A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device, belonging to the field of high-pressure gas silencing technology. It includes a first-stage pressure reduction silencing structure, a second-stage pressure reduction silencing structure, and a third-stage pressure reduction silencing structure fixed sequentially from bottom to top. The first-stage pressure reduction silencing structure includes an outer shell, inside which a vertically fixed column has several horizontally arranged discs fixed on it. These discs form a first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel, and each disc has a vent hole. An air inlet pipe communicating with the first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel is fixed on the outer shell. The second-stage pressure reduction silencing structure contains a second-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel, and the third-stage pressure reduction silencing structure contains a third-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel based on the Venturi effect. The lower end of the second-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel communicates with the first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel through a vent hole, and the upper end of the second-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel communicates with the third-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel. This device solves the problem of insufficient noise reduction effect of existing silencing devices under high pressure and high flow rate exhaust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of high-pressure gas silencing technology, specifically relating to a multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device. Background Technology

[0002] High-pressure gas emissions are common in various gas-using fields. Within the industry, gases with pressures exceeding 0.5 MPa (5 bar) are generally considered high-pressure gases; however, the specific definition varies depending on the industry, application scenario, and equipment requirements. If not properly handled, high-pressure gas emissions generate significant noise, polluting the surrounding environment and causing substantial harm to the physical and mental health of on-site workers, even leading to various occupational diseases. Specifically, noise hazards include, but are not limited to, hearing and mental health damage. Regarding hearing, prolonged exposure to high-intensity noise can gradually cause hearing loss in workers, potentially leading to noise-induced deafness in severe cases. In terms of mental health, noise can trigger irritability, anxiety, and mental stress, reducing workers' quality of life and work efficiency. Furthermore, noise can negatively impact physical health, such as causing increased blood pressure and heart rate, damaging the cardiovascular system. While some simple high-pressure gas silencers exist, such as those with metal mesh, their noise reduction effect is not significant, and considerable noise still exists at high-pressure gas usage sites.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent document CN101328825A discloses a silencer, including an intake pipe, a housing, and a head. The intake pipe has multiple small-hole-like air inlets, and the top of the intake pipe is closed. A fixed baffle is located near the head inside the housing, dividing the housing into a front cavity and a rear cavity. Multiple inner tubes on the fixed baffle connect the front and rear cavities. The rear cavity has multiple annular slots. This technical solution uses a small-hole outflow method, which can reduce noise during gas emission to some extent. However, under high-pressure and high-flow-rate exhaust conditions, its noise reduction effect is still insufficient to meet practical needs. The reason for this is that during high-pressure gas emission, the gas velocity is high. As the velocity increases, the friction between the fluid and the solid surface significantly increases, causing more of the gas's kinetic energy to be converted into sound energy. Simultaneously, the increased velocity also exacerbates fluid turbulence, which is a major contributing factor to noise generation.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new type of silencing structure to further improve the noise reduction of high-pressure gas emissions under high-pressure and high-flow exhaust conditions. Utility Model Content The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and to provide a multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device. This effectively solves the technical problem that the existing silencing devices still have insufficient noise reduction effect under high pressure and large flow exhaust conditions due to the increased flow velocity of high pressure gas, and achieves effective reduction of noise from high pressure gas emissions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A multi-stage gradient pressure reduction silencing device includes a first-stage pressure reduction silencing structure, a second-stage pressure reduction silencing structure, and a third-stage pressure reduction silencing structure fixed from bottom to top. The first-stage pressure reduction silencing structure includes an outer shell, inside which a vertical column is fixed. Several horizontally arranged discs are fixed on the column, forming a first-stage pressure reduction silencing channel between the discs. Each disc has a vent hole. An air inlet pipe communicating with the first-stage pressure reduction silencing channel is fixed on the outer shell. The second-stage pressure reduction silencing structure has a second-stage pressure reduction silencing channel. The third-stage pressure reduction silencing structure has a third-stage pressure reduction silencing channel based on the Venturi effect. The lower end of the second-stage pressure reduction silencing channel communicates with the first-stage pressure reduction silencing channel through the vent hole, and the upper end of the second-stage pressure reduction silencing channel communicates with the third-stage pressure reduction silencing channel.

