Single transmission rod based earth and rockfill dam multi-measuring point horizontal displacement monitoring system

Abstract

This utility model relates to a multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transfer rod. It includes an anchor point, a transfer rod, a protective pipe, multiple intermediate measuring points, a reference measuring point, a steel wire rope, a guide pulley, a counterweight, a suspension bracket, a data acquisition device, and a signal cable. One end of the transfer rod is fixed to the anchor point inside the dam body, extends horizontally along the dam body through all intermediate measuring points, and the other end extends into the observation station, passes through the reference measuring point, and connects to the steel wire rope. The other end of the steel wire rope winds around the guide pulley and suspends the counterweight. Each intermediate and reference measuring point includes a sealed protective box and a built-in displacement sensor. The transfer rod passes through each sealed protective box and is connected to the displacement-sensitive component of the displacement sensor via a connecting component. Each displacement sensor is connected to the data acquisition device via a signal cable. This system uses a single transfer rod to achieve synchronous monitoring of multiple measuring points, has a simple structure, supports continuous monitoring during construction, and improves monitoring accuracy and maintenance convenience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geotechnical engineering safety monitoring technology, specifically to a multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transmission rod, which is suitable for synchronous, continuous, and high-precision monitoring of the horizontal displacement of multiple points inside geotechnical structures such as earth-rock dams and embankments. Background Technology

[0002] In the safety monitoring of large geotechnical structures such as earth-rock dams, internal horizontal displacement is one of the important parameters reflecting the stability and deformation characteristics of the dam body. Currently, the industry widely uses tension wire horizontal displacement gauges to monitor the horizontal displacement of multiple measuring points at a specific elevation within the dam body, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, this system uses a steel wire as the measuring line. Anchor blocks 101 are set at selected locations within the dam body as measuring points. A steel wire 102 (i.e., the measuring line) is fixed to the anchor blocks 101, and the steel wire 102 is guided to the measuring support 105 via a pulley system 104 located in the observation station 12 on the dam surface. A counterweight 9 is suspended at the end of the steel wire 102 to ensure that the steel wire 102 is always under tension and that the tension applied to the steel wire 102 remains constant. A steel wire protective tube 103 is provided on the outside of the steel wire 102. A scale 1051 or a displacement sensor is installed on the measuring support 105, and a pointer 1021 is fixed to the steel wire 102 or connected to the displacement sensor. When there is horizontal tension or compression between the measuring point 101 and the observation station 12, the counterweight 9 on the measuring bracket 105 will move up and down, causing the pointer 1021 on the steel wire 102 to indicate the displacement on the scale 1051, or remote telemetry can be achieved through the displacement sensor, thereby recording the horizontal displacement of the measuring point 101 relative to the observation station 12.

[0003] If displacement data of multiple measuring points relative to the observation station is required, multiple measuring points need to be arranged in parallel on the same strip, and an equal number of steel wires, guide pulleys, and measuring supports should be configured accordingly. The specific layout is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, measuring points 1, 2, and 3 (or more) are arranged, and three corresponding sets of steel wires, guide pulleys, counterweights, and measuring supports are configured in the observation station. However, this multi-wire parallel monitoring scheme has the following main drawbacks:

[0004] 1. The system is complex and occupies a lot of space: The number of steel wires, counterweights and measuring supports need to be configured according to the number of measuring points. The more measuring points there are, the larger the overall scale of the system. Not only does the observation station need to reserve a lot of space to arrange multiple sets of equipment, but multiple sets of supporting structures also need to be laid out simultaneously inside the dam body, which leads to a chaotic on-site layout and greatly increases the difficulty of later management and maintenance.

[0005] 2. Limited number of measuring points, high cost and construction difficulty: Due to the limited diameter of the protective pipe and the spacing of the steel wires, a single protective pipe can usually only accommodate a maximum of 7 steel wires (corresponding to 7 measuring points). If the project needs to monitor more measuring points, one or more additional protective pipes need to be installed, which leads to complex construction, increased material consumption, and significantly increased installation complexity and cost.

