Portable surrounding rock observation device in mines

Abstract

This application provides a portable surrounding rock observation device for underground mines, comprising: a first mounting base, a second mounting base, a measuring cylinder, and adjusting columns; a first mounting cylinder is fixedly installed on the left end of the first mounting base, and a second mounting cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper end of the second mounting base; there are four measuring cylinders, which are respectively installed on the left and right ends of the first mounting cylinder and the upper and lower ends of the second mounting cylinder, and each measuring cylinder has a scale strip on its outer surface; there are two adjusting columns, which are inserted and installed on the left and right ends of the first mounting cylinder, and the adjusting columns are slidably connected to the first mounting cylinder. The device adopts a split structure to realize the detachable assembly of each component, which significantly reduces the space occupied during transportation and is convenient for carrying in the confined space underground; the fixed structure of the adjusting columns can flexibly adjust the extension length according to the roadway size to meet the needs of different measurement scenarios; modular assembly simplifies the on-site operation process, can be combined with real-time deformation monitoring function, and is adaptable to complex underground environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of surrounding rock observation technology, and in particular to a portable surrounding rock observation device for underground mines. Background Technology

[0002] Surrounding rock refers to the rock surrounding the ore body. The relationship between the ore body and the surrounding rock can be roughly divided into two situations: a clear contact boundary and a transitional boundary. Underground surrounding rock monitoring is a series of monitoring activities carried out on the surrounding rock in coal mines. During the monitoring process, the observers can promptly detect abnormal pressure at the working face, delamination value of the roadway roof, and deformation exceeding the regulations. When the mine pressure shows abnormalities and there are significant signs of an accident, personnel in the danger zone can be evacuated immediately to avoid accidents and ensure the safety of miners.

[0003] Existing rock observation methods mostly rely on observation equipment used by staff. However, most of these devices are integrated structures, which not only take up considerable space and hinder their transport, but also make it difficult to adjust their length to suit the needs of the mine, resulting in certain limitations in their use. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the issue that most existing observation equipment has an integrated structure, which not only takes up considerable space and affects its portability during transport, but also makes it difficult to adjust the length of the equipment to suit the needs of underground mining, resulting in certain limitations in its use.

[0005] This application provides a portable surrounding rock observation device for underground mines, including: a first mounting base, a second mounting base, a measuring cylinder, and an adjusting column;

[0006] The first mounting base is fixedly installed with the first mounting cylinder at its left end, and the second mounting base is fixedly installed with the second mounting cylinder at its upper end.

[0007] There are four measuring cylinders, which are respectively installed on the left and right ends of the first mounting cylinder and the upper and lower ends of the second mounting cylinder. Each measuring cylinder has a scale bar on its outer surface.

[0008] There are two adjusting columns, which are interspersed at the left and right ends of the first mounting cylinder, and the adjusting columns are slidably connected to the first mounting cylinder.

[0009] In one feasible implementation, a spring is movably mounted at the right end of each of the measuring cylinders;

[0010] The spring is fixedly connected to a connecting seat on its right end, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the right end of the connecting seat, and a support block is fixedly installed on the right end of the connecting rod.

[0011] In one feasible implementation, the side of the support block away from the connecting rod is covered with an anti-slip pad, the anti-slip pad being made of rubber.

[0012] In one feasible implementation, the mounting screws are provided on the upper left and upper right sides of the first mounting cylinder, and the adjusting column is provided with screw holes;

[0013] The mounting screw passes through the first mounting cylinder and is screwed into the screw hole of the adjusting column.

[0014] In one feasible implementation, mounting slots are provided through the middle of the right end of the first mounting base and the middle of the upper end of the second mounting base, and a handle is fixedly installed at the middle of the front end of the first mounting base.

[0015] In one feasible implementation, the handle is fixedly installed at the middle of the rear end of the second mounting base, and the handle is located on the side of the second mounting base away from the measuring cylinder.

