A photovoltaic thermal collector, module and heat pump system

Abstract

This utility model discloses a photovoltaic thermal collector, comprising: branch channels, sub-branch channels, cross-section channels, a main outlet channel, and a main inlet channel. Multiple sub-branch channels are stacked equidistantly layered, and each end is connected to the main outlet channel and the main inlet channel via multiple branch channels. The multiple sub-branch channels are internally connected by multiple cross-section channels, and the length and width of the multiple branch channels decrease from the outside to the inside. The stacked sub-branch channels maximize the heat exchange area within a limited space. The parallel flow distribution of multiple branch channels and sub-branch channels improves flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity. The multiple cross-section channels within the sub-branch channels balance the pressure drop within them. The decreasing length and width of the branch channels from the outside to the inside achieves balanced fluid flow between the inner and outer sides. The flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity are improved based on the flow diameter of the sub-branch channels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of heat pump technology, specifically to a photovoltaic thermal collector, component and heat pump system. Background Technology

[0002] In a photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system (PVTS), the photovoltaic thermal module (PVTM) is a crucial component. A PVTM typically consists of solar cells (PV), a photovoltaic thermal collector (PT), and an adhesive layer, connected through processes such as bonding, lamination, and edge pressing. The photovoltaic thermal collector requires design considerations not only for uniform temperature and flow, and low resistance, but also for simplifying the manufacturing process, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency.

[0003] Conventional photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal collectors typically use serpentine, hexagonal, or rectangular channels for their flow channels, with a flow distribution design at the inlet section. Some existing technologies connect the inlet and outlet via serpentine pipes; however, most are single-channel designs, which suffer from high flow velocities, large inlet-outlet temperature differences, susceptibility to damage, high pressure drop, and high energy consumption. Some existing technologies design the width and height of the flow channels to achieve high heat collection efficiency and low flow resistance, with internal channels avoiding functional areas for connection to other equipment, such as junction boxes and electrical boxes. However, these patents do not address improvements in flow distribution and flow, resulting in uneven flow rate and velocity distribution. This leads to localized thermal fluctuations within the collector, making the equipment susceptible to damage. Furthermore, the flow path is affected by the location of functional areas, causing channel narrowing at these areas. This localized narrowing often alters the direction of fluid impulse and the length of the flow channel, impacting temperature uniformity, ease of manufacturing and installation, and structural strength. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems of uneven flow rate, velocity, pressure drop, and temperature distribution in existing photovoltaic thermal collectors, this invention provides a photovoltaic thermal collector, module, and heat pump system.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] The first aspect of this utility model discloses a photovoltaic thermal collector, comprising: a branch flow channel, a sub-branch flow channel, a cross-flow channel, a main outlet flow channel, and a main inlet flow channel; Multiple sub-branch channels are stacked at equal intervals layer by layer, and both ends are connected to the main outlet channel and the main inlet channel respectively through multiple branch channels; The multiple sub-branch channels are connected internally by multiple cross-sectional channels, and the length and width of the multiple branch channels decrease from the outside to the inside.

[0007] Preferably, the sub-branch flow channel is a U-shaped tube structure with the ends connected, and the sub-branch flow channel includes: a vertical section and a horizontal section, with both ends of the horizontal section connected to the vertical section.

[0008] Preferably, the vertical section is connected to the main outlet channel and the main inlet channel respectively through the branch channels.

[0009] Preferably, the vertical section is a dual-channel structure with different lengths, and the pressure drop is balanced by multiple cross-channels connected within the vertical section.

[0010] Preferably, the branch flow channel includes an inlet branch flow channel and an outlet branch flow channel, the main inlet flow channel is connected to multiple inlet branch flow channels, the inlet branch flow channel is connected to the corresponding outlet branch flow channel through multiple sub-branch flow channels, and the outlet branch flow channel is connected to the main outlet flow channel.

[0011] Preferably, the main inlet channel has an inlet at one end, and the length and width of the multiple inlet branch channels decrease gradually from the inlet channel inward.

