Protection device for an electromagnetic lock and vehicle

Abstract

This application relates to the field of electromagnetic lock technology, and discloses a protection device and vehicle for an electromagnetic lock. The protection device includes: a relay located in the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock, and connected in series with the power supply and the operating coil in the power supply line; a control coil of the relay connected to an external power supply; when the control coil is energized, the armature of the relay is attracted, and the relay closes, thereby turning on the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock; when the control coil is de-energized, the armature of the relay is released, and the relay opens, thereby turning off the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock; the cathode of a diode is connected to the high-potential end of the power supply line, and the anode of the diode is connected to the low-potential end of the power supply line; wherein, when the power supply line is conducting, the diode is reverse-biased and cut off, or when the power supply line is disconnected, the diode is forward-biased and forms a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil in the power supply line. This application can effectively suppress the back electromotive force generated by the discharge of the operating coil after charging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electromagnetic lock technology, specifically to electromagnetic lock protection devices and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, electromagnetic locks primarily achieve their unlocking and engaging functions by charging the windings or actuating coils. However, the windings of an electromagnetic lock are essentially large coils. When these coils are charged and then discharged under the influence of a magnetic field, they generate a high back electromotive force (EMF). This back EMF can interfere with or damage electrical appliances on the same circuit.

[0003] Therefore, how to effectively suppress the reverse electromotive force generated by the electromagnetic lock winding has become a technical problem that needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a protective device for an electromagnetic lock and a vehicle.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a protection device for an electromagnetic lock, the protection device comprising: a relay and a diode;

[0006] The relay is located in the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock and is connected in series with the power supply and the actuating coil in the power supply line.

[0007] The control coil of the relay is connected to an external power source. When the control coil is energized, the armature of the relay is attracted, and the relay is closed, thereby connecting the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock. When the control coil is de-energized, the armature of the relay is released, and the relay is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock.

[0008] The cathode of the diode is connected to the high-potential end of the power supply line, and the anode of the diode is connected to the low-potential end of the power supply line; wherein, when the power supply line is on, the diode is reverse-biased and cut off, or when the power supply line is off, the diode is forward-biased and forms a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil in the power supply line.

[0009] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment has a relay located in the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock. The control coil of the relay controls the armature to engage / disengage by switching the power on and off, thereby realizing the conduction / disconnection of the power supply line. The diode adopts a connection method with the cathode connected to the high potential end of the power supply line and the anode connected to the low potential end. When the power supply line is conducting, the diode is reverse cut off, which does not affect the normal power supply of the electromagnetic lock's operating coil. When the power supply line is disconnected (the relay is disconnected), the operating coil generates a reverse electromotive force due to the release of stored energy. At this time, the diode conducts in the forward direction, forming a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil. The magnetic field energy stored in the operating coil is released through the diode, which can effectively suppress the reverse electromotive force to protect the circuit and other electrical appliances.

[0010] In one alternative implementation, the first end of the control coil is connected to an external power source, and the second end of the control coil is grounded through a resistor.

[0011] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment has a control coil whose first end is connected to an external power supply, which can power the control coil. The second end of the control coil is grounded through a resistor, which limits the current and prevents the control coil from being damaged due to excessive input current. This ensures the stability and reliability of the relay control logic, extends the relay's service life, reduces power consumption, and improves circuit safety.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the protection device further includes a control switch, wherein the first end of the control coil is connected to the external power supply via the control switch.

[0013] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment provides an externally controllable interface for the on / off switching of the relay, making the on / off control of the action coil more flexible and improving ease of use.

[0014] In one alternative implementation, the cathode of the diode is connected to the end of the relay near the operating coil, and the anode of the diode is connected to the grounded end of the resistor.

[0015] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment has a diode cathode connected to the end of the relay near the operating coil, and an anode connected to the ground terminal of the resistor. This connection method optimizes the freewheeling circuit, ensuring that when the power supply line is disconnected, the diode can quickly form a closed freewheeling circuit with the operating coil of the electromagnetic lock, efficiently release the coil's stored energy, minimize interference to electrical appliances in the same circuit, and protect electronic components.

[0016] In one optional embodiment, the relay further includes a normally open contact and a normally closed contact; the normally open contact is located at the high potential end of the power supply line.

