Shaft cutting tools

Abstract

This application provides a vertical shaft cutter, belonging to the field of drilling equipment. The vertical shaft cutter includes a spindle, a cutter body, a pressure sleeve, and a sealing gasket. The pressure sleeve is threaded into the mounting hole of the cutter body and is sealed with the first conical sealing surface of the spindle by a main sealing ring. When the main sealing ring wears to a certain extent, the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface can be reduced by rotating the pressure sleeve, thereby increasing the contact pressure of the main sealing ring and compensating for the decrease in sealing performance caused by the wear of the main sealing ring. The first shoulder of the pressure sleeve is sealed with the first radial sealing surface by a sealing gasket, and the sealing gasket can elastically deform in the thickness direction, which can ensure the seal and also allow the sealing gasket to be compressed when the pressure sleeve is rotated, thereby allowing the axial movement of the pressure sleeve. The use of a first conical sealing surface makes the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface change less when the pressure sleeve is screwed in, thereby enabling more precise adjustment of the sealing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of drilling equipment technology, and more specifically, relates to a vertical shaft cutter. Background Technology

[0002] In infrastructure, mining, and other fields, shafts are critical access points, and their construction quality and efficiency significantly impact project progress, cost, and safety. As projects progress towards deeper and more complex geological conditions, the performance of shaft cutterheads, as the core tool for tunneling, becomes a key factor. Shaft cutterheads are installed on the cutterhead of a tunneling machine, and their rotation drives the cutting process, breaking rocks through the pressure of the cutting edges. Compared to traditional drill-and-blast methods, they offer higher construction efficiency, better safety, and superior cross-sectional shaping, making them the mainstream solution for medium to large-scale shaft construction.

[0003] A typical shaft hob includes components such as the cutter body, spindle, and bearings. To prevent rock cuttings and mud from entering the bearing cavity and to avoid grease leakage, shaft hobs are usually equipped with a sealing structure, and the performance of the sealing structure directly affects the hob's lifespan and reliability. Existing shaft hobs typically use multiple sealing rings to improve sealing performance. While this method can improve the sealing effect, wear will still occur after prolonged use, leading to a decrease in sealing effectiveness. The sealing performance cannot be maintained for a long time, and the sealing structure needs to be replaced after a period of use, resulting in a high replacement frequency and impacting operation. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a shaft cutterhead to solve the technical problems in the prior art where the sealing performance cannot be maintained for a long time and the sealing structure needs to be replaced frequently.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: On the one hand, a shaft hobbing cutter is provided, comprising: The main shaft has two connecting ends, and a first conical sealing surface is provided on the outer periphery of the neck of one connecting end; the diameter of the first conical sealing surface gradually increases in the direction from the connecting end to the middle of the main shaft. The cutter body has a mounting hole along the central axis, and one end is also provided with a first radial sealing surface surrounding the opening of the mounting hole; the cutter body is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the spindle through a rotating structure in the mounting hole; The pressure sleeve has an outer circumference that is threaded to one end of the mounting hole, and a main sealing ring is provided between its inner circumferential surface and the first conical sealing surface; and Sealing gaskets can elastically deform in the thickness direction; The pressure sleeve has a first shoulder protruding on its outer periphery at the end away from the blade body, and the inner end face of the first shoulder and the first radial sealing surface are arranged opposite to each other in the axial direction of the blade body. The sealing gasket is sealed between the inner end face of the first shoulder and the first radial sealing surface.

[0006] In some embodiments, the spindle includes a shaft body and a main end cap; the main end cap has a first shaft hole and is fitted onto the neck of one end of the shaft body through the first shaft hole; the outer peripheral surface of the main end cap forms the first conical sealing surface.

[0007] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the main end cap extends axially toward the inner side of the blade body to form an outer ring sleeve; the first conical sealing surface extends to the outer periphery of the outer ring sleeve.

[0008] In some embodiments, the inner circumferential surface of the pressure sleeve is a second conical sealing surface, and the diameter of the second conical sealing surface gradually increases in the direction from the connecting end to the center of the main shaft; the second conical sealing surface is provided with one or more main sealing grooves, and the main sealing ring is respectively embedded in each of the main sealing grooves.