[0012] Preferably, the photovoltaic thermal collector further includes: a first heat collection plate and a second heat collection plate, both the first heat collection plate and the second heat collection plate are provided with all flow channels, and the main outlet flow channel on the first heat collection plate and the main inlet flow channel on the second heat collection plate are connected.

[0013] Preferably, the first heat collecting plate and the second heat collecting plate are provided with multiple connecting parts on opposite sides, and the first heat collecting plate and the second heat collecting plate are connected through the connecting parts to form an installation port.

[0014] The second aspect of this utility model discloses a photovoltaic thermal module, including the aforementioned photovoltaic thermal collector.

[0015] The third aspect of this utility model discloses a heat pump system, including the aforementioned photovoltaic thermal module.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows, compared with the prior art: This invention features multiple sub-branch channels stacked at equal intervals in layers, maximizing the heat exchange area within a limited space, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency and capacity. The sub-branch channels are connected to the main outlet and main inlet channels through multiple branch channels. The parallel flow distribution of multiple branch channels and sub-branch channels improves flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity, reduces pressure loss, and enhances equipment durability. Multiple cross-flow channels are set within the sub-branch channels to balance the pressure drop within the sub-branch channels, synergistically achieving flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity, further increasing the heat exchange area. At the same time, the length and width of the branch channels decrease from the outside to the inside, achieving both internal and external fluid flow balance and matching with the sub-branch channels. The flow resistance is adjusted according to the flow path of the sub-branch channels to further improve flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity.

[0017] The sub-branch flow channel of this utility model is a U-shaped structure with the ends connected. On the one hand, it is more suitable for the layer-by-layer stacking setting of this utility model, which is convenient for stacking. On the other hand, it has better flow uniformity. The vertical section is connected by multiple cross-section flow channels, which balances the pressure drop deviation caused by the different lengths of the vertical section and improves temperature uniformity, flow uniformity and pressure uniformity.

[0018] This utility model's branch flow channels, on the one hand, decrease in length from the outside to the inside, avoiding excessive deviations in flow velocity and flow rate between branch flow channels near and far from the flow channel inlet, thus improving flow uniformity and heat exchange capacity, and preventing uneven heat exchange between the inner and outer sides. On the other hand, since the outer sub-branch flow channels have longer flow paths and the inner sub-branch flow channels have shorter flow paths, by gradually decreasing the flow channel width from the outside to the inside, each sub-branch flow channel matches the flow resistance according to the length of its flow path, compensating for pressure drop deviations, and further improving flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity.

[0019] This utility model connects the flow channel through the first and second heat collection plates, forming an installation port for connecting with other equipment. Without affecting the original flow channel design, it connects with other equipment, ensuring the stability of the connection and the convenience of processing and installation. It also avoids changes in the direction of fluid impulse and the length of the flow channel due to the narrowing of the flow channel, which would lead to increased flow channel wear and uneven flow distribution, thus ensuring the continuity, consistency and uniformity of refrigerant flow. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a front view of a photovoltaic thermal collector according to this utility model; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic thermal collector according to this utility model; Figure 3 This is a front view of the second heat collection plate of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a front view of the first heat-collecting plate of this utility model; Figure 5This is a front view of the inlet branch flow channel of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a front view of the outlet branch flow channel of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a front view of the cross-sectional flow channel of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a front view of the connecting part of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the sub-branch flow channel of this utility model; In the diagram: 1. Flow channel inlet; 2. Inlet branch flow channel; 21. Inlet branch flow channel one; 22. Inlet branch flow channel two; 23. Inlet branch flow channel three; 24. Inlet branch flow channel four; 25. Inlet branch flow channel five; 3. Sub-branch flow channel; 31. Vertical section; 32. Horizontal section; 4. Cross-section flow channel; 5. Connecting part; 6. Connecting port; 7. Main outlet flow channel; 8. Installation port; 9. Main inlet flow channel; 10. Flow channel outlet; 11. First heat collection plate; 12. Second heat collection plate; 13. Outlet branch flow channel; 131. Outlet branch flow channel one; 132. Outlet branch flow channel two; 133. Outlet branch flow channel three; 134. Outlet branch flow channel four; 135. Outlet branch flow channel five. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this utility model, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0023] like Figures 1-9 As shown, Embodiment 1 of this utility model discloses a photovoltaic thermal collector, which includes: a branch channel, a sub-branch channel 3, a cross channel 4, a main outlet channel 7, and a main inlet channel 9; Multiple sub-branch channels 3 are stacked at equal intervals layer by layer, and both ends are connected to the main outlet channel 7 and the main inlet channel 9 respectively through multiple branch channels; The multiple sub-branch channels 3 are connected internally by multiple cross-sectional channels 4, and the length and width of the multiple branch channels decrease from the outside to the inside.

