A ring laser goniometer system

Abstract

This utility model discloses a ring laser goniometer system, relating to the field of motion angle measurement, comprising: a ring laser sensor, a power adapter, a secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit, and an angle measuring computer; the ring laser sensor is used to obtain the movement of gyroscope interference fringes through right-turn and left-turn optical paths and output the carrier rotation angle data; the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit is used to convert +15V DC power into ±15V DC power and +5V DC power required by the ring laser sensor, and to acquire data from the ring laser sensor; the angle measuring computer is used to display the data from the ring laser sensor. This utility model can significantly improve the system resolution, effectively suppress gyroscope zero-bias drift, achieve high-precision dynamic angle measurement, and has good anti-interference ability and environmental adaptability, combining high precision, high reliability, and practical cost-effectiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of motion angle measurement, specifically to a ring laser goniometer system. Background Technology

[0002] Angle measurement technology has important and wide applications in the field of motion testing, such as inertial navigation testing devices, astronomical observation equipment, motion simulation equipment, and photoelectric tracking equipment; in the field of intelligent manufacturing, such as CNC machine tools, coordinate measuring machines, and exploration and surveying; and in application fields, such as north-finding instruments, inclinometers, and theodolites.

[0003] Angle measurement methods include mechanical, electromagnetic, and optical methods. Mechanical methods are based on multi-tooth indexing tables and cannot perform real-time dynamic measurements; electromagnetic methods are based on circular induction synchronizers and require high assembly precision; optical methods include optical indexing head methods, multi-faceted prism methods, photoelectric encoder methods, optical internal reflection methods, self-collimation methods, laser interferometry, CCD dynamic angle measurement methods, circular grating methods, and ring laser methods. Among these, the ring laser method is based on the Sagnac effect of quantum mechanics, and its scale coefficients at different rotational speeds have very small relative differences, making it suitable for precise dynamic angle measurements.

[0004] However, the zero-bias drift of the ring laser goniometer during angle measurement affects the accuracy. For a current four-frequency differential laser gyroscope with a smoothed zero-bias stability of 0.005° / h over 100 seconds, the typical maximum zero-bias change is approximately 0.02° / h. This means that there may be a zero-bias change of 0.02° / h between two adjacent 100-second smoothing points, resulting in an angle measurement error of approximately 2 arcseconds over a 100-second measurement period. The low resolution of the ring laser goniometer is the main factor contributing to the large zero-bias drift.

[0005] No effective solutions have yet been proposed to address the problems in the relevant technologies. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the problems in the related technologies, this utility model proposes a ring laser goniometer system to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0007] Therefore, the specific technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A ring laser goniometer system includes: a ring laser sensor, a power adapter, a secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit, and a goniometer computer; the ring laser sensor is used to obtain the movement of gyro interference fringes through right-turn and left-turn optical paths and output the carrier rotation angle data; the power adapter is used to convert 220V AC mains power into +15V DC power; the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit is used to convert the +15V DC power into ±15V DC power and +5V DC power required by the ring laser sensor, and to acquire the data from the ring laser sensor; the goniometer computer is used to display the data from the ring laser sensor; the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit are respectively connected to one end of the ring laser sensor, the power adapter, and the goniometer computer, and the other end of the power adapter is connected to the 220V AC mains power.

[0009] Furthermore, to ensure the stability of the goniometer system, and to prevent damage or impact to internal components due to sudden current surges under the power provided by the communication interface USB1, and to effectively limit abnormal current with the help of the surface-mount fuse F1, while effectively suppressing ripple and power supply interference, ensuring the accuracy of measurement signals and the reliability of system operation, the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit includes: communication interface USB1, surface-mount fuse F1, toggle switch SW1, and capacitor C7; the first pin of the communication interface USB1 is connected to one end of capacitor C7 and one end of surface-mount fuse F1, the fifth pin of the communication interface USB1 is connected to the other end of capacitor C7, and the other end of surface-mount fuse F1 is connected to one end of toggle switch SW1.

