery cell II, and the second battery pack 400 includes at least one or more of battery cells IV and VI. In this embodiment, the prerequisite for the equivalent charging rate test is the current redundancy or power redundancy of the charging pile.

[0424] In this fast charging system combination scheme, optionally, the first battery pack 300 includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell; the second battery pack 400 includes at least one of sodium-ion battery, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion cell, solid-state battery cell, and semi-solid-state battery cell.

[0425] In this embodiment, in order to enable the battery system 3000 to have better fast charging performance and a longer service life, the first battery cell 310 is selected from lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, LFP / LMFP fast charging battery cells, and NCM fast charging battery cells with better fast charging performance, and the second battery cell 410 is selected from LFP long-life battery cells, specifically +LFP long-life battery cells.

[0426] In this embodiment, in order to enable the battery system 3000 to have better fast charging performance and take into account safety and low temperature performance, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 can be LFP fast charging / LMFP fast charging battery cell and solid-state battery cell, respectively, or they can be LFP / LMFP fast charging and sodium battery cells.

[0427] In other embodiments, the first battery cell 310 + the second battery cell 410 can also be: NCM fast charging + sodium battery, LFP fast charging / LMFP fast charging + NCM, NCM fast charging + solid-state; hybrid cathode fast charging + sodium battery, hybrid cathode fast charging + NCM, hybrid cathode fast charging + solid-state.

[0428] Option 3: Long-life system combination. Under the same charge and discharge conditions, the cycle life of the first battery cell 310 is more than 1.2 times that of the second battery cell 410. The first battery pack 300 includes at least battery cell VI and long-life battery cells. The second battery pack 400 includes battery cell IV (low-temperature battery cell) and may also include battery cell VII (high-temperature battery cell). It may also include battery cell IV (low-temperature battery cell) and battery cell VII (high-temperature battery cell).

[0429] The first battery cell 310 has a cycle life of 410, and the second battery cell 410 is a high-temperature battery cell or a low-temperature battery cell. The first battery pack 300 is the main pack, and the second battery pack 400 is the auxiliary pack. It can adapt to extremely cold and hot regions while meeting the requirements of a long service life, and can still charge and discharge normally in environments with high or low temperatures.

[0430] In this long-life battery pack design, optionally, the first battery pack 300 includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries, lithium manganese iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries, ternary lithium-ion battery cells, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cells; and the second battery pack 400 includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries, ternary lithium-ion batteries, solid-state battery cells, and semi-solid-state battery cells. This achieves both a long lifespan and safety.

[0431] Further optionally, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 can be: LFP / LMFP fast charging + sodium battery; LFP / LMFP fast charging + LFP long life; LFP fast charging / LMFP fast charging + NCM; LFP fast charging / LMFP fast charging + solid-state; NCM fast charging + sodium battery; NCM fast charging + LFP long life; NCM fast charging + solid-state; hybrid cathode fast charging + sodium battery; hybrid cathode fast charging + NCM; hybrid cathode fast charging + solid-state.

[0432] Option 4: Low-voltage + high-voltage combination. The first battery pack 300 is a high-voltage battery pack, and the second battery pack 400 is a low-voltage battery pack. Optionally, when the first battery pack 300 includes one or more of the following low-voltage battery modules: 12V, 24V, 36V, or 48V, the second battery pack 400 includes at least one or more of the following battery cells: I to VII.

[0433] When this battery device is used in electrical devices, such as vehicles, the first battery pack 300 serves as the main battery pack, and the second battery pack 400 serves as an auxiliary battery pack. The first battery pack 300 not only provides low-voltage power to the vehicle but can also be boosted by a voltage conversion module to provide auxiliary power to the drive system, thereby increasing the range of the battery system 3000. The second battery pack 400 serves as the main energy source for the entire battery system 3000. Together, they significantly enhance the driving capability and range of the battery system 3000. Furthermore, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected via a voltage conversion circuit, allowing them to charge each other. For example, the first battery pack 300 can replenish the energy of the second battery pack 400, enabling the second battery pack 400 to operate for a longer period, thus extending the overall lifespan of the battery system 3000 and further improving the driving range. Additionally, the second battery pack 400 can be boosted by the voltage conversion circuit to output high voltage, powering the motor and further enhancing the battery device's range.

[0434] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 includes multiple high-voltage battery modules, and the total capacity of the second battery pack 400 is not less than 40 kWh. The combined use of multiple high-voltage battery modules can also achieve a redundant design, increasing the reliability and fault tolerance of the battery system 3000 and improving the battery device's range.

[0435] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 may include at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; the battery system further includes: a heating system for regulating the temperature of the second battery pack 400; and a controller for controlling the heating system to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the battery system is in a charging state.

[0436] In some embodiments, the second battery pack may include a plurality of second battery cells 410, some or all of which may be negative electrode-free cells.

[0437] In one embodiment, the heating system can adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 in real time according to the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400, the ambient temperature, and the charging and discharging conditions.

[0438] In some embodiments, the heating system continuously monitors the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 before or during charging. If the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 is less than 40°C, the heating system can be controlled to heat the second battery pack 400 to adjust its temperature, ensuring it is greater than or equal to 40°C, thereby increasing the charging rate of the second battery pack 400. Specifically, the heating system may be a thermal management component.

[0439] Understandably, adjusting the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 to 40°C or above during charging is to improve the charging rate of the second battery pack 400. This can be determined based on information such as the chemical materials of the negative electrode cells in the second battery pack 400, the stability of the SEI film, and the morphology of the negative electrode product.

[0440] In some embodiments, the controller controls the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 to be greater than or equal to 40°C. For example, it can be any of the above-mentioned values ​​or within any range of any two of the following: 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C, 45.5°C, 46°C, 47°C, 48°C, 49°C, 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 57.6°C, 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61°C, 62°C, 63°C, 64°C, 65°C, 66°C, 67°C, 68°C, 69°C, 70°C.

[0441] In some embodiments, the controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the battery system is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.

[0442] In some embodiments, the controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

[0443] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the battery system is in a charging condition; optionally, the first rate ≤ 0.2C.

