A rotary reactor integrating pyrolysis and cooling for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal

Abstract

This utility model discloses an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal, belonging to the fields of coal chemical and petrochemical technology. After the oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder, it moves from the furnace head to the furnace tail, undergoing preheating, low-temperature dry distillation, and medium-temperature dry distillation processes. The dry-distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return heat exchange spiral tube through the return hopper and moves from the furnace tail to the furnace head, where it exchanges heat with the oil shale or low-rank coal for cooling, and is finally discharged through the discharge box. High-temperature gas at 800-900℃ enters the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube to carry out the dry distillation reaction with the oil shale or low-rank coal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of coal chemical and petrochemical technology, specifically relating to a rotary reactor for pyrolysis and cooling integrated for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. Background Technology

[0002] my country's resource distribution is characterized by abundant coal but limited oil and gas resources. While coal resources are relatively plentiful, a significant proportion consists of low-rank coal with low utilization value. Furthermore, large-scale recoverable oil shale formations have been discovered in regions such as Jilin and Xinjiang. Therefore, the development of low-rank coal into a technology for extracting oil and gas from high-rank coal and oil shale has become a key focus of my country's current energy research and development.

[0003] To date, there are few reports in China regarding oil and gas extraction technologies from oil shale. Technologies for developing low-rank coal into high-rank coal include: circulating fluidized bed solid heat carrier rapid coal upgrading technology, gas heat carrier rapid coal upgrading process, belt coal dry distillation upgrading technology, moving bed coal upgrading technology, and rotary reactor coal upgrading technology. Through years of testing and verification, rotary reactor coal upgrading technology, with its significant technological advantages, is gradually becoming the mainstream technology. Currently, large-scale industrial-scale plants with considerable operating time are located in Shaanxi, Hebei, and Gansu provinces. Other technologies, for various reasons, have not yet seen reliably operating industrial-scale plants.

[0004] The main problems currently existing in the experimental and industrial-scale coal pyrolysis rotary reactor units are: the pyrolysis and cooling equipment are designed separately, resulting in low thermal efficiency; high-temperature solid material conveying equipment experiences frequent malfunctions; the equipment layout is complex; and the investment is high. The main problems with the passivation equipment in existing coal pyrolysis demonstration units are: the pyrolysis rotary reactor shell is the main heat exchange element, operating at high temperatures, under complex stresses, and under harsh working conditions; some reactor shells have already shown cracks. Utility Model Content

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. After the oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder, it moves from the furnace head to the furnace tail, undergoing preheating, low-temperature dry distillation, and medium-temperature dry distillation processes. The dry-distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return heat exchange spiral tube through the return hopper and moves from the furnace tail to the furnace head, where it exchanges heat with the oil shale or low-rank coal for cooling, and is finally discharged through the discharge box. High-temperature gas at 800-900℃ enters the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube to carry out the dry distillation reaction with the oil shale or low-rank coal.

[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A rotary reactor integrating pyrolysis and cooling for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal includes a cylindrical body with a furnace head and a furnace tail at each end. Multiple high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tubes and a return material heat exchange spiral tube are installed inside the cylindrical body. The high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tubes are arranged around the inner wall of the cylindrical body, and the return material heat exchange spiral tube is located at the center of the cylindrical body. The return material heat exchange spiral tube on the furnace head side is connected to the cylindrical body through an end-face sealing mechanism, and the return material heat exchange spiral tube on the furnace tail side is disposed within the cylindrical body. A feed chute is provided on the furnace head side of the cylindrical body, and a feed chute is provided on the furnace tail side of the cylindrical body for discharging the dry-distilled oil... Shale or low-rank coal products are fed into the return material hopper inside the return material heat exchange spiral tube; dried oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder through the feed chute and the fast-feeding spiral; high-temperature flue gas enters through the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube near the tail end of the furnace and performs a dry distillation reaction on the oil shale or low-rank coal inside the cylinder, and then the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube on the head side; the dry distilled oil shale or low-rank coal products are fed into the return material heat exchange spiral tube through the return material hopper, where they exchange heat with the oil shale and low-rank coal and are cooled, and finally discharged through the return material heat exchange spiral tube on the head side.

[0008] Preferably, the outer side of the cylinder is provided with a first hydrostatic bearing support mechanism, a second hydrostatic bearing support mechanism, and a hydrostatic bearing.

[0009] Preferably, the cylinder is provided with a driving mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the return heat exchange spiral tube is provided with reverse spiral blades inside.

[0011] Preferably, the outside of the return heat exchange spiral tube is also provided with multiple nail heads.

[0012] Preferably, a cylinder insulation layer is also provided on the outer side of the cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, the return heat exchange spiral tube is also connected to the discharge box.

[0014] Preferably, one end of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet box, and the other end of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet box.