[0010] Furthermore, to achieve high-precision angle measurement, the weak interference signal output from the ring laser sensor is amplified and filtered with low noise and high stability through the cooperation of the preamplifier circuit, analog-to-digital converter circuit, digital-to-analog converter circuit, and control chip U8, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The amplified analog signal is then digitized at high resolution and high sampling rate to ensure that subtle features of angle changes are accurately captured. A precise compensation voltage is output to achieve closed-loop adjustment of the light source or bias, enhancing system stability. This not only improves the system's dynamic response and anti-interference performance but also significantly reduces nonlinear errors and temperature drift, thus achieving high precision and high reliability. The reliability angle measurement, secondary power supply, and data acquisition circuit also include a preamplifier circuit, an analog-to-digital converter circuit, a digital-to-analog converter circuit, and a control chip U8. The preamplifier circuit amplifies the analog electrical signal, filters out noise interference, and outputs a noise-reduced analog electrical signal. The analog-to-digital converter circuit digitizes the noise-reduced analog electrical signal and outputs a digital signal. The digital-to-analog converter circuit is used for analog voltage output. The control chip U8 is used to realize data acquisition control. One end of the preamplifier circuit is connected to one end of the analog-to-digital converter circuit, the other end of the analog-to-digital converter circuit is connected to one end of the control chip U8, and the other end of the control chip U8 is connected to one end of the digital-to-analog converter circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy and stability of signal processing, the transimpedance amplifier OPA657 effectively amplifies the signal and filters out noise interference. This effectively weakens noise in the initial amplification stage, significantly improving the quality of the output signal and ensuring the data accuracy and stability required for subsequent signal processing and analysis. This lays a solid foundation for subsequent signal processing and effectively improves the detection accuracy and reliability of the entire system for weak scattered light signals. The preamplifier circuit includes resistor R3, capacitor C1, resistor R4, resistor R70, transimpedance amplifier OPA657, capacitor C5, capacitor C4, inductor L12, resistor R1, capacitor C2, and the positive power supply VCC. One end of resistor R3 is connected to one end of capacitor C1. The other end of R3 is connected to the other end of capacitor C1, one end of resistor R4, and one end of resistor R70. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to one end of inductor L12, one end of capacitor C4, one end of capacitor C5, and the sixth pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The other end of inductor L12 is connected to the positive power supply VCC. The other end of capacitor C4 is connected to the other end of capacitor C5. The other end of resistor R70 is connected to the fifth pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The fourth pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and one end of capacitor C2. The other ends of resistor R1 and capacitor C2 are both connected to the seventh pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The third pin of transimpedance amplifier is grounded.

[0012] Furthermore, to facilitate subsequent signal processing and ensure the accuracy and reliability of signal acquisition through the analog-to-digital converter U12, providing high-quality data support for the entire system, the analog-to-digital converter circuit includes operational amplifier U16.2, resistor R64, operational amplifier U16.1, resistor R65, resistor R66, operational amplifier U14, resistor R27, diode D3, diode D4, resistor R49, resistor R29, voltage input terminal VIN1, integrated circuit U15, voltage input terminal VIN2, and resistor R... 26. Analog-to-digital converter U12, capacitors C70, C68, C67, C63, C64, C66, C65, inductor L7, capacitor C71, resistor R63; the first and second pins of operational amplifier U16.2 are both connected to one end of resistor R64, the other end of resistor R64 is connected to one end of resistor R65 and the sixth pin of operational amplifier U16.1, and the seventh pin of operational amplifier U16.1 is connected to the other end of resistor R65 and one end of resistor R66. Operational amplifier U16...Pin 5 of IC U14 is connected to analog ground; the other end of resistor R66 is connected to pin 2 of operational amplifier U14, one end of resistor R27, and one end of diode D3. The other end of diode D3 is connected to pin 3 of operational amplifier U14, one end of diode D4, one end of resistor R49, and one end of resistor R29. The other end of diode D4 is connected to one end of diode D3. The other end of resistor R49 is connected to analog ground. The other end of resistor R29 is connected to one end of voltage input terminal VIN1. The other end of voltage input terminal VIN1 is connected to pin 3 of integrated circuit U15. Pins 1, 2, 4, and 5 of integrated circuit U15 are all connected to one end of voltage input terminal VIN2. Pin 6 of operational amplifier U14 is connected to the other end of resistor R27 and one end of resistor R26. The other end of resistor R26 is connected to pin 27 of analog-to-digital converter U12. Pin 26 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of capacitor C68 and one end of capacitor C67. The other end of capacitor C68 is connected to capacitor C... The other end of pin 67 is connected to pin 25 of analog-to-digital converter U12, which is connected to analog ground. Pin 24 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of capacitor C63, one end of capacitor C64, and one end of capacitor C65. Pin 22 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to the other end of capacitor C63, the other end of capacitor C64, and one end of capacitor C66. The other end of capacitor C65 is connected to analog ground. The other end of capacitor C66 is connected to analog ground. Pins 20, 19, and 18 of analog-to-digital converter U12 are also connected to analog ground. Pins 1, 17, and 16 are connected to analog ground. Pin 15 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of resistor R63. Pin 28 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of capacitor C70 and one end of inductor L7, with the other end of capacitor C70 grounded. The other end of inductor L7 is connected to one end of capacitor C71 and pin 2 of analog-to-digital converter U12, with the other end of capacitor C71 connected to analog ground. Pin 1 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to analog ground, and pin 14 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is grounded.

[0013] Furthermore, to achieve high-precision closed-loop control of the goniometer system, the digital-to-analog converter U10 converts the signal into a precise analog voltage to adjust the drive bias of the laser source. This effectively suppresses temperature drift, zero-point drift, and nonlinear errors, improving not only long-term stability and repeatability but also significantly enhancing the absolute accuracy and dynamic response of angle measurement. The digital-to-analog converter circuit includes the digital-to-analog converter U10, resistor R51, capacitor C53, resistor R50, capacitor C51, capacitor C52, and capacitor C54. Pin 18 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of resistor R51, and pin 17 of the digital-to-analog converter U10... One pin is connected to one end of capacitor C53, and the other end of capacitor C53 is connected to the other end of resistor R51. Pins 16 and 20 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 are connected to analog ground, and pin 26 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is grounded. Pin 28 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of resistor R50. Pin 19 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of capacitor C51. Pin 23 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of capacitor C52, and the other end of capacitor C52 is connected to analog ground. Pin 24 of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of capacitor C54, and the other end of capacitor C54 is connected to analog ground.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0015] 1. This utility model, through the coordinated setup of a ring laser sensor, power adapter, secondary power supply, data acquisition circuit, and angle measurement computer, can significantly improve the system resolution, effectively suppress gyroscope zero-bias drift, and enhance the accuracy and long-term stability of signal acquisition by employing low-noise preamplifier, high-precision analog-to-digital conversion, and closed-loop feedback control. Compared with traditional solutions, the improved resolution significantly reduces the impact of zero-bias drift on angle measurement accuracy, significantly reduces measurement errors, achieves high-precision dynamic angle measurement, possesses good anti-interference capabilities and environmental adaptability, and combines high precision, high reliability, and practical cost-effectiveness. It can be widely used in fields such as inertial navigation testing, precision manufacturing, and high-end optical measurement.

