A shield machine cutter head and a shield machine for shield construction

Abstract

This utility model discloses a shield machine cutterhead and a shield machine for shield tunneling construction. The shield machine cutterhead includes: a central double-link replaceable tearing cutter located at the center of the cutterhead; replaceable tearing cutters arranged around the central double-link replaceable tearing cutter; replaceable single-edged roller cutters arranged on the outer ring of the cutterhead; and welded tearing cutters arranged along the trajectory of the replaceable single-edged roller cutters. The height of the central double-link replaceable tearing cutter, the height of the replaceable single-edged roller cutter, and the height of the replaceable tearing cutter are the same and greater than the height of the welded tearing cutter. The track gauge of the replaceable single-edged roller cutter and the track gauge of the replaceable tearing cutter are the same and greater than the track gauge of the central double-link replaceable tearing cutter. The number of central double-link replaceable tearing cutters is less than the number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters, the number of replaceable tearing cutters, and the number of welded tearing cutters. The number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters is greater than the number of replaceable tearing cutters but less than the number of welded tearing cutters, which can control the risks of shield tunneling construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of engineering construction technology, and in particular to a shield machine cutterhead and shield machine for shield tunneling construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction industry, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) need to remove reinforced diaphragm walls and pass through reinforced zones when tunneling through underground structures. This can result in significant thrust and torque, potentially causing cutter damage or even jamming of the TBM. Traditional cutterheads are prone to problems such as cutter breakage and uneven wear due to slag accumulation, leading to frequent cutter replacements and cutterhead jamming. This can result in downtime for cutter replacements on existing railway lines, increasing the risk of accidents such as water inrush and soil collapse, and posing a significant threat to the safety of train operations on existing lines, thus reducing the safety factor of TBM construction. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a shield machine cutterhead and shield machine for shield tunneling construction, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems and risks.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a tunnel boring machine cutterhead for shield tunneling is provided, comprising: a central double-link replaceable tearing cutter located at the center of the cutterhead; a replaceable tearing cutter arranged around the central double-link replaceable tearing cutter; a replaceable single-edged hob cutter arranged on the outer ring of the cutterhead; and a welded tearing cutter arranged along the trajectory of the replaceable single-edged hob cutter, wherein the heights of the central double-link replaceable tearing cutter, the replaceable single-edged hob cutter, and the replaceable tearing cutter are the same and greater than the height of the welded tearing cutter, wherein the track gauge of the replaceable single-edged hob cutter and the replaceable single-edged hob cutter are... The track gauge of the tearing cutters is consistent and greater than that of the central double-link replaceable tearing cutters. The number of central double-link replaceable tearing cutters is less than the number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters, the number of replaceable tearing cutters, and the number of welded tearing cutters. The number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters is greater than the number of replaceable tearing cutters but less than the number of welded tearing cutters. The tunnel boring machine cutterhead has three layers: a first layer with a first height, mainly comprising a first number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters and a second number of replaceable tearing cutters, wherein the first number is greater than the second number; a second layer with a second height, primarily composed of welded tearing cutters; and a third layer with a third height, consisting of side scrapers.

[0005] Optionally, the center-mounted replaceable tear blade includes a first set of center-mounted replaceable tear blades and a second set of center-mounted replaceable tear blades, wherein the first set of center-mounted replaceable tear blades consists of two center-mounted replaceable tear blades arranged laterally, and the second set of center-mounted replaceable tear blades consists of two center-mounted replaceable tear blades arranged longitudinally.

[0006] Optionally, the number of the central double replaceable tearing blades is 4, the height is 175mm, and the track gauge is 87.5mm.

[0007] Optionally, the first set of center-dual replaceable rippers includes a first center-dual replaceable ripper located above the second set of center-dual replaceable rippers and a second center-dual replaceable ripper located below the second set of center-dual replaceable rippers.

[0008] Optionally, the number of replaceable single-edged hobs is the first number, which is 25, with a height of 175mm and a track gauge of 100mm.

[0009] Optionally, the number of replaceable tearing blades is the second number, which is 7 blades, with a height of 175mm and a track gauge of 100mm.

