A displacement monitoring device for acoustic logging pipes

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of displacement monitoring for sonic logging pipes. Specifically, it relates to a displacement monitoring device for sonic logging pipes, comprising: a positioning component, which includes a sealing unit, a first positioning unit, and a second positioning unit; one end of the sealing unit is connected to the first positioning unit along the axial direction; the end of the first positioning unit away from the sealing unit is connected to the second positioning unit; and an optical fiber component, wherein the sealing unit, the first positioning unit, and the second positioning unit are respectively connected to the optical fiber component. This solves the problem that the displacement deformation of existing anti-slide piles is difficult to monitor manually.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of displacement monitoring for acoustic logging pipes, and specifically relates to a displacement monitoring device for acoustic logging pipes. Background Technology

[0002] Anti-slide piles are large retaining structures that penetrate deep into the ground to resist landslides. Their strong bending resistance "pins" the unstable mountainside, preventing landslides. The sonic logging tube for anti-slide piles is a metal tube pre-tied inside a reinforcing cage before the concrete is poured and lowered into the pile hole along with the cage. Its main function is to serve as a detection channel, used after the concrete has hardened to non-destructively test the integrity, uniformity, and quality of the pile body using sonic logging. When anti-slide piles are subjected to significant impact forces from the mountainside, they may experience displacement deformation. When this displacement deformation reaches a certain amount, an accident is highly likely. Under normal circumstances, the displacement deformation of anti-slide piles is difficult to monitor, mostly relying on manual periodic or irregular inspections to monitor their stability. However, manual monitoring often fails to detect displacement deformation. Therefore, this invention provides a displacement monitoring device for sonic logging tubes. By installing this device inside an unused sonic logging tube, real-time monitoring of the displacement deformation of the anti-slide pile can be achieved. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problem that the displacement deformation of existing anti-slide piles is difficult to monitor manually, this utility model provides a displacement monitoring device for sonic logging pipes, comprising:

[0004] A positioning assembly, comprising a sealing unit, a first positioning unit, and a second positioning unit; the sealing unit is connected to one end of the first positioning unit along the axial direction; the end of the first positioning unit away from the sealing unit is connected to the second positioning unit.

[0005] The optical fiber assembly, the sealing unit, the first positioning unit, and the second positioning unit are respectively connected to the optical fiber assembly.

[0006] In some embodiments, the sealing unit includes a sealing plug, an air nozzle, an air supply channel, and a plurality of first wire holes; the air supply channel extends from one end face of the sealing plug in a straight line to the other end face of the sealing plug; the outer peripheral surface of the air nozzle is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral surface of the sealing plug; the first wire holes extend from one end face of the sealing plug to the other end face of the sealing plug along the axial direction of the air supply channel; the end of the air supply channel away from the air nozzle is connected to the first positioning unit; the optical fiber assembly passes through the first wire holes along the axial direction of the air supply channel.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first positioning unit includes a first air supply pipe, a first airbag, a first air outlet, a first positioning plate, and a second wire hole; one end of the first air supply pipe along its axial direction has its outer peripheral surface connected to the inner peripheral surface of the sealing plug away from the air nozzle; the first air supply pipe communicates with the air supply channel; the first positioning plate is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first air supply pipe away from the sealing plug; the second wire hole extends from one end face of the first positioning plate to the other end face along the axial direction of the first air supply pipe; the optical fiber assembly passes through the second wire hole along the axial direction of the first air supply pipe; the second wire hole and the first wire hole are connected in a one-to-one correspondence and have the same central axis; the inner peripheral surface of the first airbag is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first air supply pipe; the first airbag is located between the sealing plug and the first positioning plate; the first airbag abuts against the optical fiber assembly; the first air outlet extends through the wall of the first air supply pipe along its radial direction; the internal cavity of the first airbag communicates with the first air supply pipe through the first air outlet; the end of the first air supply pipe away from the sealing plug communicates with the second positioning unit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the second positioning unit includes a second air supply pipe, a second airbag, a second air outlet, a second positioning plate, a plurality of third wire holes, and an air plug; one end of the second air supply pipe along the axial direction is detachably fixedly connected to the end of the first air supply pipe away from the sealing plug; the second air supply pipe communicates with the first air supply pipe; the second positioning plate is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the end of the second air supply pipe away from the first air supply pipe; the third wire holes extend from one end face of the second positioning plate to the other end face along the axial direction of the second air supply pipe; the third wire holes are connected to the second wire holes in a one-to-one correspondence; the optical fiber assembly is connected to the third wire holes; the inner peripheral surface of the second airbag is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the second air supply pipe; the second airbag is located between the first air supply pipe and the second positioning plate; the second airbag is connected to the optical fiber assembly; the second air outlet extends through the second air supply pipe along the radial direction and extends into the internal cavity of the second airbag; the air plug is connected to the end of the second air supply pipe away from the first air supply pipe.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first wire hole is uniformly disposed on the sealing plug along the circumference of the gas supply channel; the second wire hole is uniformly disposed on the first positioning plate along the circumference of the first gas supply pipe; and the third wire hole is uniformly disposed on the second positioning plate along the circumference of the second gas supply pipe.