[0016] 2. Through the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit, the system can prevent damage or impact to internal components due to sudden current surges under the power provided by the communication interface USB1. With the help of the surface mount fuse F1, abnormal current is effectively limited, while ripple and power supply interference are effectively suppressed, ensuring the accuracy of measurement signals and the reliability of system operation.

[0017] 3. Through the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit, the weak interference signal output by the ring laser sensor can be amplified and filtered with low noise and high stability under the cooperation of the preamplifier circuit, analog-to-digital converter circuit, digital-to-analog converter circuit and control chip U8, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio; and the amplified analog signal is digitized with high resolution and high sampling rate to ensure that the subtle features of angle changes are accurately captured; the output precise compensation voltage realizes closed-loop adjustment of the light source or bias, enhances system stability, not only improves the dynamic response capability and anti-interference performance of the system, but also significantly reduces the influence of nonlinear error and temperature drift, thereby realizing high-precision and high-reliability angle measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit in a ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a preamplifier circuit in a ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an analog-to-digital conversion circuit in a ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a digital-to-analog conversion circuit in a ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control chip U8 in a ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the signal flow of the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit in a ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the output of a traditional ring laser goniometer using whole-pulse counting.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the output of a ring laser goniometer system in practical application according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the picture:

[0029] 1. Ring laser sensor; 2. Power adapter; 3. Secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit; 4. Angle measurement computer. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. These drawings are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are usually used to represent similar components.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a ring laser goniometer system is provided.

[0032] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, such as... Figures 1-9 As shown, the ring laser goniometer system according to an embodiment of this utility model includes: a ring laser sensor 1, a power adapter 2, a secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3, and a goniometer computer 4; the ring laser sensor 1 is used to obtain the movement of gyro interference fringes through the right-turn optical path and the left-turn optical path, and output the carrier rotation angle data; the power adapter 2 is used to convert 220V AC mains power into +15V DC power; the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3 is used to convert +15V DC power into ±15V DC power and +5V DC power required by the ring laser sensor 1, and to acquire the data of the ring laser sensor 1; the goniometer computer 4 is used to display the data of the ring laser sensor 1; the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3 is connected to one end of the ring laser sensor 1, the power adapter 2, and the goniometer computer 4 respectively, and the other end of the power adapter 2 is connected to the 220V AC mains power.

[0033] In addition, it should be noted that the above-mentioned secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3 is connected to the ring laser sensor 1 via a control cable, and the above-mentioned power adapter 2 is an ABT040150 type 15V power adapter. The above-mentioned secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3 is connected to the angle measuring computer 4 via USB cable 1 and USB cable 2. At the same time, the angle measuring computer 4 contains angle measuring software.

[0034] Furthermore, it should be noted that the aforementioned ring laser sensor 1 is equipped with two ring optical paths, namely the right-turn optical path (RCP) and the left-turn optical path (LCP). When the carrier moves, based on the Sagnac effect of quantum mechanics, the movement of the gyroscope interference fringes is obtained using RCP and LCP, thereby obtaining the carrier rotation angle data.

[0035] In one embodiment, the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3 includes: a communication interface USB1, a surface-mount fuse F1, a toggle switch SW1, and a capacitor C7. The first pin of the communication interface USB1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the surface-mount fuse F1, the fifth pin of the communication interface USB1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C7, and the other end of the surface-mount fuse F1 is connected to one end of the toggle switch SW1. Under the power provided by the communication interface USB1, it can prevent damage or impact to internal components of the system due to sudden current increases, and under the action of the surface-mount fuse F1, it can effectively limit abnormal current, while effectively suppressing ripple and power supply interference, ensuring the accuracy of measurement signals and the reliability of system operation.

[0036] Furthermore, it should be noted that power supply design is crucial to ensure the stability of the goniometer system. This invention uses a USB-based power supply with a rated output voltage of 5V and a rated current of 500mA. To prevent damage or impact to internal components due to sudden current surges, a self-resetting fuse, namely a surface-mount fuse F1, is designed and connected in series at the power output to effectively limit abnormal current. Moreover, given that this goniometer system is specifically designed for the precise detection of weak photoelectric signals, the system itself is highly susceptible to power fluctuations and external noise interference, making power supply stability particularly critical. Therefore, a mature and reliable linear voltage regulator circuit design, namely the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3, is adopted for power supply stabilization, effectively suppressing ripple and power interference, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement signal and the reliability of system operation.