[0010] Optionally, the welding tearing knife includes a first set of welding tearing knives and a second set of welding tearing knives, wherein the first set of welding tearing knives consists of 19 knives with a height of 155 mm, and the second set of welding tearing knives consists of 8 knives with a height of 160 mm, and the track gauge of the first set of welding tearing knives is 100 mm.

[0011] Optionally, the first centrally mounted double replaceable ripper and the second centrally mounted double replaceable ripper are symmetrical about the second set of centrally mounted double replaceable rippers.

[0012] Optionally, the tunnel boring machine cutterhead also includes 36 130mm cutters, 8 130mm side scrapers, 8 gauge-maintaining cutters, and 1 profile cutter, wherein the track gauge of the side scrapers is 200mm.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a tunnel boring machine includes a cutterhead, wherein the cutterhead opening ratio is 41%.

[0014] One embodiment of the above-mentioned utility model has the following advantages or beneficial effects: the cutterhead and tunnel boring machine can control the risks of tunnel construction, effectively cut concrete, and improve the tunneling speed; even after the cutter wears out, it still has the ability to continue cutting the pile body, reducing the risks associated with cutter replacement, and can collect the excavated soil to avoid mud overflow, thereby improving the safety factor of construction and improving the tunneling accuracy and quality of tunnel construction.

[0015] The further effects of the aforementioned unconventional alternative methods will be explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head and cutting tool arrangement according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a centrally mounted, replaceable tearing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a replaceable tearing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a replaceable single-edged hob according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a welding tearing knife trajectory diagram according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head track gauge according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments of the present invention, including various details to aid understanding. These embodiments should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0024] In this invention, the main retaining structure of the area affected by the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a diaphragm wall. During the TBM's passage, the reinforced diaphragm wall must be removed and the reinforced zone crossed, potentially resulting in significant thrust and torque, and even damage to the cutting tools or jamming of the TBM. Specifically, in embodiments of this invention, the TBM needs to be able to quickly and safely penetrate at least three diaphragm walls (e.g., the first and second diaphragm walls of an existing line; one diaphragm wall of a newly constructed line), and successfully grind through one steel joint (not shown) present in the diaphragm walls of both the left and right tunnel sections of the newly constructed line. This addresses the risks of unsuccessful TBM passage and / or the difficulty of rapid construction. To address these risks, possible measures include: using a tunnel boring machine with built-in grouting; designing the cutterhead specifically, such as using a composite cutterhead and heavy-duty cutters; using a low-speed tunneling system that can meet the stable advance of 2-3 mm / min; adopting a shafted screw conveyor with anti-gushing function and axial telescopic movement function; equipping the screw conveyor with two gates at the soil outlet; and piling wear-resistant materials on the front blades and front cylinder of the screw conveyor.

[0025] In traditional technology, ordinary cutterheads are prone to problems such as cutter breakage and wear due to slag accumulation, leading to frequent cutter changes. Frequent pressurized cutter changes pose risks of water inrush and collapse. Therefore, effectively configuring cutterhead cutters is of significant safety and economic value. This invention creatively develops a wall-grinding cutter configuration. The following section will focus on the cutterhead of this tunnel boring machine.

[0026] According to one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is based on Figures 1 to 6 A cutterhead for a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is provided for use in shield tunneling construction.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main flow of a method for tunnel boring machine construction according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a centrally mounted, replaceable tearing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a replaceable tearing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a replaceable single-edged hob according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a welding tearing knife trajectory diagram according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head track according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Table 1 (below) is a tool configuration table of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Combination Figures 1-6According to Table 1, this utility model provides a tunnel boring machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction, comprising: a central double-link replaceable tearing cutter 1 located at the center of the cutterhead; a replaceable tearing cutter 2 arranged around the central double-link replaceable tearing cutter 1; a replaceable single-edged hob cutter 3 arranged on the outer ring of the cutterhead; and a welded tearing cutter 4 arranged along the trajectory of the replaceable single-edged hob cutter 3. The heights of the central double-link replaceable tearing cutter 1, the replaceable single-edged hob cutter 3, and the replaceable tearing cutter 2 are the same and greater than the height of the welded tearing cutter 4. The track gauge of the replaceable single-edged hob cutter 3 and the replaceable tearing cutter 2 are also the same. The track gauge is consistent and greater than that of the center double-link replaceable tearing cutter 1. The number of center double-link replaceable tearing cutters 1 is less than the number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters 3, replaceable tearing cutters 2, and welded tearing cutters 4. The number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters 3 is greater than the number of replaceable tearing cutters 2, but less than the number of welded tearing cutters 4. The tunnel boring machine cutterhead has three layers: the first layer has a first height and mainly includes a first number of replaceable single-edged roller cutters and a second number of replaceable tearing cutters, wherein the first number is greater than the second number; the second layer has a second height and mainly consists of welded tearing cutters; and the third layer has a third height and consists of side scrapers.