[0444] It should be noted that the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 mentioned above can be the temperature of the second battery cell 410 in the second battery pack 400, or it can be the overall temperature of the second battery pack 400.

[0445] In specific applications, the above-mentioned battery system may be in a charging state in the following situations, including but not limited to: the first battery pack is connected to the charging device, and the battery system is connected to the charging device.

[0446] A second aspect of this application also provides an electrical device, including a battery system 3000 as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0447] In this embodiment, the electrical device includes the battery system 3000 described in any of the above embodiments. Within the battery system 3000, at least two batteries can each supply a first voltage to the first load 610 through a first power supply circuit. In the event of an anomaly in one battery pack, at least one other battery pack can supply the first voltage to the first load 610 through the first power supply circuit, thereby improving the power supply stability of the first load 610 and reducing the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load 610. On the other hand, at least two battery packs can each supply a second voltage to the second load 620 through a second power supply circuit. In the event of an anomaly in one battery pack, at least one other battery pack can supply power to the second load 620 through the second power supply circuit, thereby improving the power supply stability of the second load 620 and reducing the safety hazards caused by power failure of the second load 620. This ensures that both the first load 610 and the second load 620 have at least two power supply circuits, which is beneficial for improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0448] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load 610 includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0449] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load 620 includes a vehicle control system for body control.

[0450] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC), the battery system 3000 is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

[0451] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load 620.

[0452] Please refer to Figure 22 The vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery system 3000 is installed inside the vehicle, and the battery system 3000 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery system 3000 includes a battery unit 1000, and the battery system 3000 can be used to power the vehicle; for example, the battery system 3000 can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. The vehicle may also include a controller 1200 and a motor. The controller 1200 is used to control the battery system 3000 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0453] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system 3000 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0454] like Figure 20 As shown, the battery system 3000 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack may include multiple individual battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0455] In some embodiments, the battery pack is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0456] As an example, a battery pack can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells together. Alternatively, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0457] In some embodiments, the battery system 3000 further includes a housing in which the battery pack is housed.

[0458] As an example, the battery pack can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0459] As an example, battery packs can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple individual battery cells to the housing.

[0460] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0461] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack.

[0462] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0463] In some embodiments, the battery system 3000 refers to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. The energy storage device includes energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0464] In some embodiments, the battery cell can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0465] Please refer to Figures 23 to 30 In some embodiments, the battery device 1000 includes a housing 100, within which a battery cavity 101 is provided. The battery cavity 101 includes a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012. A first battery pack 300 is disposed in the first battery cavity 1011, and a second battery pack 400 is disposed in the second battery cavity 1012. A partition structure 30 is provided between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. The partition structure 30 is capable of blocking at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in the event of thermal runaway.

[0466] The housing 101 contains a battery cavity 101 and a partition structure 30. The battery cavity 101 is used to accommodate individual battery cells. The partition structure 30 is a structure capable of dividing the internal space of the housing. For example, the partition structure may include partition beams, partition plates, blocks, barrier nets, etc. The partition structure 30 divides the battery cavity 101, so that the battery cavity 101 forms at least one first battery cavity 1011 and one second battery cavity 1012. There are various arrangements of the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. For example, the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the width direction of the housing.

[0467] In some examples, the first battery pack 300 includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs, and the second battery pack 400 includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 may include different battery packs. The first battery cell 310 may refer to a battery cell in the first battery pack 300, and the second battery cell 410 may refer to a battery cell in the second battery pack 400.

[0468] The multiple first battery cells 310 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. In this way, multiple smaller first battery cells 310 are combined into a first battery pack 300 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system 3000.

[0469] The multiple second battery cells 410 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. In this way, multiple smaller second battery cells 410 are combined into a second battery pack 400 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system 3000.

[0470] In some examples, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 may be of the same type or different types.

[0471] As an example, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300 and other battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300.

[0472] When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure substances inside the cell are released as emissions. This allows for pressure relief within the cell under controlled conditions, thereby reducing the risk of potentially more serious accidents. Emissions from the battery cell mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or broken positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of separators, high-temperature, high-pressure gases generated during the reaction, flames, etc.

[0473] The separator structure may include fully sealed and / or semi-sealed components, such that the separator structure can block at least a portion of the emissions emitted after thermal runaway of a single battery cell. For example, the separator structure can at least block particles, including dissolved or fragmented positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the separator, etc.; for example, the separator structure can also be configured to block both particles and gases.

[0474] The separation structure is disposed between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. If the first battery cell 310 in the first battery cavity 1011 experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure can prevent the emissions from flowing into the second battery cavity 1012. If the second battery cell 410 in the second battery cavity 1012 experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure 30 can also prevent the emissions from flowing into the first battery cavity 1011.

[0475] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack 300 is disposed in the first battery cavity 1011, and the second battery pack 400 is disposed in the second battery cavity 1012. A partition structure capable of blocking at least part of the emissions is provided between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway in either the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400, the partition structure can prevent emissions from flowing to the other battery pack, allowing the other battery pack to operate normally and provide power to the electrical device, thereby improving the operational reliability of the battery system 3000. Simultaneously, because a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity 1011, which houses the first battery cell 310, and the second battery cavity 1012, which houses the second battery cell 410, the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery system 3000 caused by thermal runaway of a single battery cell is effectively reduced, and the risk of thermal runaway propagation is also reduced.

[0476] In some embodiments, the partition structure 30 is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012.

[0477] If the separation structure 30 can seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012, then the separation structure can completely block the emissions generated after the thermal runaway of the battery cell, including particles and gases.

[0478] Optionally, the partition structure includes a partition beam that is sealed to the inner wall of the housing to seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012.

[0479] By adopting the above technical solution, the separation structure 30 can seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012, so that there is no gas flow between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. The emissions generated after thermal runaway of one of the first battery cells 310 and the second battery cells 410 will not be discharged into the cavity space of the other, further reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and improving the reliability of the battery system 3000.

