A composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology. It discloses a composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function, comprising two solid concrete sides and a structural joint in the middle. A water-stopping plate is installed on the side of the structural joint adjacent to the excavated rock surface; the gap between the water-stopping plate and the exposed surface is filled with an impermeable material; the gap between the water-stopping plate and the excavated rock surface is filled with a joint-sealing material. This utility model combines strength and sealing performance, has better durability than rubber waterstops, and compared with the unidirectional water-stopping of copper sheets, achieves bidirectional water-stopping effect without increasing structural size or investment, thus possessing good economic benefits and practical significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function, which is suitable for seepage prevention of structural joints in underground structures in water-rich areas. Background Technology

[0002] Underground concrete structures such as tunnels and culverts require structural joints during design and construction to reduce stress caused by concrete shrinkage and creep, due to structural deformation, settlement, and various factors such as temperature and humidity changes, concrete shrinkage, and creep. These structural joints are weak points in the structure, and leakage at these joints is the leading cause of leakage accidents in underground engineering projects, accounting for over 70%. Once leakage occurs in underground engineering, repairs are difficult, resulting in significant direct and indirect losses. In water-rich areas with high groundwater levels, underground water-bearing structures built in these areas often face the challenge of both internal water seepage and external water seepage at structural joints, requiring bidirectional seepage prevention. Structural joints typically use water-stop plates combined with ordinary joint-sealing materials. However, because water-stop plates are directional, they can only achieve seepage prevention in one direction. Using two waterstops in structural joints to achieve bidirectional water sealing requires increasing the structural thickness by more than 30%, significantly increasing project investment. Furthermore, the concrete between the two waterstops is difficult to compact, making construction challenging and compromising quality. Improper treatment of structural joints can also create channels for seepage and leakage, posing a significant safety hazard to underground engineering projects, potentially leading to accidents and economic losses. Therefore, seepage prevention in structural joints of underground concrete structures has become a hot topic of concern in the water conservancy industry in recent years. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides a composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function for seepage prevention of structural joints in underground structures in water-rich areas. It can meet the bidirectional seepage prevention effect, has high strength and good durability, without increasing the structural size, has low economic cost, and is easy to construct.

[0004] The technical solution to achieve the above objectives is:

[0005] A composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function includes solid concrete on both sides and a structural joint in the middle. A water-stopping plate is installed on the side of the structural joint adjacent to the excavated rock surface. The gap between the water-stopping plate and the exposed surface is filled with an impermeable material. The gap between the water-stopping plate and the excavated rock surface is filled with a joint-separating material.

[0006] Preferably, the waterstop is a copper sheet or a rubber waterstop strip.

[0007] Preferably, the waterstop plate has a symmetrical or asymmetrical structure. When it is an asymmetrical structure, the concave side faces the rock wall. This arrangement allows the waterstop plate to exert maximum resistance against external water pressure.

[0008] Preferably, the anti-seepage material is PTN organic anti-seepage material with a tensile strength of not less than 5 MPa, a permeability level of impermeable (1.0 MPa, 24 h), a surface drying time of not more than 4 h, and a complete curing time of not more than 4 h. The performance of the PTN material meets the Type I index in GB / T23445-2009. The internal water osmotic pressure is jointly borne by the PTN organic anti-seepage material and the waterstop sheet. The high tensile strength, rapid curing, and anti-seepage characteristics of the PTN organic anti-seepage material ensure that it forms a seamless and cooperative barrier with the waterstop sheet under internal water pressure.

[0009] Preferably, the joint material is a closed-cell foam board, asphalt wood board, or asphalt felt.

[0010] Preferably, the excavated rock surface is either regular and flat or irregular.

[0011] Preferably, the distance between the waterstop and the concrete surface on the side of the excavated rock face is 200mm to 500mm, which complies with the relevant provisions of the "Technical Specification for Waterstops of Hydraulic Structures".

[0012] Preferably, the impermeable material penetrates into shallow cracks in the concrete.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0014] This composite structure, applicable to seepage prevention in structural joints of underground structures in water-rich areas, features bidirectional water-stopping functionality. External water seepage pressure is primarily borne by the water-stopping plate, while internal water seepage pressure is jointly borne by the PTN organic anti-seepage material and the water-stopping plate. This composite structure, applied to structural joints, meets the bidirectional seepage prevention and water-stopping requirements of underground water-passing structures in water-rich areas without increasing structural dimensions, significantly reducing project investment and facilitating construction and subsequent maintenance.

[0015] This invention combines strength and sealing performance, has better durability than rubber waterstops, and achieves bidirectional waterstop effect without increasing structural size or investment compared to the unidirectional waterstop of copper sheets, thus having good economic benefits and practical significance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the bidirectional water-stopping composite structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a layout diagram of the bidirectional water-stopping composite structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 3This is an isometric drawing of the bidirectional water-stopping composite structure of this utility model;

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Solid concrete; 2. Structural joint; 3. Impermeable material; 4. Waterstop plate; 5. Joint sealing material; 6. Excavated rock surface; 7. Shallow cracks in concrete. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the present invention.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model discloses a composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function for seepage prevention in underground structures in water-rich areas. It includes two solid concrete sections 1 on either side and a structural joint 2 in the middle. A water-stopping plate 4, made of copper, is installed on the side of the structural joint 2 adjacent to the flat excavated rock surface 6, with its concave surface facing the rock wall. The gap between the water-stopping plate 4 and the exposed surface is filled with PTN organic anti-seepage material 3, which penetrates into shallow cracks 7 in the concrete. The gap between the water-stopping plate 4 and the excavated rock surface 6 is filled with a joint-sealing material 5, made of asphalt-impregnated wood. The water-stopping plate 4 is 300mm away from the concrete surface on the rock side.