[0017] When the control coil is energized, the armature of the relay is attracted, causing the normally open contact to close and the normally closed contact to open; when the control coil is de-energized, the armature of the relay is released, causing the normally open contact to open and the normally closed contact to close.

[0018] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment controls the closing and opening of normally open and normally closed contacts by the attraction and release of the armature when the control coil is energized / de-energized, thereby achieving reliable switching of the power supply line and avoiding mis-connection or mis-disconnection caused by relay failure. The normally open contact is located at the high-potential end of the power supply line, which can further enhance the line isolation effect when the power is off, reduce the risk of leakage, and improve circuit safety. When the control coil is de-energized and the armature is released, the normally open contact opens, which can quickly cut off the connection between the high-potential side and the electromagnetic lock operating coil, minimizing the risk of high-potential residue or leakage; while when the control coil is energized and the armature is attracted, the normally closed contact opens, which can reliably conduct the high potential to the operating coil, ensuring stable power supply.

[0019] In one alternative embodiment, the protection device further includes a fuse disposed between the power supply and the relay.

[0020] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment also includes a fuse. The fuse can quickly melt and cut off the power supply when an overcurrent occurs in the power supply line, such as a coil short circuit or power abnormality, thereby protecting the relay, the operating coil and the downstream electronic components from overcurrent damage and improving the fault resistance capability of the power supply line.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the protection device further includes: a current sensor, a thermistor, and a processing unit; the current sensor is located on the power supply line and is used to collect the current of the power supply line; the thermistor is attached to the fuse and is used to obtain the temperature of the fuse; the current sensor and the thermistor are respectively connected to the processing unit, and the processing unit is used to determine whether to blow the fuse based on the current and the temperature.

[0022] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment further includes: a current sensor, a thermistor, and a processing unit. The current sensor monitors the line current in real time, the thermistor senses the fuse temperature, and the processing unit combines the data from both to accurately determine the overload state. For example, if continuous overcurrent leads to excessively high temperature, it avoids false fuse blowout triggered by a single current threshold, improves the accuracy and reliability of overcurrent protection, and reduces unnecessary functional interruptions.

[0023] In one optional embodiment, the protection device further includes a voltage regulating module located on the power supply line, the voltage regulating module being used to monitor the voltage of the power supply line and adjust the voltage.

[0024] The protection device for the electromagnetic lock provided in this application embodiment further includes a voltage regulating module, which can stabilize the voltage of the power supply line and prevent abnormal operation of the action coil caused by voltage fluctuations.

[0025] In one alternative implementation, a plurality of diodes are provided, and each of the diodes is connected in parallel.

[0026] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment has multiple diodes connected in parallel to enhance the freewheeling capability: when a single diode fails, the remaining diodes can still work normally, ensuring that the freewheeling function is not interrupted; at the same time, the parallel structure can shunt the freewheeling current, reduce the load on a single diode, extend its service life, and improve the reliability of reverse electromotive force suppression.

[0027] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle, the vehicle including: a protection device for an electromagnetic lock according to the first aspect above or any of the corresponding optional embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protection device of the electromagnetic lock according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the protection device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0032] 1. Relay; 2. Diode; 3. Resistor; 4. Control switch; 5. Fuse; 6. Actuating coil. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Glove boxes can use mechanical locks or handles, or motors for opening and closing. However, mechanical handles affect surface cleanliness and easily accumulate dirt, while motor-controlled solutions, due to their larger space requirements, reduce the usable space of the glove box.

[0037] To overcome the shortcomings of the above two solutions, an electromagnetic lock solution based on electromagnetic effects was adopted. This solution controls the opening and closing of the lock by the attraction and separation of the coil base and the magnetic sheet. When the coil is energized, it is locked by the attraction between the magnetic force of the base and the magnetic sheet. When the coil is energized, it generates a reverse magnetic force to push the magnetic sheet open and unlock the lock. This solution can keep the glove box surface clean and reduce space occupation, and has significant advantages in improving user experience and space utilization.