[0010] In some embodiments, the sealing plug gradually decreases in diameter along its axial direction from one end near the air nozzle to the end away from the air nozzle.

[0011] In some embodiments, the optical fiber assembly includes an optical fiber body and a spacer buckle; the spacer buckle is connected to one end of the optical fiber body along the axial direction; the spacer buckle abuts against the second positioning plate through the third wire hole; the first wire hole and the second wire hole are respectively connected to the optical fiber body.

[0012] In some embodiments, multiple second gas supply pipes may be connected along an axial direction; one end of one second gas supply pipe may be connected to the first gas supply pipe, and the other end may be connected to one end of another second gas supply pipe; the farthest end of the second gas supply pipe away from the first gas supply pipe is connected to the gas plug.

[0013] To address the problem that the displacement deformation of existing anti-slide piles is difficult to monitor manually, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0014] By setting up a first positioning unit and a second positioning unit, with the first positioning unit including a first airbag and the second positioning unit including a second airbag, when air is supplied through the air nozzle, air can be delivered to the first and second airbags, causing them to expand and press the optical fiber body against the inner wall of the acoustic tube. When the anti-slide pile is subjected to a large force and undergoes displacement deformation, the acoustic tube will also undergo displacement deformation, which in turn causes the optical fiber body to also undergo displacement deformation. By monitoring the signal changes of the optical fiber body in real time, the stability state of the anti-slide pile can be monitored in real time, thereby solving the problem that it is difficult to detect the displacement deformation of the anti-slide pile when manually monitoring its stability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a displacement monitoring device for a sonic logging pipe located inside the sonic logging pipe.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a displacement monitoring device for acoustic logging pipes.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Partial diagram of the explosion;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first positioning unit;

[0022] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0023] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a portion of point D.

[0024] In the diagram: 100-Positioning component; 110-Sealing unit; 111-Sealing plug; 112-Air nozzle; 113-Air supply channel; 114-First wire hole; 120-First positioning unit; 121-First air supply pipe; 122-First airbag; 123-First air outlet; 124-First positioning plate; 125-Second wire hole; 130-Second positioning unit; 131-Second air supply pipe; 132-Second airbag; 133-Second air outlet; 134-Second positioning plate; 135-Third wire hole; 136-Air plug; 200-Fiber optic assembly; 210-Fiber optic body; 220-Block buckle; 230-Sonic logging pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, and are not intended to imply any limitation on the scope of the disclosure.

[0026] As used herein, the term "comprising" and its variations are to be interpreted as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "at least partially based on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment". The term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment". The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements, or components to having a specific orientation or being constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides orientations or positional relationships; for example, the term "upper" may in some cases indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. In addition, the terms "installed", "set up", "equipped with", "connected", and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are mainly used to distinguish different devices, elements, or components (the specific types and structures may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, elements, or components. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0027] This embodiment discloses a displacement monitoring device for acoustic logging pipes, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, it may include:

[0028] The positioning component 100 includes a sealing unit 110, a first positioning unit 120, and a second positioning unit 130; the sealing unit 110 is connected to one end of the first positioning unit 120 along the axial direction; the end of the first positioning unit 120 away from the sealing unit 110 is connected to the second positioning unit 130.

[0029] The optical fiber assembly 200 is connected to the sealing unit 110, the first positioning unit 120, and the second positioning unit 130, respectively.