[0006] The surface of the disk is rough, and the spacing between adjacent disks is 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0007] Each disk has multiple vent holes, which are arranged close together and in a ring around the column.

[0008] The secondary voltage reduction and noise reduction structure includes a horn structure shell, which includes a connecting neck section and an inverted conical diffuser section. The inverted conical diffuser section is fixed to the top of the connecting neck section, and the connecting neck section is fixed to the top of the shell. The connecting neck section and the inverted conical diffuser section are respectively connected to the shell and the tertiary voltage reduction and noise reduction structure.

[0009] The secondary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing channel is a metal foam structure, which is fixed inside the horn structure shell. The metal foam structure has interconnected pores. The pores are connected to the tertiary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing channel and are connected to the primary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing channel through vent holes.

[0010] The three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure includes a cylindrical shell that communicates with an inverted conical diffuser section. The three-stage pressure-reducing silencing channel is fixed inside the cylindrical shell and includes several vertical exhaust holes evenly distributed inside the cylindrical shell. The cross-section of the vertical exhaust holes is rectangular, and each vertical exhaust hole includes an inlet section, a constriction section, and an outlet section arranged from bottom to top. The outlet section has an inverted conical hole structure, and the inlet section communicates with the pores.

[0011] Both the inlet section and the constriction section have square hole structures, and the inlet section and the constriction section are connected by a conical frustum hole. The hole diameter of the inlet section and the hole diameter of the outlet section are both larger than the hole diameter of the constriction section.

[0012] The angle formed by the conical surface of the outlet section and the vertical centerline of the vertical exhaust hole is greater than 15°.

[0013] The primary, secondary, and tertiary voltage reduction and noise reduction structures are integrally formed using a metal-based 3D printing process.

[0014] The disk, column, and outer casing are arranged coaxially.

[0015] The advantages of using this utility model are: 1. This utility model discloses a multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device. First, by referencing the Tesla turbine principle, an intake pipe, outer shell, column, and several discs are connected in a structure, and a first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel is formed between the discs. When high-pressure gas enters the outer shell of the first-stage pressure reduction silencing structure through the intake pipe, the untreated high-pressure gas rushes into the first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel at a high velocity. When the high-pressure gas flows in the first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel, the first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel can significantly enhance the boundary layer effect, thereby generating a large viscous resistance. The viscous resistance limits the flow velocity of the high-pressure gas, forcing the high-pressure gas to overcome the resistance and do work, consuming its kinetic energy and pressure energy, thus achieving the reliability of primary pressure reduction of high-pressure gas. The gas that has undergone primary pressure reduction and energy consumption through the first-stage pressure reduction silencing flow channel is discharged from the outer shell of the first-stage pressure reduction silencing structure through the vent holes on the discs.

[0016] Secondly, this invention utilizes a three-stage pressure-reducing and noise-reducing flow channel based on the Venturi effect, which efficiently converts residual kinetic energy into heat energy through pore friction damping and eddy current breaking effect. Furthermore, compared to the conventional exhaust orifice structure used in existing technologies for high-pressure gas discharge to the atmosphere, it has a lower flow coefficient and a larger flow area, significantly reducing gas velocity and pressure, ultimately allowing the gas to be discharged smoothly at a lower velocity, thus achieving a more effective low-noise emission.

[0017] In summary, this invention, through its design of a three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure fixed from bottom to top, achieves effective pressure reduction and energy dissipation of high-pressure gas at each stage. This forms a complete multi-stage gradient pressure reduction for the high-pressure gas. As indicated by the typical gas critical pressure formula Poutside ≤ 0.528P0, progressively reducing the high-pressure gas pressure reduces its flow velocity. Therefore, the high-pressure gas is ultimately discharged smoothly at a very low velocity. This effectively solves the technical problem that existing silencing devices still suffer from insufficient noise reduction under high-pressure, high-flow exhaust conditions due to increased high-pressure gas velocity. It achieves effective reduction of high-pressure gas emission noise, significantly minimizing the noise impact on the surrounding environment. 2. In this invention, the rough surface structure of the discs generates significant turbulent friction as the high-pressure gas flows across them, disrupting the laminar flow and transforming it into turbulent flow. This further consumes the kinetic and pressure energy of the high-pressure gas, which is then converted into heat energy and transferred to the outside through the discs, further improving the reliability of the pressure reduction and noise reduction. Furthermore, by designing the spacing between adjacent discs to be within the range of 0.3-0.5 mm, computer simulation calculations show that the pressure and velocity of the high-flow-rate high-pressure gas are effectively reduced, thus improving the noise reduction efficiency.