[0024] This utility model features multiple sub-branch channels stacked at equal intervals layer by layer, maximizing the heat exchange area in a limited space, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency and capacity. The sub-branch channels are connected to the main outlet channel and the main inlet channel through multiple branch channels. The multiple branch channels and sub-branch channels are parallel to each other, which improves the uniformity of flow, temperature and pressure, reduces pressure loss and improves the durability of the equipment. Multiple cross-flow channels are set in the sub-branch flow channel to balance the pressure drop in the sub-branch flow channel and synergistically achieve uniform flow, uniform temperature and uniform pressure, further increasing the heat exchange area; Meanwhile, the length and width of the branch channels decrease from the outside to the inside, which on the one hand achieves the balance of fluid flow on the inside and outside, and on the other hand matches with the sub-branch channels. The flow resistance is adjusted according to the flow path of the sub-branch channels to further improve the uniformity of flow, temperature and pressure.

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the sub-branch flow channel 3 is a U-shaped tube structure with the ends connected, and multiple sub-branch flow channels 3 are stacked at equal intervals layer by layer.

[0026] The sub-branch flow channel 3 includes a vertical section 31 and a horizontal section 32. The two ends of the horizontal section 32 are connected to the vertical section 31. The vertical section 31 is connected to the main outlet flow channel 7 and the main inlet flow channel 9 respectively through the branch flow channels.

[0027] Both the vertical section 31 and the horizontal section 32 are dual-channel structures with different lengths. The structure is simple and the fluid distribution is more balanced. The vertical section 31 is connected by multiple horizontal channels 4 to balance the pressure drop deviation caused by the different lengths in the sub-branch channels 3, which improves the uniformity of flow, temperature and pressure, ensures that the pressure drop at both ends of the horizontal channels 4 is consistent, avoids uneven temperature distribution, and increases the heat exchange area.

[0028] The sub-branch flow channel of this utility model is a U-shaped structure with the ends connected. On the one hand, it is more suitable for the layer-by-layer stacking setting of this utility model, which is convenient for stacking. On the other hand, it has better flow uniformity. The vertical section is connected by multiple cross-section flow channels, which balances the pressure drop deviation caused by the different lengths of the vertical section and improves temperature uniformity, flow uniformity and pressure uniformity.

[0029] The spacing inside the vertical section 31 is greater than the spacing between multiple vertical sections 31. On the one hand, by increasing the spacing inside the vertical section 31, it is convenient to set up the cross-flow channel 4, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and heat exchange capacity. On the other hand, by shortening the spacing between multiple vertical sections 31, it avoids excessive pressure deviation between multiple sub-branch channels 3, thereby improving flow uniformity, temperature uniformity and pressure uniformity.

[0030] Preferably, but not limitingly, the internal spacing of the vertical segments 31 on the sub-branch channel 3 can be 50 mm, and the spacing between multiple vertical segments 31 can be 30 mm.

[0031] The inclined arrangement of the transverse flow channel 4 better ensures that the pressure drop inside the vertical sections 31 of different lengths is consistent, and ensures that the refrigerant flow in the inner and outer vertical sections 31 is distributed according to the length of the vertical section 31, thus avoiding an imbalance in heat exchange efficiency and heat exchange capacity between the inner and outer sides.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the branch flow channel includes: an inlet branch flow channel 2 and an outlet branch flow channel 13. The main inlet flow channel 9 is connected to multiple inlet branch flow channels 2. The inlet branch flow channel 2 is connected to the corresponding outlet branch flow channel 13 through multiple sub-branch flow channels 3. The outlet branch flow channel 13 is connected to the main outlet flow channel 7.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the main inlet channel 9 is provided with a channel inlet 1 at the end away from the main outlet channel 7, and the length and width of the inlet branch channel 2 decrease gradually from the channel inlet 1 inward.