[0037] In one embodiment, the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3 further includes a preamplifier circuit, an analog-to-digital converter circuit, a digital-to-analog converter circuit, and a control chip U8. The preamplifier circuit amplifies the analog electrical signal, filters out noise interference, and outputs a noise-reduced analog electrical signal. The analog-to-digital converter circuit digitizes the noise-reduced analog electrical signal and outputs a digital signal. The digital-to-analog converter circuit outputs an analog voltage. The control chip U8 is used to implement data acquisition control. One end of the preamplifier circuit is connected to one end of the analog-to-digital converter circuit, and the other end of the analog-to-digital converter circuit is connected to one end of the control chip U8. The other end is connected to one end of the digital-to-analog converter circuit; with the cooperation of the preamplifier circuit, analog-to-digital converter circuit, digital-to-analog converter circuit and control chip U8, it can amplify and filter the weak interference signal output by the ring laser sensor 1 with low noise and high stability, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio; and digitize the amplified analog signal with high resolution and high sampling rate to ensure that the subtle features of angle change are accurately captured; output precise compensation voltage to realize closed-loop adjustment of the light source or bias, enhance system stability, not only improve the dynamic response capability and anti-interference performance of the system, but also significantly reduce the influence of nonlinear error and temperature drift, thereby realizing high-precision and high-reliability angle measurement.

[0038] Furthermore, it should be noted that in specific applications, the aforementioned control chip U8 uses the STM32 chip as the core control unit, playing a crucial role in data transmission and information interaction. However, its I / O resource requirements for the STM32 are relatively low. For different series of STM32 chips, the STM32F series microcontrollers are mainly designed for the consumer electronics market, such as smartphone accessories and portable media players, emphasizing low power consumption. However, their computing performance is insufficient to meet the system processing power requirements of this invention. In contrast, the STM32F4 series microcontrollers offer more powerful performance, with a main frequency of up to 168MHz, equipped with a single-cycle DSP instruction set and hardware floating-point unit. However, this performance level significantly exceeds the actual needs of this invention, resulting in resource redundancy and cost waste. After comprehensive comparison, the STM32F1 series microcontroller, while maintaining low power consumption and operating voltage, offers moderate performance indicators and can efficiently meet the functional requirements of this system.

[0039] The performance parameters of the STM32F103C8 microcontroller are highly compatible with the design requirements of this invention. This chip offers abundant serial interface resources, sufficient for data communication and functional expansion. Furthermore, its relatively small pin count facilitates optimized PCB layout and simplified soldering processes, effectively reducing the complexity of system implementation. Simultaneously, the STM32F103C8 chip offers cost advantages, adhering to the principle of economical design, thus making it suitable as the control core of this invention.

[0040] In one embodiment, the preamplifier circuit includes resistor R3, capacitor C1, resistor R4, resistor R70, transimpedance amplifier OPA657, capacitor C5, capacitor C4, inductor L12, resistor R1, capacitor C2, and positive power supply VCC. One end of resistor R3 is connected to one end of capacitor C1, and the other end of resistor R3 is connected to the other end of capacitor C1, one end of resistor R4, and one end of resistor R70. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to one end of inductor L12, one end of capacitor C4, one end of capacitor C5, and the sixth pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The other end of inductor L12 is connected to the positive power supply VCC, and the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to the other end of capacitor C5. The other end of resistor R70 is connected to the fifth pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The fourth pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and one end of capacitor C2, respectively. The other ends of resistor R1 and capacitor C2 are both connected to the seventh pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The third pin of transimpedance amplifier is grounded. Under the action of transimpedance amplifier OPA657, the signal can be effectively amplified and noise interference can be filtered out. The influence of noise can be effectively weakened in the initial amplification stage, significantly improving the quality of the output signal. This ensures the data accuracy and stability required for subsequent signal processing and analysis, lays a good foundation for subsequent signal processing, and effectively improves the detection accuracy and reliability of the entire system for weak scattered light signals.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be noted that during system operation, the core function of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) is to perform preliminary photoelectric conversion of weak scattered light signals, transforming photons into corresponding photocurrents, and then further converting them into voltage signals to meet the input requirements of subsequent circuit signal processing. However, due to the inherent noise that inevitably exists in the PMT during operation, this noise can significantly affect the quality of the output signal. Therefore, to ensure the accuracy and stability of signal processing, a low-noise amplifier circuit must be designed after the voltage signal output to effectively amplify the signal and filter out noise interference. In the photoelectric signal detection system, the core task of the PMT is to convert weak scattered light into electrical signals. First, it converts the incident weak light into a photocurrent with a small amplitude, and then further converts it into a voltage signal suitable for subsequent processing. However, considering the inherent noise of the PMT itself during operation, if effective noise suppression measures are not taken, the quality of its output signal may be greatly reduced, thus seriously affecting the overall measurement accuracy of the system. Therefore, in the initial signal conversion and amplification stage, it is necessary to design an amplifier circuit with low-noise characteristics to effectively extract the effective signal and effectively filter out noise components. After detailed comparison and analysis of the performance of various amplifier circuits, it was found that the transimpedance amplifier has significant advantages such as low noise level, high amplification factor and wide frequency response range. It shows obvious application advantages in the field of high-precision photoelectric detection and is particularly suitable for the preliminary amplification and processing stage of weak light signals.