[0016] In one feasible implementation, the connecting seat is sized to match the measuring cylinder, and the connecting seat is displaced axially along the measuring cylinder under the action of surrounding rock pressure.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, the first mounting cylinder is vertically fixed to the bottom of the first mounting base, and the second mounting cylinder is horizontally fixed to the left port of the first mounting base.

[0018] In one feasible implementation, the first mounting cylinder and the second mounting cylinder form a cross-shaped support frame.

[0019] In one feasible implementation, the measuring cylinder is fixedly installed at the end of the adjusting column away from the first mounting cylinder.

[0020] This application provides a portable underground rock monitoring device that employs a modular structure, allowing for the detachable assembly of each component. This significantly reduces the space required for transportation and facilitates carrying within confined underground spaces. The adjustable column's fixing structure allows for flexible adjustment of its extension length according to the tunnel dimensions, meeting the needs of different measurement scenarios. Four support blocks directly contact the tunnel's sides, roof, and floor. Combined with the graduated strips on the outer surface of the measuring cylinder, the displacement of the connection seat can be quantitatively recorded, accurately monitoring roof delamination and sidewall deformation, providing data support for judging mine pressure anomalies. Modular assembly simplifies on-site operation procedures, and with real-time deformation monitoring, it helps to quickly identify dangerous signs and organize personnel evacuation, improving the safety factor of underground operations. This device balances portability and functionality through structural optimization, adapting to complex underground environments while lowering the barrier to entry, combining practical value and safety benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring cylinder shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of mounting cylinder No. 1 and mounting cylinder No. 2 shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of mounting base No. 1 and mounting base No. 2 as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0026] The attached image is labeled as follows:

[0027] 1-Mounting base No. 1; 2-Measuring cylinder; 3-Mounting cylinder No. 1; 4-Mounting base No. 2; 5-Scale strip; 6-Mounting cylinder No. 2; 20-Spring; 21-Connecting seat; 22-Connecting rod; 23-Support block; 24-Anti-slip pad; 30-Mounting screw; 31-Adjusting column; 32-Screw hole; 40-Handle; 41-Mounting groove. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a full understanding of the implementation of embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Surrounding rock refers to the rock surrounding the ore body. The relationship between the ore body and the surrounding rock can be broadly categorized into two types: a clear contact boundary and a transitional boundary. Mine surrounding rock monitoring involves a series of monitoring activities conducted on the surrounding rock in coal mines. During monitoring, personnel can promptly detect abnormal pressure at the working face, delamination values ​​of the roadway roof, and deformation exceeding regulations. When abnormal mine pressure is observed and there are significant signs of an impending accident, personnel can be immediately evacuated from the danger zone to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of miners. Currently, most surrounding rock monitoring relies on measuring equipment used by workers. However, most of this equipment is a single, integrated structure. This not only takes up considerable space during transport, hindering its carrying capacity, but also makes it difficult to adjust the length of the equipment to suit the needs of underground operations, thus limiting its usability.

[0030] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a portable surrounding rock observation device for underground mines, with reference to... Figures 1-4 As shown, the portable surrounding rock observation device in the mine includes: mounting base 1, mounting base 4, measuring cylinder 2, and adjusting column 31.

[0031] Both mounting base 1 and mounting base 4 are rectangular plate-shaped structures. There are four measuring cylinders 2, which are fixedly installed at the left and right ends of mounting cylinder 3 and the upper and lower ends of mounting cylinder 6, respectively, and the outer surface is provided with scale strips 5. There are two adjusting columns 31, which are inserted into the left and right ends of mounting cylinder 3 and are slidably connected to mounting cylinder 3, and the upper end is provided with screw holes 32.

[0032] Mounting base 1 and mounting base 4 are fixed to the mine wall or a special support. Mounting cylinder 3 is horizontally fixed to the left end of mounting base 1, and mounting cylinder 6 is horizontally fixed to the upper end of mounting base 4. Measuring cylinder 2 is fixed to the ends of mounting cylinder 3 and mounting cylinder 6 by threaded connection or snap-fit. Adjusting column 31 is inserted into mounting cylinder 3 and axially fixed by screw connection.

