A compressor with air-cooled and liquid-cooled cycle structure

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of air compressor technology, providing a compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure, aiming to solve the problems of low heat dissipation efficiency and easy component damage in traditional air compressors. It includes a dedicated motor, a first end cover, a second end cover, a cooling fan, a cylinder assembly, a liquid circuit end cover, a liquid cooling channel, a liquid pump, a radiator, and a liquid tank. The dedicated motor and cylinder assembly have multiple liquid cooling channels. Coolant enters through the inlet channel, absorbs heat through the dedicated motor and cylinder assembly, flows out through the outlet channel, enters the radiator for heat dissipation, and finally returns to the liquid tank to complete the circulation. This utility model designs a cooling fan to dissipate heat from the motor, and integrates a liquid cooling channel, multi-cylinder assembly parallel cooling technology, multiple multi-seal schemes, and a closed-loop circulation pipeline to enhance heat dissipation from the motor and cylinder assembly. This comprehensively solves the problems of low heat dissipation efficiency and easy component damage in traditional compressors, achieving a significant improvement in heat dissipation efficiency and extending the lifespan of key components such as the cylinder assembly and motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of air compressor technology, specifically to a compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure. Background Technology

[0002] An air compressor is a mechanical device that compresses air into high-pressure gas. It is widely used in industrial production, automobile manufacturing, medical equipment, food processing, mining machinery, and other fields. Its working principle involves using an electric motor or engine to drive the compressor, compressing air to a higher pressure, thereby enabling the storage and utilization of air. An air compressor mainly consists of an electric motor, compressor, air tank, control system, and accessories.

[0003] During the operation of an air compressor, the compressed air generates a large amount of heat. If heat dissipation is inadequate, it can lead to overheating of the equipment, affecting the compressor's performance and lifespan. In particular, components such as the cylinder, piston, and piston rings of a reciprocating compressor are prone to thermal expansion at high temperatures, resulting in accelerated wear and even equipment failure.

[0004] Most existing reciprocating air compressors use air cooling, which uses a combination of heat sinks and fans to remove heat through air convection. This cooling method has relatively low efficiency, especially under high load conditions, and cannot quickly remove a large amount of heat.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application proposes a compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled cycle structure. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems existing in the background art, this application proposes a compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure, which includes a dedicated motor. One end of the dedicated motor is sequentially connected to a cooling fan and a first end cover with a fixed hollow structure; the opposite end of the dedicated motor is sequentially connected to a cooling fan and a second end cover with a fixed hollow structure; four sets of cylinder assemblies are installed on the side of the dedicated motor, including a first cylinder assembly, a second cylinder assembly, a third cylinder assembly, and a fourth cylinder assembly; a liquid passage end cover with a sealed cavity structure is installed on the end of each cylinder assembly away from the dedicated motor.

[0007] The dedicated motor is provided with a first liquid cooling channel, a second liquid cooling channel, a third liquid cooling channel and a fourth liquid cooling channel; the first end cover is provided with a liquid inlet channel; the second end cover is provided with a liquid outlet channel; each cylinder assembly is provided with a first liquid cooling channel, a second liquid cooling channel, a third liquid cooling channel and a fourth liquid cooling channel.

[0008] The first liquid cooling channel of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid inlet channel, the first liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly, the second liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly, and the first liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly; the second liquid cooling channel of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid inlet channel, the first liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the third cylinder assembly, the second liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly, and the first liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the fourth cylinder assembly; the third liquid cooling channel of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid outlet channel and the third liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly. The fourth liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly and the third liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly are connected; the fourth liquid cooling channel of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid outlet channel, the third liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the third cylinder assembly and the fourth liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of the fourth cylinder assembly respectively; the first liquid cooling channel, the second liquid cooling channel, the third liquid cooling channel and the fourth liquid cooling channel of the cylinder assembly of each group of cylinder assemblies are connected to the liquid passage end cap installed at the end of each group of cylinder assemblies respectively.

[0009] As a further supplement to this utility model, each cylinder assembly includes a cylinder liner, a valve plate, and an air passage end cap that are installed in sequence away from the dedicated motor.

[0010] As a further supplement to this utility model, a water channel sealing ring A is provided at the connection between the special motor and the liquid cooling channel of the first end cover, and at the connection between the special motor and the liquid cooling channel of the second end cover.