[0042] Therefore, a transimpedance amplifier was selected as the front-end signal amplification stage of the photoelectric detection system. This aims to effectively reduce noise in the initial amplification phase, significantly improve the quality of the output signal, and ensure the data accuracy and stability required for subsequent signal processing and analysis. This lays a solid foundation for subsequent signal processing and effectively improves the overall system's detection accuracy and reliability for weak scattered light signals.

[0043] For example, in practical applications, the OPA656 transimpedance amplifier manufactured by a certain company is selected. This chip has excellent high bandwidth characteristics, with a gain-bandwidth product of up to 500MHz. This high bandwidth performance can effectively improve the response speed and real-time performance of the signal acquisition system, enabling the system to exhibit better stability and signal integrity during high-frequency signal processing. Its low input bias current of approximately 2pA and low noise characteristics are particularly suitable for high-sensitivity signal detection applications. Especially in precision measurement scenarios such as photoelectric detection and weak signal acquisition, excessive input bias current can lead to a significant decrease in measurement accuracy. Therefore, the OPA656 effectively reduces the error introduced by the device itself, improving the overall system accuracy and reliability; it also has a fast slew rate characteristic, up to 290V / μs, which can quickly and accurately track and respond to dynamic changes in the input signal, effectively suppressing signal distortion or delay under dynamic conditions. This is especially important in test and measurement systems sensitive to transient signal characteristics. The output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier is:

[0044] V out =-R f ×I;

[0045] Among them, the feedback resistor R f The output voltage amplitude of the transimpedance amplifier circuit is determined by the input current I, which is provided by the PIN photodiode. Although appropriately increasing the feedback resistor R... f The resistance value can effectively improve the output voltage level, but in actual circuits, the amplification gain of the operational amplifier should not be excessively increased. This is because there is a mutually restrictive relationship between the bandwidth and gain of the operational amplifier; that is, as the gain increases, the response bandwidth of the circuit will decrease accordingly. Therefore, in specific designs, the relationship between the gain value corresponding to the selection of the feedback resistor and the bandwidth required for signal processing should be reasonably balanced according to the actual application requirements to achieve the optimal configuration of circuit performance.

[0046] In one embodiment, the analog-to-digital converter circuit described above includes operational amplifier U16.2, resistor R64, operational amplifier U16.1, resistor R65, resistor R66, operational amplifier U14, resistor R27, diode D3, diode D4, resistor R49, resistor R29, voltage input terminal VIN1, integrated circuit U15, voltage input terminal VIN2, resistor R26, analog-to-digital converter U12, capacitors C70, C68, C67, C63, C64, C66, C65, inductor L7, capacitor C71, and resistor R63. The first and second pins of operational amplifier U16.2 are both connected to one end of resistor R64. The other end of resistor R64 is connected to one end of resistor R65 and the sixth pin of operational amplifier U16.1. The seventh pin of operational amplifier U16.1 is connected to the other end of resistor R65 and one end of resistor R66.Pin 5 of the circuit 1 is connected to analog ground; the other end of resistor R66 is connected to pin 2 of operational amplifier U14, one end of resistor R27, and one end of diode D3. The other end of diode D3 is connected to pin 3 of operational amplifier U14, one end of diode D4, one end of resistor R49, and one end of resistor R29. The other end of diode D4 is connected to one end of diode D3. The other end of resistor R49 is connected to analog ground. The other end of resistor R29 is connected to one end of voltage input terminal VIN1. The other end of voltage input terminal VIN1 is connected to integrated circuit U14. The third pin of IC U15 is connected to the first, second, fourth, and fifth pins, which are all connected to one end of the voltage input terminal VIN2. The sixth pin of operational amplifier U14 is connected to the other end of resistor R27 and one end of resistor R26. The other end of resistor R26 is connected to the twenty-seventh pin of analog-to-digital converter U12. The twenty-sixth pin of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of capacitor C68 and one end of capacitor C67. The other end of capacitor C68 is connected to the other end of capacitor C67. The twenty-fifth pin of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to the... Analog ground is connected to pin 24 of analog-to-digital converter U12, which is connected to one end of capacitor C63, one end of capacitor C64, and one end of capacitor C65. Pin 22 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to the other end of capacitor C63, the other end of capacitor C64, and one end of capacitor C66. The other end of capacitor C65 and the other end of capacitor C66 are connected to analog ground. Pins 20, 19, 18, 17, and 16 of analog-to-digital converter U12 are connected to analog ground. Pin 15 of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to resistor R. One end of pin 63 is connected; the 28th pin of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of capacitor C70 and one end of inductor L7, with the other end of capacitor C70 grounded; the other end of inductor L7 is connected to one end of capacitor C71 and the second pin of analog-to-digital converter U12, with the other end of capacitor C71 connected to analog ground; the first pin of analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to analog ground, and the 14th pin of analog-to-digital converter U12 is grounded; under the action of analog-to-digital converter U12, the accuracy and reliability of signal acquisition are effectively guaranteed, providing high-quality data support for the entire system.

