A coal pulverized gasification reactor device that can recover waste heat

Abstract

This invention relates to a coal pulverized gasification reactor device capable of recovering waste heat, comprising an inlet valve, a guide plate, an outlet channel, a gasifier, and a waste heat recovery device. The inlet valve is located at the bottom of the gasifier, the guide plate is at the same height as the inlet valve, the outlet channel is located at the top of the gasifier, and the waste heat recovery device is used to absorb the reaction waste heat inside the gasifier. This device can perform a two-stage gasification reaction of coal pulverized coal in a fluidized bed to generate coal-to-gas fuel for heating a thermal energy storage device. Simultaneously, the device has a ring of heat-conducting pipes around the reaction zone wall, with the other end of the heat-conducting pipes connected to the thermal energy storage device. The heat from the reaction zone is transferred to the thermal energy storage device through the circulation of heat-conducting oil within the pipes, achieving the functions of reactor cooling and thermal energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal chemical industry, and in particular to a coal powder gasification reactor device that can recover and utilize waste heat. Background Technology

[0002] The pulverized coal gasification reactor mainly consists of a pulverized coal storage silo, a gasifier, a heat transfer system, and a thermal energy storage device. The gasifier includes a converter, an inlet valve, an outlet channel, a baffle plate, and a reaction control device. The reaction control device includes a heater and temperature sensing elements. The heat transfer system includes heat pipes, an oil storage tank, and a circulating pump. The working process of this device is as follows: pulverized coal is heated and dried in the feed silo, and then fed to the bottom of the converter; the inlet valve is opened to control the airflow rate, pumping the pulverized coal from the bottom of the furnace to the reaction control device in the middle of the furnace; the reaction control device starts the heater to a certain temperature to catalyze the cracking of the pulverized coal, completing the first reaction of the coal-to-gas catalytic chain; the light components after thermal cracking are sent by the gas flow to the upper part of the converter to catalyze the gasification of the light components, completing the second reaction of the coal-to-gas catalytic chain; the produced coal gas is transported to the asphalt mixing plant through the outlet channel.

[0003] An existing coal gasification secondary conversion device and coal gasification preparation system (CN201720324265.6) includes: a conversion furnace; the conversion furnace is provided with a coal gas inlet, a gasifying agent inlet, and a conversion gas outlet; the coal gas inlet is used to charge the conversion furnace with high-temperature coal gas, and the gasifying agent inlet is used to charge the conversion furnace with a gasifying agent containing oxygen. The coal gas inlet is located on the side of the conversion furnace, and the gasifying agent inlet is located on the top of the conversion furnace. A nozzle is provided at the gasifying agent inlet. A first heat-resistant and wear-resistant layer is provided on the inner wall of the conversion furnace; a second heat-resistant and wear-resistant layer is provided on one or more of the inner walls of the coal gas inlet, the gasifying agent inlet, and the conversion gas outlet. The current coal gasification secondary conversion unit and coal gasification preparation system lack a synergistic coupling mechanism between pulverized coal gasification reaction and waste heat resource utilization. The current scheme focuses on improving reaction efficiency and recovering impurities, but neglects the energy value of the high-temperature waste heat generated during the reaction process. This heat resource is transferred to nature through the furnace wall or a separately configured cooling system, resulting in waste. In some units, the high-temperature waste heat is directly discharged without utilization, while waste heat recovery devices...

[0004] For example, a waste heat recovery device for bituminous coal generator gas (CN201621451588.3) includes an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, and a lower cylinder. The inner cylinder is coaxially spaced within the outer cylinder, and the lower cylinder is coaxially mounted at the bottom of the outer cylinder. The upper end of the inner cylinder is higher than the upper end of the outer cylinder. The inner cylinder includes multiple inner heat exchange tube bundles, inner ribs, and inner annular rings. The inner ribs are sealed and welded between adjacent inner heat exchange tube bundles. The tops and bottoms of the multiple inner heating tubes are connected together through inner annular rings. The outer cylinder includes multiple outer heat exchange tube bundles. The device comprises tube bundles, outer fins, and an outer annular ring. The outer fins are sealed and welded between adjacent external heat exchange tube bundles. Multiple external heating tubes are connected together at their top and bottom via the outer annular ring. The bottoms of the inner and outer heat exchange tube bundles are connected by corresponding radially arranged connecting pipes. A flue gas inlet is installed at the top of the outer cylinder, and a flue gas outlet is installed at the top of the inner cylinder. A cold water inlet connected to the inner annular ring is located at the top of the inner cylinder, and a hot water outlet connected to the outer annular ring is located at the top of the outer cylinder. An ash discharge port is located on one side of the lower cylinder. A drain pipe is connected to the inner annular ring. Although this waste heat recovery device for bituminous coal gasifier has a heat exchange structure, it is connected in series as an independent module at the rear end of the gasifier, resulting in a significant reduction in the quality of recoverable waste heat.