[0038] However, the operating coil of an electromagnetic lock is essentially a large coil. After being energized (100ms), the coil generates a back electromotive force (EMF) of nearly 100V due to the charging and discharging process of the magnetic field energy. This back EMF can be conducted along the circuit to other electronic components in the same loop (such as the vehicle body domain controller), causing voltage fluctuations, interfering with their normal operation, and even causing damage. Furthermore, to suppress the back EMF, traditional solutions require large-scale high-side drivers or MOSFETs at the controller end, which not only increases hardware costs but also makes it difficult to adapt the controller to different electromagnetic lock requirements due to the complexity of its structure and parameters, limiting the widespread application of electromagnetic locks. Therefore, this application provides an embodiment of a protection device for electromagnetic locks to solve the above problems.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic lock protection device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the protective device of the electromagnetic lock includes the following:

[0040] Relay 1 and diode 2.

[0041] Relay 1 is located in the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock and is connected in series with the power supply and the operating coil in the power supply line.

[0042] The control coil of relay 1 is connected to an external power source. When the control coil is energized, the armature of relay 1 is attracted, and relay 1 closes, thus connecting the power supply line to the electromagnetic lock. When the control coil is de-energized, the armature of relay 1 is released, and relay 1 opens, thus disconnecting the power supply line to the electromagnetic lock.

[0043] The cathode of diode 2 is connected to the high-potential end of the power supply line, and the anode of diode 2 is connected to the low-potential end of the power supply line. When the power supply line is on, diode 2 is reverse-biased and cut off; conversely, when the power supply line is off, diode 2 is forward-biased and forms a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil 6 in the power supply line.

[0044] In this embodiment, multiple diodes 2 can be provided, and each diode 2 is connected in parallel. For example... Figure 1 As shown, two diodes are connected in parallel. As an example, diode 2 can be a Schottky diode, model SS24, i.e., a 2A / 40V Schottky diode. It can be a Schottky diode in a DO-214AC (SMA) package. Diode 2, in forward conduction, forms a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil 6 in the power supply line, enabling rapid energy release. The reverse electromotive force can be reduced to 2V, thus ensuring that appliances on the same power supply line are not affected. Connecting multiple diodes 2 in parallel enhances the freewheeling capability: if a single diode 2 fails, the remaining diodes 2 can still operate normally, ensuring uninterrupted freewheeling function. Simultaneously, the parallel structure can shunt the freewheeling current, reducing the load on individual diodes 2, extending their lifespan, and improving the reliability of reverse electromotive force suppression.

[0045] In this embodiment, relay 1 and diode 2 can be integrated into a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).

[0046] As an example, the vehicle power supply KL30 serves as the power supply for the electromagnetic lock. The KL30 outputs 13.8V, which, after passing through the electromagnetic inductor and DC-DC converter, provides 12V to the body domain controller. The external power supply is a low-voltage, low-current signal source output from the body domain controller to power the control coil of relay 1. For example, it is a valid control signal with a current less than 1A output from the body domain controller. This valid control signal is transmitted to the PCBA board via the STPIM interface (a dedicated board-level signal interface between the body domain controller and the execution circuit PCBA) to power the control coil of relay 1.

[0047] When the vehicle domain controller outputs a valid control signal, the control coil of relay 1 is energized, generating electromagnetic force to attract the armature, and relay 1 closes. At this time, the KL30 power supply line is connected to the electromagnetic lock's operating coil 6 through relay 1. Electrical energy is transmitted to the operating coil 6 via the spring contact line, driving the glove box to complete the electromagnetic lock's engaging / unlocking functions. When the vehicle domain controller stops outputting a valid control signal or the signal is abnormal, the current transmitted to the control coil of relay 1 is interrupted, the control coil of relay 1 is de-energized, the electromagnetic force disappears, the armature is released, and relay 1 opens. At this time, the electromagnetic lock's power supply line is cut off, and the operating coil 6 stops working, preventing malfunctions caused by abnormal power supply. When the power supply line is on (relay 1 closed): Electrical energy from the power supply is transmitted to the operating coil 6 through relay 1. At this time, the cathode potential of diode 2 is greater than the anode potential, therefore it is reverse-cut off and does not affect the normal power supply process. When the power supply line is off (relay 1 open): The electromagnetic lock's operating coil 6 is an inductive load, and a reverse electromotive force will be generated due to electromagnetic induction at the moment of power failure. At this time, the reverse electromotive force makes the anode potential of diode 2 greater than the cathode potential, and diode 2 conducts in the forward direction, forming a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil 6. The reverse electromotive force is dissipated through the freewheeling circuit, preventing high reverse voltage from damaging relay 1 or other components, thus achieving reverse protection of the power supply line.