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the main outlet channel 7 has a channel outlet 10 at the end away from the main inlet channel 9.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the inlet branch channel 2 includes: inlet branch channel one 21, inlet branch channel two 22, inlet branch channel three 23, inlet branch channel four 24 and inlet branch channel five 25. The main inlet channel 9 is provided with inlet branch channel one 21, inlet branch channel two 22, inlet branch channel three 23, inlet branch channel four 24 and inlet branch channel five 25 in sequence from the channel inlet 1. The length and width of the plurality of inlet branch channels 2 decrease step by step from the channel inlet 1 inward.

[0036] The outlet branch channel 13 includes: outlet branch channel one 131, outlet branch channel two 132, outlet branch channel three 133, outlet branch channel four 134 and outlet branch channel five 135. The main outlet channel 7 is provided with outlet branch channel one 131, outlet branch channel two 132, outlet branch channel three 133, outlet branch channel four 134 and outlet branch channel five 135 in sequence from the channel outlet 10 inward.

[0037] It is understood that the outlet branch channel 13 and the inlet branch channel 2 can be symmetrically arranged to ensure the continuity of refrigerant flow.

[0038] The refrigerant flow rate and velocity of the inlet branch channels 2 in this invention decrease sequentially from the inlet channel 1 inwards. To improve flow uniformity, on the one hand, the length of the multiple inlet branch channels 2 decreases step by step from the inlet channel 1 inwards, thereby reducing the distance and time from the main inlet channel 9 to the sub-branch channels 3. This allows for adjustment of pressure drop and flow time based on flow rate and velocity, improving flow uniformity and preventing uneven flow distribution and heat exchange caused by different flow rates on the inner and outer sides. On the other hand, since the multiple sub-branch channels 3 are stacked layer by layer, with the outer sub-branch channels 3 having a longer flow path and the inner sub-branch channels 3 having a shorter flow path, the width of the multiple inlet branch channels 2 decreases step by step from the inlet channel 1 inwards. This allows each sub-branch channel 3 to match the flow resistance according to its flow path length, compensating for pressure drop deviations and further improving flow uniformity, pressure uniformity, and temperature uniformity.

[0039] This utility model's branch flow channels, on the one hand, decrease in length from the outside to the inside, avoiding excessive deviations in flow velocity and flow rate between branch flow channels near and far from the flow channel inlet, thus improving flow uniformity and heat exchange capacity, and preventing uneven heat exchange between the inner and outer sides. On the other hand, since the outer sub-branch flow channels have longer flow paths and the inner sub-branch flow channels have shorter flow paths, by gradually decreasing the flow channel width from the outside to the inside, each sub-branch flow channel matches the flow resistance according to the length of its flow path, compensating for pressure drop deviations, and further improving flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity.

[0040] Preferably, but not limitingly, the inlet branch flow channel 2 may not be provided with more than one, two, three, four, and five inlet branch flow channels. The number of flow channels in the inlet branch flow channel 2 can be adjusted according to the actual situation. Five to seven flow channels in the inlet branch flow channel 2 are the best. This can avoid the deformation and sinking of too many flow channels under liquid pressure drop, resulting in uneven flow distribution and easy damage to the equipment. On the other hand, it can avoid the large flow channel spacing, uneven flow distribution, small heat exchange area, large load on a single flow channel, high flow velocity, resulting in excessive pressure drop and equipment wear and damage.

[0041] Preferably, but not limitingly, in the inlet branch channels 2, the channel width of the first inlet branch channel 21 can be 6.3 mm, the channel width of the second inlet branch channel 22 can be 5.3 mm, the channel width of the third inlet branch channel 23 can be 4.3 mm, the channel width of the fourth inlet branch channel 24 can be 3.5 mm, and the channel width of the fifth inlet branch channel 25 can be 2.7 mm. This achieves a gradual narrowing of the inlet branch channels 2 from the outside to the inside, which better matches the flow path of the corresponding sub-branch channels 3 and improves the uniformity of flow and temperature.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic thermal collector also includes a first heat collection plate 11 and a second heat collection plate 12. All flow channels are arranged on the first heat collection plate 11 and the second heat collection plate 12, and the main outlet flow channel 7 on the first heat collection plate 11 and the main inlet flow channel 9 on the second heat collection plate 12 are connected.