[0033] The adjusting column 31 can slide along the first mounting cylinder 3 to shorten the overall length of the device. After disassembling the measuring cylinder 2, the components can be placed separately, reducing the space occupied. The measuring cylinder 2 displays the surrounding rock deformation data through the scale bar 5, and the adjusting column 31 adjusts the measurement range to adapt to different roadway sizes.

[0034] Existing observation devices are one-piece structures, occupying a large space when carried and lacking adjustable length. This embodiment achieves overall length adjustment through a slidingly connected adjusting column 31 and a detachable measuring cylinder 2, adapting to different tunnel widths without requiring component replacement. Combined with a modular design, the device can be disassembled for transport, significantly reducing the difficulty of carrying it in confined underground spaces. Simultaneously, the detachable structure allows for independent inspection or replacement of individual components, reducing on-site maintenance complexity. The sliding extension range of the adjusting column 31 can cover various tunnel size requirements, and together with the scale bar 5 on the measuring cylinder 2, it can monitor the displacement and deformation of the surrounding rock at different locations in real time.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, a spring 20 is movably installed at the right end of the measuring cylinder 2, and a connecting seat 21 is fixed at the right end of the spring 20. The connecting seat 21 matches the inner diameter of the measuring cylinder 2 and slides axially. A support block 23 is fixed at the right end of the connecting rod 22, and the left end is rigidly connected to the connecting seat 21.

[0036] When the surrounding rock pressure acts on the support block 23, the connecting rod 22 pushes the connecting seat 21 to compress the spring 20, causing the connecting seat 21 to displace within the measuring cylinder 2. By reading the displacement of the connecting seat 21, the deformation value of the surrounding rock can be quantified. When the surrounding rock pressure is released, the spring 20 resets, causing the connecting seat 21 to return to its original position.

[0037] Traditional devices require manual application of force while simultaneously reading data, leading to significant errors. This embodiment utilizes the elastic deformation of spring 20 to automatically feedback surrounding rock pressure and automatically record the displacement of connecting seat 21, significantly improving accuracy and eliminating errors caused by manual force application and simultaneous reading during measurement. The pressure on support block 23 is directly converted into the compression of spring 20 and the displacement of connecting seat 21 via connecting rod 22 and connecting seat 21, making pressure observation intuitive and efficient. The large compression stroke of spring 20 ensures its effective adaptation to the needs of monitoring large surrounding rock deformation. Furthermore, the entire measurement process requires no manual intervention in operating the device or simultaneously recording data, improving the automation and accuracy of the measurement.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the right side of the support block 23 is covered with an anti-slip pad 24, which is made of rubber.

[0039] When the anti-slip pad 24 comes into contact with the surrounding rock surface, the rubber material increases the adhesion of the contact surface, preventing the device from sliding. Traditional devices are prone to slippage and data distortion due to the dampness or roughness of the mine walls. This embodiment utilizes the flexibility and high friction properties of rubber to improve the stability of the device, ensuring that data remains valid even in damp environments.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, mounting screws 30 are provided on the upper left and right sides of the first mounting cylinder 3, and screw holes 32 are provided on the adjusting column 31. When installing the adjusting column 31, the mounting screws 30 are first rotated so that their ends enter the screw holes 32, and axial clamping force is generated through thread engagement to fix the position of the adjusting column 31. To disassemble, the mounting screws 30 are rotated in the opposite direction to release the constraint. This embodiment adopts the principle of mechanical locking, and the self-locking property of the threads can prevent accidental slippage and improve the stability of the device.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, mounting grooves 41 are provided at the middle right end of mounting base 1 and the middle upper end of mounting base 4, and a handle 40 is fixed to the front end of mounting base 1. The mounting grooves 41 are connected to the mine support by bolts to fix the device, and the handle 40 is convenient for hand handling.

[0042] This embodiment reduces hand fatigue and effectively improves handling efficiency by distributing the weight to the mounting slot 41. In addition, the bolt connection of the mounting slot 41 ensures the stable fixation of the device on the mine support, reducing the risk of vibration or slippage during handling; the handle 40 facilitates multiple grip postures, reduces the burden on hand pressure points, and improves overall operational safety and continuity.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the rear end of the second mounting base 4 is fixed with a handle 40, which is located away from the measuring cylinder 2.