[0480] In some embodiments, the housing 100 includes a tray 10 and a cover 20, the cover 20 and the tray 10 are disposed opposite each other along a first direction, and the cover 20 covers the tray; the partition structure 30 divides the housing into a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012, and the partition structure 30 is connected to the cover 20 and the tray 10 on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively.

[0481] The tray 10 and the cover 20 are arranged opposite each other along a first direction and together enclose the receiving space of the box, where the first direction is the height direction of the box. One end of the tray 10 has an opening, and the cover 20 covers the tray and closes the opening. Optionally, the tray 10 includes a base plate and a frame, the base plate and the cover 20 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction, and both ends of the frame are respectively connected to the base plate and the cover. The base plate and the frame can be an integral structure or separate structures that are fixedly connected.

[0482] The cover 20 can be a plate or a box with one end open. When the battery system 3000 is installed in the electrical device, the cover 20 can be a top cover plate located above the tray or a bottom cover plate located below the tray.

[0483] A partition structure 30 is disposed within the housing 100 and is used to divide the housing into a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012. The partition structure enables the first battery cavity 1011 to be fully or partially sealed. The partition structure is connected to a cover and a tray on opposite sides along a first direction. For example, the partition structure includes a partition beam extending along the length of the housing. The two ends of the partition beam along the first direction are connected to the cover and the tray, respectively, and the two ends of the partition beam along its extension direction are connected to the inner wall of the tray. Thus, the partition beam can divide the housing into the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 arranged along its width direction. It is understood that the partition structure can also be other structures. For example, partition structure 30 divides the housing 100 into the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 arranged along its length direction, or the partition structure divides the housing into the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 arranged along the first direction.

[0484] By adopting the above technical solution, the partition structure 30 can connect the cover and the tray, and divide the space inside the box 100 into the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. The partition structure plays the role of spatial isolation and blocking of emissions at the same time, and the structure is simple.

[0485] In some embodiments, the cover seals the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012, and the housing also includes a sealing element, with a sealing element provided between the partition structure and the cover plate, and / or between the partition structure and the tray.

[0486] The space inside the tray can accommodate the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and the cover is sealed on the tray so that the cover can seal the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012.

[0487] The enclosure 100 also includes a sealing element 40, which is a structural component used for sealing. The sealing element 40 can be a gasket, sealing sheet, etc., and the material of the sealing element can be silicone, plastic, fiber, metal, or composite material. The sealing element can seal the gap between the partition structure and the enclosure.

[0488] For example, a seal is provided between the partition structure 30 and the cover 20, so that the seal 40 can seal the gap between the partition structure 30 and the cover 20. For example, if the partition structure 30 is a partition beam fixed in the tray, and the partition structure 30 and the tray are integrally formed, then the seal 40 only needs to be provided between the partition structure and the cover 20.

[0489] For example, a seal is provided between the partition structure 30 and the tray 10, so that the seal can seal the gap between the partition structure and the tray.

[0490] In some embodiments, a sealing element 40 is provided between the cover 20 and the tray 10, which can seal the gap between the cover and the tray, so that the sealing performance between the cover 20 and the tray is better.

[0491] In some embodiments, the seal 40 is an integral structure including a sealing frame and a sealing strip disposed within the sealing frame. The sealing frame is located between the cover and the tray, and the sealing strip is located on one side of the partition structure along the first direction, which not only provides a good sealing effect but also facilitates assembly. It is understood that multiple seals can also be provided separately.

[0492] By providing the sealing element 40, the sealing effect between the partition structure and the cover plate and / or tray can be improved, thereby improving the sealing and isolation effect between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012, reducing the risk of emissions flowing between different cavities and the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0493] In some embodiments, the housing 100 has an output interface 700 for connecting to the power supply circuit of a load; a plurality of first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal 320; a plurality of second battery cells 410 in the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal 420; the housing is further provided with an electrical cavity 102 for accommodating electrical components 200, at least some of the electrical components 200 are electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the output interface 700, at least some of the electrical components 200 are electrically connected to the second main terminal 420 and the output interface 700, and the output interface 700 passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity 102.

[0494] The power supply circuit of the load can refer to the power supply circuit of the load. The output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, and the electrical device can supply power to the load.

[0495] The output interface 700 can refer to the electrical connection interface on the cavity wall of the electrical cavity 102. The output interface 700 can be electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 through some or all of the electrical components 200. The output interface 700 can also be electrically connected to the second main terminal 420 through some or all of the electrical components 200. The output interface 700 is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, so that the electrical energy of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be output to the load to supply power to the load. The output interface 700 is also a connection bridge between the battery system 3000 and the load, and has the function of realizing electrical energy transmission.

[0496] The wall of the electrical cavity 102 is provided with a through hole, and the output interface 700 is sealed and installed in the through hole, and exposed outside the box body, so as to facilitate the electrical connection between the output interface 700 and the load.

[0497] In some examples, output interface 700 may include one or more connectors, and the number of loads may be one or more. Multiple loads may be electrically connected to battery system 3000 through one connector, or multiple loads may be electrically connected to battery system 3000 through multiple connectors. Connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc. Loads may include, but are not limited to, motors, air conditioners, compressors, batteries, etc.

[0498] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the output interface 700 can be directly passed through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity 102, which can shorten the wiring distance.

[0499] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load 610, and the output interface 700 includes a first output interface for accessing the power supply circuit of the first load 610; the electrical component 200 includes a first voltage conversion device, and at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first output interface through the first voltage conversion device to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V.

[0500] The first load 610 can refer to a load with an operating voltage of a first voltage; the first voltage is greater than or equal to 150V, and the first voltage can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, or 1500V. For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, the first voltage is referred to as high voltage, and the first load 610 is referred to as a high voltage load.

[0501] As an example, in a vehicle, loads are divided into high-voltage loads and low-voltage loads. High-voltage loads can include at least one of the vehicle's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system is used to drive the front wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system is used to drive the rear wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer. Low-voltage loads include loads such as the vehicle's electronic control system, in-vehicle refrigerator, in-vehicle air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery.