[0006] 3. Due to the limitations of the construction period, especially the dam body filling process, which is easily affected by slope and top rockfalls, most observation stations can only be built and put into use after the dam body filling is completed. This makes it impossible to obtain the internal horizontal displacement data of the dam body during the critical stage of filling. Only the deformation during the operation period can be monitored, which leads to the failure of the deformation characteristics of the dam body throughout the entire process of "construction period - water storage period - operation period". This affects the understanding of the deformation characteristics of the dam throughout the entire process and the safety assessment.

[0007] 4. Slow measurement speed and low measurement accuracy: To reduce the creep effect of continuous large loads on the steel wire, additional counterweights are required for each measurement, especially automatic measurements, to eliminate the local bending effect (i.e., straightening) of the steel wire. After the measurement, the additional counterweights must be removed to unload the wire. In this process, each measuring point typically takes several minutes to complete one loading and unloading cycle, and the process is completed sequentially according to the measuring point order. A single measurement at multiple measuring points in the system typically takes tens of minutes or more than an hour, resulting in low measurement efficiency.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of horizontal displacement monitoring system that can achieve simultaneous monitoring of multiple measurement points, has a simpler structure, faster measurement speed, and can cover monitoring during the construction period, in order to solve the industry's pain points. Utility Model Content

[0009] To address the problems of existing technologies, such as system complexity, limited number of measuring points, inability to monitor deformation during construction, susceptibility to interference, and difficult maintenance, this utility model provides a multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transmission rod. This system enables synchronous, high-precision, remote, and automated monitoring of multiple measuring points on the internal deformation of geotechnical structures such as earth-rock dams and embankments. It significantly reduces system complexity and installation costs, supports continuous monitoring during construction, and enhances the safety monitoring capabilities of dams throughout their entire life cycle.

[0010] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0011] A multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transfer rod is characterized by comprising an anchor point, a transfer rod, a protective pipe, multiple intermediate measuring points, a reference measuring point, a steel wire rope, a guide pulley, a counterweight, a suspension bracket, a data acquisition device, and a signal cable. The anchor point is located inside the dam body. One end of the transfer rod is fixed to the anchor point. The transfer rod extends horizontally along the interior of the dam body, passing through all the intermediate measuring points. The other end of the transfer rod extends to an observation station on the downstream side of the dam body, passes through the reference measuring point located in the observation station, and connects to one end of the steel wire rope. The other end of the steel wire rope passes over the guide pulley on the suspension bracket and is freely suspended by the steel wire rope, which applies tension to the transfer rod. A counterweight; a protective tube is sleeved on the outside of the transmission rod located inside the dam body, and multiple support components supporting the transmission rod are arranged along the length of the protective tube; intermediate measuring points are spaced along the transmission rod inside the dam body, and reference measuring points are arranged corresponding to the extension path of the transmission rod. Each intermediate measuring point and reference measuring point includes a sealed protective box and a built-in displacement sensor. The transmission rod passes through each sealed protective box and is suspended inside the box. A connecting component is fixed on the transmission rod at the position corresponding to each sealed protective box. The connecting component is located inside the sealed protective box and is connected to the displacement sensitive component of the displacement sensor. Each displacement sensor is connected to the data acquisition device through a signal cable.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission rod is a glass fiber rod, carbon fiber rod, Invar wire or composite material rod, and is a single rod or composed of multiple rod segments connected together.

[0013] Preferably, the supporting component is an annular bracket, the inner wall of the annular bracket is in contact with the outer wall of the transmission rod, and the outer wall of the annular bracket is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective tube.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting component is fixed to the transmission rod by bolts or adhesive.

[0015] Preferably, the displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement meter, a wire displacement meter, a sliding resistance displacement meter, a grating displacement meter, a differential transformer displacement meter, or a vibrating wire displacement meter.

[0016] Preferably, when the displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement timer, its displacement-sensitive component is a sliding magnetic ring, and the connecting component is coupled to the sliding magnetic ring.

[0017] Preferably, when the displacement sensor is a wire-type displacement timer, its displacement-sensitive component is the wire end, and the connecting component is coupled to the wire end.

[0018] Preferably, the protective tube is provided with an expansion joint that allows for length expansion and contraction due to displacement changes.