[0015] Preferably, an oil and gas outlet pipe is provided at the tail end of the furnace body.

[0016] Preferably, the oil and gas outlet pipe is connected to the oil and gas outlet box via a flexible connection at the furnace tail.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows:

[0018] I. This utility model provides an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. After the oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder, it moves from the furnace head to the furnace tail, undergoing preheating, low-temperature dry distillation, and medium-temperature dry distillation processes. The dry-distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return heat exchange spiral tube through the return hopper and moves from the furnace tail to the furnace head, where it exchanges heat with the oil shale or low-rank coal for cooling, and is finally discharged through the discharge box. High-temperature gas at 800-900℃ enters the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube to carry out the dry distillation reaction with the oil shale or low-rank coal.

[0019] II. The present invention provides a rotary reactor for pyrolysis and cooling integrated for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The driving mechanism drives the cylinder to rotate on the first static pressure bearing support mechanism, the second static pressure bearing support mechanism and the static pressure bearing; this greatly improves the rotation accuracy of the equipment, improves the sealing effect of the end face sealing mechanism, and reduces the additional stress on the cylinder.

[0020] III. This utility model provides a rotary reactor integrating pyrolysis and cooling for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The nail head design increases the heat transfer area, stirs the oil shale or low-rank coal, increases the heat transfer coefficient, and can increase the production capacity by 5-10%. The temperature of the dry distilled oil shale and low-rank coal can be reduced to 300-350℃, effectively recovering high-grade waste heat and increasing the dry distillation rate of oil shale and low-rank coal.

[0021] IV. This utility model provides an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The cylinder is subjected to complex stresses, has low allowable stress and fatigue limit at high temperatures, does not come into contact with high-temperature flue gas, and does not function as a heat transfer element. An external insulation layer is provided for the cylinder, and the maximum wall temperature is 550℃, which is far lower than the maximum wall temperature of 800℃ in existing pyrolysis rotary reactors.

[0022] V. This utility model provides an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The high-temperature oil and gas generated after dry distillation is discharged from the tail of the furnace. The colloids and asphalt in the oil and gas have been basically decomposed, making the oil and gas less prone to coking and easy to handle. The high-temperature oil and gas discharge conditions are harsh. The discharge is achieved through an oil and gas discharge box and a flexible connection at the tail of the furnace, without the use of an end-face sealing structure, ensuring safe and reliable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view from AA;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first hydrostatic bearing support mechanism or the second hydrostatic bearing support mechanism in this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrostatic bearing in this utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-temperature flue gas inlet box or the high-temperature flue gas outlet box of this utility model.