[0502] The power supply circuit of the first load 610 can refer to the power supply circuit of the first load 610. The first output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 610, and the electrical device can supply power to the first load 610.

[0503] The first output interface may refer to the interface in output interface 700 used for electrical connection with the first load 610. The first output interface is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the first output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 610, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can output to provide the first voltage to the first load 610.

[0504] The voltage at the first main terminal 320 is the output voltage of the first battery pack 300. The voltage at the second main terminal 420 is the output voltage of the second battery pack 400.

[0505] The first voltage conversion device is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the first voltage required by the first load 610, the first voltage conversion device is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the first voltage of the first load 610, the first voltage conversion device may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the first voltage of the first load 610, it may perform a step-up operation. The first voltage conversion device can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc. The first voltage conversion device is a unidirectional voltage conversion module or a bidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0506] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the first load 610 via a first voltage converter, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal 320 into the first voltage so that the first battery pack 300 can supply power to the first load 610.

[0507] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first load 610 via a first voltage converter, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal 420 into the first voltage so that the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 610.

[0508] In some examples, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first load 610 via a first voltage conversion device. The first voltage conversion device is used to convert the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 into the first voltage, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 610.

[0509] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, when the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420 is not the first voltage, it can be converted into the first voltage required by the first load 610 through the first voltage conversion device, thus enabling the first load 610 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system 3000. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 610 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the service life of the first load 610 and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery system 3000. Furthermore, the first voltage conversion device and the electrical components 200 within the electrical cavity 102 are highly integrated, occupying a small volume, and the first voltage conversion device does not require separate sealing when placed within the electrical cavity 102.

[0510] In some embodiments, the load includes a second load 620, and the output interface 700 includes a second output interface for accessing the power supply circuit of the second load 620; the electrical component 200 includes a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second output interface via the second voltage conversion device to provide a second voltage to the second load 620, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0511] The second load 620 can refer to a load with an operating voltage of the second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, and 60V. For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, the second voltage is referred to as low voltage, and the second load 620 is referred to as low-voltage load.

[0512] The power supply circuit of the second load 620 can refer to the power supply circuit of the second load 620. The second output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 620, and the electrical device can supply power to the second load 620.

[0513] The second voltage conversion device is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the second voltage required by the second load 620, the second voltage conversion device is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the second voltage of the second load 620, the second voltage conversion device may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the second voltage of the second load 620, it may perform a step-up operation. The second voltage conversion device can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.

[0514] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the second load 620 via a second voltage converter, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal 320 into a second voltage so that the first battery pack 300 can supply power to the second load 620.

[0515] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second load 620 via a second voltage converter, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal 420 into a second voltage so that the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 620.

[0516] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the second load 620 via a second voltage converter, which converts the voltages of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 into a second voltage, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 620.

[0517] In some cases, electrical devices (e.g., vehicles) typically have a built-in battery system 3000 that provides a second voltage to the second load 620. This embodiment adds an additional circuit that uses the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 to provide the second voltage to the second load 620, forming two low-voltage power supply circuits and creating a low-voltage redundant system. This ensures that if the original power supply circuit for the second load 620 fails, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load 620 to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the second voltage converter and the electrical components 200 within the electrical cavity 102 are highly integrated, resulting in a small footprint. The second voltage converter does not require separate sealing within the electrical cavity 102.

[0518] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load 610, and the output interface 700 includes a first output interface for connecting a power supply circuit of the first load 610; the electrical component 200 includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first output interface via the first voltage conversion device to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V; the load includes a second load 620, and the output interface 700 includes a second output interface for connecting a power supply circuit of the second load 620; the electrical component 200 includes a second voltage conversion device, at least one of the second main terminal 420 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second output interface via the second voltage conversion device to provide a second voltage to the second load 620, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0519] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, an additional circuit is added to provide a second voltage to the second load 620 using the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400, forming a low-voltage redundant system. This way, if the original power supply circuit for the second load 620 fails, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load 620 to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the first and second voltage conversion devices are highly integrated with the electrical components 200 within the electrical cavity 102, occupying a small volume, and do not require separate sealing when placed within the electrical cavity 102.

[0520] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with an electrical cavity partition 50, which is used to seal and isolate the electrical cavity 102 from the first battery cavity 1011 and / or the second battery cavity 1012. The electrical cavity partition 50 is provided with a mounting hole. The battery system 3000 also includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to the electrical component 200 in the electrical cavity 102.

[0521] The electrical cavity separator 50 seals and isolates the electrical cavity 102 from the first battery cavity 1011, and also seals and isolates the electrical cavity 102 from the second battery cavity 1012. It can be understood that the electrical cavity separator 50 may also seal and isolate one of the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 from the electrical cavity 102, while the other may be connected to or partially sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity 102. For example, if the thermal runaway risk of the first battery pack 300 is higher than that of the second battery pack 400, then the electrical cavity separator 50 will seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 from the electrical cavity 102.

[0522] The electrical cavity partition 50 is a partition that can provide a sealing and isolation function. Optionally, the electrical cavity partition 50 may include structures such as partition beams, partition plates, and sealing strips.

[0523] In some embodiments, the electrical cavity 102 and the battery cavity 101 are located on the same layer of the housing 100, and the electrical cavity partition 50 is a partition beam structure. Optionally, the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the length direction of the housing, while the electrical cavity 102 and the battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing, so that the partition structure intersects the electrical cavity partition 50 perpendicularly. It can be understood that the structure of the electrical cavity partition 50 can be set according to the structure and position of the electrical cavity 102. In other embodiments, the electrical cavity 102 is arranged in two layers with the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. Optionally, the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are located on one layer, and the electrical cavity 102 is located on another layer. In this case, the electrical cavity partition 50 is a partition plate.

[0524] The adapter 51 is a conductive adapter element. The electrical cavity separator 50 has a mounting hole, which is a through hole. The adapter 51 is sealed and inserted through the mounting hole. Optionally, the adapter has a sealing component, and the adapter 51 is inserted through the mounting hole, and the sealing component seals the gap between the mounting hole and the adapter 51.