[0023] Example 2

[0024] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model discloses a composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function suitable for seepage prevention in underground structures in water-rich areas. It includes two solid concrete sections 1 on either side and a structural joint 2 in the middle. A water-stopping strip 4, which is a rubber water-stopping tape, is installed on the side of the structural joint 2 adjacent to the flat excavated rock surface 6. The gap between the water-stopping strip 4 and the exposed surface is filled with PTN organic anti-seepage material 3, which penetrates to shallow surface cracks 7 in the concrete. The gap between the water-stopping strip 4 and the excavated rock surface 6 is filled with a joint-sealing material 5, which is a closed-cell foam board. The water-stopping strip 4 is 300mm away from the concrete surface on the rock side.

[0025] Example 3

[0026] like Figures 1-3As shown, this utility model discloses a composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function suitable for seepage prevention in underground structures in water-rich areas. It includes two solid concrete sections 1 on either side and a structural joint 2 in the middle. A water-stopping plate 4, made of copper, is installed on the side of the structural joint 2 adjacent to an irregular excavated rock surface 6, with its concave surface facing the rock wall. The gap between the water-stopping plate 4 and the exposed surface is filled with PTN organic anti-seepage material 3, which penetrates to shallow surface cracks 7 in the concrete. The gap between the water-stopping plate 4 and the excavated rock surface 6 is filled with a joint-sealing material 5, which is asphalt felt. The water-stopping plate 4 is 300mm away from the concrete surface on the rock side.

[0027] In Examples 1 to 3, the tensile strength of the PTN organic anti-permeability material is not less than 5 MPa, the water permeability level is impermeable (1.0 MPa, 24h), the surface drying time is not more than 3h, the complete curing time is not more than 4h, and the performance of the PTN material meets the Type I index in GB / T23445-2009.

[0028] The construction process of Examples 1 to 3 is as follows:

[0029] First, install the waterstop plate 4. The waterstop plate 4 spans the structural joint 2, with both ends located within the solid concrete 1 on either side. The waterstop plate 4 must be securely installed. The groove of the waterstop plate 4 must be filled and smoothed with oil-soaked and dried hemp rope; this step must be completed before installation. During installation, ensure that the groove is aligned with the expansion joint and that the plate is installed across the joint. The installation error of the central deformation of the waterstop plate 4 should not exceed 5mm. Use a template for secure installation; do not drill holes or erect supports in the waterstop plate 4.

[0030] Pour solid concrete 1 on one side of structural joint 2, and pour half of the waterstop 4 into solid concrete 1. The other half of the waterstop 4 is bent and tightly attached to the end cap of the formwork. The half of the waterstop 4 poured into concrete 1 is tightly bonded to solid concrete 1. When pouring solid concrete 1 near waterstop 4, manual vibration is used to compact it to prevent honeycomb in solid concrete 4 and folding of waterstop 4.

[0031] After the template and template plug are removed, the bent half of the waterstop 4 is restored to its original shape. At the same time, the gap between the waterstop 4 and the excavated rock surface 6 is filled with joint sealant 5. The joint sealant 5 is asphalt wood board, closed-cell foam board or asphalt felt, and is completed by pasting.

[0032] When the concrete 1 on the other side of structural joint 2 reaches a strength of over 70%, the formwork is removed, and PTN organic anti-seepage material 3 is applied. After removing any residue and dust from structural joint 2, ensuring the surface is free of dust and oil, the anti-seepage material 3 is injected into structural joint 2 using a caulking gun. The nozzle is inserted to the bottom of the joint, and the injection is slow and gradual, allowing the anti-seepage material to penetrate to the shallow cracks 7 in the concrete. Injection is stopped when the anti-seepage material 3 overflows from the top of structural joint 2. After completion, before it dries completely, the surface of the adhesive is smoothed with a putty knife or trowel, ensuring there are no air bubbles, cracks, or depressions.

[0033] This invention discloses a composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function for seepage prevention in structural joints of underground structures in water-rich areas. When applied to water conveyance structures built within the groundwater level range, it effectively prevents both internal water seepage and external water seepage, while not increasing structural dimensions and facilitating construction. If cracks exist on the concrete surface, the PTN organic anti-seepage material 3 will penetrate into the shallow cracks 7 and bond tightly with the solid concrete 1. This effectively solves the problem of bidirectional seepage prevention in structural joints of underground structures in water-rich areas.

[0034] The examples described above are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of this utility model, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the content of this utility model. They are not exhaustive examples of feasible embodiments of this utility model and should not be considered as limiting the scope of its implementation. All changes and improvements made in accordance with the spirit disclosed in this utility model should be considered to be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function, comprising solid concrete on both sides (1) and a structural joint (2) in the middle, characterized in that, A waterstop plate (4) is installed on the side of the structural joint (2) adjacent to the excavated rock surface (6); the gap between the waterstop plate (4) and the free surface is filled with anti-seepage material (3); the gap between the waterstop plate (4) and the excavated rock surface (6) is filled with joint-separating material (5).

2. The composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waterstop (4) is a copper sheet or a rubber waterstop.

3. The composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waterstop (4) has a symmetrical or asymmetrical structure. When it is an asymmetrical structure, the concave side is arranged facing the rock wall.

4. The composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The impermeable material (3) is PTN organic impermeable material.

5. A composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The joint material (5) is a closed-cell foam board, asphalt wood board, or asphalt felt.

6. A composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The excavated rock surface (6) can be regular and flat or irregular.

7. A composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the waterstop (4) and the concrete surface on the side of the excavated rock face (6) is 200mm to 500mm.

8. A composite structure with bidirectional water-stopping function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The impermeable material (3) penetrates into the shallow cracks (7) of the concrete.

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