[0048] In this embodiment, the protective device applied to the electromagnetic lock includes a winding coil. The winding coil includes an operating coil 6, a coil base, and a magnetic plate / armature. The operating coil 6 and the coil base are assembled as one unit. The operating coil 6 specifically includes two parallel sub-coils. The attraction process relies on the electromagnetic attraction of the coil base to attract the magnetic plate / armature. When the operating coil 6 is energized, a reverse magnetic force is generated to push the magnetic plate away.

[0049] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment has a relay 1 located in the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock. The control coil of the relay 1 controls the armature to engage / disengage by switching the power on and off, thereby realizing the conduction / disconnection of the power supply line. The diode 2 is connected with its cathode connected to the high potential end of the power supply line and its anode connected to the low potential end. When the power supply line is conducting, the diode 2 is reverse-biased and does not affect the normal power supply to the electromagnetic lock's operating coil 6. When the power supply line is disconnected (relay 1 is disconnected), the operating coil 6 generates a reverse electromotive force due to the release of stored energy. At this time, the diode 2 conducts in the forward direction, forming a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil 6. The magnetic field energy stored in the operating coil 6 is released through the diode 2, which can effectively suppress the reverse electromotive force to protect the circuit and other electrical appliances.

[0050] In one alternative implementation, the first end (pin 4) of the control coil is connected to an external power supply, and the second end (pin 3) of the control coil is grounded through resistor 3.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first end of the control coil is specifically connected to the signal output end of the vehicle domain controller.

[0052] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment has a control coil whose first end is connected to an external power supply, which can supply power to the control coil. The second end of the control coil is grounded through a resistor 3, which limits the current and prevents the control coil from being damaged due to excessive input current. This ensures the stability and reliability of the control logic of relay 1, extends the service life of relay 1, reduces power consumption, and improves circuit safety.

[0053] In an optional embodiment, the protection device further includes a control switch 4, wherein the first end of the control coil is connected to an external power supply via the control switch 4.

[0054] In this embodiment of the application, as an example, the model number of control switch 4 can be 175781-1. For example... Figure 1 As shown, pin 2 of control switch 4 can be connected to the signal output terminal of the vehicle domain controller, pin 1 of control switch 4 can be connected to the vehicle power supply KL30, and pin 3 of control switch 4 is grounded.

[0055] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment provides an externally controllable interface for the on / off of the relay 1 through the control switch 4, making the on / off control of the action coil 6 more flexible and improving ease of use.

[0056] In one alternative implementation, the cathode of diode 2 is connected to the end of relay 1 near the operating coil 6, and the anode of diode 2 is connected to the grounded end of resistor 3.

[0057] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment has a diode 2 connected in parallel across the two ends of the electromagnetic lock's operating coil 6, with its cathode connected to the line between the relay 1 and the operating coil 6 (the end closer to the operating coil 6), and its anode connected to the ground terminal of the resistor 3. This connection method optimizes the freewheeling circuit, ensuring that when the power supply line is disconnected, the diode 2 can quickly form a closed freewheeling circuit with the electromagnetic lock's operating coil 6, efficiently releasing the coil's stored energy, minimizing interference to electrical appliances in the same circuit, and protecting electronic components.

[0058] In one alternative embodiment, relay 1 further includes a normally open contact and a normally closed contact. The normally open contact is located at the high potential end of the power supply line. When relay 1 is not energized, the normally open contact is open, and the normally closed contact is closed.

[0059] When the control coil is energized, the armature of relay 1 is attracted, causing the normally open contacts (pins 2 and 5) to close and the normally closed contacts (pins 1 and 5) to open. When the control coil is de-energized, the armature of relay 1 is released, causing the normally open contacts to open and the normally closed contacts to close. The cathode of diode 2 can be connected to pin 2.