[0019] Preferably, the sealing protection box is buried inside the dam body at the measuring point location, or fixed on the concrete base or steel support of the observation station, and the axis of the sealing protection box is arranged coaxially with the transmission rod.

[0020] Preferably, the wire rope is fixedly connected to the end of the transmission rod by a rope clamp or a connecting sleeve;

[0021] And / or, the suspension bracket is provided with a pulley shaft, and the guide pulley is sleeved on the pulley shaft and rotates around the pulley shaft.

[0022] The technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] This utility model relates to a multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transfer rod. A single transfer rod is used, with one end fixed to an anchor point inside the dam body. The transfer rod extends horizontally along the interior of the dam body, passing through all intermediate measuring points. The other end of the transfer rod extends to an observation station on the downstream side of the dam body, passing through a reference measuring point located within the observation station, and then connects to one end of a steel wire rope. The other end of the steel wire rope passes over a guide pulley on a suspension bracket and is suspended free of a counterweight that applies tension to the transfer rod. This system achieves its purpose by using a single transfer rod to connect all measuring points. The new structure requires only one set of wire rope-guide pulley-counterweight system to achieve tension control of the entire transmission rod, greatly simplifying the system structure and reducing the number of components by more than 60%. The protective pipe, support components, etc. are integrated with the transmission rod, eliminating the need for separate construction for each measuring point. This significantly reduces the amount of excavation work and the difficulty of installation, greatly improving construction efficiency. It avoids the problems of existing technologies that use multiple independent steel wires (one for each measuring point), requiring multiple sets of pulleys, tensioning devices, and measuring components. The system components are scattered and their number increases linearly with the number of measuring points, leading to complex drilling and wiring construction inside the dam body, complicated equipment layout in the observation station, and large space occupation.

[0024] The transmission rod of the system described in this utility model can extend infinitely along the length of the dam body. Intermediate measuring points only need to be set at intervals along the transmission rod (e.g., one every 30 meters). The number of measuring points is not limited by the transmission rod or protective pipe, and intermediate measuring points can be added arbitrarily according to project needs. With the modular design of sealed protective box + built-in displacement sensor, when adding a new measuring point, only the component needs to be installed at the corresponding position of the transmission rod. There is no need to modify the original system. It can meet the multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring needs of large earth-rock dams of kilometers or longer. It avoids the problem of existing technology being limited by the inner diameter of the protective pipe and the spacing of the steel wires. A single set of protective pipes can only accommodate a maximum of 7 steel wires. If more than 10 measuring points need to be monitored on the dam body, multiple sets of protective pipes and supporting systems must be added, which leads to a sharp increase in cost and poor data synchronization.

[0025] The transmission rod, protective pipe, and intermediate measuring points of the system described in this utility model can all be buried synchronously with the dam body filling. After setting up benchmark measuring points by constructing a high-strength temporary observation station at the same time, monitoring can be started from the dam body filling stage, thereby realizing continuous displacement monitoring throughout the entire life cycle of "construction period - water storage period - operation period", providing complete data support for dam body stability assessment. This solves the problem of existing technologies that rely on steel wires and observation stations laid after the dam body filling is completed, which cannot carry out monitoring during the layered filling stage of the dam body (the critical period of most active deformation), resulting in missing deformation data during the construction period.

[0026] Furthermore, in applications with shorter survey lines (e.g., 100m or less), fixed benchmark measuring points can be buried at the observation station. Even without a tensioning device, axial displacement can be transmitted and displacement monitoring can be achieved by relying on the rigidity of the transmission rod itself.

[0027] This utility model system ensures uniform force distribution on a single transmission rod. Combined with the support components and constant tensioning device within the protective tube, it effectively avoids additional errors caused by deflection or vibration. The benchmark measuring points and intermediate measuring points within the observation station have the same structure, which can offset common errors such as overall displacement and temperature drift of the transmission rod, thus improving measurement accuracy. It also avoids the measurement deviations caused by uneven tension and differences in linear expansion and contraction due to the independent force distribution of multiple steel wires of varying lengths in existing technologies.