[0047] Furthermore, it should be noted that after converting the weak optical signal into an electrical signal and amplifying it appropriately, the analog electrical signal still needs to be digitized through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit so that the microcontroller can perform subsequent signal processing. Therefore, the data acquisition circuit was designed around this goal, and corresponding peripheral circuits were designed based on the characteristics of the selected A / D conversion chip. For example, in practical applications, the selected ADC chip is the AD9280 single-chip ADC developed by a certain company. This chip has 8-bit resolution and a sampling rate of up to 32MSPS, enabling direct sampling in signal processing applications with a maximum frequency of 135MHz. The AD9280 chip allows for multiple input signal modes. To adapt to the design requirements of this signal processing, an input range of 0–2V was set, meaning the reference voltage of the input signal was set to 0V, with an upper limit of 2V full scale. To achieve precise amplitude control of the AD9280 input signal, an amplitude adjustment circuit composed of two operational amplifier chips, AD8065 and TL072, was designed. The TL072 is a low-power operational amplifier chip developed by a certain company. Its function is to convert the internal reference voltage provided by the AD9280 into a voltage signal and transmit it as an input signal to the AD8065 chip. The AD8065 chip is a high-speed, low-noise operational amplifier developed by another company, mainly used to amplify the intermediate frequency analog signal input to the interface, ultimately ensuring that the signal amplitude meets the input range required by the AD9280 chip. The above analog-to-digital conversion circuit can effectively ensure the accuracy and reliability of the signal acquisition process, providing high-quality data support for the entire system. The AD9280 chip has many performance advantages, including fast sampling speed, high analog-to-digital conversion accuracy, low power consumption, strong anti-interference ability, and good system compatibility. This makes the chip have significant application prospects in the fields of digital signal processing and high-speed data acquisition, especially suitable for the rapid and accurate acquisition and processing of high-precision analog signals. In addition, the AD9280 chip also integrates several practical modules such as automatic calibration circuit and built-in reference voltage source, which helps to simplify the debugging and optimization process in practical applications and effectively improve the overall stability of the system. Given the above outstanding features and low power consumption, the AD9280 chip was ultimately selected as the core component for the analog-to-digital conversion and signal acquisition module to ensure that the acquisition system can fully meet the stringent requirements for signal processing accuracy, efficiency and reliability.

[0048] Its peripheral circuit design fully considers the matching requirements between signal amplitude and reference voltage. In the signal conditioning section, for example, a voltage follower is constructed using the TL072CDR chip, i.e., operational amplifier U16.2, to initially buffer and stabilize the reference voltage VREF2. This output signal is then fed into the second-stage operational amplifier by introducing a negative feedback resistor to set an appropriate gain. In the second-stage circuit, operational amplifier U16.1 is configured as an inverting proportional amplifier, reversing the polarity of the reference signal, and inputting it along with the measured signal VIN to a signal attenuation circuit composed of AD8065. This circuit structure effectively attenuates higher amplitude input voltages, ensuring that the final level is controlled within the voltage range allowed for normal operation of the AD9280 chip.

[0049] In one embodiment, the digital-to-analog converter circuit described above includes a digital-to-analog converter U10, a resistor R51, a capacitor C53, a resistor R50, a capacitor C51, a capacitor C52, and a capacitor C54. The eighteenth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the resistor R51, the seventeenth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the capacitor C53, the other end of the capacitor C53 is connected to the other end of the resistor R51, the sixteenth and twentieth pins of the digital-to-analog converter U10 are connected to analog ground, and the twenty-sixth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is grounded. The twenty-eighth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the resistor R50. The nineteenth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of capacitor C51, the twenty-third pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of capacitor C52, and the other end of capacitor C52 is connected to analog ground. The twenty-fourth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of capacitor C54, and the other end of capacitor C54 is connected to analog ground. Under the action of the digital-to-analog converter U10, it can convert into a precise analog voltage to adjust the drive bias of the laser source, thereby effectively suppressing temperature drift, zero drift and nonlinear error. This not only improves the stability and repeatability of long-term operation, but also significantly improves the absolute accuracy and dynamic response capability of angle measurement.

[0050] Furthermore, it should be noted that in practical applications, such as using the AD9708ARUZ as a digital-to-analog converter chip, this chip internally employs a 16-bit serial input format for data transmission, with data input via the SPI bus. Input data transmission is achieved using the chip's built-in shift register. Specifically, when the synchronization signal pin is low, the data write operation begins. Subsequently, based on the falling edge of the clock signal, the chip gradually transmits data to the data input register over subsequent clock cycles. The entire data transmission cycle comprises 16 clock cycles, during which data is written sequentially through the serial interface. After data transmission is complete, the chip automatically converts the received digital data into the corresponding analog voltage and outputs it. In terms of timing control, the AD9708ARUZ relies on clock and synchronization signals to ensure the accuracy of data transmission and conversion. Within each clock cycle, data transmission is synchronized via the clock signal, and the synchronization signal allows the chip to identify when to begin receiving new data and enter conversion mode. This precise timing control gives the AD9708ARUZ extremely high stability and reliability in high-speed applications.