[0011] As a further supplement to this utility model, a water passage sealing ring B is provided at the liquid cooling channel connection between the special motor and the cylinder liner, the liquid cooling channel connection between the cylinder liner and the valve plate, and the liquid cooling channel connection between the valve plate and the air passage end cover.

[0012] As a further supplement to this utility model, a water passage sealing ring C is provided at the connection between the gas passage end cover and the liquid passage end cover and the liquid cooling channel.

[0013] As a further supplement to this utility model, each cylinder assembly is provided with a cam piston assembly, which is driven by a dedicated motor.

[0014] As a further supplement to this utility model, the air passage end caps of the first cylinder assembly and the second cylinder assembly, as well as the air passage end caps of the third cylinder assembly and the fourth cylinder assembly, are respectively connected by a connecting pipe assembly.

[0015] As a further supplement to this utility model, it also includes a liquid pump, a radiator, and a liquid tank; wherein the liquid pump is connected to the liquid inlet channel through a pipeline, and the radiator is connected to the liquid outlet channel through a pipeline; the radiator, liquid tank, and liquid pump are connected in sequence through pipelines.

[0016] The beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows:

[0017] This invention comprehensively solves the problems of low heat dissipation efficiency and easy damage of components in traditional air compressors through a cooling fan, integrated liquid cooling channel design, parallel cooling of multiple cylinder components, and multiple sealing technologies. It achieves a significant improvement in heat dissipation efficiency and extends the lifespan of key components such as cylinder components and dedicated motors. Specific beneficial effects include:

[0018] First, this utility model installs cooling fans at both ends of the special motor to enhance the heat dissipation of the piston assembly and the special motor.

[0019] Secondly, this invention integrates a liquid-cooling channel within the dedicated motor, end cap, and cylinder assembly, forming a complete cooling path that includes an inlet channel, an outlet channel, and the liquid-cooling channel itself. After entering through the first end cap, the coolant flows in two paths through the liquid-cooling channels within the dedicated motor and the cylinder assembly, ultimately converging into the outlet channel of the second end cap. The coolant directly contacts the heat sources of the motor and cylinder assembly, utilizing the high thermal conductivity of the liquid to rapidly absorb heat, avoiding the low efficiency problem of traditional air-cooling. The integrated design of the liquid-cooling channel with the mechanical structure reduces external piping and lowers the risk of leakage.

[0020] Third, this utility model designs a parallel cooling system for multiple cylinder assemblies. For the four cylinder assemblies (first to fourth cylinder assemblies), four liquid cooling channels are divided into two independent parallel loops. Group cooling avoids insufficient flow in a single loop, which could lead to delayed heat dissipation in some cylinder assemblies, thus improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency. In the event of a failure in any loop, the other loop can still maintain some heat dissipation capacity, enhancing system reliability.

[0021] Fourth, this utility model sets water sealing rings at multiple connection points of the liquid cooling channel, which effectively prevents coolant leakage, reduces the decrease in compressor cooling efficiency and component corrosion caused by leakage, and reduces maintenance frequency.

[0022] Fifth, this invention designs a liquid pump, radiator, liquid tank, and liquid cooling channel, forming a circulating liquid cooling loop of "liquid tank → liquid pump → motor / cylinder assembly → radiator → liquid tank". The coolant can be continuously supplied in a circulating manner, ensuring stable equipment temperature under high load conditions. Compared to air-cooled systems, energy consumption is reduced by approximately 40%, minimizing energy waste. This invention reduces reliance on external cooling equipment and is more suitable for complex operating environments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Exploded view;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the liquid flow inside the special motor, the first end cover, the second end cover, and the cylinder assembly;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling cycle working state of this utility model.