[0060] In this embodiment, the high-potential output terminal (positive terminal) of the power supply of the electromagnetic lock is connected to pin 5 of the normally open contact of the relay 1, pin 2 of the normally open contact of the relay 1 is connected to one end (marked as 1) of the actuation coil 6 of the electromagnetic lock, and the other end (marked as 2) of the actuation coil 6 is grounded.

[0061] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment controls the normally open and normally closed contacts by the engagement / disengagement of the armature when the control coil is energized / de-energized, thereby achieving reliable switching of the power supply line and avoiding mis-connection or mis-disengagement caused by relay 1 failure. The normally open contact is located at the high-potential end of the power supply line, which can further enhance the line isolation effect when the power is off, reduce the risk of leakage, and improve circuit safety. When the control coil is de-energized and the armature is released, the normally open contact opens, which can quickly cut off the connection between the high-potential side and the electromagnetic lock operating coil 6, minimizing the risk of high-potential residue or leakage. When the control coil is energized and the armature is engaged, the normally closed contact opens, which can reliably conduct the high potential to the operating coil 6, ensuring stable power supply.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the protection device further includes a fuse 5 disposed between the power supply and the relay 1.

[0063] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment also includes a fuse 5. The fuse 5 can quickly melt and cut off the power supply when an overcurrent occurs in the power supply line, such as a coil short circuit or power abnormality, thereby protecting the relay 1, the operating coil 6 and the downstream electronic components from overcurrent damage and improving the fault resistance capability of the power supply line.

[0064] As an example, in the case where the protection device is integrated into the PCBA, the circuit principle of the protection device is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the PCBA integrates a 3-pin interface: one pin connects to the vehicle power supply KL30, one pin connects to the signal output of the body domain controller, and one pin is grounded. The vehicle power supply KL30, the body domain controller, and the internal circuitry of the PCBA are electrically connected via this 3-pin interface. The PCBA integrates a relay K1, a resistor R10, and diodes D1 and D2. The control coil of relay K1 receives valid control signals from the body domain controller. When energized, it generates electromagnetic force, driving the normally open and normally closed contacts to operate. Diodes D1 and D2 are connected in parallel. If the relay's control coil is de-energized, diodes D1 and D2 absorb the reverse electromotive force, preventing voltage surges that could damage the body domain controller. Resistor R10 is connected in series with the relay coil to limit the control coil current, preventing excessive current from burning out the control coil.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the protection device further includes a current sensor, a thermistor 3, and a processing unit. The current sensor is located on the power supply line and is used to collect the current of the power supply line. The thermistor 3 is attached to the fuse 5 and is used to obtain the temperature of the fuse 5. The current sensor and the thermistor 3 are respectively connected to the processing unit, which is used to determine whether to blow the fuse 5 based on the current and temperature.

[0066] In this embodiment, the processing unit is specifically used to determine that fuse 5 will blow when the current is greater than a current threshold and the temperature is greater than a temperature threshold, and to determine that fuse 5 will not blow when the current is less than or equal to the current threshold, or the temperature is less than or equal to the temperature threshold. The processing unit can also be used to determine a potential short-circuit risk when a current spike (current increases to several or tens of times the normal current) or a temperature slope greater than a slope threshold is detected, and to trigger fuse protection 5 50ms in advance. The time difference between the occurrence of a potential short-circuit risk and the occurrence of a complete short circuit can be determined through preliminary testing: for example, in simulating a short-circuit scenario, the time from the occurrence of a potential short-circuit risk to the complete short circuit is recorded. This time difference is typically about 50-100ms. Based on this, the protection trigger time is set to act immediately after the potential short-circuit risk is detected, completing the fuse blowing within exactly 50ms to avoid circuit damage. As an example, a thyristor switch is connected in parallel across fuse 5. The thyristor switch is connected to a processing unit, which generates a fusing command when it determines that fuse 5 should be blown based on current and temperature. This command controls the thyristor switch to conduct, forming a series circuit with fuse 5. This instantaneously amplifies the current flowing through the fuse to several times its rated fusing current, thus blowing the fuse. As another example, the processing unit can be connected to a control switch (specifically pin 3). The processing unit uses the control switch to cut off the power supply to simulate a fusing effect.

[0067] In this embodiment of the application, as an example, the current sensor may be a Hall effect sensor ACS712ELCTR-5A-T, the thermistor 3 may be a TDK L862 series thermistor 3, such as B57862L0104F, a 100kΩ thermistor 3 with ±1% accuracy, and the processing unit may be a microprocessor or a single-chip microcomputer PIC16F887.