[0028] The components include: 1. End face sealing mechanism; 2. Furnace head flexible connection; 3. Discharge box; 4. Cylinder body; 5. Cylinder body insulation layer; 6. Drive mechanism; 7. First static pressure bearing support mechanism; 8. Return material heat exchange spiral tube; 9. High temperature flue gas heat exchange tube; 10. Second static pressure bearing support mechanism; 11. Oil and gas outlet pipe; 12. Oil and gas outlet box; 13. Furnace tail flexible connection; 14. High temperature flue gas inlet box; 15. Static pressure bearing; 16. High temperature flue gas outlet box; 17. Fast material guide spiral; 18. Feed chute; 19. Return material hopper; 20. Nail head. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figures 1-5As shown, a rotary reactor integrating pyrolysis and cooling for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal includes a cylindrical body 4, with a furnace head and a furnace tail at each end. Multiple high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tubes 9 and a return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 are installed inside the cylindrical body 4. The high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tubes 9 are arranged around the inner wall of the cylindrical body 4, and the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 is located at the center of the cylindrical body 4. The return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace head side is connected to the cylindrical body 4 through an end-face sealing mechanism 1, and the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace tail side is installed inside the cylindrical body 4. A feed chute 18 is provided on the furnace head side of the cylindrical body 4, and a feed chute 18 is provided on the furnace tail side of the cylindrical body 4 for feeding dry... The distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return material hopper 19 inside the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8; the dried oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder 4 through the feed chute 18 and the fast-feeding spiral 17; high-temperature flue gas enters through the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 near the tail end of the furnace and performs a dry distillation reaction on the oil shale or low-rank coal inside the cylinder 4, and then the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 on the furnace head side; the dry-distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 through the return material hopper 19, where it exchanges heat with the oil shale and low-rank coal and is cooled, and finally discharged through the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace head side. The cylinder 4 is made of Cr25Ni20 stainless steel plate, and the allowable stress of the cylinder 4 (83MPa) is more than 10 times that of the existing pyrolysis rotary reactor (8MPa). This greatly improves the operating cycle and service life of the integrated pyrolysis-cooling rotary reactor. The high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 is made of Cr25Ni20 stainless steel seamless tube, which is low in cost and easy to procure. The material enters the cylinder 4 from the feed chute 18, and the cylinder spiral conveys the material from the furnace head to the furnace tail. On the furnace tail side of the cylinder 4, there is a return hopper 19 for collecting the dry distilled oil shale or low-rank coal products into the return heat exchange spiral tube 8. The dry distilled oil shale or low-rank coal products are collected into the return heat exchange spiral tube 8 through the return hopper 19, and finally discharged through the return heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace head side. The cylinder 4 and the return heat exchange spiral tube 8 rotate in opposite directions.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A rotary reactor integrating pyrolysis and cooling for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal includes a cylindrical body 4, with a furnace head and a furnace tail at each end. Multiple high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tubes 9 and a return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 are installed inside the cylindrical body 4. The high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tubes 9 are arranged around the inner wall of the cylindrical body 4, and the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 is located at the center of the cylindrical body 4. The return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace head side is connected to the cylindrical body 4 via an end-face sealing mechanism 1, and the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace tail side is installed inside the cylindrical body 4. A feed chute 18 is provided on the furnace head side of the cylindrical body 4, and a feed chute 18 is provided on the furnace tail side of the cylindrical body 4 for feeding the dry distillate... The dried oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return material hopper 19 inside the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8; the dried oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder 4 through the feed chute 18 and the fast-feeding spiral 17; high-temperature flue gas enters through the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 near the tail end of the furnace and performs a dry distillation reaction on the oil shale or low-rank coal inside the cylinder 4, and then the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 on the furnace head side; the dry-distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 through the return material hopper 19, and exchanges heat with the oil shale and low-rank coal and is cooled, and finally discharged through the return material heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace head side. The cylinder 4 is made of Cr25Ni20 stainless steel plate, and the allowable stress of the cylinder 4 (83MPa) is more than 10 times that of the existing pyrolysis rotary reactor (8MPa). This greatly improves the operating cycle and service life of the integrated pyrolysis-cooling rotary reactor. The high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 is made of Cr25Ni20 stainless steel seamless tube, which is low in cost and easy to procure. The material enters the cylinder 4 from the feed chute 18, and the cylinder spiral conveys the material from the furnace head to the furnace tail. On the furnace tail side of the cylinder 4, there is a return hopper 19 for collecting the dry distilled oil shale or low-rank coal products into the return heat exchange spiral tube 8. The dry distilled oil shale or low-rank coal products are collected into the return heat exchange spiral tube 8 through the return hopper 19, and finally discharged through the return heat exchange spiral tube 8 on the furnace head side. The cylinder 4 and the return heat exchange spiral tube 8 rotate in opposite directions.

[0034] The outer side of the cylinder 4 is provided with a first hydrostatic bearing support mechanism 7, a second hydrostatic bearing support mechanism 10, and a hydrostatic bearing 15. The first hydrostatic bearing support mechanism 7, the second hydrostatic bearing support mechanism 10, and the hydrostatic bearing 15 are all prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0035] The cylinder 4 is equipped with a drive mechanism 6.

[0036] The return heat exchange spiral tube 8 is provided with reverse spiral blades inside.

[0037] The return heat exchange spiral tube 8 is also provided with multiple nail heads 20 on its exterior.

[0038] The outer side of the cylinder 4 is also provided with a cylinder insulation layer 5.

[0039] The return heat exchange spiral tube 8 is also connected to the discharge box 3.

[0040] One end of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet box 14, and the other end of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet box 16. The high-temperature flue gas inlet box 14 and the high-temperature flue gas outlet box 16 are fixedly mounted on the cylinder 4.

[0041] Among them, an oil and gas outlet pipe 11 is provided at the tail of the furnace of the cylinder 4.

[0042] The oil and gas outlet pipe 11 is connected to the oil and gas outlet box 12 via the furnace tail flexible connection 13.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows:

[0044] I. This utility model provides an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. After the oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder 4, it moves from the furnace head to the furnace tail, undergoing preheating, low-temperature dry distillation, and medium-temperature dry distillation processes. The dry distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is scooped into the return heat exchange spiral tube 8 through the return hopper 19 and moves from the furnace tail to the furnace head, where it exchanges heat with the oil shale or low-rank coal for cooling. Finally, it is discharged through the discharge box 3. High-temperature gas at 800-900℃ enters the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube 9 to carry out the dry distillation reaction with the oil shale or low-rank coal.

[0045] II. The present invention provides a rotary reactor for pyrolysis and cooling integrated for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The driving mechanism 6 drives the cylinder 4 to rotate on the first static pressure bearing support mechanism 7, the second static pressure bearing support mechanism 10 and the static pressure bearing 15. This greatly improves the rotation accuracy of the equipment, improves the sealing effect of the end face sealing mechanism 1 and reduces the additional stress on the cylinder 4.