[0030] In this embodiment, the sealing unit 110 can close the open end of the acoustic logging tube 230, while the first positioning unit 120 and the second positioning unit 130 can extend into the acoustic logging tube 230 to position the optical fiber assembly 200, so that the optical fiber assembly 200 can abut against the inner wall of the acoustic logging tube 230. In this state, the optical fiber can deform with the deformation of the acoustic logging tube 230. In this embodiment, the optical fiber assembly 200 is connected to an external demodulation device (not shown in the figure). The demodulation device can determine the shape change of the optical fiber assembly 200 by analyzing the signal transmitted by the optical fiber assembly 200, and then infer whether the acoustic logging tube 230 and the anti-slide pile have undergone displacement deformation. In this embodiment, when the anti-slide pile is deformed by the landslide thrust, it will drive the acoustic logging tube 230 close to it to bend together. The optical fiber assembly 200 abutting against the inner wall of the acoustic logging tube 230 will also be stretched or compressed, causing the characteristics of its transmitted optical signal (such as the frequency and intensity of backscattered light) to change. By analyzing these changes using demodulation equipment, the displacement (deflection) curves of the sonic logging tube 230 (i.e., the anti-slide pile) at different depths can be calculated. In this embodiment, the demodulation equipment is an application of existing conventional technical means.

[0031] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the sealing unit 110 includes a sealing plug 111, an air nozzle 112, an air supply channel 113, and a plurality of first wire holes 114; the air supply channel 113 extends from one end face of the sealing plug 111 in a straight line to the other end face of the sealing plug 111; the outer peripheral surface of the air nozzle 112 is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral surface of the sealing plug 111; the first wire holes 114 extend from one end face of the sealing plug 111 to the other end face of the sealing plug 111 along the axial direction of the air supply channel 113; the end of the air supply channel 113 away from the air nozzle 112 is connected to the first positioning unit 120; the optical fiber assembly 200 passes through the first wire holes 114 along the axial direction of the air supply channel 113.

[0032] In this embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the sealing plug 111 is in contact with the inner wall of the acoustic tube 230. The first positioning unit 120 and the second positioning unit 130 can be charged and depressurized through the air nozzle 112. Thus, after the first positioning unit 120 and the second positioning unit 130 are depressurized, the entire first positioning unit 120 and the second positioning unit 130 can be removed from the acoustic tube 230.

[0033] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the first positioning unit 120 includes a first air supply pipe 121, a first airbag 122, a first air outlet 123, a first positioning plate 124, and a second wire hole 125; one end of the first air supply pipe 121 along its axial direction has an outer peripheral surface connected to the inner peripheral surface of the sealing plug 111 away from the air nozzle 112; the first air supply pipe 121 communicates with the air supply channel 113; the first positioning plate 124 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first air supply pipe 121 away from the sealing plug 111; the second wire hole 125 extends from one end face of the first positioning plate 124 to the other end face along the axial direction of the first air supply pipe 121; the optical fiber assembly 200 is connected to the first air supply pipe 121 along its axial direction. Two wire holes 125 are connected; the second wire hole 125 and the first wire hole 114 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence and have the same central axis; the inner peripheral surface of the first airbag 122 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the first air supply pipe 121; the first airbag 122 is located between the sealing plug 111 and the first positioning plate 124; the first airbag 122 abuts against the optical fiber assembly 200; the first air outlet 123 penetrates the wall of the first air supply pipe 121 along the radial direction of the first air supply pipe 121; the internal cavity of the first airbag 122 is connected to the first air supply pipe 121 through the first air outlet 123; the end of the first air supply pipe 121 away from the sealing plug 111 is connected to the second positioning unit 130;

[0034] The second positioning unit 130 includes a second air supply pipe 131 (not shown in the figure), a second airbag 132, a second air outlet 133 (not shown in the figure), a second positioning plate 134, a plurality of third wire holes 135, and an air plug 136; one end of the second air supply pipe 131 along the axial direction is detachably and fixedly connected to the end of the first air supply pipe 121 away from the sealing plug 111; the second air supply pipe 131 communicates with the first air supply pipe 121; the second positioning plate 134 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the end of the second air supply pipe 131 away from the first air supply pipe 121; the third wire holes 135 extend from one end face of the second positioning plate 134 along the axial direction of the second air supply pipe 131. The second airbag extends to the other end face; the third wire hole 135 and the second wire hole 125 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence; the optical fiber assembly 200 is connected to the third wire hole 135; the inner peripheral surface of the second airbag 132 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the second air supply pipe 131; the second airbag 132 is located between the first air supply pipe 121 and the second positioning plate 134; the second airbag 132 is connected to the optical fiber assembly 200; the second air outlet 133 passes through the second air supply pipe 131 along the radial direction of the second air supply pipe 131 and extends to the internal cavity of the second airbag 132; the air plug 136 is connected to the end of the second air supply pipe 131 away from the first air supply pipe 121.