[0018] 3. In this utility model, the two-stage pressure reduction and silencing structure is designed to form a horn structure shell through the interconnected connecting neck section and the inverted conical diffuser section. This design can diffuse and increase the emission area of ​​high-pressure gas, thereby reducing the flow rate of high-pressure gas. As the flow rate of high-pressure gas decreases, the collision frequency between gas molecules per unit time decreases, which improves the reliability of pressure reduction and silencing of high-pressure gas.

[0019] 4. In this utility model, the secondary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing flow channel adopts a metal foam structure, and the metal foam structure is designed with interconnected pores. When the high-pressure gas after the primary pressure reduction and energy consumption of the primary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing flow channel flows through the metal foam structure, it will impact the pores, causing friction between the gas and the pores and generating turbulence. This achieves turbulence control, causing the kinetic energy of the gas to be converted into heat energy, thus achieving the purpose of energy dissipation. Furthermore, the interaction between the high-pressure gas and the pore wall is weakened, thereby further reducing the noise generated by the flow and collision of high-pressure gas.

[0020] 5. In this invention, the vertical exhaust port design allows high-pressure gas to enter after two stages of pressure reduction, forming a three-stage pressure-reducing flow channel. The resulting frictional damping and vortex breaking effect further enhance the kinetic energy of the high-pressure gas, converting its remaining kinetic energy into heat energy. Furthermore, the inverted conical hole structure design significantly reduces the velocity of the high-pressure gas as it exits the three-stage pressure-reducing and noise-reducing structure, thereby stabilizing the airflow and effectively reducing noise generated by the gas flow.

[0021] 6. In this invention, the vertical exhaust port, through its constriction section design, reduces the gas flow diameter, thereby decreasing the mass flow rate through this section and consequently lowering the noise power. Furthermore, the smaller the aperture, the easier it is for the gas to generate high-frequency sounds, which attenuate more quickly in the air and are less perceptible to the human ear.

[0022] 7. In this utility model, the angle between the conical surface of the outlet section and the vertical center line of the vertical exhaust hole is greater than 15°, which greatly reduces the flow rate of high-pressure gas, stabilizes the airflow, and reduces noise.

[0023] 8. In this utility model, the first-stage voltage reduction and noise reduction structure, the second-stage voltage reduction and noise reduction structure, and the third-stage voltage reduction and noise reduction structure are integrally formed by metal-based 3D printing technology, realizing the overall manufacturing of the structure. There is no need for complicated disassembly and assembly steps. After printing, only simple machining processes are required before it can be put into use. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the BB section of the left-side structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the main view of this utility model (CC plane). Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Chinese Tully effect hole of this utility model.

[0025] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. First-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure, 101. Intake pipe, 102. Outer shell, 103. Disc, 104. Vent hole, 105. Column; 2. Second-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure, 200. Connecting neck section, 201. Inverted cone-shaped diffuser section, 202. Transition section, 204. Pore; 3. Third-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure, 300. Vertical exhaust port, 301. Inlet section, 302. Contraction section, 303. Outlet section. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For ease of description, the description of the relative positional relationships of each component is based on the layout of the accompanying drawings, such as the positional relationships of front, back, top, bottom, left, and right, which are determined according to the layout direction of the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1 As a basic embodiment of this utility model, this embodiment provides a multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device, such as... Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes a first-stage voltage reduction silencing structure 1, a second-stage voltage reduction silencing structure 2, and a third-stage voltage reduction silencing structure 3, which are fixed from bottom to top.

[0028] The first-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction structure 1 includes an outer shell 102. The outer shell 102 is preferably designed as a cylindrical structure. A column 105 is vertically fixed inside the outer shell 102. Several horizontally arranged discs 103 are fixed on the column 105. A first-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction channel is formed between each disc 103. Each disc 103 is provided with a vent hole 104. An air inlet pipe 101 communicating with the first-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction channel is fixed on the outer shell 102.