[0005] It is evident that existing converter technologies rely solely on adjusting the reaction temperature through the gasifying agent flow rate, lacking precise control over the temperature field in the reaction zone. This leads to localized overheating (>1600℃), increasing the risk of slagging and necessitating quarterly shutdowns for slagging removal. Furthermore, the heat exchanger tube bundle employs a dense finned structure. When processing bituminous coal gas with high dust content, the mixture of tar condensate and dust easily forms a carbon deposit layer between the fins, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device that combines coal gasification and waste heat recovery and reuse, thereby constructing an energy closed-loop system for coal gasification reaction and waste heat utilization. This system enables a two-stage gasification reaction of coal powder in a fluidized bed to generate coal gas fuel for heating a thermal energy storage device. Simultaneously, the device of this invention has a ring of heat-conducting pipes around the reaction zone wall, with the other end of the heat-conducting pipes connected to the thermal energy storage device. The heat from the reaction zone is transferred to the thermal energy storage device through the circulation of heat-conducting oil inside the pipes, thus realizing the functions of reactor cooling and thermal energy storage.

[0007] This utility model is achieved through at least one of the following technical solutions.

[0008] A coal powder gasification reactor device that can recover waste heat includes a gasifier, which is equipped with multiple air inlet valves, a guide plate, a reaction controller, and a converter. The plurality of air inlet valves are located at the lower end of the gasifier, and the guide plate is located inside the gasifier and distributed on both sides of the gasifier; the converter is located inside the gasifier, the reaction controller is located at the bottom of the converter, the guide plate is below the converter and the reaction controller, the bottom of the converter is provided with an air inlet, the top of the converter is provided with an air outlet channel, and the air outlet channel is connected to the top of the gasifier.

[0009] Furthermore, the gasifier is equipped with a waste heat recovery device, which includes a heat-conducting pipe network located on the outer surface of the gasifier. The waste heat from the gasification reaction is collected through the heat-conducting pipe network.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the heat-conducting pipe of the heat-conducting pipe network is connected to the heat-conducting medium tank, and the other end is connected to the thermal energy storage device. The heat in the reaction zone is transferred to the thermal energy storage device through the circulation of the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting pipe, thereby cooling the gasifier.

[0011] Furthermore, the medium in the heat transfer medium tank is driven by a circulating pump.

[0012] Furthermore, the gasifier is equipped with a waste heat recovery device, which includes a radiant waste boiler, the inlet of which is connected to the slag outlet of the gasifier.

[0013] Furthermore, the reaction controller includes multiple heaters and multiple temperature control elements, which are arranged near the gas inlet of the converter.

[0014] Furthermore, the plurality of heaters and the plurality of temperature control elements are located above the flow guide plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the plurality of heaters and the plurality of temperature control elements are arranged alternately around the converter furnace.

[0016] Furthermore, the temperature control element uses a temperature sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, the pulverized coal pumped from the pulverized coal silo is sent to the converter.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The device of this utility model integrates a copper heat-conducting pipe network on the wall of the fluidized bed reaction zone, breaking through the limitation of the independent operation of the traditional gasifier and waste heat recovery device. It directly converts the reaction heat (1200-1400℃) into a heat energy carrier that can be directionally transported through the circulation of heat-conducting oil, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the heat source. Through the thermal coupling design of the copper heat-conducting pipe network and the gasifier reaction zone, the high-temperature waste heat that is directly lost in the traditional technology is converted into a heat energy carrier that can be directionally transported. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the gasifier of a pulverized coal gasification reactor device that can recover waste heat, as shown in the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the reaction controller inside the converter furnace in an example embodiment.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a pulverized coal gasification reactor device capable of recovering waste heat, as described in this embodiment.

[0023] The markings in the diagram are: 1-Inlet valve, 2-Baffle plate, 3-Reaction controller, 4-Converter, 5-Outlet channel, 6-Heater, 7-Temperature control element, 8-Heat energy storage device, 9-Circulating pump, 10-Heat transfer medium tank, 11-Pulverized coal silo, 12-Gasifier. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] The present invention and its embodiments are described below. This description is not restrictive, and the actual embodiments are not limited thereto. In short, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. If "first" or "second" is used in the description, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0028] like Figures 1-3As shown, a coal powder gasification reactor device capable of recovering waste heat in this embodiment includes a gasifier 12, which is equipped with multiple air inlet valves 1, a guide plate 2, a reaction controller 3, a converter 4, and an air outlet channel 5.