[0029] Next, we will combine Table 1 and... Figure 1 The shield tunneling machine cutter of the present utility model embodiment will be described in detail.

[0030] First, in this embodiment of the utility model, the tool configuration table can be as shown in Table 1 below:

[0031] Table 1

[0032]

[0033] As can be seen from Table 1, the number of replaceable tear blades in the center double section is 4, the height is 175mm, and the gauge is 87.5mm.

[0034] The number of replaceable single-edged hobs is the first number mentioned above, which is 25, with a height of 175mm and a track gauge of 100mm.

[0035] The number of replaceable tearing blades is the second number mentioned above, which is 7, with a height of 175mm and a track gauge of 100mm.

[0036] The welding tearing knife 4 includes a first set of welding tearing knives and a second set of welding tearing knives. The first set of welding tearing knives consists of 19 knives with a height of 155mm, while the second set consists of 8 knives with a height of 160mm. The track gauge of the first set of welding tearing knives is 100mm.

[0037] In addition, the tunnel boring machine cutterhead also includes 36 130mm cutters, 8 130mm side scrapers, 8 gauge cutters, and 1 profile cutter, wherein the track gauge of the side scrapers is 200mm.

[0038] Next, let's combine them in more detail. Figure 1 Let's elaborate.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, specific configurations for the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine include: using a hybrid configuration of roller cutters and reinforced tearing cutters to improve wall-grinding and cutting performance.

[0040] For example, a tunnel boring machine cutterhead with a specific configuration includes: a central double-replaceable tearing cutter 1, a replaceable tearing cutter 2, a replaceable single-edged roller cutter 3, and a welded tearing cutter 4.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, a centrally located double-replaceable tearing cutter 1 is situated at the center of the cutter head. Multiple (e.g., seven) replaceable tearing cutters 2 are arranged in the central area of ​​the cutter head, surrounding the centrally located double-replaceable tearing cutter 1, and replaceable hobs 4 are arranged around the outer ring of the cutter head. The welding tearing cutter 4 is arranged along the trajectory of a replaceable single-edged hob 3.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a centrally located double-section replaceable tearing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown in the static cutter head diagram, the center-mounted replaceable ripping cutter includes a first group of two transversely arranged center-mounted replaceable ripping cutters (#6, #8; #5, #7) and a second group of two longitudinally arranged center-mounted replaceable ripping cutters (#4, #2; #1, #3). The first group of transversely arranged center-mounted replaceable ripping cutters (#6, #8; #5, #7) includes a first center-mounted replaceable ripping cutter (#5, #7) located above the second group of center-mounted replaceable ripping cutters (#4, #2; #1, #3) and a second center-mounted replaceable ripping cutter (#6, #8) located below the second group of center-mounted replaceable ripping cutters. Among them, the horizontally configured center double replaceable ripping knife is symmetrically arranged with respect to the two vertically configured center double replaceable ripping knives. That is, the first center double replaceable ripping knife (#6, #8) is symmetrical about the two center double replaceable ripping knives (#4, #2; #1, #3) and the second center double replaceable ripping knife (#5, #7).

[0043] In addition, as shown in Table 1 above, for example, the blade height of the central double replaceable tearing blade can be 175 mm and the track gauge can be 87.5 mm, which can fully cut and mix the material and improve the situation of central mud cake formation.