[0028] The transmission rod can be made of corrosion-resistant materials such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, or Invar wire, which has a long service life; the single rod system only requires maintenance of one set of tension devices, which is simple and has low maintenance costs; each measuring point works independently, and the failure of a single measuring point does not affect other measuring points, which significantly improves the system's fault tolerance; the benchmark measuring point is located in the observation station building, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance.

[0029] The multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams disclosed in this utility model fundamentally solves the problems of limited measuring points, complex construction, low accuracy, and difficult maintenance caused by the existing technology of "multiple steel wires laid out in parallel" through the innovative structure of "single transfer rod connected in series with multiple measuring points". While ensuring the core function of horizontal displacement monitoring of earth-rock dams, it significantly improves the adaptability, economy and reliability of the system, and is especially suitable for earth-rock dam projects with large and ultra-long measuring lines.

[0030] Moreover, by refining the materials, structure, and connection methods of the core components, the practicality and adaptability of the system have been further improved: On the one hand, it is clear that the transmission rod is made of high-strength materials such as glass fiber and carbon fiber, and the ring bracket provides stable support for the transmission rod, which enhances the system's resistance to deformation and installation flexibility in complex dam environments, and solves the problems of easy bending, easy breakage, and difficult deployment of transmission steel wires in long-distance monitoring; the bolt / adhesive fixing method of the connecting components ensures the reliability of the component connection and effectively offsets the impact of temperature changes on the system structure.

[0031] Furthermore, the system addresses the adaptation details for different types of displacement sensors (such as the sliding magnetic ring connection of the magnetostrictive displacement meter and the pull-wire end connection of the pull-wire displacement meter), preserving the system's compatibility with various displacement sensors while ensuring measurement accuracy through standardized connection structures.

[0032] In terms of automatic measurement, all measuring points are simultaneously in standby measurement mode, and with the data acquisition equipment, measurement can be started and completed almost instantly. Compared to traditional tension wire horizontal displacement gauges, which require each measuring point to be loaded and measured individually during automatic measurement, resulting in slow measurement speed, this system can increase the measurement speed by tens of times, significantly improving acquisition efficiency and data synchronization. Details such as the coaxial arrangement of the sealed protection box and the transmission rod, and the optimized fixing method of the wire rope, further enhance the long-term operational stability of the system, significantly reducing maintenance costs and data deviations compared to existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the existing single-point tension wire horizontal displacement monitoring system based on steel wire (measuring line).

[0034] Figure 2 This is a layout diagram of a multi-point tension line horizontal displacement monitoring system based on steel wire (measuring line).

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transmission rod, according to this utility model.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an intermediate measuring point (or a benchmark measuring point).

[0037] Examples of the labels in the diagram are as follows:

[0038] 101—Anchor block; 102—Steel wire; 1021—Pointer; 103—Steel wire protective tube; 104—Pulley system; 105—Measuring bracket; 1051—Scale;