[0046] III. This utility model provides a rotary reactor integrating pyrolysis and cooling for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The nail head 20 increases the heat transfer area, stirs the oil shale or low-rank coal, increases the heat transfer coefficient, and can increase the production capacity by 5-10%. The temperature of the oil shale and low-rank coal after dry distillation can be reduced to 300-350℃, effectively recovering high-grade waste heat, while increasing the dry distillation rate of oil shale and low-rank coal.

[0047] IV. This utility model provides an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The cylinder 4 is subjected to complex stresses, has low allowable stress and fatigue limit at high temperatures, does not come into contact with high-temperature flue gas, and does not serve as a heat transfer element. An external cylinder insulation layer 5 is provided, and the maximum cylinder wall temperature is 550℃, which is far lower than the maximum wall temperature of 800℃ in existing pyrolysis rotary reactors.

[0048] V. This utility model provides an integrated pyrolysis and cooling rotary reactor for the dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal. The high-temperature oil and gas generated after dry distillation is discharged from the tail of the furnace. The colloids and asphalt in the oil and gas have been basically decomposed, making the oil and gas less prone to coking and easy to handle. The high-temperature oil and gas discharge conditions are harsh. The oil and gas is discharged through the oil and gas discharge box 12 and the furnace tail flexible connection 13, without the use of an end face sealing structure, making it safe and reliable to use.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis-cooling integrated rotary reactor for oil shale or low-rank coal retorting, characterized by: The system includes a cylinder (4), with a furnace head and a furnace tail at both ends. A high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (9) and a return material heat exchange spiral tube (8) are installed inside the cylinder (4). Multiple high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tubes (9) are arranged around the inner wall of the cylinder (4). The return material heat exchange spiral tube (8) is located at the center of the cylinder (4). The return material heat exchange spiral tube (8) on the furnace head side is connected to the cylinder (4) via an end-face sealing mechanism (1), and the return material heat exchange spiral tube (8) on the furnace tail side is installed inside the cylinder (4). A feed chute (18) is provided on the furnace head side of the cylinder (4), and a feed chute (18) is provided on the furnace tail side of the cylinder (4) for feeding oil shale or low-temperature distilled materials. The product of the rank coal is fed into the return feed hopper (19) inside the return feed heat exchange spiral tube (8); the dried oil shale or low-rank coal enters the cylinder (4) through the feed chute (18) and the fast feed spiral (17); the high-temperature flue gas enters through the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (9) near the tail of the furnace and performs a dry distillation reaction on the oil shale or low-rank coal inside the cylinder (4), and then the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (9) on the side of the furnace head; the dry distilled oil shale or low-rank coal product is fed into the return feed heat exchange spiral tube (8) through the return feed hopper (19), and exchanges heat with the oil shale and low-rank coal and cools it, and finally is discharged through the return feed heat exchange spiral tube (8) on the side of the furnace head.

2. The integrated pyrolysis and quenching rotary reactor for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the cylinder (4) is provided with a first hydrostatic bearing support mechanism (7), a second hydrostatic bearing support mechanism (10), and a hydrostatic bearing (15).

3. The integrated pyrolysis and quenching rotary reactor for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal according to claim 2, characterized in that: A drive mechanism (6) is provided on the cylinder (4).

4. The integrated pyrolysis and quenching rotary reactor for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal according to claim 3, characterized in that: The return heat exchange spiral tube (8) is equipped with reverse spiral blades inside.

5. A rotary reactor for integrated pyrolysis and cooling of oil shale or low-rank coal dry distillation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outside of the return heat exchange spiral tube (8) is also provided with multiple nail heads (20).

6. A rotary reactor for integrated pyrolysis and cooling of oil shale or low-rank coal dry distillation according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cylinder insulation layer (5) is also provided on the outside of the cylinder (4).

7. A rotary reactor for integrated pyrolysis and cooling of oil shale or low-rank coal dry distillation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The return heat exchange spiral tube (8) is also connected to the discharge box (3).

8. A rotary reactor for integrated pyrolysis and cooling of oil shale or low-rank coal dry distillation according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (9) is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet box (14), and the other end of the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (9) is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet box (16).

9. A rotary reactor for integrated pyrolysis and cooling of oil shale or low-rank coal dry distillation according to claim 8, characterized in that: An oil and gas outlet pipe (11) is provided at the tail of the furnace of the cylinder (4).

10. A rotary reactor for pyrolysis and cooling integrated for dry distillation of oil shale or low-rank coal according to claim 9, characterized in that: The oil and gas outlet pipe (11) is connected to the oil and gas outlet box (12) via the furnace tail flexible connection (13).

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