[0035] In this embodiment, the first airbag 122 and the second airbag 132 can be inflated and deflated through the air nozzle 112. When the first airbag 122 and the second airbag 132 are inflated, their volumes expand, thereby allowing the first airbag 122 and the second airbag 132 to abut the optical fiber assembly 200 against the inner wall of the acoustic tube 230.

[0036] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 As shown, the first wire hole 114 is uniformly disposed on the sealing plug 111 along the circumference of the gas supply channel 113; the second wire hole 125 is uniformly disposed on the first positioning plate 124 along the circumference of the first gas supply pipe 121; and the third wire hole 135 is uniformly disposed on the second positioning plate 134 along the circumference of the second gas supply pipe 131.

[0037] In this embodiment, the number of the first wire hole 114, the second wire hole 125, and the third wire hole 135 can be set according to the diameter of the sonic logging tube 230, so that a certain number of optical fiber assemblies 200 can be abutted against the inner wall of the sonic logging tube 230, thereby enabling the optical fiber assemblies 200 to monitor the sonic logging tube 230 and the anti-slide pile more accurately.

[0038] In some embodiments of this utility model, the sealing plug 111 gradually decreases in size along its axial direction from one end near the air nozzle 112 to the end away from the air nozzle 112.

[0039] In this embodiment, the sealing plug 111 can be made of rubber, wood, or plastic with a certain hardness, and preferably has a certain elasticity so that it can seal the opening end of the acoustic tube 230, thereby preventing rainwater from entering the acoustic tube 230 and damaging the first positioning unit 120 and the second positioning unit 130 inside the acoustic tube 230. Moreover, by setting the sealing plug 111 to be similar to a cone shape, it is possible to seal acoustic tubes 230 of different sizes.

[0040] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the optical fiber assembly 200 includes an optical fiber body 210 and a spacer buckle 220; the spacer buckle 220 is connected to one end of the optical fiber body 210 along the axial direction; the spacer buckle 220 abuts against the second positioning plate 134 through the third wire hole 135; the first wire hole 114 and the second wire hole 125 are respectively connected to the optical fiber body 210.

[0041] In this embodiment, the optical fiber body 210 is connected to an external adjustment device. When the first airbag 122 and the second airbag 132 are inflated by air, the optical fiber body 210 can be brought into contact with the inner wall of the acoustic tube 230.

[0042] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, multiple second gas supply pipes 131 can be connected along the axial direction; one end of one second gas supply pipe 131 can be connected to the first gas supply pipe 121, and the other end can be connected to one end of another second gas supply pipe 131; the farthest end of the second gas supply pipe 131 away from the first gas supply pipe 121 is connected to the air plug 136.

[0043] In this embodiment, a corresponding second positioning unit 130 can be set according to the length of the acoustic tube 230, so that the length of the device can be adjusted to accommodate acoustic tubes 230 of different lengths.

[0044] In the above, the connection between the first gas supply pipe 121 and the sealing plug 111 and the connection between the first gas supply pipe 121 and the second gas supply pipe 131 can be a threaded connection, and the connection is in a sealed state; and the connection between the gas plug 136 and the second gas supply pipe 131 or the second gas supply pipe 131 can also be a threaded connection, and the connection is in a sealed state.

[0045] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0046] The first positioning unit 120 and the second positioning unit 130 are extended into the acoustic logging tube 230, and the outer peripheral surface of the sealing plug 111 is made to fit against the inner wall of the acoustic logging tube 230. Then, air is supplied to the first positioning unit 120 and the second positioning unit 130 through the air nozzle 112, causing the first air bladder 122 in the first positioning unit 120 and the second air bladder 132 in the second positioning unit 130 to expand, and the optical fiber body 210 is pressed against the inner wall of the acoustic logging tube 230. The optical fiber body 210 is connected to an external adjustment device, and the displacement deformation of the acoustic logging tube 230 and the anti-slide pile is monitored by the signal changes transmitted by the optical fiber body 210.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this disclosure, and in practical applications, various changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A displacement monitoring device for acoustic logging pipes, characterized in that, include: A positioning assembly, comprising a sealing unit, a first positioning unit, and a second positioning unit; the sealing unit is connected to one end of the first positioning unit along the axial direction; the end of the first positioning unit away from the sealing unit is connected to the second positioning unit. The optical fiber assembly, the sealing unit, the first positioning unit, and the second positioning unit are respectively connected to the optical fiber assembly.