[0029] Preferred, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the disk 103, the column 105 and the outer shell 102 are coaxially arranged, and each disk 103 has multiple ventilation holes 104. The ventilation holes 104 on each disk 103 are close to each other and arranged in a ring around the column 105.

[0030] The secondary pressure reduction silencing structure 2 is equipped with a secondary pressure reduction silencing channel, and the tertiary pressure reduction silencing structure 3 is equipped with a tertiary pressure reduction silencing channel based on the Venturi effect; the lower end of the secondary pressure reduction silencing channel is connected to the primary pressure reduction silencing channel through the vent 104, and the upper end of the secondary pressure reduction silencing channel is connected to the tertiary pressure reduction silencing channel.

[0031] Furthermore, the surface of the disk 103 is designed with a rough surface structure, which allows the high-pressure gas to generate greater turbulent friction when flowing through the surface of the disk 103, thereby disrupting the laminar flow state of the high-pressure gas and turning it into turbulent flow. This further consumes the kinetic and pressure energy of the high-pressure gas, and the consumed kinetic and pressure energy can be converted into heat energy and transferred to the outside through the disk 103.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figure 2-3As shown, the secondary voltage reduction silencing structure 2 includes a speaker structure shell, which includes a connecting neck section 200 and an inverted conical diffuser section 201. The inverted conical diffuser section 201 is fixed to the top of the connecting neck section 200, which is fixed to the top of the shell 102. The connecting neck section 200 has a cylindrical structure, is fixed to the top of the shell 102, and communicates with the shell 102. The inverted conical diffuser section 201 communicates with the tertiary voltage reduction silencing structure 3.

[0033] Continue to refer to Figure 3 The secondary pressure-reducing silencing channel is a metal foam structure, which is fixed inside the horn structure shell. The metal foam structure has interconnected pores 204. The pores 204 are connected to the tertiary pressure-reducing silencing channel and are connected to the primary pressure-reducing silencing channel through the vent 104.

[0034] Preferably, the primary voltage reduction and noise reduction structure 1, the secondary voltage reduction and noise reduction structure 2, and the tertiary voltage reduction and noise reduction structure 3 are integrally formed by metal-based 3D printing process, without the need for disassembly and assembly. After printing, only simple machining processes are required. The preferred metal-based material is austenitic stainless steel 316L.

[0035] Furthermore, drawing on the design principles of the volute's external structure, the intake pipe 101 is horizontally fixed to the side of the outer shell 102, and the intake pipe 101 and the outer shell 102 together constitute the outer contour structure of the volute. This outer contour structure of the volute can guide the airflow tangentially into the interior of the outer shell 102, causing the airflow to form a swirling flow along the inner wall of the outer shell 102. The swirling flow can enhance the interaction between the gas and the primary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing flow channel, increasing the complexity of the gas flow, thereby more effectively consuming the kinetic and pressure energy of the gas.

[0036] Example 2 Based on the structure of Example 1, this example optimizes the design of the three-stage voltage reduction and noise reduction structure 3.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 1-4 and Figure 6 As shown, the three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 3 includes a cylindrical outer shell that communicates with an inverted conical diffuser section 201. Preferably, the outer diameter of the cylindrical outer shell is equal to the outer diameter of the horn structure outer shell of the two-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 2. The three-stage pressure-reducing silencing channel is fixed inside the cylindrical outer shell and includes several vertical exhaust holes 300 evenly distributed inside the cylindrical outer shell. The cross-section of the vertical exhaust holes 300 is rectangular, and each vertical exhaust hole 300 includes an inlet section 301, a constriction section 302, and an outlet section 303 arranged from bottom to top. The outlet section 303 has an inverted conical hole structure, and the inlet section 301 communicates with the pores 204 on the metal foam structure.

[0038] Both the inlet section 301 and the contraction section 302 have square hole structures, and the inlet section 301 and the contraction section 302 are connected by a conical frustum hole. The hole diameter of the inlet section 301 and the hole diameter of the outlet section 303 are both larger than the hole diameter of the contraction section 302.

[0039] The angle between the conical surface of the outlet section 303 and the vertical centerline of the vertical exhaust port 300 is greater than 15°, which helps to further reduce the high-pressure gas velocity and stabilize its airflow, thereby reducing noise.