[0051] Furthermore, it should be noted that the aforementioned secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3, used to acquire data from the ring laser sensor 1, may include three core modules: a high-frequency crystal oscillator, an FPGA, and a DSP. The FPGA is used for data acquisition, and the DSP is used for signal processing. Figure 7 As shown, the FPGA includes a first edge detector, a first moving average filter, a first accumulator, a second edge detector, a second moving average filter, and a second accumulator. In the signal flow diagram of the data acquisition circuit, the first edge detector, the first moving average filter, and the first accumulator are used to acquire the RCP signal; the second edge detector, the second moving average filter, and the second accumulator are used to acquire the LCP signal. First, a high-frequency crystal oscillator sends a 200MHz sampling clock to the FPGA; the first and second edge detectors receive the rising edge of the 200MHz sampling clock and sample the RCP and LCP signals respectively; the first and second edge detectors transmit the acquired RCP and LCP signals to the first and second moving average filters respectively for moving average, and finally transmit them to the first and second accumulators, where they are accumulated into 1kHz frequency signals; the 1kHz frequency RCP and LCP signals are transmitted to the DSP for angle-based calculation to obtain the carrier angle, and finally transmitted to the test computer.

[0052] Typically, the ring laser sensor 1 uses integer pulse counting, resulting in a quantization error of ±1 pulse. Setting the pulse equivalent to 0.72” / p, the quantization error is ±0.72”. This invention achieves high resolution through oversampling; quantization noise is usually considered as broadband white noise, with a sampling frequency f… s Oversampling the pulse signal results in quantization noise energy being uniformly distributed between 0 and f. s Within a frequency band of / 2, the sampling results are passed through a cutoff frequency of f. c If a low-pass filter is used, then the variance of the quantization error after filtering is:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, δ 2 It is the variance of the quantization noise before filtering.

[0055] Angle calculation formula:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, Indicates a corner; Indicates the integration time; K represents the scale coefficient; Ω(t) represents the gyroscope output; dt represents the ground velocity component; dt represents the data rate.

[0058] according to Figure 8 and Figure 9 In comparison, the measurement noise has been reduced from 3 pulses to 0.003 pulses. This invention greatly improves the resolution of the ring laser goniometer, reduces zero drift, and achieves high-precision angle measurement. It is highly accurate, practical, and cost-effective.

[0059] In summary, by utilizing the above-mentioned technical solution of this utility model, and through the coordinated arrangement of the ring laser sensor 1, power adapter 2, secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3, and angle measurement computer 4, the system resolution can be significantly improved, gyroscope zero-bias drift can be effectively suppressed, and the accuracy and long-term stability of signal acquisition can be improved by adopting low-noise preamplification, high-precision analog-to-digital conversion, and closed-loop feedback control. Compared with traditional solutions, the improved resolution significantly reduces the impact of zero-bias drift on angle measurement accuracy, significantly reduces measurement error, achieves high-precision dynamic angle measurement, has good anti-interference ability and environmental adaptability, and combines high precision, high reliability, and practical cost-effectiveness. It can be widely used in inertial navigation testing, precision manufacturing, and high-end optical measurement fields. Through the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3, under the power provided by the communication interface USB1, it can prevent damage to the system due to sudden current surges. Damage to components or impacts are prevented, and the surface-mount fuse F1 effectively limits abnormal current while suppressing ripple and power supply interference, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement signal and the reliability of the system operation. Through the secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit 3, the weak interference signal output by the ring laser sensor 1 is amplified and filtered with low noise and high stability in cooperation with the preamplifier circuit, analog-to-digital converter circuit, digital-to-analog converter circuit and control chip U8, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The amplified analog signal is then digitized with high resolution and high sampling rate to ensure that subtle features of angle changes are accurately captured. A precise compensation voltage is output to achieve closed-loop adjustment of the light source or bias, enhancing system stability. This not only improves the dynamic response capability and anti-interference performance of the system, but also significantly reduces nonlinear errors and temperature drift, thereby achieving high-precision and high-reliability angle measurement.

[0060] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixing", "screw connection", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Unless otherwise explicitly limited, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A ring laser goniometer system, characterized by, include: Ring laser sensor, power adapter, secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit, and angle measurement computer; The ring laser sensor is used to obtain the movement of gyro interference fringes through the right-turn optical path and the left-turn optical path, and output the carrier rotation angle data; The power adapter is used to convert 220V AC mains power into +15V DC power. The secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit is used to convert +15V DC power into ±15V DC power and +5V DC power required by the ring laser sensor, and to acquire data from the ring laser sensor. The angle measuring computer is used to display the data from the ring laser sensor; The secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit are respectively connected to one end of the ring laser sensor, the power adapter and the angle measuring computer, and the other end of the power adapter is connected to 220V mains power.

2. The ring laser gyro system of claim 1 wherein, The secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit includes: a communication interface USB1, a surface mount fuse F1, a toggle switch SW1, and a capacitor C7. The first pin of the communication interface USB1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the surface mount fuse F1, the fifth pin of the communication interface USB1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C7, and the other end of the surface mount fuse F1 is connected to one end of the toggle switch SW1.