[0009] In some embodiments, the sealing gasket is a metal spiral wound gasket.

[0010] In some embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the blade body is conical, and the pressure sleeve is located at the large end of the blade body.

[0011] In some embodiments, the shaft body has a raised second shoulder on the outer periphery of the fixed end of the main end cap, and the second shoulder is annular around the circumference of the shaft body. The inner periphery of the main end cap is located on the side of the second shoulder away from the blade body and is fixed and limited to the second shoulder.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner side of the main end cap is provided with an inner ring sleeve portion, and the inner side of the main end cap is provided with a radial first mating surface located within the inner ring sleeve portion; The second shoulder is embedded in the inner ring sleeve, and the outer peripheral surface of the second shoulder forms a sealing fit with the inner wall surface of the inner ring sleeve, and the outer end face is in contact with the first mating surface.

[0013] In some embodiments, the end face of the pressure sleeve facing away from the cutter body is provided with a rotating insertion hole, which is a blind hole.

[0014] In some embodiments, the outer contour of the radial section of the shaft connection end is rectangular, and the radial section of the first shaft hole is a rectangle that matches the connection end of the shaft.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the shaft hoist provided in this application embodiment are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the shaft hoist of this application embodiment has a pressure sleeve threadedly installed in the mounting hole of the cutter body and sealed with the first conical sealing surface of the spindle through the main sealing ring. When the main sealing ring is worn to a certain extent, the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface can be reduced by rotating the pressure sleeve, thereby increasing the contact pressure of the main sealing ring, compensating for the decrease in sealing performance caused by the wear of the main sealing ring, maintaining the sealing performance at a high level, and also reducing the frequency of replacement of the main sealing ring. The first shoulder of the pressure sleeve is sealed to the first radial sealing surface by a sealing gasket, and the sealing gasket can be elastically deformed in the thickness direction, which can ensure the seal and also allow the sealing gasket to be compressed when the pressure sleeve is rotated, thereby allowing the axial movement of the pressure sleeve. By using a first conical sealing surface, the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface changes less when the pressure sleeve is screwed in, thus enabling more precise adjustment of the sealing performance and avoiding excessive frictional resistance caused by excessive adjustment at one time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A perspective view of a shaft cutter provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the vertical shaft cutterhead; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0018] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 1-Main spindle; 11-Connecting end; 12-First conical sealing surface; 13-Shaft body; 131-Second shoulder; 14-Main end cap; 141-First shaft hole; 142-Inner ring sleeve; 143-Outer ring sleeve; 2-Cutter body; 21-Mounting hole; 22-First radial sealing surface; 3-Pressure sleeve; 31-Main sealing ring; 32-First shoulder; 33-Second conical sealing surface; 34-Main sealing groove; 35-Rotating insertion hole; 4-Sealing gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0021] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" or "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3 The following describes the shaft cutter provided in the embodiments of this application. A shaft cutter includes: The main shaft has two connecting ends, and a first conical sealing surface is provided on the outer periphery of the neck of one connecting end; the diameter of the first conical sealing surface gradually increases in the direction from the connecting end to the middle of the main shaft; The cutter body has a mounting hole along the central axis, and one end also has a first radial sealing surface surrounding the opening of the mounting hole; the cutter body is rotatably sleeved on the outer circumference of the spindle through a rotating structure in the mounting hole; The pressure sleeve has an outer circumference that is threaded to one end of the mounting hole, and a main sealing ring is provided between the inner circumferential surface and the first conical sealing surface; and Sealing gaskets can elastically deform in the thickness direction; The outer periphery of the end of the pressure sleeve away from the cutter body is provided with a first shoulder that protrudes outward, and the inner end face of the first shoulder and the first radial sealing surface are arranged opposite to each other in the axial direction of the cutter body. The sealing gasket is sealed between the inner end face of the first shoulder and the first radial sealing surface.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of this application, the shaft hoist has a pressure sleeve threaded in the mounting hole of the cutter body and is sealed with the first conical sealing surface of the spindle by the main sealing ring. When the main sealing ring is worn to a certain extent, the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface can be reduced by rotating the pressure sleeve, thereby increasing the contact pressure of the main sealing ring, compensating for the decrease in sealing performance caused by the wear of the main sealing ring, maintaining the sealing performance at a high level, and also reducing the frequency of replacement of the main sealing ring. The first shoulder of the pressure sleeve is sealed to the first radial sealing surface by a sealing gasket, and the sealing gasket can be elastically deformed in the thickness direction, which can ensure the seal and also allow the sealing gasket to be compressed when the pressure sleeve is rotated, thereby allowing the axial movement of the pressure sleeve. By using a first conical sealing surface, the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface changes less when the pressure sleeve is screwed in, thus enabling more precise adjustment of the sealing performance and avoiding excessive frictional resistance caused by excessive adjustment at one time.