[0525] Optionally, the first battery cavity 1011 and the electrical cavity 102 are sealed and isolated. The two ends of the adapter are located in the first battery cavity 1011 and the electrical cavity 102, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical component 200 in the electrical cavity 102, so that the first battery pack 300 is electrically connected to the output interface 700 through the first main terminal 320 and the electrical component 200.

[0526] Optionally, the second battery cavity 1012 is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity 102. The two ends of the adapter are located in the second battery cavity 1012 and the electrical cavity 102, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the second main terminal 420, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical component 200 in the electrical cavity 102, so that the second battery pack 400 is electrically connected to the output interface 700 through the second main terminal 420 and the electrical component 200.

[0527] By adopting the above technical solution, the electrical cavity 102 is sealed and isolated from the first battery cavity 1011 and / or the second battery cavity 1012, so that the emissions generated after the thermal runaway of the first battery cell 310 and / or the second battery cell 410 are not easily discharged into the electrical cavity 102, making the electrical component 200 less susceptible to the effects of thermal runaway of the battery cell. If one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway, the other can still be electrically connected to the output interface 700 through the electrical component 200 in the electrical cavity 102, so that the battery system 3000 can still supply power to the load, thereby improving the reliability of the battery system 3000.

[0528] In some embodiments, the housing 100 is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism 61, and the housing 100 is provided with a pressure relief chamber. The pressure relief mechanism 61 is connected to the pressure relief chamber 12. The first battery chamber 1011 can be connected to the pressure relief chamber 12 when the first battery pack 300 experiences thermal runaway. The second battery chamber 1012 can be connected to the pressure relief chamber 12 when the second battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway.

[0529] The pressure relief mechanism 61 on the housing 100 can release the pressure inside the housing 100 when actuated. The pressure relief mechanism 62 can be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive element or structure. When the pressure relief mechanism 61 performs an action or a weak part provided in the pressure relief mechanism breaks, an opening or channel is formed for the internal pressure to be released.

[0530] "Actuation" of the pressure relief mechanism 61 means that the pressure relief mechanism is activated or moved to a certain state, thereby allowing the internal pressure of the housing to be released. The actions of the pressure relief mechanism 61 may include, but are not limited to: at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 61 ruptures, breaks, is torn, or opens, etc.

[0531] The housing is equipped with one or more pressure relief mechanisms 61, such as Figure 24 As shown, in some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism 61, and the housing 100 is provided with a pressure relief chamber 12, with the pressure relief mechanism connected to the pressure relief chamber 12. If the first battery pack 300 experiences thermal runaway, the first battery chamber 1011 can connect with the pressure relief chamber 12 and, under preset conditions, relieve pressure through the pressure relief mechanism 61; if the second battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway, the second battery chamber 1012 can connect with the pressure relief chamber 12 and, under preset conditions, relieve pressure through the pressure relief mechanism 61.

[0532] By adopting the above technical solution, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can release pressure to the outside of the casing through the pressure relief chamber and the pressure relief mechanism, reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the battery system 3000 as a whole; and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can share a pressure relief chamber 12 and a pressure relief mechanism 61, reducing the cost of the pressure relief mechanism 61.

[0533] In some embodiments, such as Figure 22 As shown, the housing 100 is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism 62 and a second pressure relief mechanism 63. The first battery cavity 1011 is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism 62, and the second battery cavity 1012 is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism 63.

[0534] The first battery chamber 1011 is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism 62, so that the discharge in the first battery chamber 1011 can be discharged to the outside of the housing 100 through the first pressure relief mechanism 62. The second battery chamber 1012 is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism 63, so that the discharge in the first battery chamber 1011 can be discharged to the outside of the housing through the second pressure relief mechanism 63.

[0535] Since the first battery chamber 1011 and the second battery chamber 1012 are isolated, by setting a first pressure relief mechanism 62 corresponding to the first battery chamber 1011 and a second pressure relief mechanism 63 corresponding to the second battery chamber 1012, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be pressured separately, and are less likely to affect each other, thereby improving the reliability of the battery system 3000.

[0536] It is understood that there are more than two pressure relief mechanisms 61. For example, if the box is equipped with a sealed and isolated first battery chamber 1011, a second battery chamber 1012 and a third battery chamber, then there can be three pressure relief mechanisms.

[0537] In some embodiments, the battery system 3000 further includes a thermal management component 70 for thermal management of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400.

[0538] When an electrochemical reaction occurs inside a battery cell, heat is generated. As the battery is cycled, the battery cells continuously generate heat, causing the internal temperature of the battery system 3000 to gradually rise, affecting the performance of the battery system 3000. The thermal management component 70 is used to regulate the temperature of the battery cells, including cooling the battery cells or heating them in low-temperature environments to bring them back to their normal operating temperature range.

[0539] The thermal management component 70 has a heat exchange channel for the flow of a heat exchange medium, which can be a fluid (liquid) or a gas. Temperature regulation refers to heating or cooling multiple battery cells. Optionally, the fluid can be circulating to achieve better temperature regulation. The fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc. For example, when cooling or lowering the temperature of battery cells, the thermal management component contains a cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of multiple battery cells. In this case, the thermal management component 70 can also be called a cooling component, cooling system, or cooling plate, and the fluid it contains can be called a cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, a coolant or a cooling gas. When the fluid contained in the thermal management component 70 is a coolant, the thermal management component 70 can also be called a liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate contacts the battery cells and can be used to reduce the temperature of the battery cells to prevent thermal runaway.

[0540] In this embodiment, the thermal management component 70 can perform thermal management on at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, so that the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can operate within the optimal operating range, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery system 3000 and extending the service life of the battery system 3000.

[0541] In some embodiments, the thermal management component 70 includes at least a first sub-thermal management component 71 and a second sub-thermal management component 72, wherein the first sub-thermal management component 71 is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack 300 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack 400.

[0542] The first sub-thermal management component 71 is correspondingly disposed with the first battery pack 300, and the second sub-thermal management component 72 is correspondingly disposed with the second battery pack 400. In some embodiments, the battery cavity 101 includes a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012, then the first sub-thermal management component 71 is correspondingly disposed with the first battery cavity 1011, and the second sub-thermal management component 72 is correspondingly disposed with the second battery cavity 1012.