2. The displacement monitoring device for an acoustic logging pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing unit includes a sealing plug, an air nozzle, an air delivery channel, and multiple first wire holes; the air delivery channel extends from one end face of the sealing plug in a straight line to the other end face of the sealing plug; the outer peripheral surface of the air nozzle is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral surface of the sealing plug; the first wire holes extend from one end face of the sealing plug to the other end face of the sealing plug along the axial direction of the air delivery channel; the end of the air delivery channel away from the air nozzle is connected to the first positioning unit; the optical fiber assembly passes through the first wire holes along the axial direction of the air delivery channel.

3. The displacement monitoring device for an acoustic logging pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first positioning unit includes a first air supply pipe, a first airbag, a first air outlet, a first positioning plate, and a second wire hole. One outer circumferential surface of the first air supply pipe along its axial direction is connected to the inner circumferential surface of the sealing plug at the end away from the air nozzle. The first air supply pipe communicates with the air supply channel. The first positioning plate is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the first air supply pipe at the end away from the sealing plug. The second wire hole extends from one end face of the first positioning plate to the other end face along the axial direction of the first air supply pipe. The optical fiber assembly passes through the second wire hole along the axial direction of the first air supply pipe. The second wire hole and the first wire hole are connected in a one-to-one correspondence and share the same central axis. The inner circumferential surface of the first airbag is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the first air supply pipe. The first airbag is located between the sealing plug and the first positioning plate. The first airbag abuts against the optical fiber assembly. The first air outlet penetrates the wall of the first air supply pipe along its radial direction. The internal cavity of the first airbag communicates with the first air supply pipe through the first air outlet. The end of the first air supply pipe away from the sealing plug communicates with the second positioning unit.

4. A displacement monitoring device for an acoustic logging pipe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second positioning unit includes a second air supply pipe, a second airbag, a second air outlet, a second positioning plate, multiple third wire holes, and an air plug. One end of the second air supply pipe along its axial direction is detachably and fixedly connected to the end of the first air supply pipe away from the sealing plug. The second air supply pipe communicates with the first air supply pipe. The second positioning plate is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the end of the second air supply pipe away from the first air supply pipe. The third wire holes extend from one end face of the second positioning plate to the other end face along the axial direction of the second air supply pipe. The third wire holes are connected to the second wire holes in a one-to-one correspondence. The optical fiber assembly is connected to the third wire holes. The inner peripheral surface of the second airbag is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the second air supply pipe. The second airbag is located between the first air supply pipe and the second positioning plate. The second airbag is connected to the optical fiber assembly. The second air outlet extends through the second air supply pipe along its radial direction and extends into the internal cavity of the second airbag. The air plug is connected to the end of the second air supply pipe away from the first air supply pipe.

5. A displacement monitoring device for an acoustic logging pipe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first wire hole is evenly disposed on the sealing plug along the circumference of the gas supply channel; the second wire hole is evenly disposed on the first positioning plate along the circumference of the first gas supply pipe; the third wire hole is evenly disposed on the second positioning plate along the circumference of the second gas supply pipe.

6. A displacement monitoring device for an acoustic logging pipe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sealing plug gradually decreases in size along its axial direction from the end closest to the air nozzle to the end furthest from the air nozzle.

7. A displacement monitoring device for an acoustic logging pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optical fiber assembly includes an optical fiber body and a spacer buckle; the spacer buckle is connected to one end of the optical fiber body along the axial direction; the spacer buckle abuts against the second positioning plate through the third wire hole; the first wire hole and the second wire hole are respectively connected to the optical fiber body.

8. A displacement monitoring device for an acoustic logging pipe according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple second gas supply pipes can be connected along the axial direction; one end of one second gas supply pipe can be connected to the first gas supply pipe, and the other end can be connected to one end of another second gas supply pipe; the farthest end of the second gas supply pipe away from the first gas supply pipe is connected to the gas plug.

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