[0025] In this embodiment, the two connecting ends of the spindle are used to mount the vertical shaft cutter onto the vertical shaft drilling rig. The neck of the spindle connecting end, which is the connection point between the connecting end and the middle part of the spindle, is usually sealed by rotation. The neck of the spindle connecting end can be directly machined to form the first conical sealing surface, or it can be formed by other structures.

[0026] The cutter body is approximately cylindrical, with a mounting hole at the central axis and open at both ends. An annular radial plane is machined around one end of the cutter body, forming a first radial sealing surface. The cutter body is fitted onto the middle portion of the spindle through the mounting hole. A rotating structure (such as a bearing pair) is installed within the mounting hole to achieve a rotatable connection between the cutter body and the spindle. The specific structure of the rotational engagement between the cutter body and the spindle can be found in existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0027] The outer circumference of one end of the pressure sleeve is provided with a first shoulder, which is annular. The outer circumference of the pressure sleeve is provided with external threads to achieve threaded engagement with one end of the mounting hole. The pressure sleeve is installed into the mounting hole via the external threads at the end with the first radial sealing surface. When the pressure sleeve is installed into the mounting hole, the end without the first shoulder enters the mounting hole, while the end with the first shoulder faces away from the tool body. After the pressure sleeve is installed into the mounting hole, the end face of the pressure sleeve facing the tool body is the inner end face, and the inner end face is axially opposite to the first radial sealing surface of the tool body.

[0028] A sealing gasket is placed between the inner end face of the first shoulder and the first radial sealing surface. During assembly, after the pressure sleeve is installed into the mounting hole, the pressure sleeve and the external cutter body achieve a static seal through the sealing gasket, while the pressure sleeve and the internal spindle achieve a sliding seal through the first conical sealing surface and the main sealing ring. When the main sealing ring between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface wears, the pressure sleeve can be rotated to reduce the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface, increasing the contact pressure of the main sealing ring and improving the sealing performance. Because the first conical sealing surface is conical, when the pressure sleeve is rotated in one unit, the reduction in the gap between the pressure sleeve and the first conical sealing surface is less than one unit. This allows for precise adjustment of the sealing performance, avoiding excessive adjustment at one time, which would lead to excessive frictional resistance and affect the starting torque of the shaft cutter.

[0029] The sealing gasket can be an existing gasket that can produce large elastic deformation in the thickness direction. When the pressure sleeve is screwed in, the sealing gasket is squeezed by the first shoulder of the pressure sleeve, causing a change in thickness.

[0030] It is worth noting that during the initial assembly, the gasket is squeezed to a certain extent by the first shoulder of the pressure sleeve, which is sufficient to meet the required sealing requirements. After the main sealing ring wears down, the pressure sleeve continues to screw in, and the gasket is further compressed, which still meets the sealing requirements.

[0031] In practice, the fit between the spindle and the cutter body of the vertical shaft cutter can be achieved using the pressure sleeve and sealing gasket structure of this application; alternatively, the fit between one end of the spindle and the cutter body can use the pressure sleeve and sealing gasket structure of this application, while the other end uses a conventional fit structure.

[0032] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the main shaft includes a shaft body and a main end cover; the main end cover has a first shaft hole and is sleeved on the neck of one end of the shaft body through the first shaft hole; the outer peripheral surface of the main end cover forms a first conical sealing surface.

[0033] In this embodiment, the spindle adopts a structure of shaft body and main end cover, which facilitates production, processing and subsequent maintenance.