[0027] Marked in the image:

[0028] 1. Dedicated motor; 1a. First liquid cooling channel for dedicated motor; 1b. Second liquid cooling channel for dedicated motor; 1c. Third liquid cooling channel for dedicated motor; 1d. Fourth liquid cooling channel for dedicated motor; 2. Cooling fan; 3. First end cap; 3a. Liquid inlet channel; 4. Second end cap; 4a. Liquid outlet channel; 51. First cylinder assembly; 52. Second cylinder assembly; 53. Third cylinder assembly; 54. Fourth cylinder assembly; 501. Cylinder liner; 502. Valve plate; 503. Air passage end cap; 5a. First liquid cooling channel for cylinder assembly; 5b. Second liquid cooling channel for cylinder assembly; 5c. Third liquid cooling channel for cylinder assembly; 5d. Fourth liquid cooling channel for cylinder assembly; 6. Liquid passage end cap; 7. Water passage sealing ring A; 8. Water passage sealing ring B; 9. Water passage sealing ring C; 10. Cam piston assembly; 11. Liquid pump; 12. Radiator; 13. Liquid tank. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. This utility model is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0030] Reference Figures 1-4This utility model provides a compressor with a combined air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure, comprising a dedicated motor 1. One end of the dedicated motor 1 is sequentially connected to a cooling fan 2 and a first end cover 3 with a fixed hollow structure. The opposite end of the dedicated motor 1 is sequentially connected to a cooling fan 2 and a second end cover 4 with a fixed hollow structure. Four sets of cylinder assemblies are mounted on the side of the dedicated motor 1, including a first cylinder assembly 51, a second cylinder assembly 52, a third cylinder assembly 53, and a fourth cylinder assembly 54. A liquid passage end cover 6 with a sealed cavity structure is installed at the end of each cylinder assembly away from the dedicated motor 1. Each cylinder assembly includes a cylinder liner 501, a valve plate 502, and a gas passage end cover 503 sequentially mounted away from the dedicated motor 1. The gas passage end covers 503 of the first cylinder assembly 51 and the second cylinder assembly 52, as well as the gas passage end covers 503 of the third cylinder assembly 53 and the fourth cylinder assembly 54, are connected by a connecting pipe assembly 11. Each cylinder assembly is equipped with a cam piston assembly 10, which is driven by a dedicated motor 1.

[0031] The dedicated motor 1 is provided with a first liquid cooling channel 1a, a second liquid cooling channel 1b, a third liquid cooling channel 1c, and a fourth liquid cooling channel 1d; the first end cover 3 is provided with a liquid inlet channel 3a; the second end cover 4 is provided with a liquid outlet channel 4a; each cylinder assembly is provided with a first liquid cooling channel 5a, a second liquid cooling channel 5b, a third liquid cooling channel 5c, and a fourth liquid cooling channel 5d.

[0032] The first liquid cooling channel 1a of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid inlet channel 3a, the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly 51, and the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly 52, respectively; the second liquid cooling channel 1b of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid inlet channel 3a, the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly of the third cylinder assembly 53, and the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly of the fourth cylinder assembly 54, respectively; the third liquid cooling channel 1c of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid outlet channel 4a, the third liquid cooling channel 1c of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly 51, and the third liquid cooling channel 1c of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly 51, respectively. Channel 5c is connected to the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly, and the third liquid cooling channel 5c and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly 52; the fourth liquid cooling channel 1d of the special motor is connected to the liquid outlet channel 4a, the third liquid cooling channel 5c and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly of the third cylinder assembly 53, and the third liquid cooling channel 5c and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly of the fourth cylinder assembly 54; the first liquid cooling channel 5a, the second liquid cooling channel 5b, the third liquid cooling channel 5c and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of each group of cylinder assemblies are connected to the liquid circuit end cap 6 installed at the end of each group of cylinder assemblies.

[0033] The present invention also includes a liquid pump 12, a radiator 13 and a liquid tank 14; wherein the liquid pump 12 is connected to the liquid inlet channel 3a through a pipeline, and the radiator 13 is connected to the liquid outlet channel 4a through a pipeline; the radiator 13, the liquid tank 14 and the liquid pump 12 are connected in sequence through pipelines.

[0034] The working principle of this utility model's air-cooled structure is as follows: a dedicated motor 1 drives cooling fans 2 at both ends to enhance the heat dissipation of the dedicated motor 1.