[0043] A connection port 6 is provided at the connection position between the main outlet channel 7 of the first heat collection plate 11 and the main inlet channel 9 of the second heat collection plate 12, which facilitates the connection and disassembly of the main outlet channel 7 and the main inlet channel 9. The main outlet channel 7 and the main inlet channel 9 at the connection port 6 can be sealed by ring welding, which improves the stability and sealing of the connection.

[0044] Multiple connecting parts 5 are provided on opposite sides of the first heat collecting plate 11 and the second heat collecting plate 12, and the first heat collecting plate 11 and the second heat collecting plate 12 are connected by the connecting parts 5.

[0045] Preferably, but not limitingly, the number of heat collection plates can be adjusted according to actual needs, simply by connecting the main inlet channel 9 and the main outlet channel 7 of each heat collection plate.

[0046] Preferably, but not limitingly, the height of all channels on the first heat collection plate 11 and the second heat collection plate 12 does not exceed 5mm, the thickness of the first heat collection plate 11 and the second heat collection plate 12 can be 0.5mm-2mm, and the material can be aluminum alloy, such as 1060 aluminum, using a blow-blowing process, with a pressure bearing capacity of not less than 2.0MPa, ensuring structural strength.

[0047] The spaced gaps between the multiple connecting parts 5 form mounting ports 8, through which other devices, such as junction boxes and electrical boxes, are connected.

[0048] This utility model connects the first heat collection plate 11 and the second heat collection plate 12 through the connecting part 5. Without affecting the original flow channel design, it connects to other equipment through the installation port 8. This ensures the stability of the connection and the convenience of processing and installation. It also avoids changes in the direction of fluid impulse and the length of the flow channel due to the narrowing of the flow channel. This ensures the continuity, consistency and uniformity of refrigerant flow and avoids increased flow channel wear and uneven flow distribution caused by the flow channel being narrowed.

[0049] Embodiment 2 of this utility model discloses a photovoltaic photothermal module, including: a solar cell and the photovoltaic photothermal collector.

[0050] The photovoltaic thermal collector is mounted on the back of the solar cell.

[0051] Embodiment 3 of this utility model discloses a heat pump system, including the aforementioned photovoltaic thermal module.

[0052] The working principle of the photovoltaic thermal collector of this utility model is as follows: the refrigerant flows from the main inlet channel 9 into multiple sub-branch channels 3; the refrigerant circulates in the sub-branch channels 3 for heat exchange; until the refrigerant flows out from the main outlet channel 7.

[0053] Preferably, but not limitingly, the refrigerant can be R32 (difluoromethane), or other refrigerants can be selected according to actual needs. Refrigerants with a phase change temperature of 30°C and a phase change pressure of less than 2 MPa are preferred for better results.

[0054] The calculated mass flow rate of the refrigerant is approximately 0.002 kg / s.

[0055] Preferably, but not limitingly, the mass flow rate of each channel should be less than 0.003 kg / s.

[0056] The formula for calculating the mass flow rate is:

[0057] In the formula, Qm is the mass flow rate; A represents the heat collection area; E represents irradiance; For heat gain rate; Ql is the latent heat of vaporization; Dryness; This is a correction factor.

[0058] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows, compared with the prior art: This invention features multiple sub-branch channels stacked at equal intervals in layers, maximizing the heat exchange area within a limited space, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency and capacity. The sub-branch channels are connected to the main outlet and main inlet channels through multiple branch channels. The parallel flow distribution of multiple branch channels and sub-branch channels improves flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity, reduces pressure loss, and enhances equipment durability. Multiple cross-flow channels are set within the sub-branch channels to balance the pressure drop within the sub-branch channels, synergistically achieving flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity, further increasing the heat exchange area. At the same time, the length and width of the branch channels decrease from the outside to the inside, achieving both internal and external fluid flow balance and matching with the sub-branch channels. The flow resistance is adjusted according to the flow path of the sub-branch channels to further improve flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity.