[0034] During assembly, first install the shaft into the tool body via a rotating structure (such as a bearing pair), then install and fix the main end cap onto the shaft, and finally install the pressure sleeve.

[0035] Please see Figure 3 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the outer periphery of the main end cover extends axially toward the inner side of the cutter body to form an outer ring sleeve; the first conical sealing surface extends to the outer periphery of the outer ring sleeve.

[0036] In this embodiment, by setting an outer ring sleeve, the area of ​​the first conical sealing surface can be increased when the overall thickness of the main end cover is relatively thin, which facilitates the formation of a rotational seal between the first conical sealing surface and the pressure sleeve.

[0037] In practice, the outer ring sleeve is integrally formed on the outer periphery of the main end cover. The whole can be cast and then the first conical sealing surface is machined by a lathe.

[0038] Please see Figure 3 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the inner circumferential surface of the pressure sleeve is a second conical sealing surface, and the diameter of the second conical sealing surface gradually increases in the direction from the connecting end to the middle of the main shaft; the second conical sealing surface is provided with one or more main sealing grooves, and each main sealing groove is fitted with a main sealing ring.

[0039] In this embodiment, a sealing gap is formed between the second conical sealing surface and the first conical sealing surface. Multiple main sealing grooves are provided on the second conical sealing surface for installing multiple main sealing rings, thereby improving sealing performance.

[0040] In practice, both the second conical sealing surface and the first conical sealing surface are conical, and they have the same taper.

[0041] Please see Figure 3 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the sealing gasket is a metal spiral wound gasket.

[0042] In this embodiment, the metal spiral wound gasket is made of steel strip and graphite strip coiled together. The cross-section of the steel strip is V-shaped, which allows the coiled metal spiral wound gasket to undergo a certain amount of compression deformation in the thickness direction.

[0043] In other embodiments, the sealing gasket may be a porous or hollow rubber gasket, and there are no limitations on this.

[0044] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the outer peripheral surface of the cutter body is conical, and the pressure sleeve is located at the large end of the cutter body.

[0045] In this embodiment, the large end of the cutter body has a large area and ample space, facilitating the installation of structures such as pressure sleeves and main end caps. In specific implementation, cutting teeth are embedded on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter body.

[0046] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the outer periphery of the fixed end of the shaft passing through the main end cover is provided with a protruding second shoulder, and the second shoulder is an annular ring surrounding the shaft in the circumferential direction. The inner circumference of the main end cap is located on the side of the second shoulder away from the blade body and is fixed to the second shoulder.

[0047] In this embodiment, the main end cap is fixed to the shaft via a second shoulder, and the second shoulder can axially position the main end cap.

[0048] In practice, the neck of the fixed end of the shaft is machined with an annular shoulder to form a second shoulder. The second shoulder and the main end cover are provided with bolt holes that are opposite to each other along the shaft axis, and the two are fixed by bolts.

[0049] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the inner side of the main end cover is provided with an inner ring sleeve, and the inner side of the main end cover is provided with a radial first mating surface located inside the inner ring sleeve. The second shoulder is embedded in the inner ring sleeve, and the outer peripheral surface of the second shoulder forms a sealing fit with the inner wall surface of the inner ring sleeve, and the outer end face fits against the first mating surface.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first mating surface of the main end cap fits against the outer end face of the second shoulder, positioning the main end cap axially along the shaft. The outer peripheral surface of the second shoulder forms a sealing fit with the inner wall surface of the inner ring sleeve, preventing external mud and water from intruding through the mating gap between the main end cap and the shaft.

[0051] In a practical implementation, the inner ring sleeve is integrally formed on the inner side of the main end cap, and the inner diameter of the inner ring sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the first shaft hole on the main end cap, thereby forming a radial first mating surface surrounding the first shaft hole on the portion of the main end cap located within the inner ring sleeve. The outer peripheral surface of the second shoulder can be provided with a sealing groove, and then a sealing ring can be installed to achieve a sealing fit with the inner wall surface of the inner ring sleeve.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 As a specific embodiment of the shaft cutter provided in this application, the end face of the pressure sleeve facing away from the cutter body is provided with a rotating insertion hole, which is a blind hole.