[0044] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a replaceable tearing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention. Considering the problem of clogging, multiple (e.g., 7) replaceable tearing blades 2 are arranged in the central area of ​​the cutter head, and these replaceable tearing blades 2 are arranged around a central double-linked replaceable tearing blade 1. Figure 3 As shown in Table 1, replaceable tearing cutters #9, #10, #11, #12, #13, #14, and #15 are arranged around the central double-unit replaceable tearing cutter. The first set of replaceable tearing cutters #9 and #13 are located to the right of the central double-unit replaceable tearing cutter; the second set of replaceable tearing cutters #11 and #15 are located above the central double-unit replaceable tearing cutter; the third set of replaceable tearing cutters #10 and #14 are located to the left of the central double-unit replaceable tearing cutter; and the fourth set of replaceable tearing cutters #12 is located below the central double-unit replaceable tearing cutter. As recorded in Table 1 above, the cutter height of the replaceable tearing cutters can be 175 mm, and the track gauge can be 100 mm. Using this sharp-edged cutting method to cut soil can greatly improve tunneling efficiency.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a replaceable single-edged hob according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, 25 replaceable single-flute hobs (e.g., 17-inch) are arranged on the outer ring of the cutter head to ensure compaction and crushing of reinforced concrete walls. These 25 17-inch replaceable hobs are distributed across 24 tracks: one replaceable single-flute hob per track #16 to #38, and two replaceable single-flute hobs per track #39. The cutter ring hardness is 57-59 HRC, and the starting torque of the replaceable single-flute hobs is 23-24 N•m. As shown in Table 1 above, the cutter height of the replaceable single-flute hobs can be 175 mm, and the track gauge can be 100 mm.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a welding tearing knife trajectory diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 5 As shown in Table 1, a total of 27 welding tearing knives are arranged along the same trajectory as the replaceable single-edged hob. For trajectories S1-S19, each trajectory has one welding tearing knife, forming the first group of welding tearing knives. The height of this first group of welding tearing knives can be 155mm, 20mm lower than the replaceable single-edged hob (height 175mm), and the track gauge can be 100mm. For trajectories S20-S23, each trajectory has two welding tearing knives, forming the second group of welding tearing knives. The height of this second group of welding tearing knives can be 160mm, 15mm lower than the replaceable single-edged hob.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head track according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 6As shown in Table 1, the cutterhead with a specific configuration has three layers: the first layer has a first height and mainly includes 25 replaceable single-edged roller cutters and 7 replaceable tearing cutters for cutting reinforced concrete; the second layer has a second height and mainly consists of welded tearing cutters to ensure continued cutting of the pile even after the cutters in the first layer wear down; and the third layer has a third height and consists of side scrapers for collecting excavated soil into the soil chamber. In this embodiment, the first height can be 175mm, the second height can be 155mm, and the third height can be 130mm. In this embodiment, the first layer can effectively cut concrete and has the main ability to cut the pile; the cutters in the second layer have the ability to pre-cut the soil during excavation and continue cutting the pile even after the cutters in the first layer wear down, reducing the risk of cutter replacement; the third layer can collect excavated soil and prevent mud spillage. In other words, the cutterhead of this utility model embodiment can not only quickly cut the soil and ensure the tunneling speed in the soil layer, but also effectively cut the pile body. It also has multi-level cutting capability. After the first layer of cutters wears out, the second layer of cutters still has the ability to continue cutting the pile body, reducing the risk of cutter replacement. It can also collect the slag and prevent mud from overflowing, thus improving the safety factor of construction and improving the tunneling accuracy and quality of shield tunneling.

[0049] The tunnel boring machine cutterhead also includes: a foam injection port (not shown).

[0050] Based on the above, the cutterhead of this utility model, through targeted design improvements such as structural optimization and cutter innovation, significantly enhances the safety and efficiency of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) during tunneling operations. For example, it reduces malfunctions such as cutter breakage and mud cake blockage, lowers the frequency of cutter replacement, and avoids accidents such as water inrush and collapse (i.e., risk control). Simultaneously, it reduces mud spillage, protecting the ecological environment (environmental benefits). Furthermore, the targeted cutterhead design greatly increases tunneling speed (efficiency improvement) and effectively and precisely controls settlement (precision assurance), resulting in unexpected technical benefits.

[0051] According to another aspect of this invention, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) includes a cutterhead, wherein the cutterhead opening ratio is 41%. Because silty clay easily forms mud cakes, a low conventional cutterhead opening ratio, such as 31%, leads to soil retention, exacerbating cutterhead torque and ground settlement. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention selects a TBM with a cutterhead opening ratio of 41%, which can significantly reduce mud cake formation, lower torque, and reduce ground settlement.