[0044] This embodiment improves handling stability through the distribution of dual handles 40. The dual handles 40 configuration provides conditions for two people to work together to handle the equipment. Furthermore, the structure allows a single person to flexibly choose to hold the dual handles 40 at the front or rear end depending on the actual situation, in order to find a more suitable handling posture. The position of the handles 40 is far from the measuring cylinder 2 and its observation components, reducing the risk of obstruction or accidental contact with critical components of the equipment during handling. The symmetrical distribution of the dual handles 40 at the rear end of the mounting base 4, compared to a single handle layout, can more evenly balance the center of gravity of the equipment, reducing the tendency to sway or shift during transportation.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the connecting seat 21 is sized to match the measuring cylinder 2. Under the action of surrounding rock pressure, the connecting seat 21 is displaced axially along the measuring cylinder 2 to ensure that the surrounding rock pressure acts directly on the connecting seat 21. The pressure transmission directly reflects the axial displacement of the connecting seat 21, clearly indicating the change in surrounding rock pressure, which facilitates subsequent displacement measurement or conversion. At the same time, the matching dimensions maintain the overall structural coordination of the measuring device, avoiding stress concentration or measurement deviation caused by dimensional differences.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the first mounting cylinder 3 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the first mounting base 1, and the second mounting cylinder 6 is horizontally fixed to the left port of the first mounting base 1.

[0047] The vertically installed No. 1 installation cylinder 3 bears the vertical load, while the horizontally installed No. 2 installation cylinder 6 bears the lateral load, forming an orthogonal support system. The adjusting columns 31 extend and retract independently within their respective cylinders to accommodate deformation monitoring of the top and bottom plates and the two side walls in different directions.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the first mounting cylinder 3 and the second mounting cylinder 6 intersect to form a cross frame, with the intersection point located on the left front side of the first mounting base 1.

[0049] The cross-shaped frame distributes the load through rigid connections. When compressed in one direction, the cylinder provides reverse constraint in the other direction. For example, when the top plate sinks, the lateral stiffness of the No. 2 mounting cylinder 6 inhibits the bending deformation of the No. 1 mounting cylinder 3.

[0050] It is understandable that a single cylinder is prone to bending, which can lead to data distortion. This embodiment utilizes the stability of a cross-shaped triangle to improve the overall resistance to deformation.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the measuring cylinder 2 is fixed to the end of the adjusting column 31 away from the first mounting cylinder 3 via a threaded connection. When the adjusting column 31 extends or retracts, it causes the measuring cylinder 2 to move synchronously, and the threaded connection ensures reliable torque transmission. During disassembly, rotating the measuring cylinder 2 disengages it from the adjusting column 31, achieving component separation.

[0052] As can be seen from the above embodiments, this application provides a portable surrounding rock observation device for underground mines. In use, by loosening the two mounting screws 30 on the first mounting cylinder 3, the adjusting columns 31 inserted at both ends of the first mounting cylinder 3 can be pulled out, allowing the adjusting columns 31 and the measuring cylinder 2 on them to be disassembled. Furthermore, the spring 20 and the connecting seat 21 are also inserted into the measuring cylinder 2. By pulling the connecting rod 22, the spring 20 can be pulled out, allowing the various parts of the device to be disassembled, reducing the space occupied by the device and facilitating its portability. Additionally, it facilitates the replacement of device components. When this device is needed for surrounding rock observation, the adjusting column 31 is inserted into the first mounting cylinder 3. Inside the measuring cylinder 3, the adjusting column 31 is slidably adjusted within the measuring cylinder 3 to allow the extension length of the adjusting column 31 to be adjusted according to the measurement requirements. Then, the mounting screw 30 is screwed into the screw hole 32 to fix the adjusting column 31. After the device is adjusted, the spring 20 and the connecting seat 21 are inserted into the measuring cylinder 2. Then, the four support blocks 23 are respectively placed against the two sides and the top and bottom plates of the tunnel. At this time, the position of the connecting seat 21 is recorded according to the scale bar 5 on the outer surface of the measuring cylinder 2. When the two sides and the top and bottom plates of the tunnel deform, the connecting seat 21 will be pushed to move within the measuring cylinder 2. By comparing the front and rear positions of the connecting seat 21, the degree of deformation of the two sides or the top and bottom plates of the tunnel can be obtained.