[0040] Empirical calculations show that, under conditions where the high-pressure gas flow velocity is the speed of sound, increasing the diameter of a conventional exhaust orifice in existing technologies leads to an increase in gas noise. However, in this embodiment, the structural design of the contraction section 302 in the vertical exhaust orifice 300 reduces the gas flow orifice diameter d, thus decreasing the mass flow rate through this section and consequently reducing the noise power. Furthermore, the smaller the orifice diameter d, the easier it is for the gas to generate high-frequency sounds, which attenuate more quickly in the air and are less perceptible to the human ear.

[0041] From the perspective of the Venturi effect principle and calculation, in the contraction section 302 and the outlet section 303, the mass flow rate remains constant. Due to the inverted conical orifice structure of the outlet section 303, the flow area gradually increases as the gas passes through this section, and according to fluid mechanics principles, the flow velocity will further decrease while the mass flow rate remains constant. Simultaneously, when the high-pressure gas flows through the contraction section 302, it experiences intense friction with the orifice wall, triggering vortex breaking. During this process, a large amount of the gas's kinetic energy is converted into heat energy. This energy conversion effectively consumes the gas's energy, thereby reducing the turbulence intensity and lowering the gas velocity. Since flow velocity is positively correlated with pressure difference, the vertical exhaust port 300's structural design reduces the gas pressure during flow, significantly reducing noise generation.

[0042] Furthermore, according to empirical formulas in noise models, exhaust orifices of different shapes have different shape correction coefficients: 0 for round orifices, -2 for square orifices, and -5 for slits. Vertical exhaust orifices 300 with rectangular cross-sections have a smaller shape correction coefficient than conventional round exhaust orifices, which helps reduce noise generation. Therefore, designing vertical exhaust orifices 300 with rectangular cross-sections within a three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure is a reasonable noise reduction choice.

[0043] In practical applications, to meet the emission requirements of high-pressure gas with different flow rates and pressure levels, and to further optimize the flow rate control of large-flow-rate high-pressure gas, stabilize the airflow, and reduce exhaust noise, the aperture ratio of the inlet section 301, the flow contraction section 302, and the inverted conical outlet section 303 can be precisely adjusted and optimized through simulation calculations based on specific operating parameters, so as to ensure that the device can maintain better noise reduction performance under different application conditions.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, a transition section 202 is fixedly connected between the inverted conical diffuser section 201 and the three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 3. The transition section 202 is also a cylindrical structure, and its outer diameter is equal to that of the three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 3. A transition channel is provided inside the transition section 202, which communicates with both the two-stage and three-stage pressure-reducing silencing channels. The transition channel can be designed as a metal foam structure similar to the two-stage pressure-reducing silencing channel, or it can be designed as several uniformly arranged vertical exhaust holes 300, similar to those in the three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 3.

[0045] Based on the structural designs of Embodiments 1 and 2, the working principle and process of this utility model are as follows: First, the design of the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 1 draws inspiration from the Tesla turbine principle. Through the outer shell 102 and the primary pressure-reducing silencing channels formed between the discs 103 within the outer shell 102, when high-pressure gas enters the outer shell 102 of the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 1 through the intake pipe 101, the untreated high-pressure gas rushes into the primary pressure-reducing silencing channels at a high velocity. As the high-pressure gas flows within these channels, the boundary layer effect is significantly enhanced, resulting in substantial viscous drag. This viscous drag restricts the flow velocity of the high-pressure gas, forcing it to overcome resistance and perform work, thus consuming its kinetic and pressure energy. Then, the gas, having undergone primary pressure reduction and energy consumption through the primary pressure-reducing silencing channels, exits the outer shell 102 of the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 1 through the vent holes 104 on the discs 103 and enters the second-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 2.