[0543] In some other embodiments, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 are not isolated, in which case the first sub-thermal management component 71 corresponds to the first battery cell 310 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 corresponds to the second battery cell 410.

[0544] The first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 may be of the same or different types.

[0545] For example, the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 are both thermal management components used to exchange heat on the large surface of the battery cell. The first sub-thermal management component includes a first heat exchange tube 711 and a first current collector 712, and the second sub-thermal management component 72 includes a second heat exchange tube 721 and a second current collector 722.

[0546] Optionally, the heat exchange areas of the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 are different. For example, the first heat exchange tube 711 in the first sub-thermal management component 71 is relatively sparse, and a single large surface of the first battery cell 310 exchanges heat with the first heat exchange tube 711; the second heat exchange tube 721 in the second sub-thermal management component 72 is relatively dense, and both large surfaces of the second battery cell 410 exchange heat with the second heat exchange tube 721. The aforementioned "large surface" refers to the surface with the largest area in the battery cell.

[0547] Optionally, the first sub-thermal management component 71 is a heat exchange plate for cooling the bottom of the battery cell, and the second sub-thermal management component 72 is a thermal management component for heat exchange on the large surface of the battery cell, which includes multiple second heat exchange tubes 721 and second current collectors 722.

[0548] In addition, the first sub-thermal management component 71 and / or the second sub-thermal management component 72 may also be thermal management components that exchange heat on the shoulder of the battery cell.

[0549] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively perform thermal management through corresponding sub-thermal management components. The structure of the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 can be flexibly set to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of the battery pack. Furthermore, if one sub-thermal management component fails due to blockage or other reasons, the other sub-thermal management component can still operate normally, thereby improving the overall thermal management reliability of the battery system 3000.

[0550] In some embodiments, the housing 100 is provided with a first inlet 141 and a first outlet 142 communicating with the first sub-thermal management component 71, and a second inlet 143 and a second outlet 144 communicating with the second sub-thermal management component 72; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet (not shown) and a third outlet (not shown) communicating with the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72.

[0551] The housing is provided with a first inlet 141 and a first outlet 142 that are connected to the first sub-thermal management component 71, and a second inlet 143 and a second outlet 144 that are connected to the second sub-thermal management component 72.

[0552] Optionally, the battery chamber includes a first battery chamber 1011 and a second battery chamber 1012. A first inlet 141 and a first outlet 142 are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the first battery chamber 1011. The first inlet 141 and the first outlet 142 are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component 71. A second inlet 143 and a second outlet 144 are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the second battery chamber 1012. The second inlet 143 and the second outlet 144 are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component 71. Optionally, the first inlet 141 and the first outlet 142 are arranged vertically, and the second inlet 143 and the second outlet 144 are arranged vertically to save space. Optionally, the first inlet 141, the first outlet 142, the second inlet 143, and the second outlet 144 are located on the same side of the housing for easy connection of the heat exchange medium source.

[0553] In another embodiment, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72. The first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 each have heat exchange channels communicating with the third inlet and the third outlet, respectively. The third inlet and the third outlet are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72. Optionally, the thermal management component is provided with a flow channel for diverting flow to the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72; the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 can be arranged in parallel; alternatively, the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 can also be arranged in series, or in a series-parallel configuration.

[0554] By adopting the above technical solution, both the first sub-thermal management component 71 and the second sub-thermal management component 72 can form a circulating flow path, which facilitates connection to the heat exchange medium source.

[0555] In some embodiments, the number of first battery chambers 1011 and second battery chambers 1012 can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery chambers 1011 and second battery chambers 1012 includes one or more of the following:

[0556] Arrangement (1): The first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the length of the housing 100;

[0557] Arrangement (2): The first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the width direction of the box 100;

[0558] Arrangement (3): The first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the height direction of the box 100;

[0559] Arrangement (4): One of the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 is located at one corner of the housing 100;

[0560] Arrangement (5): Several first battery cavities 1011 and several second battery cavities 1012 are arranged alternately.

[0561] The number of first battery compartments 1011 and second battery compartments 1012 can be one or more. If there are multiple first battery compartments 1011, each first battery compartment 1011 is used to accommodate a first battery pack 300, or each first battery compartment 1011 accommodates a plurality of first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300. If there are multiple second battery compartments 1012, each second battery compartment 1012 is used to accommodate a second battery pack 400, or each second battery compartment 1012 accommodates a plurality of second battery cells 410 in the second battery pack 400.

[0562] The length direction of the housing 100 is the direction of its longest side, the width direction is the direction of its second longest side, and the height direction is the direction of its shortest side. For example, if the housing 100 includes a tray and a cover arranged opposite each other along a first direction, then the first direction is the height direction of the housing 100. If the battery system 3000 can be used in a vehicle, then the length direction of the housing 100 can be, but is not limited to, the front-rear direction of the vehicle. If the cross-section of the housing 100 is approximately square, then the length, width, and height directions of the housing 100 can be defined according to the placement of the battery system 3000, etc.

[0563] Please refer to Figure 29 In (a), the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the width direction of the housing 100; please refer to Figure 29 (b) The first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the length of the housing 100; please refer to Figure 29 (c) The first battery cavity 1011 is located at one corner of the housing 100, and the second battery cavity 1012 is located in the remaining part of the battery cavity; please refer to Figure 29 (d) Along the length of the housing 100, a first battery cavity 1011, a second battery cavity 1012, and another first battery cavity 1011 are arranged alternately. Each of the two first battery cavities 1011 can accommodate a portion of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300, or each of the two first battery cavities 1011 can accommodate one first battery pack 300; or, please refer to... Figure 29(d) The first battery cavity 1011, the second battery cavity 1012, and the third battery cavity are arranged sequentially. The third battery cavity is used to accommodate the third battery pack, which includes multiple third battery cells. Of course, the arrangement of the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 may also include various of the above-mentioned arrangements.