[0059] The sub-branch flow channel of this utility model is a U-shaped structure with the ends connected. On the one hand, it is more suitable for the layer-by-layer stacking setting of this utility model, which is convenient for stacking. On the other hand, it has better flow uniformity. The vertical section is connected by multiple cross-section flow channels, which balances the pressure drop deviation caused by the different lengths of the vertical section and improves temperature uniformity, flow uniformity and pressure uniformity.

[0060] This utility model's branch flow channels, on the one hand, decrease in length from the outside to the inside, avoiding excessive deviations in flow velocity and flow rate between branch flow channels near and far from the flow channel inlet, thus improving flow uniformity and heat exchange capacity, and preventing uneven heat exchange between the inner and outer sides. On the other hand, since the outer sub-branch flow channels have longer flow paths and the inner sub-branch flow channels have shorter flow paths, by gradually decreasing the flow channel width from the outside to the inside, each sub-branch flow channel matches the flow resistance according to the length of its flow path, compensating for pressure drop deviations, and further improving flow uniformity, temperature uniformity, and pressure uniformity.

[0061] This utility model connects the flow channel through the first and second heat collection plates, forming an installation port for connecting with other equipment. Without affecting the original flow channel design, it connects with other equipment, ensuring the stability of the connection and the convenience of processing and installation. It also avoids changes in the direction of fluid impulse and the length of the flow channel due to the narrowing of the flow channel, which would lead to increased flow channel wear and uneven flow distribution, thus ensuring the continuity, consistency and uniformity of refrigerant flow.

[0062] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of this utility model. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this utility model should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic thermal collector, comprising: The branch flow channel, sub-branch flow channel (3), cross-flow channel (4), main outlet flow channel (7), and main inlet flow channel (9) are characterized in that: Multiple sub-branch channels (3) are stacked at equal intervals layer by layer, and both ends are connected to the main outlet channel (7) and the main inlet channel (9) respectively through multiple branch channels; The multiple sub-branch channels (3) are connected internally by multiple cross-section channels (4), and the length and width of the multiple branch channels decrease from the outside to the inside.

2. A photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-branch flow channel (3) is a U-shaped tube structure with the ends connected. The sub-branch flow channel (3) includes a vertical section (31) and a horizontal section (32). The two ends of the horizontal section (32) are connected to the vertical section (31).

3. A photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical section (31) is connected to the main outlet channel (7) and the main inlet channel (9) respectively through the branch channels.

4. A photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical section (31) is a dual-channel structure with different lengths. The pressure drop is balanced by multiple cross-channels (4) connected within the vertical section (31).

5. A photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch flow channels include: an inlet branch flow channel (2) and an outlet branch flow channel (13). The main inlet flow channel (9) is connected to multiple inlet branch flow channels (2). The inlet branch flow channels (2) are connected to the corresponding outlet branch flow channels (13) through multiple sub-branch flow channels (3). The outlet branch flow channels (13) are connected to the main outlet flow channel (7).

6. A photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main inlet channel (9) has a channel inlet (1) at one end, and the length and width of the multiple inlet branch channels (2) decrease gradually from the channel inlet (1) inward.

7. A photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic thermal collector further includes a first heat collection plate (11) and a second heat collection plate (12), both of which are provided with flow channels, and the main outlet flow channel (7) on the first heat collection plate (11) and the main inlet flow channel (9) on the second heat collection plate (12) are connected.

8. A photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 7, characterized in that: Multiple connecting parts (5) are provided on opposite sides of the first heat collecting plate (11) and the second heat collecting plate (12), and the first heat collecting plate (11) and the second heat collecting plate (12) are connected through the connecting parts (5) to form an installation port (8).

9. A photovoltaic thermal module, characterized in that, Including the photovoltaic thermal collector as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A heat pump system, characterized in that, Including the photovoltaic thermal module as described in claim 9.

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