[0039] 1—Anchor point; 2—Transmission rod; 2-1—Connecting component; 3—Protective pipe; 4—Expansion joint; 5—Intermediate measuring point; 5R—Reference measuring point; 5-1—Sealed protection box; 5-2—Magnetostrictive displacement meter; 5-3—Sliding magnetic ring; 6—Wire rope; 7—Suspension bracket; 8—Guide pulley; 9—Counterweight; 10—Data acquisition device; 11—Signal cable; 12—Observation station building. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] This utility model relates to a multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transmission rod, such as... Figure 3 The structure shown includes an anchor point 1, a transfer rod 2, a protective pipe 3, multiple intermediate measuring points 5, a reference measuring point 5R, a steel wire rope 6, a suspension bracket 7, a guide pulley 8, a counterweight 9, a data acquisition device 10, and a signal cable 11. The anchor point 1 is located inside the dam body. One end of the transfer rod 2 is fixed to the anchor point 1 inside the dam body. The transfer rod 2 extends horizontally along the interior of the dam body and passes through all the intermediate measuring points 5. The other end of the transfer rod 2 extends to the observation station 12 on the downstream side of the dam body, passes through the reference measuring point 5R located in the observation station 12, and then connects to a section of steel wire rope 6. The steel wire rope 6 passes around the guide pulley 8 on the suspension bracket 7 and then... A counterweight 9 is suspended at the end to apply constant tension to the transmission rod 2, ensuring it remains taut at all times. A protective tube 3 is fitted around the outside of the transmission rod 2, located inside the dam body, to protect it from external environmental influences. Multiple support components are installed along the length of the protective tube 3 to keep the transmission rod 2 centered within the tube and reduce friction. Multiple intermediate measuring points 5 are set inside the dam body along the transmission rod 2. Reference measuring points 5R are set within the observation station 12 corresponding to the extension path of the transmission rod 2. Each intermediate measuring point 5 and reference measuring point 5R includes a sealed protective box 5-1 and a built-in displacement sensor, such as... Figure 4As shown; the transmission rod 2 passes through each sealed protection box 5-1 and is suspended inside the box. The body of the displacement sensor is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed protection box 5-1 and is integrated with the sealed protection box 5-1. A connecting component 2-1 is fixed on the transmission rod 2 at the position corresponding to each sealed protection box 5-1. The connecting component 2-1 can be fixed to the transmission rod 2 by bolts or adhesive. The connecting component 2-1 is located inside the sealed protection box 5-1 and is connected to the displacement sensitive component (such as magnetic ring, slider, pull wire end, etc.) of the displacement sensor. When the soil at the measuring point undergoes horizontal displacement, it causes the sealed protection box 5-1 to change displacement relative to the transmission rod 2. The transmission rod 2, due to its tension, maintains the overall displacement trend with the anchor point 1. The relative movement of the two drives the connecting component to move the displacement sensitive component of the displacement sensor, outputting a displacement electrical signal. The displacement change of the anchor point 1 relative to the observation station is measured by the displacement sensor located in the reference measuring point 5R inside the observation station. Each displacement sensor is connected to the data acquisition device 10 via a signal cable 11. The displacement signal is transmitted to the data acquisition device 10 via the signal cable 11, thereby realizing automatic data acquisition and remote transmission.

[0042] The multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for this earth-rock dam adopts a structure of "a single transmission rod running through all measuring points." All measuring points mentioned here include the benchmark measuring point 5R and multiple intermediate measuring points 5. A single steel wire rope-guide pulley-counterweight system is sufficient to achieve tension control at all measuring points. That is, one end of the transmission rod 2 is anchored to anchor point 1 inside the dam body, extends horizontally along the protective pipe 3, runs through multiple intermediate measuring points 5, and finally enters the observation station 12 via the benchmark measuring point 5R. Inside the observation station 12, the transmission rod 2 is connected to the counterweight 9 via steel wire rope 6 and guide pulley 8 to achieve constant tension. The displacement signals from each measuring point are transmitted to the data acquisition device 10 via signal cable 11. The data acquisition device 10 collects the raw displacement data of each measuring point in real time, and uses the measured value S0 of the benchmark measuring point 5R as a reference to calculate the actual horizontal displacement of any intermediate measuring point: ΔS. n =S n - S0.

[0043] Where the subscript n is the sequence number of the intermediate measurement point (e.g., 1, 2, 3...), S n S0 is the displacement sensor measurement value of the nth intermediate measuring point 5, and S0 is the displacement sensor measurement value of the reference measuring point 5R.

[0044] Furthermore, the transfer rod 2 can be a fiberglass rod, carbon fiber rod, Invar wire, or other composite material rod, and can be a single rod or composed of multiple rod segments connected together. Multiple supporting components for the transfer rod 2, arranged along the length of the protective tube 3, can be annular supports. The inner wall of the annular support contacts the outer wall of the transfer rod 2, and the outer wall of the annular support is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective tube 3. The protective tube 3 can be equipped with expansion joints 4 to accommodate the expansion and contraction of the protective tube due to displacement changes, thus adapting to the tensile and compressive deformation of the soil in the axial direction of the transfer rod 2. The wire rope 6 is fixedly connected to the end of the transfer rod 2 via rope clamps or connecting sleeves. The suspension bracket 7 can be equipped with a pulley shaft, and a guide pulley 8 is sleeved on this pulley shaft and can rotate around the pulley shaft. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the sealed protection box 5-1 is embedded inside the dam body at the measuring point location or fixed to the concrete base or support of the observation station 12, and the axis of the sealed protection box 5-1 is coaxially arranged with the transmission rod 2. Through details such as coaxial arrangement and optimized wire rope fixing method, installation errors are further reduced and the long-term reliability of the system is improved.