[0564] In the battery system 3000 provided in this application embodiment, the arrangement of the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 can be varied, with high flexibility. Specifically, it can be set according to the applicable scenario, the system of battery cells, and other requirements to meet various usage needs.

[0565] In addition, the arrangement of the first battery cell 310 in the first battery cavity 1011 and the arrangement of the second battery cell 410 in the second battery cavity 1012 can be varied and can be combined with the arrangement of the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 to meet various usage requirements.

[0566] In some embodiments, within the first battery cavity 1011, a plurality of first battery cells 310 are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing 100; within the second battery cavity 1012, a plurality of first battery cells 310 are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing 100.

[0567] like Figure 30 As shown in (a) and (d), within the first battery cavity 1011, a plurality of first battery cells 310 are arranged along the length and width directions of the housing 100. For example, the plurality of first battery cells 310 are arranged in four columns along the width direction of the housing 100 and in multiple rows along the length direction of the housing 100. Within the second battery cavity 1012, a plurality of second battery cells 410 are arranged along the length and width directions of the housing 100. For example, the plurality of second battery cells 410 are arranged in four columns along the width direction of the housing 100 and in multiple rows along the length direction of the housing 100. It is understood that the number of first battery cells 310 and second battery cells 410 may be the same or different, and the number of rows and / or columns of the first battery cells 310 and second battery cells 410 may also be the same or different.

[0568] like Figure 30 As shown in (b), the long side of the first battery cell 310 is aligned with the width of the first battery cavity 1011. Within the first battery cavity 1011, multiple first battery cells 310 are arranged in a row along the length or width of the housing 100. The first battery cell 310 may be, but is not limited to, a blade battery. Alternatively, within the second battery cavity 1012, multiple second battery cells 410 are arranged in a row along the length or width of the housing 100. The second battery cells 410 may be, but is not limited to, a blade battery.

[0569] like Figure 30 As shown in (c), the long side of the first battery cell 310 is aligned with the length of the first battery cavity 1011. Within the first battery cavity 1011, multiple first battery cells 310 are arranged in four rows along the length of the first battery cavity 1011 and in multiple columns along the width of the first battery cavity 1011. Alternatively, within the second battery cavity 1012, multiple second battery cells 410 are arranged in four rows along the length of the first battery cavity 1011 and in multiple columns along the width of the second battery cavity 1012.

[0570] It should be noted that, in any arrangement, the first battery cell 310 and / or the second battery cell 410 can be upright, inverted, or flat within the housing 100. Upright means that the battery cell's terminals are arranged vertically upwards, inverted means that the battery cell's terminals are arranged vertically downwards, and flat means that the battery cell's terminals are arranged to the side facing horizontally.

[0571] In the battery system 3000 provided in this application embodiment, the arrangement of the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 in the battery cavity can be varied, with high flexibility. Specifically, it can be set according to the applicable cavity space, scenario, battery cell system, energy density and other requirements to meet various usage needs.

[0572] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0573] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0574] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the electronic device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0575] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0576] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0577] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery system characterized by, The battery system is used to power a first load and a second load, and the battery system includes: At least two battery packs, wherein at least two battery packs respectively provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit, and at least two battery packs respectively provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage; At least one of the first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit; the voltage conversion circuit is used to convert the input voltage into a first voltage or a second voltage.

2. The battery system of claim 1, wherein, The at least two battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively used to provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit and to provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

3. The battery system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for outputting a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

4. The battery system as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device and a second voltage conversion device; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The first battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device; The second battery pack is connected to the second voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the second voltage conversion device.

5. The battery system as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; The first battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load; The first battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device; The second battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the first voltage conversion device.

6. The battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The first battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load; The first battery pack is connected to a first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device; The second battery pack is connected to the second voltage conversion device and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the second voltage conversion device.

7. The battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to provide a first voltage to the first load, respectively; At least some of the battery cells in the first battery pack and / or at least some of the battery cells in the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

8. The battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The first battery pack is used to provide a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to provide a second voltage to the second load; At least some of the individual cells of the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit; and / or At least some of the individual cells of the first battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

9. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The battery system further includes a switching circuit, which includes a first switch. The switching circuit is connected to the at least two battery packs, and the first switch is used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected in parallel to the power supply circuit.

10. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The at least two battery packs include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs; where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and m is a positive integer; At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit; At least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit; The m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit.

11. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A third power supply circuit is connected to at least two of the battery packs, and the at least two battery packs charge and discharge each other through the third power supply circuit.

12. The battery system as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The at least two battery packs include a fifth battery pack and a sixth battery pack; The fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the third power supply circuit. The fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the third power supply circuit, or the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the third power supply circuit.

13. The battery system as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The third power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit. The fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit. The fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

14. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The at least two battery packs are connected in parallel, and the battery system further includes: A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected to the power supply circuit.

15. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

16. The battery system as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes; The second switch is connected to the first battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack to access the power supply circuit; The third switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

17. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs in series.

18. The battery system as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that, The switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

19. The battery system as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes: The fourth switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

20. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

21. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.

22. The battery system as described in claim 20 or 21, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes a fifth switch and a sixth switch; The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series. The sixth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.

23. The battery system as claimed in any one of claims 20-22, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes a seventh switch, which includes at least a first contact group and a second contact group; The first contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs connected in series; The second contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in parallel; The seventh switch is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

24. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-23, characterized in that, At least two of the battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells; The first battery cell and the second battery cell each independently include one or more of the following: a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery, and at least one of the first battery cell and the second battery cell includes a secondary battery.

25. The battery system as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that, Both the first battery cell and the second battery cell include a secondary battery.

26. The battery system as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that, The secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

27. The battery system according to any one of claims 24-26, characterized in that, The first battery cell and the second battery cell have different chemical systems.

28. The battery system as claimed in any one of claims 24-27, characterized in that, The volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 40kWh. The second battery pack meets one of the following conditions: (1) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (2) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (3) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

29. The battery system as claimed in any one of claims 24-28, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is 0.05 to 10.

30. The battery system as claimed in claim 29, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is 0.1 to 8.

0.