[0029] The plurality of air inlet valves 1 are located at the lower end of the gasifier 12 and are responsible for controlling the coal powder feeding rate inside the gasifier 12. The guide plate 2 is located inside the gasifier 12, arranged at the same height as the air inlet valves 1, and distributed on both sides of the gasifier 12. It is responsible for guiding the airflow inside the gasifier 12 and forming an upward airflow field inside the gasifier 12.

[0030] The converter 4 is located inside the gasifier 12. The converter 4 has an air inlet at its bottom, and the reaction controller 3 is located at the lowest point inside the converter 4. The guide plate 2 is located below the converter 4 and the reaction controller 3. The converter 4 is responsible for gasifying the pulverized coal pumped from the pulverized coal silo 11 and producing and transporting the finished coal gas. The converter 4 has an exhaust channel 5 at its top, which connects to the top of the gasifier 12 and is responsible for transporting the finished coal gas generated by the converter 4 to the user unit.

[0031] The reaction controller 3 includes multiple heaters 6 and multiple temperature control elements 7, which are arranged around the perimeter of the converter 4. The function of the reaction controller is to realize the primary catalytic cracking reaction of pulverized coal, producing sufficient light components as precursors for coal gasification. In this embodiment, through the spatial arrangement of the guide plate 2 and the reaction controller 3, a two-stage reaction system is formed within the converter 4: a primary cracking zone (from the guide plate to the reaction controller) and a secondary gasification zone (from the reaction controller to the outlet gas channel 5). The heaters and temperature control elements can precisely control the reaction temperature of the pulverized coal, thereby increasing the yield of coal gasification.

[0032] In one embodiment, the reaction controller 3 is located 3m above the guide plate 2, and is positioned at the bottom air inlet of the converter 4. The reaction controller 3 includes four heaters 6 and four temperature control elements 7, which are alternately arranged around the converter 4. The specific structural arrangement is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The converter 4 is located 1m above the reaction controller 3, and the gas outlet 5 is located 5m above the reaction controller 3. The reaction controller 3 is located 3m above the guide plate 2. The temperature control element 7 is a temperature sensor.

[0033] The empty space between the gas outlet channel 5 and the reaction controller 3 is the reaction space for inducing a secondary catalytic conversion reaction of the precursor light components of coal gasification. After the secondary reaction, the precursor light components are converted into directly usable coal gas. The hot coal gas rises to the gas outlet channel 5 at the top of the converter 4 and is guided to the user end.

[0034] The gasifier 12 has an outer surface heat-conducting pipe network. One end of the heat-conducting pipes is connected to the heat transfer medium tank 10, and the other end is connected to the thermal energy storage device 8. The heat in the reaction zone is transferred to the thermal energy storage device through the circulation of the heat transfer medium in the heat-conducting pipes, thereby cooling the gasifier 12. As one embodiment, the thermal energy storage device 8 can be an asphalt storage tank.

[0035] The heat transfer medium in a coal gasification blast furnace is mainly used to transfer heat energy. Common heat transfer media include heat transfer oil, steam, molten salt, and other high heat transfer rate media. Different media have different uses. For example, heat transfer oil usually has high thermal stability and low vapor pressure, and is widely used in heat exchangers and heating systems in coal gasification plants. Steam, as a traditional heat transfer medium, is often used to drive steam turbines or as a heating medium. In this embodiment, the gasifier 12 is surrounded by a copper heat transfer pipe network containing oil. The waste heat from the gasification reaction is collected through the heat transfer pipes, and the high temperature of 1200-1400℃ generated by the gasification reaction is directly converted into a directionally transportable heat energy carrier (heat transfer oil). This achieves self-cooling of the reactor while supplying the waste heat to the asphalt storage tank.