3. The ring laser gyro system of claim 1 wherein, The secondary power supply and data acquisition circuit also includes a preamplifier circuit, an analog-to-digital converter circuit, a digital-to-analog converter circuit, and a control chip U8; The preamplifier circuit is used to amplify the analog electrical signal, filter out noise interference, and output the noise-reduced analog electrical signal. The analog-to-digital converter circuit is used to digitize the noise-reduced analog electrical signal and output a digital signal. The digital-to-analog converter circuit is used to simulate voltage output; The control chip U8 is used to realize data acquisition and control; One end of the preamplifier circuit is connected to one end of the analog-to-digital converter circuit, the other end of the analog-to-digital converter circuit is connected to one end of the control chip U8, and the other end of the control chip U8 is connected to one end of the digital-to-analog converter circuit.

4. The ring laser gyro system of claim 3 wherein, The preamplifier circuit includes resistor R3, capacitor C1, resistor R4, resistor R70, transimpedance amplifier OPA657, capacitor C5, capacitor C4, inductor L12, resistor R1, capacitor C2, and power supply positive terminal VCC. One end of resistor R3 is connected to one end of capacitor C1. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the other end of capacitor C1, one end of resistor R4, and one end of resistor R70. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to one end of inductor L12, one end of capacitor C4, one end of capacitor C5, and the sixth pin of transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The other end of inductor L12 is connected to the positive terminal VCC of the power supply. The other end of capacitor C4 is connected to the other end of capacitor C5. The other end of the resistor R70 is connected to the fifth pin of the transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The fourth pin of the transimpedance amplifier OPA657 is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the capacitor C2. The other ends of the resistor R1 and the other ends of the capacitor C2 are both connected to the seventh pin of the transimpedance amplifier OPA657. The third pin of the transimpedance amplifier is grounded.

5. The ring laser gyro system of claim 3 wherein, The analog-to-digital converter circuit includes operational amplifier U16.2, resistor R64, operational amplifier U16.1, resistor R65, resistor R66, operational amplifier U14, resistor R27, diode D3, diode D4, resistor R49, resistor R29, voltage input terminal VIN1, integrated circuit U15, voltage input terminal VIN2, resistor R26, analog-to-digital converter U12, capacitor C70, capacitor C68, capacitor C67, capacitor C63, capacitor C64, capacitor C66, capacitor C65, inductor L7, capacitor C71, and resistor R63. The first and second pins of the operational amplifier U16.2 are both connected to one end of the resistor R64. The other end of the resistor R64 is connected to one end of the resistor R65 and the sixth pin of the operational amplifier U16.

1. The seventh pin of the operational amplifier U16.1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R65 and one end of the resistor R66. The fifth pin of the operational amplifier U16.1 is connected to analog ground. The other end of resistor R66 is connected to the second pin of operational amplifier U14, one end of resistor R27, and one end of diode D3. The other end of diode D3 is connected to the third pin of operational amplifier U14, one end of diode D4, one end of resistor R49, and one end of resistor R29. The other end of diode D4 is connected to one end of diode D3. The other end of resistor R49 is connected to analog ground. The other end of resistor R29 is connected to one end of voltage input terminal VIN1. The other end of voltage input terminal VIN1 is connected to the third pin of integrated circuit U15. The first, second, fourth, and fifth pins of integrated circuit U15 are all connected to one end of voltage input terminal VIN2. The sixth pin of the operational amplifier U14 is connected to the other end of resistor R27 and one end of resistor R26. The other end of resistor R26 is connected to the twenty-seventh pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12. The twenty-sixth pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of capacitor C68 and one end of capacitor C67. The other end of capacitor C68 is connected to the other end of capacitor C67. The twenty-fifth pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to analog ground. The twenty-fourth pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to capacitor C63. One end of the capacitor C63, one end of the capacitor C64, and one end of the capacitor C65 are connected. The twenty-second pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C63, the other end of the capacitor C64, and one end of the capacitor C66, respectively. The other end of the capacitor C65 is connected to analog ground. The other end of the capacitor C66 is connected to analog ground. The twentieth, nineteenth, eighteenth, seventeenth, and sixteenth pins of the analog-to-digital converter U12 are connected to analog ground. The fifteenth pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of the resistor R63. The twenty-eighth pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to one end of the capacitor C70 and one end of the inductor L7, respectively. The other end of the capacitor C70 is grounded. The other end of the inductor L7 is connected to one end of the capacitor C71 and the second pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12. The other end of the capacitor C71 is connected to analog ground. The first pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is connected to analog ground, and the fourteenth pin of the analog-to-digital converter U12 is grounded.

6. The ring laser gyro system of claim 3 wherein, The digital-to-analog conversion circuit includes a digital-to-analog converter U10, a resistor R51, a capacitor C53, a resistor R50, a capacitor C51, a capacitor C52, and a capacitor C54. The eighteenth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the resistor R51, the seventeenth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the capacitor C53, the other end of the capacitor C53 is connected to the other end of the resistor R51, the sixteenth and twentieth pins of the digital-to-analog converter U10 are connected to analog ground, and the twenty-sixth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is grounded. The twenty-eighth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the resistor R50, the nineteenth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the capacitor C51, the twenty-third pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the capacitor C52, the other end of the capacitor C52 is connected to analog ground, the twenty-fourth pin of the digital-to-analog converter U10 is connected to one end of the capacitor C54, and the other end of the capacitor C54 is connected to analog ground.

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