31. The battery system as claimed in claim 30, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is 0.12 to 6.

0.

32. The battery system as claimed in claim 31, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is 1.0 to 5.

0.

33. The battery system according to any one of claims 24-32, characterized in that, The first battery cell and the second battery cell are each independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII: (1) Battery cell I, wherein the volumetric energy density of battery cell I is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, and battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; (2) Battery cell II, wherein the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10%SOC-80%SOC at 25°C greater than or equal to 2C; (3) Battery cell III, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell III is not lower than 250°C; and / or, the overcharge boundary of the battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC; (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the charging time of battery cell IV from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10°C is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20°C and charged at 0.33C is above 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell; (5) Battery cell V, wherein the battery cell V is discharged at 5C rate to the lower limit cutoff voltage at 50% SOC, and the discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s; and / or, the battery cell V is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, and the DC impedance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg; (6) Battery cell VI, wherein when the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the battery cell VI is not less than 6000; (7) Battery cell VII, wherein the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95% when the battery cell VII is stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days; and / or, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98% when the battery cell VII is stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days.

34. The battery system according to any one of claims 24-32, characterized in that, The first battery cell and the second battery cell are each independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII: (1) At least one of the battery cells I is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode; (2) Battery cell II, wherein the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10%SOC-80%SOC at 25°C greater than or equal to 2C; (3) Battery cell III, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell III is not lower than 250°C; and / or, the overcharge boundary of the battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC; (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the charging time of battery cell IV from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10°C is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20°C and charged at 0.33C is above 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell; (5) Battery cell V, wherein the battery cell V is discharged at 5C rate to the lower limit cutoff voltage at 50% SOC, and the discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s; and / or, the battery cell V is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, and the DC impedance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg; (6) Battery cell VI, wherein when the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the battery cell VI is not less than 6000; (7) Battery cell VII, wherein the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95% when the battery cell VII is stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days; and / or, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98% when the battery cell VII is stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days.

35. The battery system as claimed in claim 33 or 34, characterized in that, The battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or higher at 10% SOC-80% SOC.

36. The battery system as claimed in claim 35, characterized in that, The battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or higher at 10%SOC-80%SOC.

37. The battery system as claimed in claim 33 or 34, characterized in that, The discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 60s.

38. The battery system as claimed in claim 37, characterized in that, The discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 100s.

39. The battery system as claimed in claim 33 or 34, characterized in that, When the battery cell V is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance DCR of the battery cell V is <0.3mΩ.

40. The battery system as claimed in claim 33 or 34, characterized in that, The power density of the battery cell V is between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg.

41. The battery system as claimed in claim 33 or 34, characterized in that, When the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles for the battery cell VI shall not be less than 6500.

42. The battery system according to any one of claims 33-41, characterized in that, The energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 450Wh / L~2000Wh / L.

43. The battery system according to any one of claims 33-42, characterized in that, The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode includes lithium iron phosphate, and the VED range of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode is 450~700Wh / L; (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 650~2000Wh / L. (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the VED range of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 800~2000Wh / L.

44. The battery system according to any one of claims 33-43, characterized in that, The negative electrode of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The thickness of the current collector is in the range of 3μm to 8μm; (2) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm; (3) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa~1600MPa; (4) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector, and the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm.

45. The battery system as claimed in claim 44, characterized in that, The thickness of the lithium metal layer ranges from 5μm to 25μm.

46. ​​The battery system according to any one of claims 33-45, characterized in that, The cycle life of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within 80% of the depth of discharge, and has a cycle life of 150 to 400 cycles. (2) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%, and the cycle life is 200 to 550 cycles. (3) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and the cycle life is more than 550 cycles.

47. The battery system according to any one of claims 24-46, characterized in that, The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, and the second battery pack includes at least the battery cell I, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of the battery cells II, IV, and VI.

48. The battery system as claimed in claim 47, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, ternary battery cell without negative electrode, hybrid cathode battery cell without negative electrode, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery. The first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

49. The battery system according to any one of claims 33-43, characterized in that, The first battery cell has an equivalent charge rate of 10%-80% SOC greater than that of the second battery cell. The first battery pack includes at least the battery cell II, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of the battery cells IV and VI.

50. The battery system as claimed in claim 49, characterized in that, The first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell. The second battery pack includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion cell, solid-state battery cell, and semi-solid-state battery cell.

51. The battery system according to any one of claims 24-50, characterized in that, Under the same charge and discharge conditions, the cycle life of a single cell of the first battery is more than 1.2 times that of a single cell of the second battery. The first battery pack includes at least the single cell VI, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of the single cells IV and VII.

52. The battery system as claimed in claim 51, characterized in that, The first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell. The second battery pack includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery, solid-state battery cell, and semi-solid-state battery cell.

53. The battery system according to any one of claims 2-8, 15-16, 18-19, 21-22, and 24-52, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the second battery pack; The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the second battery pack is in the charging state.

54. The battery system as claimed in claim 53, characterized in that, in, The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the battery system is in charging condition.

55. The battery system as claimed in claim 54, characterized in that, in, Adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to 45-70℃.

56. The battery system as claimed in claim 55, characterized in that, in, Adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to 50-65℃.

57. The battery system according to any one of claims 54-56, characterized in that, The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to 45-70°C when the battery system is in charging condition.

58. The battery system as claimed in claim 57, characterized in that, The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to 50-65°C when the battery system is in charging condition.

59. The battery system according to any one of claims 2-8, 15-16, 18-19, 21-22, and 24-58, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

60. The battery system as claimed in claim 59, characterized in that, A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the battery system is in a charging state.

61. The battery system as claimed in claim 60, characterized in that, The first multiplier is ≤0.2C.

62. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Including the first load and the second load; And the battery system as described in any one of claims 1-61.

63. The electrical appliance as described in claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

64. The electrical appliance as described in claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system, which is used for vehicle body control.

65. The electrical appliance as described in claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle also includes an on-board charger (OBC). The battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

66. The electrical appliance as described in claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

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