[0046] Secondly, after the high-pressure gas undergoes primary pressure reduction and energy dissipation in the primary pressure reduction and silencing structure 1, it flows through the metal foam structure in the secondary pressure reduction and silencing structure 2. This impacts the pores 204, causing friction and turbulence, thus achieving turbulence control and converting the gas's kinetic energy into heat energy, achieving energy dissipation. Furthermore, the interaction between the high-pressure gas and the pore 204 walls is weakened, further reducing noise generated by the flow and collision of the high-pressure gas. Simultaneously, the secondary pressure reduction and silencing structure 2, through its design connecting the neck section 200 and the inverted conical diffuser section 201 to form a horn-shaped outer shell, works in conjunction with the metal foam structure to diffuse and increase the discharge area of ​​the high-pressure gas, thereby reducing its velocity. This reduction in velocity lowers the collision frequency between gas molecules per unit time. As the velocity decreases, the kinetic energy of the high-pressure gas further decreases, achieving secondary pressure reduction within the secondary pressure reduction and silencing structure 2. Subsequently, the high-pressure gas after secondary pressure reduction enters the tertiary pressure reduction and silencing structure 3.

[0047] Third, after the high-pressure gas enters the three-stage pressure-reducing and silencing structure 3, it flows through the vertical exhaust port 300. At this point, the vertical exhaust port 300 forms a three-stage pressure-reducing flow channel. The resulting frictional damping and vortex-breaking effect further enhance the kinetic energy of the high-pressure gas, converting its remaining kinetic energy into heat energy. Furthermore, the inverted conical orifice design significantly reduces the velocity of the high-pressure gas as it exits the three-stage pressure-reducing and silencing structure 3, thereby stabilizing the airflow and effectively reducing noise generated by the gas flow. Compared to the conventional circular exhaust orifice structure used in existing technologies for high-pressure gas emission into the atmosphere, the three-stage pressure-reducing flow channel, based on the Venturi effect of the vertical exhaust port 300, has a lower flow coefficient and a larger flow area, significantly reducing gas velocity and pressure, thus facilitating lower noise emission.

[0048] In summary, the primary pressure-reducing silencing structure 1, the secondary pressure-reducing silencing structure 2, and the tertiary pressure-reducing silencing structure 3 form a connected structure for gradient pressure reduction of the high-pressure gas. After passing through the primary pressure reduction of the primary pressure-reducing silencing structure 1, the secondary pressure reduction of the secondary pressure-reducing silencing structure 2, and the tertiary pressure reduction of the tertiary pressure-reducing silencing structure 3—a complete multi-stage gradient pressure reduction process—the high-pressure gas is finally discharged smoothly at a very low flow rate, completing the entire multi-stage pressure reduction silencing process and effectively achieving the expected goals of noise reduction and pressure reduction.

[0049] It should be noted that in practical applications, the number of step-down stages can be flexibly adjusted according to specific needs. For example, depending on different pressure ranges, noise reduction requirements, or space limitations, the number of step-down stages can be appropriately reduced to simplify the device structure and reduce costs, or the number of stages can be increased to achieve more precise pressure reduction control and more efficient noise reduction.

[0050] Example 3 Based on the structural designs of Embodiments 1 and 2, computer simulation calculations revealed that when parameters such as the spacing of the discs 103, the diameter of the discs 103, and the number of discs 103 are appropriately selected, the pressure and velocity of high-flow-rate, high-pressure gas can be reduced, thereby improving the silencing efficiency. Specifically, the spacing between adjacent discs 103 should be controlled between 0.3 and 0.5 mm, and the number of discs 103 should be set to 20-40. The following will use computer simulation calculations to verify the range values ​​of each parameter. The preconditions are set as follows: ambient temperature 20°C, inlet pipe 101 diameter 65 mm, connecting neck section 200 diameter 150 mm, disc 103 diameter 300 mm, and vent hole 104 diameter on disc 103 30 mm.

[0051] Computer simulation computing scenario one Gas with a pressure of 0.5 MPa is introduced into the first-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction structure 1 through the air inlet pipe 101. The distance between adjacent discs 103 is 0.4 mm, and the number of discs 103 is 30.

[0052] In the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 1, the high-pressure gas comes into full contact with the rough surface of the discs 103. The flow channel structure between the discs 103 generates strong viscous resistance to the gas, intensifying the collisions between gas molecules and rapidly dissipating kinetic and pressure energy. The high-pressure gas then passes through the connecting neck 200, and its pressure upon entering the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 1 is significantly reduced to approximately 0.15 MPa, demonstrating a significant pressure drop effect. During this process, approximately 60% of the energy is lost due to friction between the gas and the walls of the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing flow channels, as well as turbulence within the gas.