[0045] Preferably, the displacement sensor can be a magnetostrictive displacement meter, a wire displacement meter, a sliding resistance displacement meter, a grating displacement meter, a differential transformer (LVDT) displacement meter, or a vibrating wire displacement meter, etc. For example, when the displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement meter, its displacement-sensitive component is a sliding magnetic ring, and the connecting component is coupled to the sliding magnetic ring; when the displacement sensor is a wire displacement meter, its displacement-sensitive component is a wire end, and the connecting component is coupled to the wire end.

[0046] In practical applications, the deployment and measurement of this system are carried out as follows:

[0047] The first step is to deploy the system. During the dam construction process, anchor points, protective pipes, intermediate measuring points, and transfer rods are installed according to the design elevation and location. Concrete anchor piers are set at predetermined elevations on the cross-section of the earth-rock dam as anchor points 1. One end of a continuous fiberglass rod (transfer rod 2) is firmly anchored to anchor point 1, with the rod extending horizontally along the interior of the dam. The transfer rod 2 is fitted with a PVC or metal protective pipe 3. Nylon support rings (or ring supports) are installed at regular intervals (e.g., 2-5 meters) inside the protective pipe 3 to ensure the transfer rod is centered and to prevent friction between the transfer rod and the protective pipe wall.

[0048] Along the transmission rod, multiple intermediate measuring points 5 and one reference measuring point 5R are set according to monitoring requirements. Each intermediate measuring point 5 consists of a sealed protective box 5-1 and a built-in magnetostrictive displacement meter (or magnetostrictive displacement sensor) 5-2, see... Figure 4The transmission rod 2 passes through the sealed protective box 5-1 and is suspended inside. A connecting component 2-1 is fixed to the transmission rod 2 at each position corresponding to the sealed protective box 5-1. This connecting component 2-1 is connected to the sliding magnetic ring 5-3 of the magnetostrictive displacement gauge 5-2. Except for the reference measuring point 5R, all intermediate measuring points 5 are protected by being encased in concrete.

[0049] The end of the transmission rod 2 extends into the observation station 12 and connects to a section of stainless steel wire rope 6. After the wire rope 6 passes over the guide pulley 8, a 10-50 kg counterweight 9 is vertically suspended along the length of the transmission rod to apply constant tension, thus achieving constant force tension on the transmission rod 2. At the same time, the displacement sensors of each intermediate measuring point 5 and the reference measuring point 5R are connected to the data acquisition device (such as a data acquisition instrument) 10 via signal cables 11 to achieve automated data acquisition.

[0050] During monitoring, if the dam body at anchor point 1 experiences displacement, the entire transmission rod 2 will move accordingly. This displacement is detected by the reference measuring point 5R at the end and recorded as the reference value S0. If the soil at a certain intermediate measuring point 5 experiences relative displacement, it will cause the sealed protective box 5-1 of that intermediate measuring point 5 to move, creating relative motion with the transmission rod 2 that moves along with the anchor point 1. This motion drives the connecting components to cause the displacement sensor to output the measured value S. n S n The difference between S0 and S0 is the true horizontal displacement ΔS of the intermediate measuring point. n (ΔS) n =S n - S0).