[0053] In summary, the portable underground rock monitoring device provided in this application adopts a modular structure, allowing for the detachable assembly of each component. This significantly reduces the space required for transportation and facilitates carrying in confined underground spaces. The fixing structure of the adjusting column allows for flexible adjustment of the extension length according to the roadway dimensions, meeting the needs of different measurement scenarios. The four support blocks directly contact the roadway sides and roof and floor plates. Combined with the scale strips on the outer surface of the measuring cylinder, the displacement of the connection seat can be quantitatively recorded, accurately monitoring roof delamination and side deformation, providing data support for judging mine pressure anomalies. Modular assembly simplifies on-site operation procedures, and with the real-time deformation monitoring function, it helps to quickly identify dangerous signs and organize personnel evacuation, improving the safety factor of underground operations. This device balances portability and functionality through structural optimization, adapting to complex underground environments while lowering the usage threshold, combining practical value and safety benefits.

[0054] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the disclosure in the specification and the embodiments. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine, characterized by, include: Mounting base No. 1 (1), mounting base No. 2 (4), measuring cylinder (2) and adjusting column (31); The first mounting base (1) has a first mounting cylinder (3) fixedly installed on its left end, and the second mounting base (4) has a second mounting cylinder (6) fixedly installed on its upper end. There are four measuring cylinders (2), which are respectively installed on the left and right ends of the first mounting cylinder (3) and the upper and lower ends of the second mounting cylinder (6). Each measuring cylinder (2) has a scale strip (5) on its outer surface. There are two adjusting columns (31), which are interspersed at the left and right ends of the first mounting cylinder (3), and the adjusting columns (31) are slidably connected to the first mounting cylinder (3).

2. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 1, characterized by A spring (20) is movably installed at the right end of each of the measuring cylinders (2); The spring (20) is fixedly connected to a connecting seat (21) at its right end, and a connecting rod (22) is fixedly connected to the right end of the connecting seat (21). A support block (23) is fixedly installed on the right end of the connecting rod (22).

3. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 2, characterized by, The side of the support block (23) away from the connecting rod (22) is covered with an anti-slip pad (24), which is made of rubber.

4. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 1, characterized by, The first mounting cylinder (3) is provided with mounting screws (30) on the upper left and upper right sides, and the adjusting column (31) is provided with screw holes (32). The mounting screw (30) passes through the first mounting cylinder (3) and is screwed into the screw hole (32) of the adjusting column (31).

5. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 1, characterized by The right middle part of the first mounting base (1) and the upper middle part of the second mounting base (4) are both provided with mounting grooves (41), and a handle (40) is fixedly installed at the front middle part of the first mounting base (1).

6. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 5, characterized by The handle (40) is fixedly installed at the middle of the rear end of the second mounting base (4), and the handle (40) is located on the side of the second mounting base (4) away from the measuring cylinder (2).

7. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 2, characterized by The connecting seat (21) is sized to match the measuring cylinder (2), and the connecting seat (21) is axially displaced along the measuring cylinder (2) under the action of the surrounding rock pressure.

8. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 1, characterized by, The first mounting cylinder (3) is vertically fixed to the bottom of the first mounting base (1), and the second mounting cylinder (6) is horizontally fixed to the left port of the first mounting base (1).

9. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to claim 8, characterized by The first mounting cylinder (3) and the second mounting cylinder (6) form a cross-shaped support frame.

10. The portable surrounding rock observation device in a mine according to Claim 1, wherein The measuring cylinder (2) is fixedly installed at the end of the adjusting column (31) away from the first mounting cylinder (3).

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