[0053] Subsequently, high-pressure gas at approximately 0.15 MPa flows through a secondary pressure-reducing and silencing channel. The inverted conical diffuser section 201 expands the discharge area of ​​the high-pressure gas and reduces its flow velocity. The gas further diffuses and slows down within the metal foam structure, increasing energy dissipation. At this point, the collisions between the gas and the walls of the pores 204, along with the continuous effect of internal turbulence, reduce the high-pressure gas pressure to approximately 0.12 MPa, resulting in an energy loss of approximately 8%.

[0054] Finally, gas at a pressure of approximately 0.12 MPa enters a three-stage pressure-reducing and noise-absorbing channel. This channel features a vertical exhaust port 300 structure, formed by an inlet section 301, a constriction section 302, and an outlet section 303 arranged from bottom to top based on the Venturi effect. Within the vertical exhaust port 300, the gas undergoes complex flow field changes, further consuming its remaining kinetic energy and reducing its velocity to a subsonic speed of approximately 180 m / s. This subsonic jet generates turbulence, reducing emission noise. Through this series of processes, the internal turbulence of the gas gradually subsides, the sound energy decreases, and the gas emission noise ultimately drops to approximately 35 dB.

[0055] Computer simulation calculation scenario two Gas with a pressure of 0.5 MPa is introduced into the first-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction structure 1 through the air inlet pipe 101. The distance between adjacent discs 103 is 0.5 mm, and the number of discs 103 is 20. In the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 1, the high-pressure gas comes into full contact with the rough surface of the disc 103. The flow channel structure between the discs 103 generates strong viscous resistance to the gas, intensifying the collisions between gas molecules and rapidly dissipating kinetic and pressure energy. The high-pressure gas then passes through the connecting neck 200, where its pressure drops to approximately 0.18 MPa. During this process, approximately 50% of the energy is lost due to friction between the gas and the walls of the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing flow channel, as well as internal turbulence.

[0056] Subsequently, as the high-pressure gas at a pressure of approximately 0.18 MPa continues to flow through the metal foam structure of the secondary pressure-reducing and silencing channel, the pressure drops to approximately 0.15 MPa, resulting in an energy loss of approximately 6%.

[0057] Finally, when the gas at a pressure of approximately 0.15 MPa passes through the vertical exhaust port 300 of the three-stage pressure-reducing and noise-reducing structure 3, its velocity drops to a subsonic speed of approximately 260 m / s. This subsonic jet generates turbulence, reducing the final emission noise. Through this series of processes, the internal turbulence of the gas gradually subsides, the sound energy is further reduced, and the noise of the emitted gas eventually drops to approximately 40 dB.

[0058] Computer simulation calculation scenario three Gas with a pressure of 0.5 MPa is introduced into the first-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction structure 1 through the air inlet pipe 101. The distance between adjacent discs 103 is 0.3 mm, and the number of discs 103 is 40. In the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure 1, the high-pressure gas comes into full contact with the rough surface of the disc 103. The flow channel structure between the discs 103 generates strong viscous resistance to the gas, intensifying the collisions between gas molecules and rapidly dissipating kinetic and pressure energy. The high-pressure gas then passes through the connecting neck 200, where its pressure drops to approximately 0.12 MPa. During this process, approximately 70% of the energy is lost due to friction between the gas and the walls of the first-stage pressure-reducing silencing flow channel, as well as internal turbulence.

[0059] Subsequently, as the high-pressure gas at a pressure of approximately 0.12 MPa continues to flow through the metal foam structure of the secondary pressure-reducing and silencing channel, the pressure drops to approximately 0.08 MPa, resulting in an energy loss of approximately 10%.

[0060] Finally, when the gas at a pressure of approximately 0.08 MPa passes through the vertical exhaust port 300 of the three-stage pressure-reducing and noise-reducing structure 3, its velocity drops to a subsonic speed of approximately 140 m / s. This subsonic jet generates turbulence, reducing the final emission noise. Through this series of processes, the internal turbulence of the gas gradually subsides, the sound energy is further reduced, and the noise of the emitted gas eventually drops to approximately 30 dB.