[0053] In this embodiment, the pressure sleeve is threaded onto one end of the mounting hole. A tool can be used to hold the rotating insertion hole, thereby driving the pressure sleeve to rotate and realize the screwing in and out of the pressure sleeve. The rotating insertion hole is a blind hole to prevent external mud and water from entering the cutter body through the rotating insertion hole.

[0054] In practice, the end face of the pressure sleeve facing away from the cutter body is provided with multiple rotating insertion holes, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the pressure sleeve.

[0055] Please see Figure 1 As a specific embodiment of the shaft hob provided in this application, the outer contour of the radial section of the shaft connection end is rectangular, and the radial section of the first shaft hole is a rectangle that matches the connection end of the shaft.

[0056] In this embodiment, the connecting end of the shaft can be easily fixed to the vertical shaft drilling rig. The first shaft hole allows the connecting end of the shaft to pass through while reducing the area of ​​the first shaft hole.

[0057] In practical implementation, the area of ​​the second shoulder can completely block the first shaft hole, and the inner ring sleeve completely fits inside the first shaft hole, thereby ensuring that the first shaft hole is completely blocked and the seal is guaranteed.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A shaft mill, characterized in that include: The main shaft has two connecting ends, and a first conical sealing surface is provided on the outer periphery of the neck of one connecting end; the diameter of the first conical sealing surface gradually increases in the direction from the connecting end to the middle of the main shaft. The cutter body has a mounting hole along its own central axis, and one end also has a first radial sealing surface surrounding the opening of the mounting hole; the cutter body is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the spindle through a rotating structure in the mounting hole; The pressure sleeve has an outer circumference that is threaded to one end of the mounting hole, and a main sealing ring is provided between its inner circumferential surface and the first conical sealing surface; and Sealing gaskets can elastically deform in the thickness direction; The pressure sleeve has a first shoulder protruding on its outer periphery at the end away from the blade body, and the inner end face of the first shoulder is disposed opposite to the first radial sealing surface in the axial direction of the blade body. The sealing gasket is sealed between the inner end face of the first shoulder and the first radial sealing surface.

2. The shaft cutterhead as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main shaft includes a shaft body and a main end cap; the main end cap has a first shaft hole and is sleeved onto the neck of one end of the shaft body through the first shaft hole; the outer peripheral surface of the main end cap forms the first conical sealing surface.

3. The shaft cutterhead as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the main end cap extends axially toward the inner side of the blade body to form an outer ring sleeve; the first conical sealing surface extends to the outer periphery of the outer ring sleeve.

4. The shaft cutterhead as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner circumferential surface of the pressure sleeve is a second conical sealing surface, and the diameter of the second conical sealing surface gradually increases in the direction from the connecting end to the middle of the main shaft; the second conical sealing surface is provided with one or more main sealing grooves, and the main sealing ring is respectively embedded in each of the main sealing grooves.

5. The shaft cutterhead as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing gasket is a metal spiral wound gasket.

6. The shaft cutter head as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The outer peripheral surface of the blade body is conical, and the pressure sleeve is located at the large end of the blade body.

7. The shaft cutter head as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The shaft body has a raised second shoulder on the outer periphery of the fixed end of the main end cover, and the second shoulder is annular around the shaft body in the circumferential direction. The inner periphery of the main end cap is located on the side of the second shoulder away from the blade body and is fixed and limited to the second shoulder.

8. The shaft cutter head as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The inner side of the main end cap is provided with an inner ring sleeve portion, and the inner side of the main end cap is provided with a radial first mating surface located within the inner ring sleeve portion; The second shoulder is embedded in the inner ring sleeve, and the outer peripheral surface of the second shoulder forms a sealing fit with the inner wall surface of the inner ring sleeve, and the outer end face is in contact with the first mating surface.

9. The shaft cutterhead as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The end face of the pressure sleeve facing away from the cutter body is provided with a rotating insertion hole, which is a blind hole.

10. The shaft cutterhead as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The outer contour of the radial section of the shaft connection end is rectangular, and the radial section of the first shaft hole is a rectangle that matches the connection end of the shaft.

Images