[0036] Fuel originates from the pulverized coal silo 11. The pulverized coal is fed into the gasifier 12 through the pulverized coal feed pipe in the pulverized coal silo 11 and reacts in the converter 4. The high-temperature heat generated by the gasification reaction is absorbed in the heat-conducting pipe network (waste heat recovery tube bundle) coiled around the gasifier 12. One end of the heat-conducting pipe network is directly connected to the heat transfer medium tank 10 of the oil storage tank (an oil storage tank is used in this embodiment). The hot oil in the oil storage tank is drawn out by the circulation pump 9, and after mixing high-temperature and low-temperature return oil according to temperature requirements, it is sent back to the tube bundle of the gasifier 12 for reheating. The heated high-temperature oil then flows to the heat energy storage device 8, where it exchanges heat with the process medium. After releasing heat energy and cooling down, the oil flows back to the oil storage tank, completing a closed-loop cycle. The specific installation method is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0037] As another embodiment, a radiant waste boiler can be used to recover waste heat. Water-cooled walls are laid on the inner wall of the gasifier 12. The inlet of the radiant waste boiler is generally equipped with a straight pipe section to connect to the slag outlet of the gasifier 12, and the bottom is a slag pool. The high-temperature syngas exiting the slag outlet of the gasifier 12 enters the radiant waste boiler and first undergoes radiant heat exchange with the water-cooled walls. The water-cooled walls typically employ a membrane wall design, capable of withstanding high temperatures and effectively transferring heat. Multiple sets of water-cooled screens (including long and short water-cooled screens) are installed in the airflow channels inside the gasifier 12. These water-cooled screens are staggered along the airflow direction to increase the heat exchange area. Simultaneously, the flowing waste slag is discharged outside the system through the bottom of the converter 4. This scheme can also achieve full-process sensible heat recovery and simultaneously produce a large amount of high-temperature superheated steam, which can be used to drive the turbine or supply chemical reactions.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, a coal powder gasification reactor device capable of recovering waste heat operates by first pumping coal powder upwards from the coal powder silo 11 to activate the gasification production process. The coal powder undergoes a primary catalytic cracking reaction via the reaction controller 3, producing sufficient precursor light components for coal gasification. Then, the converter 4 induces a secondary catalytic conversion reaction in the precursor light components. After the secondary reaction, the precursor light components are converted into directly usable coal gas. The hot coal gas rises to the outlet channel 5 at the top of the gasifier, where the finished coal gas is transported. Then, the heat-conducting pipes coiled inside the gasifier 12 collect the waste heat from the gasification reaction, which is then transferred to the heat storage device 8 by heat transfer oil for release. The released heat transfer oil flows back to the circulation pump 9, is pressurized, and pumped back into the gasifier 12 to absorb the remaining reaction heat. When the circulating pump 9 detects that the pressure of the heat transfer oil in the pipe is too high (or too low), the oil tank will pump out some of the downward heat transfer oil (or replenish some of the upward heat transfer oil) to maintain the oil pressure balance in the pipe.

[0039] The preferred embodiments of this utility model disclosed above are merely illustrative of the present utility model. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the utility model to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of this utility model, enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize it.

Claims

1. A coal powder gasification reactor device capable of recycling waste heat, characterized by, Includes a gasifier (12), which is equipped with multiple air inlet valves (1), a guide plate (2), a reaction controller (3), and a converter (4); The plurality of air inlet valves (1) are located at the lower end of the gasifier (12), the guide plate (2) is located inside the gasifier (12) and distributed on both sides of the gasifier (12); the converter (4) is located inside the gasifier (12), the reaction controller (3) is located at the bottom of the converter (4), the guide plate (2) is below the converter (4) and the reaction controller (3), the converter (4) is provided with an air inlet at the bottom, and the converter (4) is provided with an air outlet channel (5) at the top, which connects to the top of the gasifier (12).

2. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 1, wherein, The gasifier (12) is equipped with a waste heat recovery device, which includes a heat-conducting pipe network located on the outer surface of the gasifier (12) and collects the waste heat from the gasification reaction through the heat-conducting pipe network.

3. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 2, wherein, One end of the heat-conducting pipe of the heat-conducting pipe network is connected to the heat-conducting medium tank (10), and the other end is connected to the thermal energy storage device. The heat of the reaction zone is transferred to the thermal energy storage device through the circulation of the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting pipe, thereby cooling the gasifier (12).

4. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 3, wherein, The medium in the heat transfer medium tank (10) is driven by a circulating pump.

5. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 1, wherein, The gasifier (12) is equipped with a waste heat recovery device, which includes a radiant waste pot, the inlet of which is connected to the slag outlet of the gasifier (12).

6. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 1, wherein, The reaction controller (3) includes multiple heaters (6) and multiple temperature control elements (7), which are arranged near the gas inlet of the converter (4).

7. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 6, wherein, The plurality of heaters (6) and the plurality of temperature control elements (7) are located above the guide plate (2).

8. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 6, wherein, The plurality of heaters (6) and the plurality of temperature control elements (7) are arranged alternately around the converter (4).

9. The coal gasification reactor device of claim 6, wherein, The temperature control element (7) uses a temperature sensor.

10. The coal gasification reactor device of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The pulverized coal silo (11) pumps pulverized coal to the converter (4).

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