[0061] In summary, through computer simulation analysis of three different parameter combinations, it can be seen that, given the preconditions (ambient temperature 20°C, inlet pipe 101 diameter 65mm, connecting neck 200 diameter 150mm, disc 103 diameter 300mm, vent hole 104 diameter 30mm), when the spacing between adjacent discs 103 is set to 0.3mm and the number of discs 103 is set to 40, the multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction and noise reduction device achieves the optimal effect on pressure reduction, flow stabilization and noise reduction of high-pressure gas.

[0062] It should be noted that the above conclusions are based on the pre-set conditions. In practical applications, the parameters of the muffler should be set and adjusted according to the specific operating conditions such as the actual diameter of the intake pipe 101 and the gas pressure.

[0063] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present utility model. Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features unless otherwise specified. All features or steps in all methods or processes disclosed may be combined in any way except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

Claims

1. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device, characterized in that: The structure includes a first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure (1), a second-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure (2), and a third-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure (3) fixed from bottom to top. The first-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure (1) includes a shell (102), inside which a column (105) is vertically fixed. Several horizontally arranged discs (103) are fixed on the column (105). A first-stage pressure-reducing silencing channel is formed between each disc (103), and each disc (103) is provided with a... Vent hole (104), air inlet pipe (101) connected to the first-stage pressure reduction and silencing channel is fixed on the outer shell (102), the second-stage pressure reduction and silencing structure (2) is provided with a second-stage pressure reduction and silencing channel, and the third-stage pressure reduction and silencing structure (3) is provided with a third-stage pressure reduction and silencing channel based on the Venturi effect; the lower end of the second-stage pressure reduction and silencing channel is connected to the first-stage pressure reduction and silencing channel through vent hole (104), and the upper end of the second-stage pressure reduction and silencing channel is connected to the third-stage pressure reduction and silencing channel.

2. The multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the disk (103) is rough, and the distance between adjacent disks (103) is 0.3-0.5 mm.

3. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure-reducing and sound-attenuating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each disk (103) has multiple ventilation holes (104), and the ventilation holes (104) on each disk (103) are close to and arranged in a ring around the column (105).

4. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure-reducing and sound-attenuating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary voltage reduction silencing structure (2) includes a horn structure shell, which includes a connecting neck section (200) and an inverted conical diffuser section (201). The inverted conical diffuser section (201) is fixed at the top of the connecting neck section (200), and the connecting neck section (200) is fixed at the top of the shell (102). The connecting neck section (200) and the inverted conical diffuser section (201) are respectively connected to the shell (102) and the tertiary voltage reduction silencing structure (3).

5. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure-reducing and sound-attenuating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The secondary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing channel is a metal foam structure, which is fixed inside the horn structure shell. The metal foam structure has interconnected pores (204). The pores (204) are connected to the tertiary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing channel and are connected to the primary pressure-reducing and noise-reducing channel through the vent (104).

6. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure-reducing and sound-attenuating device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The three-stage pressure-reducing silencing structure (3) includes a cylindrical shell, which is connected to an inverted conical diffuser section (201); the three-stage pressure-reducing silencing channel is fixed inside the cylindrical shell, and the three-stage pressure-reducing silencing channel includes several vertical exhaust holes (300) evenly distributed inside the cylindrical shell. The cross-section of the vertical exhaust hole (300) is rectangular. The vertical exhaust hole (300) includes an inlet section (301), a contraction section (302), and an outlet section (303) arranged from bottom to top. The outlet section (303) has an inverted conical hole structure, and the inlet section (301) is connected to the pore (204).

7. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure-reducing and sound-attenuating device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both the inlet section (301) and the contraction section (302) are square hole structures, and the inlet section (301) and the contraction section (302) are connected by a conical frustum hole. The hole diameter of the inlet section (301) and the hole diameter of the outlet section (303) are both larger than the hole diameter of the contraction section (302).

8. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure-reducing and sound-attenuating device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The angle formed by the conical surface of the outlet section (303) and the vertical centerline of the vertical exhaust hole (300) is >15°.

9. The multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction structure (1), the second-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction structure (2), and the third-stage pressure reduction and noise reduction structure (3) are integrally formed by metal-based 3D printing process.

10. A multi-stage flow channel gradient pressure reduction silencing device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The disk (103), column (105) and outer shell (102) are coaxially arranged.

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