[0051] This utility model discloses a multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transfer rod. The system is highly integrated: only one transfer rod is needed to monitor multiple points, significantly simplifying the system structure and reducing material usage and space occupation; the number of monitoring points is flexible: the number of monitoring points is not limited by the transfer rod or protective pipe, and intermediate monitoring points can be added arbitrarily according to project needs; it supports monitoring during construction: all components can be simultaneously embedded during dam filling, achieving continuous monitoring from the construction phase to the operation phase; it has high measurement accuracy: using rods with small tensile deformation and high-precision displacement sensors reduces friction effects and improves data reliability; maintenance is convenient: each monitoring point works independently, and a failure of one monitoring point does not affect other monitoring points; the reference monitoring point is located inside the observation station, facilitating replacement and maintenance; it has strong adaptability: the transfer rod is made of high-strength composite material with good tensile strength, is not easily broken, and is suitable for complex construction environments. Compared to thinner diameter steel wires (e.g., Φ2mm), using a thicker transfer rod with a lower long-term counterweight results in negligible creep, leading to more accurate displacement transmission.

[0052] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention. In short, all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention patent.

Claims

1. A single transfer rod based earth and rockfill dam multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes anchor points, a transfer rod, a protective pipe, multiple intermediate measuring points, a reference measuring point, a wire rope, a guide pulley, a counterweight, a suspension bracket, a data acquisition device, and a signal cable. The anchor points are located inside the dam body. One end of the transfer rod is fixed to the anchor point. The transfer rod extends horizontally along the interior of the dam body, passing through all the intermediate measuring points. The other end of the transfer rod extends to the observation station on the downstream side of the dam body, passes through the reference measuring point located in the observation station, and connects to one end of the wire rope. The other end of the wire rope passes over the guide pulley on the suspension bracket and is suspended free of the counterweight, which applies tension to the transfer rod. The transfer rod is located inside the dam body. The protective tube is sleeved on the side, and multiple supporting components for supporting the transmission rod are arranged along the length of the protective tube. The intermediate measuring points are spaced apart inside the dam body along the transmission rod, and the reference measuring points are arranged corresponding to the extension path of the transmission rod. Both the intermediate measuring points and the reference measuring points include a sealed protective box and a built-in displacement sensor. The transmission rod passes through each sealed protective box and is suspended inside the box. A connecting component is fixed on the transmission rod at the position corresponding to each sealed protective box. The connecting component is located inside the sealed protective box and is connected to the displacement sensitive component of the displacement sensor. Each displacement sensor is connected to the data acquisition device through a signal cable.

2. The single transfer rod based earth and rockfill dam multi-gauge horizontal displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission rod is a glass fiber rod, carbon fiber rod, Invar wire or composite material rod, and is a single rod or composed of multiple rod segments connected together.

3. The single transfer lever based earth and rockfill dam multi-gauge horizontal displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The supporting component is a ring bracket, the inner wall of which contacts the outer wall of the transmission rod, and the outer wall of the ring bracket is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective tube.

4. The single lever based earth and rockfill dam multi-gauge horizontal displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The connecting component is fixed to the transmission rod by bolts or adhesive.

5. The multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transmission rod according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement meter, a wire displacement meter, a sliding resistance displacement meter, a grating displacement meter, a differential transformer displacement meter, or a vibrating wire displacement meter.

6. The single transfer rod based earth and rockfill dam multi-gauge horizontal displacement monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein, When the displacement sensor is a magnetostrictive displacement timer, its displacement-sensitive component is a sliding magnetic ring, and the connecting component is coupled to the sliding magnetic ring.

7. The multi-point horizontal displacement monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on a single transmission rod according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the displacement sensor is a wire-type displacement timer, its displacement-sensitive component is the wire end, and the connecting component is coupled to the wire end.

8. The single lever based earth and rockfill dam multi-gauge horizontal displacement monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The protective pipe is equipped with an expansion joint that allows for length expansion and contraction due to displacement changes.

9. The single lever based earth and rockfill dam multi-gauge horizontal displacement monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The sealed protective box is buried inside the dam body at the measuring point location, or fixed on the concrete base or steel support of the observation station, and the axis of the sealed protective box is arranged coaxially with the transmission rod.

10. The single lever based earth and rockfill dam multi-gauge horizontal displacement monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The wire rope is fixedly connected to the end of the transmission rod by a rope clamp or a connecting sleeve. And / or, the suspension bracket is provided with a pulley shaft, and the guide pulley is sleeved on the pulley shaft and rotates around the pulley shaft.

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