[0052] Here, the main technical parameters of the selected tunnel boring machine are shown in Table 2.

[0053] Table 2

[0054]

[0055] As can be seen from Table 2, the tunnel boring machine has an excavation diameter of 6450mm and an internal grouting pipe.

[0056] This invention, particularly through its targeted cutterhead design and optimized structure and innovative cutting tools, significantly improves the safety and efficiency of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) during underground tunneling. For example, it reduces mud cake, increases tunneling speed, reduces settlement, decreases the frequency of cutter replacement, and minimizes mud spillage. In other words, the cutterhead of this invention not only rapidly cuts through soil, ensuring tunneling speed in the soil layer, but also effectively cuts the pile body. It possesses multi-level cutting capabilities; even after the first layer of cutters wears out, the second layer can still continue cutting the pile body, reducing the risks associated with cutter replacement. Furthermore, it can collect excavated soil, preventing mud spillage, thus improving the safety factor of construction and enhancing the tunneling accuracy and quality of the TBM.

[0057] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A cutterhead for a tunnel boring machine (TBM) used in shield tunneling construction, characterized in that, The tunnel boring machine cutterhead includes: A centrally located, replaceable, dual-position tearing blade is positioned at the center of the cutter head. Replaceable tearing blades, wherein the replaceable tearing blades are arranged in pairs around the center; A replaceable single-edged hob is arranged on the outer ring of the cutter head; and A welding tearing cutter, the welding tearing cutter being arranged along the trajectory of the replaceable single-edged hob. The height of the central double-link replaceable tearing blade, the height of the replaceable single-edged hobbing cutter, and the height of the replaceable tearing blade are all the same and greater than the height of the welding tearing blade. The gauge of the replaceable single-edged hob is the same as the gauge of the replaceable tearing cutter, and is greater than the gauge of the central double-section replaceable tearing cutter. The number of the central double-jointed replaceable tearing cutters is less than the number of the replaceable single-edged hobbing cutters, the number of replaceable tearing cutters, and the number of weld tearing cutters. The number of replaceable single-edged hobbing cutters is greater than the number of replaceable tearing cutters but less than the number of weld tearing cutters. The tunnel boring machine cutterhead has three layers: The first layer has a first height, and the first layer mainly includes: a first number of replaceable single-edged hobs and a second number of replaceable tearing blades, wherein the first number is greater than the second number; The second layer has a second height, and this second layer is mainly composed of welding tearing blades; and The third layer has a third height, and this third layer is an edge scraper.

2. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centrally mounted double replaceable ripping knife includes a first set of centrally mounted double replaceable ripping knives and a second set of centrally mounted double replaceable ripping knives, wherein the first set of centrally mounted double replaceable ripping knives consists of two centrally mounted double replaceable ripping knives arranged laterally, and the second set of centrally mounted double replaceable ripping knives consists of two centrally mounted double replaceable ripping knives arranged longitudinally.

3. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center has four replaceable double-barreled tearing blades, with a height of 175mm and a track gauge of 87.5mm.

4. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first set of center-dual replaceable tear blades includes a first center-dual replaceable tear blade located above the second set of center-dual replaceable tear blades and a second center-dual replaceable tear blade located below the second set of center-dual replaceable tear blades.

5. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of replaceable single-edged hobs is the first number, which is 25, with a height of 175mm and a track gauge of 100mm.

6. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of replaceable tearing blades is the second number, which is 7 blades, with a height of 175mm and a track gauge of 100mm.

7. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The welding tearing knife includes a first set of welding tearing knives and a second set of welding tearing knives, wherein the first set of welding tearing knives consists of 19 knives with a height of 155mm, and the second set of welding tearing knives consists of 8 knives with a height of 160mm. The gauge of the first set of welding tearing knives is 100mm.

8. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first and second center-mounted replaceable rippers are symmetrical about the second set of center-mounted replaceable rippers.

9. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for shield tunneling construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tunnel boring machine cutterhead also includes 36 130mm cutters, 8 130mm side scrapers, 8 gauge-maintaining cutters, and 1 profile cutter, wherein the track gauge of the side scrapers is 200mm.

10. A tunnel boring machine for shield tunneling construction, characterized in that, The tunnel boring machine includes: a cutterhead according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cutterhead opening ratio is 41%.

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