[0035] The working principle of this utility model's liquid cooling circulation structure is as follows: the liquid pump 12 draws coolant from the liquid tank 14 and transports it through pipelines to the liquid inlet channel 3a of the first end cover 3 of the special motor 1. The coolant enters the first liquid cooling channel 1a and the second liquid cooling channel 1b of the special motor 1 from the liquid inlet channel 3a to cool the special motor 1. The coolant from the first liquid cooling channel 1a of the special motor passes through the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly 51 and the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly 52 to cool the first cylinder assembly 51 and the second cylinder assembly 52, respectively. Then the coolant enters the first end cover 3 of the special motor 1. The liquid passage end cap 6 installed at the end of the first cylinder assembly 51 and the liquid passage end cap 6 installed at the end of the second cylinder assembly 52 are respectively connected. The cold liquid in the liquid passage end cap 6 installed at the end of the first cylinder assembly 51 and the liquid passage end cap 6 installed at the end of the second cylinder assembly 52 are respectively connected and then flow through the third liquid cooling channel 5c and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly 51 and the third liquid cooling channel 5c and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly 52 to further cool down the first cylinder assembly 51 and the second cylinder assembly 52. ​​Then the cold liquid enters the third liquid cooling channel 1c of the special motor to further cool down the special motor 1. Then the cold liquid flows out from the liquid outlet channel 4a. Simultaneously, the cooling fluid from the second liquid cooling channel 1b of the dedicated motor cools the third cylinder assembly 53 and the fourth cylinder assembly 54 through the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly 53, and the first liquid cooling channel 5a and the second liquid cooling channel 5b of the cylinder assembly 54, respectively. Then, the cooling fluid enters the liquid passage end cap 6 installed at the end of the third cylinder assembly 53 and the end of the fourth cylinder assembly 54. The cooling fluid in the liquid passage end cap 6 installed at the end of the third cylinder assembly 53 and the end of the fourth cylinder assembly 54 converges and then flows through the third liquid cooling channel 5c and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly 53 and the fourth liquid cooling channel 5d of the cylinder assembly 54, respectively. The third cylinder assembly 53 and the fourth cylinder assembly 54 are further cooled. The cooled liquid then enters the fourth liquid cooling channel 1d of the dedicated motor 1 for further cooling. After passing through the fourth liquid cooling channel 1d, the cooled liquid flows out through the outlet channel 4a. The cooled liquid then enters the radiator 13 through pipes. The radiator 13 consists of numerous fine heat dissipation pipes or fins. The coolant flows through these heat dissipation pipes or fins, dissipating heat to the surrounding environment through heat exchange with the outside air. The cooled liquid then enters the liquid tank 14 through pipes, completing one cycle. The circulation continues, and the liquid pump 12 continuously operates, driving the coolant to circulate continuously, ensuring that the equipment receives effective cooling during operation.

[0036] Water passage sealing rings A7 are provided at the liquid cooling channel connection between the special motor 1 and the first end cover 3, and at the liquid cooling channel connection between the special motor 1 and the second end cover 4. Water passage sealing rings B8 are provided at the liquid cooling channel connection between the special motor 1 and the cylinder liner 501, the cylinder liner 501 and the valve plate 502, and the valve plate 502 and the gas passage end cover 503. Water passage sealing rings C9 are provided at the liquid cooling channel connection between the gas passage end cover 503 and the liquid passage end cover 6. Water passage sealing rings A7, B8, and C9 are used to prevent liquid leakage and improve the stability of the liquid cooling structure operation.

[0037] Furthermore, the intake and exhaust processes of this invention are the core components for achieving air compression and delivery. The intake process occurs when the cam piston assembly 10 moves downwards within the cylinder assembly (intake stroke), causing the pressure within the cylinder assembly to decrease below the intake pressure. At this time, the intake valve (mounted on valve plate 502) is opened, allowing outside air to enter the cylinder assembly. The exhaust process occurs when the exhaust valve opens: as the cam piston assembly 10 begins to move upwards (compression stroke), the air within the cylinder assembly is compressed, increasing the pressure. When the pressure exceeds the pressure in the exhaust passage, the exhaust valve (also mounted on air passage end cover 503) is opened.

[0038] The valve plate 502 has an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel that are connected to the cylinder assembly, which are the paths for air to enter and exit the cylinder assembly.

[0039] Compressed air is discharged from the cylinder assembly through the exhaust passage on valve plate 502. The exhaust passage delivers the compressed air to an air tank or other equipment that requires high-pressure air. The cam piston assembly 10 continues to move upward, completely expelling the compressed air from the cylinder assembly, and then moves downward again to begin the next intake stroke.