[0068] The electromagnetic lock protection device provided in this application embodiment also includes: a current sensor, a thermistor 3, and a processing unit. The current sensor monitors the line current in real time, the thermistor 3 senses the temperature of the fuse 5, and the processing unit combines the data of both to accurately determine the overload state. For example, if continuous overcurrent causes the temperature to be too high, it avoids false melting triggered by a single current threshold, improves the accuracy and reliability of overcurrent protection, and reduces unnecessary functional interruptions.

[0069] In one optional embodiment, the protection device further includes a voltage regulating module located on the power supply line, which monitors the voltage of the power supply line and adjusts the voltage.

[0070] In this embodiment, as an example, the voltage regulation module can be a DC voltage regulation module, such as the LM2596S-ADJ. Specifically, the voltage regulation module monitors the voltage of the power supply line, compares the real-time monitored voltage with the target voltage value, calculates the deviation, and if the deviation exceeds the allowable range, dynamically adjusts the output voltage through pulse width modulation. The voltage regulation module can stabilize the voltage of the power supply line and prevent abnormal operation of the operating coil 6 caused by voltage fluctuations.

[0071] Typically, when the actuating coil discharges after charging, generating a back electromotive force (EMF) approaching 100V, a large high-side voltage is introduced at the controller. This is costly, and controllers are generally platform-based components. Furthermore, due to the large current flow, it is often difficult to incorporate a large high-side voltage into the controller, resulting in poor back EMF suppression. This application uses a separate design based on conventional electromagnetic lock solutions, with an external relay isolating the large current. An external freewheeling diode releases the coil's stored energy, reducing the back EMF. This expands the application range of the individual electromagnetic lock, is independent of the overall vehicle's high-side voltage requirements, simplifies the design, and adds an external protection device specific to the coil characteristics to the electromagnetic lock, further broadening its application scope.

[0072] This application also provides a vehicle, which includes: the protection device of the electromagnetic lock described above or the protection device of the electromagnetic lock of any of its optional embodiments.

[0073] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A protective device for an electromagnetic lock, characterized in that, include: Relays and diodes; The relay is located in the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock and is connected in series with the power supply and the actuation coil in the power supply line. The control coil of the relay is connected to an external power source. When the control coil is energized, the armature of the relay is attracted, and the relay is closed, thereby connecting the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock. When the control coil is de-energized, the armature of the relay is released, and the relay is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the power supply line of the electromagnetic lock. The cathode of the diode is connected to the high-potential end of the power supply line, and the anode of the diode is connected to the low-potential end of the power supply line; wherein, when the power supply line is on, the diode is reverse-biased and cut off, or when the power supply line is off, the diode is forward-biased and forms a freewheeling circuit with the operating coil in the power supply line.

2. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first end of the control coil is connected to an external power source, and the second end of the control coil is grounded through a resistor.

3. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protection device further includes a control switch, wherein the first end of the control coil is connected to the external power supply through the control switch.

4. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cathode of the diode is connected to the end of the relay near the operating coil, and the anode of the diode is connected to the grounded end of the resistor.

5. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relay also includes normally open contacts and normally closed contacts; the normally open contacts are located at the high potential end of the power supply line; When the control coil is energized, the armature of the relay is attracted, causing the normally open contact to close and the normally closed contact to open; when the control coil is de-energized, the armature of the relay is released, causing the normally open contact to open and the normally closed contact to close.

6. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection device further includes a fuse, which is disposed between the power supply and the relay.

7. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protection device further includes: a current sensor, a thermistor, and a processing unit; the current sensor is located on the power supply line and is used to collect the current of the power supply line; the thermistor is attached to the fuse and is used to obtain the temperature of the fuse; the current sensor and the thermistor are respectively connected to the processing unit, and the processing unit is used to determine whether to blow the fuse based on the current and the temperature.

8. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection device further includes a voltage regulating module located on the power supply line, which is used to monitor the voltage of the power supply line and adjust the voltage.

9. The protective device for the electromagnetic lock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diodes are provided in multiples, and each diode is connected in parallel.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the protective device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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