[0040] Valve plate 502 is used to control the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves to ensure that gas enters and exits the cylinder assembly at the correct time.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A compressor with a wind-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure, comprising a dedicated motor (1), one end of which is sequentially connected to a cooling fan (2) and a first end cover (3) with a fixed hollow structure; the other end of the dedicated motor (1) is sequentially connected to a cooling fan (2) and a second end cover (4) with a fixed hollow structure; four sets of cylinder assemblies are mounted on the side of the dedicated motor (1), including a first cylinder assembly (51), a second cylinder assembly (52), a third cylinder assembly (53), and a fourth cylinder assembly (54); each set of cylinder assemblies has a liquid passage end cover (6) mounted on the end away from the dedicated motor (1); characterized in that: The dedicated motor (1) is provided with a first liquid cooling channel (1a), a second liquid cooling channel (1b), a third liquid cooling channel (1c), and a fourth liquid cooling channel (1d); the first end cap (3) is provided with an inlet channel (3a); the second end cap (4) is provided with an outlet channel (4a); each cylinder assembly is provided with a first liquid cooling channel (5a), a second liquid cooling channel (5b), a third liquid cooling channel (5c), and a fourth liquid cooling channel (5d). The first liquid cooling channel (1a) of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid inlet channel (3a), the first liquid cooling channel (5a) and the second liquid cooling channel (5b) of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly (51), and the first liquid cooling channel (5a) and the second liquid cooling channel (5b) of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly (52), respectively; the second liquid cooling channel (1b) of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid inlet channel (3a), the first liquid cooling channel (5a) and the second liquid cooling channel (5b) of the cylinder assembly of the third cylinder assembly (53), and the first liquid cooling channel (5a) and the second liquid cooling channel (5b) of the cylinder assembly of the fourth cylinder assembly (54), respectively; the third liquid cooling channel (1c) of the dedicated motor is connected to the liquid outlet channel (4a), the third liquid cooling channel (5c) of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly (51), and the third liquid cooling channel (5c) of the cylinder assembly of the first cylinder assembly (51), respectively. The cold channel (5c) and the fourth liquid cooling channel (5d) of the cylinder assembly and the third liquid cooling channel (5c) and the fourth liquid cooling channel (5d) of the cylinder assembly of the second cylinder assembly (52) are connected; the fourth liquid cooling channel (1d) of the special motor is connected to the liquid outlet channel (4a), the third liquid cooling channel (5c) and the fourth liquid cooling channel (5d) of the cylinder assembly of the third cylinder assembly (53) and the third liquid cooling channel (5c) and the fourth liquid cooling channel (5d) of the cylinder assembly of the fourth cylinder assembly (54) are connected; the first liquid cooling channel (5a), the second liquid cooling channel (5b), the third liquid cooling channel (5c) and the fourth liquid cooling channel (5d) of the cylinder assembly of each group of cylinder assemblies are connected to the liquid circuit end cap (6) installed at the end of each group of cylinder assemblies.

2. A compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cylinder assembly includes a cylinder liner (501), a valve plate (502), and an air passage end cap (503) installed sequentially in a direction away from the dedicated motor (1).

3. A compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Water seal rings A (7) are provided at the connection between the liquid cooling channel of the special motor (1) and the first end cover (3) and at the connection between the liquid cooling channel of the special motor (1) and the second end cover (4).

4. A compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: Water passage sealing rings B (8) are respectively provided at the liquid cooling passage connection between the special motor (1) and the cylinder liner (501), the liquid cooling passage connection between the cylinder liner (501) and the valve plate (502), and the liquid cooling passage connection between the valve plate (502) and the air passage end cover (503).

5. A compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection between the gas end cap (503) and the liquid end cap (6) is provided with a water channel sealing ring C (9).

6. A compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cylinder assembly is equipped with a cam piston assembly (10), which is driven by a dedicated motor (1).

7. A compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air passage end cap (503) of the first cylinder assembly (51) and the air passage end cap (503) of the second cylinder assembly (52) are connected by a connecting pipe assembly (11), as are the air passage end cap (503) of the third cylinder assembly (53) and the air passage end cap (503) of the fourth cylinder assembly (54).

8. A compressor with an air-cooled and liquid-cooled circulation structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid pump (12), a radiator (13) and a liquid tank (14); wherein the liquid pump (12) is connected to the liquid inlet channel (3a) through a pipeline, and the radiator (13) is connected to the liquid outlet channel (4a) through a pipeline; the radiator (13), the liquid tank (14) and the liquid pump (12) are connected in sequence through pipelines.

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